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\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u7684\u542c\u89c9\u6807\u5fd7<\/b><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u56fd\u65d7\u548c\u56fd\u6b4c\u520a\u8f7d\u4e8e\u6771\u4e9c\u540c\u6587\u4f1a\u7f16<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6ea5\u4eea\u524d\u534a\u751f\u7684\u5e1d\u738b\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u9996\u6b21\u7ecf\u5386\u56fd\u6b4c\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u30021911\u5e7410\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5ba3\u7edf\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u4ed6\u964d\u8c15\u5141\u51c6\u4e86\u793c\u90e8\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u5927\u6e05\u5e1d\u56fd\u56fd\u6b4c\u300a\u5de9\u91d1\u74ef\u300b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u987a\u5e94\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9996\u56fd\u6b4c\uff0c\u7531\u64c5\u957f\u6606\u66f2\u3001\u4eac\u5267\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u4e50\u5f8b\u7684\u7981\u536b\u519b\u5c06\u519b\u6ea5\u4f97\u7f16\u66f2\uff0c\u7531\u66fe\u7559\u5b66\u82f1\u4f26\u3001\u719f\u6089\u56fd\u9645\u60ef\u4f8b\u7684\u6d77\u519b\u534f\u90fd\u7edf\u4e25\u590d\u4f5c\u8bcd\u3002\u6ea5\u4eea\u5728\u8c15\u65e8\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u793c\u90e8\u594f\u672c\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u8bed\uff1a\u201c\u58f0\u8bcd\u5c1a\u5c5e\u58ee\u7f8e\uff0c\u8282\u594f\u9887\u4e3a\u53f6\u548c\u3002\u8457\u5373\u5b9a\u4e3a\u56fd\u4e50\uff0c\u4e00\u4f53\u9075\u884c\u3002\u201d \u8fd9\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u672b\u4ee3\u7687\u671d\u5f53\u65f6\u5bf9\u56fd\u6b4c\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u300a\u5de9\u91d1\u74ef\u300b\u91c7\u7528\u5927\u6e05\u5bab\u5ef7\u4e50\u5f0f\uff0c\u65cb\u5f8b\u5982\u540c\u4f5b\u7ecf\u5531\u9882\uff0c\u914d\u5927\u9f13\u64c2\u52a8\uff1b\u6b4c\u8bcd\u4ec5\u670932\u4e2a\u5b57\uff1a\u201c\u5de9\u91d1\u74ef\uff0c\u627f\u5929\u5e31\uff0c\u6c11\u7269\u6b23\u51eb\u85fb\uff0c\u559c\u540c\u888d\uff0c\u6e05\u65f6\u5e78\u906d\u3002\u771f\u7199\u76a5\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u82cd\u7a79\u4fdd\u3002\u5929\u9ad8\u9ad8\uff0c\u6d77\u6ed4\u6ed4\u3002\u201d\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u516d\u5929\u540e\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5927\u6e05\u5e1d\u56fd\u968f\u540e\u5d29\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u9996\u6700\u77ed\u547d\u7684\u56fd\u6b4c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52301932\u5e74\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u9996\u56fd\u6b4c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u8d21\u732e\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f5c\u66f2\u5bb6\u5c71\u7530\u8015\u7b70\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u52a9\u529b\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u62e5\u6709\u56fd\u6b4c\u7684\u4e9a\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u56fd\u6b4c\u300a\u541b\u4e4b\u4ee3\u300b\u6b4c\u8bcd\u53d6\u81ea\u300a\u53e4\u4eca\u548c\u6b4c\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u7531\u96c5\u4e50\u6f14\u594f\u8005\u6797\u5e83\u5b88\u4f5c\u66f2\uff0c\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8e\u660e\u6cbb\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081880\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u5236\u5b9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u542c\u89c9\u6807\u5fd7\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u3002\u800c\u5c71\u7530\u8015\u7b70\u66fe\u53d7\u4e09\u83f1\u8d22\u9600\u5ca9\u5d0e\u5c0f\u5f25\u592a\u8d44\u52a9\u5230\u67cf\u6797\u7687\u5bb6\u827a\u672f\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u4e60\u4f5c\u66f2\uff0c1914\u5e74\u5b66\u6210\u5f52\u6765\u540e\u62c5\u4efb\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u4e1c\u4eac\u7231\u4e50\u4e50\u56e2\u6307\u6325\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32\u53e4\u5178\u97f3\u4e50\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u63a8\u624b\u4e4b\u4e00\u30021924\u5e74\u4ed6\u4e0e\u8fd1\u885b\u79c0\u9ebf\u53ec\u96c6\u4e86\u54c8\u5c14\u6ee8\u4e2d\u4e1c\u94c1\u8def\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u4ea4\u54cd\u4e50\u56e2\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e50\u624b\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u4e50\u624b\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86\u201c\u65e5\u4fc4\u53cb\u597d\u4ea4\u54cd\u4e50\u6f14\u594f\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u4ea4\u54cd\u4e50\u534f\u4f1a\uff08NHK\u4ea4\u54cd\u4e50\u56e2\u524d\u8eab\uff09\uff1b\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u5927\u6b63\u65f6\u4ee3\u65e5\u672c\u201c\u7ae5\u8c23\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c1927\u5e74\u4e3a\u4e09\u6728\u9732\u98a8\u7684\u8bd7\u4f5c\u8c31\u66f2\uff0c\u6210\u5c31\u4e86\u4f20\u5531\u4e45\u8fdc\u7684\u7ae5\u8c23\u300a\u7ea2\u873b\u8713\u300b\u3002\u5c71\u7530\u8015\u7b70\u4f5c\u66f2\u7c7b\u578b\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u7ba1\u5f26\u4e50\u3001\u6b4c\u5267\u548c\u6d41\u884c\u66f2\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f53\u65f6\u4ea4\u7ed9\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u652f\u4ea4\u54cd\u66f2\uff0c\u800c\u8bcd\u4f5c\u5219\u7531\u524d\u6e05\u9057\u8001\u3001\u6ea5\u4eea\u7684\u201c\u5e1d\u5e08\u201d\u3001\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u9996\u4efb\u56fd\u52a1\u603b\u7406\u90d1\u5b5d\u80e5\u6267\u7b14\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5730\u8f9f\u516e\u5929\u5f00\uff0c\u677e\u4e4b\u6daf\u516e\u767d\u4e4b\u9688\u3002
\n\u6211\u4f38\u5927\u4e49\u516e\uff0c\u7ef3\u4e8e\u7956\u6b66\uff1b
\n\u6211\u884c\u535a\u7231\u516e\uff0c\u6000\u4e8e\u4e5d\u5793\u3002
\n\u5584\u5b88\u56fd\u516e\u4ee5\u4ec1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5584\u5b88\u516e\u4ee5\u5175\u3002
\n\u5929\u4e0d\u7231\u9053\uff0c\u5730\u4e0d\u7231\u5b9d\uff0c\u8d27\u6076\u5176\u5f03\u4e8e\u5730\u516e\u732e\u8bf8\u82cd\u660a\u3002
