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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u6587\u660e\u7ed3\u5a5a\u201d\u6240\u8574\u542b\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u610f\u4e49\u53ef\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\uff1a\u4e3b\u5f20\u604b\u7231\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u5a5a\u59fb\u81ea\u4e3b\uff1b\u5d07\u5c1a\u7b80\u7ea6\u8282\u4fed\uff1b\u63d0\u5021\u897f\u65b9\u65b0\u5f0f\u5a5a\u793c\u4e0e\u5a5a\u5236\u7b49\u3002\u201c\u6587\u660e\u7ed3\u5a5a\u201d\u540c\u65f6\u6de1\u5316\u4e86\u5c01\u5efa\u5b97\u65cf\u8272\u5f69\uff1b\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u547d\u76f8\u3001\u5c5e\u76f8\u3001\u201c\u516b\u5b57\u201d\u7b49\u65e7\u5f0f\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5728\u5a5a\u59fb\u7f14\u7ed3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u6c42\u5a5a\u5e16\u3001\u5141\u5a5a\u5e16\u3001\u5e9a\u5e16\u7b49\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u53d1\u552e\u7684\u5b98\u5236\u5a5a\u4e66\u3002\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5149\u3001\u5ba3\u4e4b\u9645\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7701\u4efd\u63a8\u884c\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5b98\u5236\u5a5a\u4e66\uff0c\u4e43\u201c\u65b0\u653f\u201d\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u5957\u653f\u7b56\u56e0\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u7edf\u6cbb\u5f0f\u5fae\u800c\u6267\u884c\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u4f73\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u7ed3\u5a5a\u8bc1\u4e66<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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1934\u5e749\u6708,\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u9a7b\u534e\u5927\u4f7f\u7eaa\u4f51\u7a46\uff08Guillaume. J. Baron\uff0c1892-1962\uff09\u4e5f\u5411\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u5448\u9012\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u516c\u51fd\u2014\u2014\u201c\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f9d\u5b97\u6559\u4eea\u5f0f\u5982\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u3001\u8036\u7a23\u6559\u3001\u72b9\u592a\u6559\u7b49\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u5426\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u201d\u3002\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u540c\u6837\u8f6c\u8bf7\u53f8\u6cd5\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u54a8\u8be2\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u53f8\u6cd5\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u56de\u590d\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u610f\u601d\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u6559\u5802\u4e3e\u884c\u7ed3\u5a5a\u793c\uff0c\u4eea\u5f0f\u65e2\u7cfb\u516c\u5f00\uff0c\u4e14\u6709\u795e\u7236\u6216\u7267\u5e08\u8bc1\u5a5a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6cbf\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u8bc1\u4eba\uff0c\u603b\u6570\u5728\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8005\u3001\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6c11\u6cd5\u4eb2\u5c5e\u7f16\u7b2c\u4e5d\u516b\u4e8c\u6761\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u7ed3\u5a5a\u793c\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u4e4b\u4eea\u5f0f\u53ca\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e4b\u8bc1\u4eba\uff09\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u4f3c\u53ef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

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\u636e\u6c11\u56fd\u4e13\u4e1a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u4e4b\u4eea\u5f0f\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u610f\u5728\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u901a\u6653\uff0c\u5373\u4e60\u60ef\u4e3e\u884c\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u60ac\u706f\u7ed3\u5f69\uff0c\u8d3a\u5ba2\u76c8\u95e8\uff0c\u62ab\u7ef8\u6234\u82b1\uff0c\u7537\u5973\u4ea4\u62dc\u201d\u3002\u800c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e4b\u8bc1\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u5305\u62ec\u53c2\u52a0\u5a5a\u793c\u3001\u8ba2\u7acb\u5a5a\u4e66\u4e4b\u4e3b\u5a5a\u4eba\u3001\u8bc1\u5a5a\u4eba\u3001\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4eba\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc1\u5b9e\u67d0\u7537\u4e0e\u67d0\u5973\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\uff0c\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\uff0c\u4e3a\u65e0\u7455\u75b5\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u3002\u201d\u5982\u679c\u6ee1\u8db3\u6c11\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e5d\u767e\u516b\u5341\u4e8c\u6761\uff0c\u201c\u5176\u4ed6\u5982\u4e3b\u5a5a\u4eba\u4e4b\u6709\u65e0\u7b49\uff0c\u76d6\u975e\u5fc5\u8981\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e4b\u8bc1\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e60\u800c\u4e0d\u5bdf\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u8bf7\u6709\u58f0\u671b\u6216\u673a\u5173\u957f\u5b98\u4e00\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e4b\u8bc1\u5a5a\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u865a\u8363\uff0c\u7adf\u5ffd\u7565\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e4b\u6570\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u201c\u5373\u4f7f\u5a92\u8bc1\u4e00\u4eba\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u8bc1\u5a5a\u4e4b\u4eba\u4e00\u4eba\uff0c\u4ea6\u5df2\u5408\u4e8c\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e4b\u8981\u4ef6\uff0c\u521d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6982\u79f0\u8bc1\u5a5a\u4eba\u4e4b\u540d\u4e49\uff0c\u59cb\u80fd\u4e0e\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80cc\u201d\uff0c\u7ed3\u5a5a\u4f9d\u7136\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