\n\u4f55\u975e\u6a2a\u76ee\u4e4b\u6c11\u516e\u795d\u6b64\u6d69\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5927\u540c\u5143\u5e74\u662d\u548c\u4e03\u5e74\u4e5d\u6708\u5341\u4e94\u65e5\uff0c\u51fa\u4efb\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u603b\u7406\u7684\u90d1\u5b5d\u80e5\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7279\u547d\u5168\u6743\u5927\u4f7f\u6b66\u85e4\u4fe1\u7fa9\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u65e5\u6e80\u8b70\u5b9a\u66f8\u300b\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8d28\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n

\u5982\u6b64\u201c\u5178\u4e3d\u77de\u7687\u201d\u7684\u6587\u8f9e\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1\u300a\u5de9\u91d1\u74ef\u300b\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f70\u663e\u4e86\u90d1\u5b5d\u80e5\u7684\u65e7\u5b66\u529f\u5e95\u548c\u201c\u4e0d\u8d30\u4e4b\u81e3\u201d\u7684\u803f\u803f\u5fe0\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u672c\u771f\u6027\u201d\u673a\u5236\u5728\u542c\u89c9\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u5b83\u6307\u8ba4\u4e86\u6d2a\u8352\u4e4b\u529b\u9020\u5c31\u7684\u7586\u57df\u5730\u6807\u677e\u82b1\u6c5f\u548c\u957f\u767d\u5c71\uff0c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u6ee1\u6d32\u7956\u5148\u7684\u4f1f\u4e1a\u4e30\u529f\uff0c\u4ee5\u535a\u7231\u5bbd\u539a\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u4ec1\u5b66\u6339\u6ce8\u201c\u738b\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u8d85\u7136\u7269\u5916\u7684\u9053\u5bb6\u5fc3\u6027\u8d5e\u7f8e\u5c5e\u4e0b\u5b50\u6c11\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u6df1\u5965\u7684\u6587\u8a00\u6587\u4e0d\u6613\u4f20\u5531\uff0c\u800c\u5c71\u7530\u8015\u7b70\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u534e\u5c14\u5179\u7684\u4e09\u62cd\u5b50\uff0c\u8282\u594f\u62d6\u6c93\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u6fc0\u594b\u4eba\u5fc3\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6b4c\u8bcd\u4e2d\u201c\u5584\u5b88\u56fd\u516e\u4ee5\u4ec1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5584\u5b88\u516e\u4ee5\u5175\u201d\u4e00\u53e5\uff0c\u89e6\u72af\u4e86\u5173\u4e1c\u519b\u7684\u519b\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5fcc\u8bb3\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u88ab1933\u5e74\u7684\u65b0\u7248\u53d6\u4ee3\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5929\u5730\u5185\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u65b0\u6ee1\u6d32\u3002
\n\u65b0\u6ee1\u6d32\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u65b0\u5929\u5730\u3002
\n\u9876\u5929\u7acb\u5730\uff0c\u65e0\u82e6\u65e0\u5fe7\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6211\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002
\n\u53ea\u6709\u4eb2\u7231\u5e76\u65e0\u6028\u4ec7\uff0c
\n\u4eba\u6c11\u4e09\u5343\u4e07\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e09\u5343\u4e07\uff0c
\n\u7eb5\u52a0\u5341\u500d\u4e5f\u5f97\u81ea\u7531\u3002
\n\u91cd\u4ec1\u4e49\uff0c\u5c1a\u793c\u8ba9\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u8eab\u4fee\uff1b
\n\u5bb6\u5df2\u9f50\uff0c\u56fd\u5df2\u6cbb\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u4f55\u6c42\u3002
\n\u8fd1\u4e4b\u5219\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u540c\u5316\uff0c\u8fdc\u4e4b\u5219\u4e0e\u5929\u5730\u540c\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u7248\u5b8c\u5168\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u6d45\u663e\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u767d\u8bdd\u6587\uff0c\u6b4c\u8bcd\u610f\u8574\u4e0e\u65e7\u7248\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u8868\u8fbe\u76f8\u5dee\u751a\u8fdc\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u4e09\u4f4d\u5728\u6ee1\u65e5\u672c\u97f3\u4e50\u4eba\u9ad8\u6d25\u654f\u3001\u5712\u5c71\u6c11\u5e73\u3001\u6751\u5ca1\u697d\u7ae5\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u66f2\uff0c\u5411\u90d1\u5b5d\u80e5\u81ea\u8350\u800c\u88ab\u91c7\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u6b4c\u8bcd\u4ecd\u8bf7\u90d1\u5b5d\u80e5\u64b0\u5199\u3002\u97f3\u4e50\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u5e84\u4e25\u8083\u7a46\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5408\u5531\u6b4c\u66f2\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u8f6c\u8c03\u548c\u8282\u594f\u7684\u8d77\u4f0f\uff0c\u65cb\u5f8b\u6b22\u5feb\u3001\u660e\u4eae\u3001\u4e50\u89c2\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b4c\u8bcd\u4e92\u4e3a\u5951\u5408\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5171\u548c\u653f\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5b83\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u52301942\u5e74\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5c11\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u5f3a\u884c\u690d\u5165\u7684\u542c\u89c9\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u300a\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u56fd\u6b4c\u300b\uff0c1933\u5e74\u3002\u4f5c\u66f2\uff1a\u9ad8\u6d25\u654f\u3001\u5712\u5c71\u6c11\u5e73\u3001\u6751\u5ca1\u697d\u7ae5\uff1b\u4f5c\u8bcd\uff1a\u90d1\u5b5d\u80e5<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6ee1\u8499\u5730\u533a\u8fd8\u505c\u7559\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u620f\u66f2\u548c\u6c11\u95f4\u97f3\u4e50\u6240\u4e3b\u5bb0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u897f\u6d0b\u5316\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u542c\u89c9\u751f\u4ea7\u5c1a\u672a\u5f00\u59cb\u5927\u91cf\u4f20\u5165\u3002\u6ee1\u65cf\u7684\u201c\u5012\u74e6\u5587\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6731\u8d64\u6e29\u201d\u3001\u8428\u6ee1\u795e\u6b4c\u3001\u5c0f\u5531\u3001\u513f\u6b4c\u8fd8\u5728\u4f20\u5531\uff1b\u8499\u53e4\u65cf\u7684\u201c\u597d\u6765\u5b9d\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9a6c\u4e0a\u7435\u7436\u201d\uff08\u706b\u4e0d\u601d\uff09\u4ecd\u6709\u4f59\u97f5\uff1b\u8d6b\u54f2\u65cf\u7684\u201c\u5ac1\u4ee4\u9614\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4f0a\u739b\u582a\u201d\u56e0\u4eba\u53e3\u89c4\u6a21\u5c40\u9650\u800c\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u4f46\u5e76\u672a\u505c\u6b62\u4f20\u627f\uff1b\u7531\u201c\u95ef\u5173\u4e1c\u201d\u7684\u6c49\u65cf\u79fb\u6c11\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u83b2\u82b1\u843d\u3001\u79e7\u6b4c\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u53f7\u5b50\u3001\u53eb\u5356\u8c03\u3001\u65f6\u8c03\u3001\u5c0f\u66f2\u3001\u6886\u5b50\u3001\u5760\u5b50\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5230\u5904\u6d41\u64ad\uff0c\u897f\u6cb3\u5927\u9f13\u3001\u4e50\u4ead\u5927\u9f13\u3001\u4eac\u97f5\u5927\u9f13\u4e5f\u6b63\u5728\u884d\u6210\u4e1c\u5317\u5927\u9f13\uff1b\u6e05\u672b\u725b\u5b50\u539a\u4ece\u5317\u4eac\u79d1\u73ed\u201c\u559c\u8fde\u6210\u201d\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u4eac\u5267\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u4f17\u5316\u7684\u8336\u56ed\u8868\u6f14\u5df2\u7ecf\u624e\u6839\u6df1\u539a\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u521d\u5e74\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u8bc4\u5267\u4e5f\u6b63\u65b9\u5174\u672a\u827e\uff1b\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u201c\u4e8c\u4eba\u8f6c\u201d\uff08\u8e66\u8e66\u620f\uff09\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u5f0f\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u70ed\u95f9\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u97f3\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ddf\u968f\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u800c\u6765\u7684\u897f\u6d0b\u97f3\u4e50\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u9650\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5b64\u5c9b\u5f0f\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4ece\u201c\u672c\u771f\u6027\u201d\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u56fd\u6b4c\u7684\u6b4c\u8bcd\u662f\u7a7a\u6d1e\u6d6e\u6cdb\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u4e00\u9996\u56fd\u6b4c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5bb9\u91cf\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\uff0c\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u57281932\u5e744\u6708\u56fd\u8054\u8c03\u67e5\u56e2\u62b5\u8fbe\u4e1c\u5317\u540e\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u300a\u6ee1\u6d32\u5efa\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u300b\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u79f0\u4e0d\u4e0a\u8be6\u5c3d\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u6bd4\u8f83\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u201c\u4e3b\u6743\u8bba\u8ff0\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5e74\u7531\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u5355\u884c\u672c\u51fa\u7248\u65f6\u9898\u76ee\u6539\u4e3a\u300a\u6ee1\u6d32\u5efa\u56fd\u6eaf\u6e90\u53f2\u7565\u300b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c01\u9762\u6709\u90d1\u5b5d\u80e5\u7684\u9898\u5b57\u548c\u5370\u7ae0\uff0c \u4ed6\u88ab\u5f88\u591a\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8bef\u5224\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u6ee1\u6d32\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3001\u300a\u76db\u4eac\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u8bb0\u8005\u5712\u7530\u4e00\u4e80\u63a5\u53d7\u65e5\u672c\u5173\u4e1c\u519b\u53f8\u4ee4\u672c\u5e84\u7e41\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7528\u65e5\u6587\u5148\u5199\u6210\u518d\u8bd1\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\u548c\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u3002 \u5b83\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u53f2\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bba\u8bc1\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u4e0e\u675c\u8d5e\u5947\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u5c5e\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u90d1\u5b5d\u80e5\u4e3a\u5712\u7530\u4e00\u4e80\u6240\u64b0\u300a\u6ee1\u6d32\u5efa\u56fd\u6eaf\u6e90\u53f2\u7565\u300b\u5c01\u9762\u9898\u7b7e<\/p>\n

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\u540e\u9762\u8fd9\u53e5\uff0c\u8fde\u540c\u6587\u4e2d\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u201c\u6ee1\u6d32\u95e8\u7f57\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08\u6ee1\u6d32\u662f\u6ee1\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u6ee1\u6d32\uff09\u53ea\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u5f53\u65f6\u56fd\u9645\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u800c\u5e76\u975e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5173\u4e1c\u519b\u6240\u52a8\u5458\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u610f\u4ee3\u8868\u201d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u7684\u4eb2\u65e5\u6d3e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ece1932\u5e743\u67089\u65e5\u6ee1\u94c1\u6240\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u6ea5\u4eea\u5c31\u804c\u5178\u793c\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u4e2d\u5c31\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u5b9e\u8bc1\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5217\u5e2d\u8005\u5be5\u5be5\uff0c\u5e86\u795d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u7a00\u843d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1932\u5e74\u6ea5\u4eea\u5c31\u4efb\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u6267\u653f\u5408\u5f71<\/p>\n

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\u53cc\u65b9\u4f9d\u9760\u6fc0\u8fa9\u201c\u672c\u771f\u6027\u201d\u6240\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u4e89\u593a\uff0c\u57281932\u5e7410\u67082\u65e5\u5c18\u57c3\u843d\u5b9a\u3002\u56fd\u8054\u8c03\u67e5\u56e2\u53d1\u8868\u5341\u4e07\u591a\u5b57\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u88c1\u5b9a\u65e5\u672c\u4e3a\u4fb5\u7565\u8005\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd1933\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\u56fd\u6b4c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u6267\u7740\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u201c\u672c\u771f\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u653e\u773c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u767d\u8bdd\u6587\u6b4c\u8bcd\u6765\u652f\u6301\u65e5\u672c\u51b3\u5b9a\u9000\u51fa\u56fd\u8054\u7684\u4e00\u610f\u5b64\u884c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4e89\u8bae\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u4e5f\u5378\u4e0b\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u57281934\u5e74\u628a\u56fd\u4f53\u6539\u4e3a\u5e1d\u5236\uff0c\u6ea5\u4eea\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u507f\u5919\u613f\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7687\u5e1d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1934\u5e74\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7687\u5e1d\u767b\u57fa\u5927\u5178\u4e0a\u7684\u56fd\u52a1\u603b\u7406\u5927\u81e3\u90d1\u5b5d\u80e5<\/p>\n