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1931\u5e74\u201c\u4e5d\u00b7\u4e00\u516b\u4e8b\u53d8\u201d\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u96be\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u590d\u5174\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u62b5\u5fa1\u5916\u8fb1\u5fc5\u5148\u5851\u9020\u65b0\u56fd\u6c11\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7d20\u8d28\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7b49\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u5171\u8bc6\u9010\u6e10\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c1934\u5e742\u6708\u5021\u884c\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u751f\u6d3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u519b\u4e8b\u5316\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u89c4\u8bad\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u96c6\u56e2\u7ed3\u5a5a\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u5a5a\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u5185\u5bb9\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u56fe\u7684\u7ed3\u5a5a\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u8ba2\u5a5a\u7684\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u867d\u975e\u540d\u6d41\uff0c\u4f46\u8bc1\u5a5a\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u201c\u989c\u60e0\u5e86\u201d\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u8457\u540d\u5916\u4ea4\u5bb6<\/p>\n

1934\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u5c40\u53d1\u8d77\u4e3e\u529e\u201c\u96c6\u56e2\u5a5a\u793c\u201d\u7684\u5021\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u62df\u5b9a\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u529e\u6cd5\u8349\u6848\u5448\u9001\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u6838\u793a\u3002\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u5c40\u66fe\u9488\u5bf9\u53d1\u8d77\u539f\u56e0\u505a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u201c\u672c\u5e02\u7ed3\u5a5a\u4eea\u5f0f\u4e4b\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u5411\u6781\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd1\u9274\u4e8e\u4e60\u4fd7\u76ca\u8d8b\u5962\u4f88\uff0c\u7ed3\u5a5a\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u52a8\u8f84\u6570\u5343\uff0c\u5e02\u6c11\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fed\u5a5a\u4e4b\u5e0c\u671b\u867d\u6bb7\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e0d\u6562\u4ee5\u8eab\u4f5c\u5219\uff0c\u60e7\u906d\u4eb2\u53cb\u4e4b\u8f7b\u89c6\u3002\u9645\u5179\u79ef\u6781\u63d0\u5021\u65b0\u751f\u6d3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u4fed\u5a5a\u5b9e\u6709\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u5021\u4e4b\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c11\u95f4\u6613\u4e8e\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u81f3\u7528\u96c6\u56e2\u7ed3\u5a5a\u5f0f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7ed3\u5a5a\u4eba\u660e\u4e86\u5176\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u5c06\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e4b\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u6269\u800c\u81f3\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u201d\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u5c40\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5021\u8bae\uff0c\u65f6\u8bc4\u4e3a\u201c\u79fb\u98ce\u6613\u4fd7\u4e4b\u5584\u4e3e\u201d\uff0c\u517c\u5177\u201c\u7ed3\u5a5a\u4f26\u5fb7\u5316\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5a5a\u59fb\u5e84\u4e25\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u7531\u5e02\u957f\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5c40\u957f\u8bc1\u5a5a\u4e00\u4e8b\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a\u5e02\u957f\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5c40\u957f\u5747\u201c\u516c\u52a1\u7e41\u5267\uff0c\u4e0d\u514b\u968f\u65f6\u8bc1\u5a5a\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e0d\u59a8\u7531\u5176\u4f59\u5404\u5c40\u957f\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4e4b\u5fb7\u9ad8\u671b\u91cd\u8005\u5206\u4efb\u5176\u52b3\u3002\u201d\u81ea\u4ece\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u5c40\u53d1\u8d77\u201c\u96c6\u56e2\u7ed3\u5a5a\u201d\u7684\u5021\u8bae\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u5404\u5730\u7eb7\u8d77\u6548\u4eff\u201d\uff0c\u5317\u5e73\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u5c40\u4e5f\u4e8e12\u670812\u65e5\u201c\u62df\u5177\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5448\u8bf7\u5e02\u5e9c\u6838\u793a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