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\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\u56fd\u6b4c\uff0c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u957f\u7684\u30021942\u5e74\uff0c\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u5728\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7687\u5e1d\u767b\u57fa\u516b\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u3001\u5efa\u56fd\u5341\u5468\u5e74\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u53c8\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u7248\u56fd\u6b4c\u3002\u8fd9\u7248\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u7531\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u56fd\u52a1\u603b\u7406\u5f20\u666f\u6075\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7684\u8d77\u8349\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7531\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u603b\u52a1\u5385\u5f18\u62a5\u5904\u5904\u957f\u6b66\u85e4\u5bcc\u7537\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u5148\u662f\u96c6\u4f53\u8d77\u8349\u4e86\u65e5\u8bed\u548c\u6c49\u8bed\u6b4c\u8bcd\uff0c\u518d\u7531\u5c71\u7530\u8015\u7b70\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u65e5\u672c\u97f3\u4e50\u5de8\u5320\u4fe1\u6642\u6f54\u8054\u5408\u4f5c\u66f2\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6b4c\u8bcd\u8fd8\u662f\u97f3\u4e50\uff0c\u90fd\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5f52\u4e86\u5e1d\u56fd\u5f0f\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u98ce\u683c\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u795e\u5149\u5f00\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u8868\u91cc\u5c71\u6cb3\u58ee\u7687\u7337\u3002
\n\u5e1d\u5fb7\u4e4b\u9686\uff0c\u5dcd\u5dcd\u8361\u8361\u83ab\u4e0e\u4fe6\u3002
\n\u6c38\u53d7\u5929\u795c\u516e\uff0c\u4e07\u5bff\u65e0\u7586\u8584\u6d77\u8bb4\u3002
\n\u4ef0\u8d5e\u5929\u4e1a\u516e\uff0c\u8f89\u714c\u65e5\u6708\u4f94\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6ee1\u6d32\u6469\u767b\u4e0e\u56fd\u7b56\u4e4b\u97f3<\/b><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u5ca1\u7530\u4e09\u90ce\u52a91936\u5e74\u4e3a\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u603b\u52a1\u5385\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u58c1\u753b\u201c\u738b\u9053\u4e50\u571f\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd1942\u5e74\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u201c\u5efa\u56fd\u5341\u5468\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u201d\u90ae\u7968\u7684\u56fe\u6848<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u4e1c\u4e9a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u201d\u84dd\u56fe\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5230\u5904\u4e3a\u672c\u571f\u6027\u7559\u6709\u7f1d\u9699\u6c14\u53e3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7167\u987e\u6ea5\u4eea\u7684\u5e1d\u5236\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5438\u7eb3\u90d1\u5b5d\u80e5\u7684\u5112\u5b66\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u796d\u5b54\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u4e50\u793e\u6f14\u594f\u71d5\u4e50\u548c\u96c5\u4e50\uff0c\u628a\u8428\u6ee1\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u6c11\u95f4\u4fe1\u4ef0\u89c6\u4e3a\u73cd\u8d35\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u91cd\u89c6\u519c\u57a6\u62d3\u8352\u548c\u4e61\u571f\u5efa\u8bbe\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6218\u4e89\u5371\u673a\u7206\u53d1\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u7684\u786e\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5bcc\u6709\u5730\u57df\u72ec\u5f02\u6027\u7684\u65b0\u6c14\u8c61\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u524d\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u672c\u571f\u2014\u2014\u672c\u6587\u59d1\u4e14\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u6ee1\u6d32\u6469\u767b\u201d(Manchurian Modern)\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u9a76\u5165\u6ee1\u6d32\u65f7\u91ce\u7684\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u53f7\u7279\u5feb\u5217\u8f66<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u4f0a\u85e4\u9806\u4e09\uff0c\u6000\u62b1\u7f94\u7f8a\u7684\u8499\u53e4\u5e03\u91cc\u4e9a\u7279\u65cf(Buryat)\u5973\u6027<\/p>\n

\u6ee1\u94c1\u6d77\u62a5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u4f0a\u85e4\u9806\u4e09\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u7f8e\u5b66\u53d6\u5411\u6240\u5851\u9020\u7684\u6ee1\u6d32\u7f8e\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4f53\u8d28\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u955c\u5934\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u7530\u91ce\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u7684\u3001\u62bd\u79bb\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u3001\u51dd\u805a\u7740\u73b0\u4ee3\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u201c\u6ee1\u6d32\u5a18\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6ee1\u94c1\u6295\u653e\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u8f7d\u4f53\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6709\u58f0\u7535\u5f71\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u542c\u5a92\u4ecb\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c \u201c\u6ee1\u6d32\u5a18\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u751f\u4ea7\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u7acb\u4f53\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u626e\u6f14\u8005\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u7684\u5934\u53f7\u660e\u661f\u2014\u2014\u674e\u9999\u5170\u3002<\/p>\n

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\"\u674e\u9999\u5170:\u674e\u9999\u5170,\u539f\u540d\u5c71\u53e3\u6dd1\u5b50,\u56e0\u8eab\u4efd\u9519\u4f4d\u6210\u4e3a\u4f2a\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8c61\u5f81,\u4ee5\"<\/p>\n

\u300a\u591c\u6765\u9999\u300b\u6f14\u5531\uff1a\u674e\u9999\u5170<\/p>\n