1935\u5e742\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u201c\u5728\u6781\u5ea6\u4fed\u7ea6\u4e4b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u652f\u914d\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3e\u884c\u6781\u5ea6\u5e84\u4e25\u4e4b\u7ed3\u5a5a\u4eea\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u7b2c267\u6b21\u653f\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u5c40\u62df\u5448\u7684\u300a\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u65b0\u751f\u6d3b\u96c6\u56e2\u7ed3\u5a5a\u529e\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u6838\u793a\u540e\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5e03\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u201c\u6bcf\u6708\u7b2c\u4e00\u661f\u671f\u4e09\u4e3a\u96c6\u56e2\u5a5a\u793c\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u5927\u793c\u5802\u4e3e\u884c\u3001\u7531\u5e02\u957f\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u5c40\u957f\u8bc1\u5a5a\u201d\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u9075\u7167\u4e86\u6c11\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e5d\u767e\u516b\u5341\u4e8c\u6761\uff0c\u7531\u5e02\u957f\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5c40\u5c40\u957f\u8bc1\u5a5a\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u7a81\u7834\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u5a5a\u793c\u4e2d\u7531\u5c0a\u957f\u4e3b\u5a5a\u7684\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e3b\u5a5a\u6743\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fc7\u6e21\u2014\u2014\u7236\u6bcd\u201c\u9000\u573a\u201d\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u201c\u5728\u573a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

1935\u5e744\u67083\u65e5\u4e0b\u5348\u4e09\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u201c\u96c6\u56e2\u7ed3\u5a5a\u201d\u5728\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u5927\u793c\u5802\u5982\u671f\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u6b64\u4ea6\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6301\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4f17\u5a5a\u793c\u4e4b\u8087\u59cb\u3002\u5f53\u5929\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u5927\u95e8\u524d\u60ac\u6302\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u515a\u65d7\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u697c\u680f\u6746\u4e0a\u7f00\u624e\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u515a\u5fbd\u53ca\u515a\u56fd\u65d7\uff0c\u793c\u5802\u5185\u4e3e\u884c\u4e4b\u5a5a\u793c\u7531\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u5e02\u957f\u5434\u94c1\u57ce\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5c40\u957f\u5434\u9192\u4e9a\u8bc1\u5a5a\uff0c\u4eea\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a\u65b0\u90ce\u65b0\u5a18\u9762\u5411\u201c\u603b\u7406\u9057\u50cf\u53ca\u515a\u56fd\u65d7\u884c\u4e09\u97a0\u8eac\u793c\u201d\uff0c\u540e\u201c\u65b0\u90ce\u65b0\u5a18\u76f8\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u4e24\u97a0\u8eac\uff0c\u590d\u4f4d\uff0c\u5411\u8bc1\u5a5a\u4eba\u81f4\u656c\u793c\u4e00\u97a0\u8eac\uff0c\u5206\u7acb\u5de6\u65b9\u4e4b\u5434\u5e02\u957f\u5373\u5c06\u8bc1\u4e66\u6388\u4e88\u65b0\u90ce\uff0c\u53f3\u65b9\u4e4b\u5434\u5c40\u957f\u5c06\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7ae0\u6388\u4e88\u65b0\u5a18\uff0c\u8c22\u8bc1\u5a5a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u97a0\u8eac\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u643a\u624b\u9000\u4e0b\uff0c\u7acb\u4e8e\u89c4\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u201d\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u7531\u5e02\u957f\u5434\u94c1\u57ce\u5ba3\u8bfb\u8bc1\u8bcd\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u5e03\u53c2\u52a0\u96c6\u4f53\u5a5a\u793c\u768457\u5bf9\u65b0\u4eba\u5728\u5e02\u957f\u5434\u94c1\u57ce\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5c40\u5c40\u957f\u5434\u9192\u4e9a\u7684\u8bc1\u5a5a\u4e0b\u4f9d\u6cd5\u7ed3\u4e3a\u592b\u5987\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e1935-1949\u5e74\u300a\u7533\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u5148\u540e\u7b79\u529e\u4e86\u8fd130\u573a\u201c\u96c6\u56e2\u7ed3\u5a5a\u201d\uff0c\u4ece1935\u5e744\u67083\u65e5\u81f31937\u5e744\u67087\u65e5\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5171\u4e3e\u529e13\u573a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u3001\u56db\u3001\u516b\u3001\u5341\u3001\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u5341\u4e8c\u548c\u5341\u4e09\u5c4a\u7684\u8bc1\u5a5a\u4eba\u5747\u7531\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u957f\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5c40\u957f\u62c5\u4efb\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u3001\u516d\u3001\u4e03\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e5d\u5c4a\u56e0\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u5e02\u957f\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5c40\u957f\u5728\u5916\u53c2\u52a0\u4f1a\u8bae\u800c\u672a\u80fd\u51fa\u5e2d\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u6d3e\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5c40\u79d8\u4e66\u4ee3\u8868\u8bc1\u5a5a\u3002\u540e\u56e0\u65e5\u519b\u4fb5\u534e\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u7684\u201c\u96c6\u56e2\u7ed3\u5a5a\u201d\u88ab\u8feb\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6297\u6218\u80dc\u5229\u540e\u624d\u6062\u590d\u65e7\u5236\uff0c\u52301949\u5e74\u89e3\u653e\u524d\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

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