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\u674e\u9999\u5170\u5728\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u5f55\u5236\u7684\u6b4c\u66f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u53e4\u8cc0\u5171\u5305\u529e\u4e86\u5341\u591a\u9996\u7684\u4f5c\u66f2\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u4e94\u5343\u591a\u9996\u6b4c\u66f2\u4e2d\u4ec5\u5360\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u65e5\u672c\u6d41\u884c\u97f3\u4e50\u5b97\u5e08\u670d\u90e8\u826f\u4e00\u4e3a\u674e\u9999\u5170\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u6b4c\u66f2\uff0c\u6218\u524d\u548c\u6218\u540e\u52a0\u8d77\u6765\u4e5f\u63a5\u8fd1\u5341\u9996\u3002 \u57281936\u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u90e8\u5f7b\u5e95\u638c\u6743\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u5531\u7247\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u4e86\u6218\u65f6\u4f53\u5236\u30021940\u5e74\uff0c\u53e4\u8cc0\u3001\u670d\u90e8\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u8457\u540d\u8bd7\u4eba\u3001\u8bcd\u4f5c\u8005\u4f50\u85e4\u516b\u90ce\u90fd\u662f\u53e4\u4f26\u7f8e\u4e9a\u7684\u7b7e\u7ea6\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e94\u8981\u6c42\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e24\u9996\u5ba3\u4f20\u201c\u65e5\u6ee1\u652f\u4eb2\u5584\u201d\u56fd\u7b56\u7684\u65e5\u8bed\u6b4c\u66f2\uff0c\u7531\u53e4\u4f26\u7f8e\u4e9a\u704c\u5f55\u6210\u5531\u7247\u53d1\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4f20\u64ad\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5747\u8d28\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u97f3\u4e50\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u4f20\u64ad\u4e0e\u6b96\u6c11\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u5b89\u9053(Andrew F. Jones)\u5bf9\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u8fc7\u8d28\u7591\u3002\u4ed6\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e861887\u5e74\u67cf\u6797\u7eb3(Emil Berliner)\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u80f6\u866b\u5531\u7247\u4f20\u5165\u4e0a\u6d77\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb6\u5531\u7247\u516c\u53f8\u4e1c\u65b9\u767e\u4ee3(Path\u00e9 Orient)\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u5b83\u662f1908\u5e74\u7531\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u4e50\u6ee8\u751f(Frenchman E.Labansat)\u9760\u8fdb\u53e3\u7559\u58f0\u673a\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u8d22\u5bcc\u540e\u6210\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6302\u9760\u6cd5\u56fd\u767e\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u5c55\u58ee\u5927\uff0c1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5531\u7247\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5e76\u5236\u4f5c\u751f\u4ea7\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u672c\u5730\u97f3\u4e50\u5531\u7247\u3002\u5b89\u9053\u7279\u522b\u63d0\u5230\u5728\u6b64\u5531\u7247\u4e1a\u7684\u5174\u76db\u671f\uff0c\u94b1\u5e7f\u4ec11927\u5e74\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u65b0\u6708\u5531\u7247\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5f55\u5236\u859b\u89c9\u5148\u3001\u65b0\u9a6c\u5e08\u66fe\u7684\u7ca4\u66f2\u5531\u7247\uff0c \u4ee5\u53ca1930\u5e74\u4ee3\u5de6\u7ffc\u97f3\u4e50\u5bb6\u5229\u7528\u5531\u7247\u4e1a\u4ecb\u5165\u73b0\u5b9e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u53cd\u601d\u201c\u5747\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u201d\u7684\u8bba\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u7167\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5531\u7247\u4e1a\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u53e4\u8cc0\u548c\u670d\u90e8\u6240\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u53e4\u4f26\u7f8e\u4e9a\u662f\u4e9a\u6d32\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb6\u5531\u7247\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e1896\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u970d\u6069(F.W.Horn)\u5728\u6a2a\u6ee8\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9500\u552e\u7559\u58f0\u673a\u83b7\u5229\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u5f55\u5236\u5531\u7247\uff0c1910\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u65e5\u672c\u84c4\u97f3\u5668\u5546\u4f1a(\u65e5\u84c4\uff0cNipponophone)\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5e76\u8d2d\u540c\u7c7b\u516c\u53f8\u9010\u6e10\u58ee\u5927\uff0c1928\u5e74\u5411\u82f1\u3001\u7f8eColumbia\u501f\u58f3\uff0c\u8f6c\u578b\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u53e4\u4f26\u7f8e\u4e9a\u3002\u65e5\u84c4\u5728\u5531\u7247\u5305\u88c5\u4e0a\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u6807\u5fd7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5728\u503e\u542c\u7559\u58f0\u673a\u7684\u4f5b\u50cf\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86His Master\u2019s Voice\u7684\u5c0f\u72d7\u5c3c\u73c0(Nipper)\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u8c03\u672c\u571f\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u201c\u5f62\u8c61\u653f\u6cbb\u201d(image politics)\u3002 \u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u542c\u89c9\u751f\u4ea7\u6d88\u8d39\u8303\u56f4\u90fd\u5f88\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u7559\u58f0\u673a\u548c\u5531\u7247\u53ea\u6709\u6743\u8d35\u548c\u5bcc\u88d5\u5bb6\u5ead\u4eab\u7528\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u624d\u53d8\u5f97\u5927\u4f17\u5316\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u653e\u9001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u7acb\u4e8e1925\u5e74\uff1b\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u540e\u76841933\u5e74\uff0c\u5b83\u53c8\u5728\u65b0\u4eac\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u6ee1\u6d32\u7535\u4fe1\u7535\u8bdd\u682a\u5f0f\u4f1a\u793e\uff0c\u5728\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u5341\u4e03\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u5730\u533a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u653e\u9001\u5c40\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7535\u53f0\u4e0d\u8bb8\u79c1\u8425\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5a92\u4f53\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u653e\u9001\u5a31\u4e50\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u674e\u9999\u5170\u5728\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5531\u7247\u4e3b\u8981\u548c\u5e1d\u84c4\u3001\u53e4\u4f26\u7f8e\u4e9a\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u8981\u542c\u547d\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u90e8\u7684\u6218\u65f6\u56fd\u7b56\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5236\u4f5c\u5ba3\u4f20\u6b4c\u66f2\uff0c\u4ee5\u5a31\u4e50\u7684\u5305\u88c5\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u5bb6\u5a92\u4f53\u653e\u9001\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5531\u7247\u4e1a\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8f93\u9001\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u57fa\u5e95\u5dee\u5f02\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u8981\u6c42\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u5916\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u8d8b\u540c\u7edf\u4e00\u8fdc\u975e\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1939\u5e74\uff0c\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u7684\u7535\u53f0\u542c\u4f17\u5df2\u8fbe88876\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u6ee1\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u53ea\u5360\u5f88\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7535\u53f0\u662f\u6536\u8d39\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u6237\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u6536\u542c\u8d39\u4e3a\u4e00\u5143\uff0c\u542c\u4f17\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u9500\u552e\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u6536\u97f3\u673a<\/p>\n

\u53e4\u8cc0\u653f\u7537\u548c\u670d\u90e8\u826f\u4e00\u662f\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u201c\u662d\u548c\u6b4c\u8c23\u201d(Kayokyoku)\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u5960\u57fa\u8005\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u53e4\u8cc0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e94\u58f0\u97f3\u9636(Yonanuki)\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u72ec\u521b\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u201c\u53e4\u8d3a\u65cb\u5f8b\u201d\uff0c\u5584\u4e8e\u5e26\u52a8\u611f\u6000\u5fe7\u4f24\u3001\u60b2\u621a\u6c89\u90c1\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u5524\u8d77\u5e7d\u8fdc\u4e61\u6101\u7684\u60c5\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u8fa8\u8bc6\u201c\u662d\u548c\u6b4c\u8c23\u201d\u7684\u542c\u89c9\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6000\u8fdc\u8ffd\u65e7\u7684\u6c14\u8d28\u5e76\u975e\u8001\u7248\u6d6a\u6f2b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u56de\u5149\u8fd4\u7167\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u65f6\u4ee3\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u88ab\u50ac\u8feb\u53d8\u5f02\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u533a\u57df\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5343\u5dee\u4e07\u522b\u7684\u5168\u7403\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u533a\u57df\u5904\u4e8e\u5e73\u884c\u5171\u65f6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u67d0\u4e00\u5148\u53d1\u533a\u57df\u6240\u7edf\u6444\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e09\u3001\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f60\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u542c\u5230\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u201c\u6447\u6446\u201d(Swing)\u3001\u201c\u5e03\u5409\u4e4c\u5409\u201d(Boogie Woogie)\u3001\u201c\u5927\u4e50\u961f\u7235\u58eb\u201d(Big Band)\u6216\u201c\u6bd4\u6ce2\u666e\u201d(Bebop)\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u542c\u89c9\u8bb0\u5fc6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e3b\u8981\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u662d\u548c\u6b4c\u8c23\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u5c5e\u897f\u6d0b\u548c\u4e1c\u6d0b\u4e24\u79cd\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u542c\u89c9\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u97f3\u4e50\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5531\u7247\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u7535\u53f0\u5e7f\u64ad\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5a92\u4ecb\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u8d8a\u5883\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5b83\u5374\u88ab\u65e5\u672c\u7981\u4e3a\u201c\u654c\u6027\u97f3\u4e50\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u73b0\u4ee3\u4f20\u64ad\u5a92\u4ecb\u90fd\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u6765\u670d\u52a1\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6b96\u6c11\u548c\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u672c\u571f\u542c\u89c9\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u57281941\u5e74\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5c01\u9501\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u5389\uff0c\u50cf\u670d\u90e8\u8fd9\u6837\u5bf9\u897f\u6d0b\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d41\u884c\u4e50\u6df1\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4f5c\u66f2\u5bb6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5230\u4e86\u6218\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u91ca\u653e\u4ed6\u5728\u7235\u58eb\u4e50\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u662d\u548c\u6b4c\u8c23\u201d\u662f\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u6280\u672f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5f25\u6563\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u542c\u89c9\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u3001\u5171\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u6d77\u5916\u6b96\u6c11\u3001\u591a\u56fd\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u4e9a\u7ec6\u4e9a\u53f7\u3001\u6ee1\u94c1\u7f8e\u4eba\u3001\u9ed1\u767d\u6709\u58f0\u7535\u5f71\u3001\u674e\u9999\u5170\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u540c\u6784\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea0\u7f20\u4ea4\u67d3\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u65f6\u7a7a\u4f53\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0e\u522b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u57df\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ee1\u6d32\u5531\u6b4c\u4e0e\u4e61\u571f\u5730\u7406<\/b><\/p>\n

\u674e\u9999\u5170\u662f\u9762\u5bb9\u59e3\u597d\u3001\u55d3\u97f3\u67d4\u7f8e\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u58f0\u4f18\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5979\u548c\u53e4\u8cc0\u653f\u7537\u3001\u670d\u90e8\u826f\u4e00\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e55\u540e\u7684\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u90fd\u88ab\u56fd\u5bb6\u52a8\u5458\u673a\u5236\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e86\u7531\u8877\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u88ab\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u56fe\u3001\u6218\u4e89\u7b56\u7565\u53ca\u6b96\u6c11\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6240\u5f62\u5851\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0e\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u53d1\u81ea\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u771f\u8bda\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u8868\u8fbe\u6240\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u674e\u9999\u5170\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u5224\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u8d77\u4f0f\uff0c\u4e3a\u5979\u4f5c\u66f2\u586b\u8bcd\u7684\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u770b\u6e05\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8ff7\u969c\uff0c\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u70ed\u60c5\u88ab\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u7528\u3002\u5728\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u7684\u542c\u89c9\u9057\u4ea7\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4\u674e\u9999\u5170\u7684\u6b4c\u66f2\u79cd\u7c7b\u66f4\u591a\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u201c\u6ee1\u6d32\u5531\u6b4c\u201d(Manchu Sh\u014dka)\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u6000\u6709\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u51b2\u52a8\u6295\u8eab\u6ee1\u6d32\u70ed\u571f\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u7cbe\u82f1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5f70\u663e\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u88ab\u5982\u6b64\u533a\u522b\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6ee1\u6d32\u5531\u6b4c\u201d\u63071924\u5e74\u81f31945\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u6ee1\u6d32\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\u97f3\u4e50\u79d1\u6240\u6559\u5531\u7684\u6b4c\u66f2\u3002\u5b83\u8d77\u6e90\u81ea\u660e\u6cbb\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u97f3\u4e50\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u201c\u5531\u6b4c\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u660e\u6cbb\u4e94\u5e74(1872\u5e74)\u65e5\u672c\u300a\u5b66\u5236\u300b\u9881\u5e03\u540e\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821\u97f3\u4e50\u79d1\u76ee\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u30021879\u5e74\u4e13\u95e8\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u6587\u90e8\u7701\u673a\u6784\u201c\u97f3\u4e50\u8c03\u7814\u90e8\u201d\uff0c\u57281881\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u6559\u6750\u300a\u5c0f\u5b66\u5531\u6b4c\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u201c\u5531\u6b4c\u201d\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u79d1\u76ee\u3002\u53d7\u660e\u6cbb\u65f6\u4ee3\u897f\u5316\u98ce\u6c14\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u6559\u6750\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u5916\u56fd\u6b4c\u66f2\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u65e5\u8bed\u586b\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u300a\u5b66\u5236\u300b\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6761\u94c1\u8def\u5728\u4e1c\u4eac\u4e0e\u6a2a\u6ee8\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u8f66\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0\u63a8\u884c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u201c\u6b96\u7523\u8208\u696d\u201d\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9a84\u4eba\u6210\u679c\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u79c1\u94c1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u67b6\u8bbe\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u94c1\u8def\u9aa8\u5e72\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c1906\u5e74\u5b9e\u884c\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc71894-1895\u5e74\u7684\u65e5\u6e05\u6218\u4e89\u548c1904-1905\u5e74\u7684\u65e5\u4fc4\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6253\u8d25\u4e86\u6b27\u4e9a\u5927\u9646\u4e0a\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u53f0\u6e7e\u3001\u6f8e\u6e56\u3001\u8fbd\u4e1c\u534a\u5c9b\u3001\u671d\u9c9c\u534a\u5c9b\u3001\u6866\u592a\u5c9b\u5357\u534a\u90e8\u548c\u4e2d\u4e1c\u94c1\u8def\u5357\u6ee1\u652f\u7ebf\u7684\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u56fd\u529b\u5f97\u5230\u660e\u8bc1\uff0c\u56fd\u8fd0\u5f00\u59cb\u5174\u9686\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ddf\u4e0a\u65f6\u52bf\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u5f00\u59cb\u5f3a\u5316\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5531\u6b4c\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u4eb2\u548c\u529b\u548c\u611f\u67d3\u529b\u7684\u542c\u89c9\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u94c1\u8def\u65c5\u884c\u6307\u5357\u6765\u666e\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u5730\u7406\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u65b0\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff09\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5927\u548c\u7530\u5efa\u6a39\uff0c\u300e\u5730\u7406\u6559\u80b2\u9244\u9053\u5531\u6b4c\u300f\u7b2c\u4e00\u96c6 (\u5927\u962a\uff1a\u4e09\u6728\u4f50\u52a9\uff0c\u660e\u6cbb\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\/1900\u5e74\uff09<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5927\u548c\u7530\u5efa\u6a39\uff0c\u300e\u6e80\u97d3\u9244\u9053\u5531\u6b4c\u300f\uff08\u6771\u4eac\uff1a\u91d1\u6e2f\u5802\uff0c\u660e\u6cbb\u4e09\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\/1906\u5e74\uff09<\/p>\n

1900\u5e74\uff0c\u4e1c\u4eac\u9ad8\u7b49\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u9000\u4f11\u6559\u6388\u3001\u8bd7\u4eba\u5927\u548c\u7530\u5efa\u6a39\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e94\u518c\u7684\u300a\u5730\u7406\u6559\u80b2\u94c1\u9053\u5531\u6b4c\u300b\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u94c1\u8def\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u5206\u4e3a\u4e1c\u6d77\u9053\u3001\u5c71\u9633\u4e0e\u4e5d\u5dde\u3001\u4e1c\u5317\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u5317\u9646\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u757f\u5185\u4e94\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u521b\u4f5c\u6b4c\u8bcd\uff0c\u9080\u8bf7\u4e86\u4e03\u4f4d\u97f3\u4e50\u4eba\u8c31\u66f2\uff0c \u8fd9\u5957\u6b4c\u672c\u98ce\u9761\u4e00\u65f6\uff0c\u88ab\u63a8\u8350\u7ed9\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u97f3\u4e50\u6559\u80b2\u540c\u4e1a\u7684\u6a21\u4eff\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u6ee1\u6d32\u7684\u201c\u5730\u7406\u5531\u6b4c\u201d\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u73b0\u57281904\u5e74\u7531\u9ad8\u9808\u6cbb\u8f14\u4f5c\u8bcd\u3001\u672c\u5143\u5b50\u4f5c\u66f2\u7684\u300a\u6e80\u6d32\u3001\u897f\u6bd4\u5229\u4e9c\u5730\u7406\u5531\u6b4c\u300b\u4e2d\u3002 \u7ee7\u800c\u57281906\u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u65e5\u4fc4\u6218\u4e89\u80dc\u5229\u540e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u548c\u7530\u5efa\u6a39\u53c8\u501f\u7740\u51ef\u65cb\u7684\u4f59\u70ed\u548c\u52a0\u500d\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u6ee1\u97e9\u94c1\u9053\u5531\u6b4c\u300b\uff0c\u628a\u4ed6\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b4c\u96c6\u7684\u5730\u7406\u8303\u56f4\u4ece\u65e5\u672c\u672c\u571f\u63a8\u53ca\u6ee1\u6d32\u548c\u671d\u9c9c\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6587\u90e8\u7701\u5b98\u65b9\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u9ad8\u7b49\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821\u5531\u6b4c\u79d1\u6b4c\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u6ee1\u97e9\u94c1\u9053\u5531\u6b4c\u300b\u7531\u5929\u8c37\u79c0\u4f5c\u66f2\uff0c\u628a\u5927\u548c\u7530\u5efa\u6a39\u516d\u5341\u8282\u6b4c\u8bcd\u8c31\u4e0a\u540c\u4e00\u9996\u66f2\u5b50\u3002\u6b4c\u8bcd\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u4ece\u65e5\u6e05\u6218\u4e89\u6218\u540e\u7684\u7b7e\u7ea6\u5730\u4e0b\u5173\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u90a3\u91cc\u767b\u8239\u6e21\u6d77\u5230\u91dc\u5c71\uff0c\u6309\u4eac\u91dc\u7ebf-\u4eac\u57ce-\u4eac\u4e49\u7ebf-\u65b0\u4e49\u5dde-\u9e2d\u7eff\u6c5f-\u5b89\u4e1c-\u5b89\u5949\u7ebf-\u5949\u5929-\u5357\u6ee1\u652f\u7ebf-\u5927\u8fde\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u5230\u6700\u540e\u6362\u8239\u8fd4\u56de\u65e5\u672c\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u6cbf\u9014\u7684\u98ce\u7269\u548c\u666f\u70b9\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u521a\u53d1\u751f\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u4e24\u6b21\u6d77\u5916\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u201c\u53f2\u8ff9\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u8fdb\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u8c6a\u611f\u3002 \u6b4c\u672c\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u6ee1\u94c1\u624d\u521a\u521a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u94c1\u8def\u7f51\u7684\u9e2d\u7eff\u6c5f\u5927\u6865\u8981\u52301911\u5e74\u624d\u5efa\u6210\uff0c\u5317\u6ee1\u5e72\u7ebf\u8fd8\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5e1d\u56fd\u624b\u91cc\uff0c\u5927\u548c\u7530\u5efa\u6a39\u6240\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u4e24\u6b21\u6218\u4e89\u6240\u6536\u83b7\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6240\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u94c1\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u5411\u5927\u9646\u8179\u5730\u7684\u62d3\u5c55\u4f5c\u597d\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u300a\u6ee1\u65e5\u8fde\u7edc\u4ea4\u901a\u5730\u56fe\u300b\u6807\u51fa\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u4e1c\u5317\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u94c1\u8def\u7f51<\/p>\n

\u94c1\u8def\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u6b66\u529b\u4e89\u593a\u7684\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u6218\u4e89\u8d56\u4ee5\u5236\u80dc\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6b96\u6c11\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u201d\u9063\u5165\u86ee\u8352\u5904\u5973\u5730\u7684\u524d\u950b\u3002\u4eac\u91dc\u7ebf\u3001\u4eac\u4e49\u7ebf\u3001\u5b89\u5949\u7ebf\u90fd\u662f\u65e5\u4fc4\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u65e5\u672c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5feb\u901f\u8fd0\u9001\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u519b\u9700\u800c\u4fee\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5730\u6743\u4e89\u9738\u5e95\u5b9a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u201c\u6b96\u6c11\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u201c\u5730\u7406\u5531\u6b4c\u201d\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u660e\u6cbb\u65f6\u4ee3\u94c1\u8def\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5730\u7406\u6559\u80b2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u65b0\u9896\u4eb2\u5207\u7684\u542c\u89c9\u53d9\u4e8b\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u201c\u7231\u56fd\u201d\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4ee5\u540e\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u79d1\u76ee\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

1939\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u6ee1\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5df2\u8fbe552375\u4eba<\/p>\n

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1918\u5e74\u521b\u520a\u7684\u300a\u8d64\u9e1f\u300b\u53ec\u96c6\u4e86\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u4e09\u5927\u7ae5\u8c23\u8bd7\u4eba\u7684\u897f\u689d\u516b\u5341\uff08\u4e5f\u662f\u674e\u9999\u5170\u591a\u9996\u6b4c\u66f2\u7684\u8bcd\u4f5c\u8005\uff09\u3001\u5317\u539f\u767d\u79cb\u3001\u91ce\u53e3\u96e8\u60c5\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u540e\u6765\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u56fd\u6b4c\u7684\u4f5c\u66f2\u8005\u5c71\u7530\u8015\u7b70\u3001\u4fe1\u6642\u6f54\u7b49\u8bcd\u66f2\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e3a\u513f\u7ae5\u521b\u4f5c\u201c\u53ea\u7528\u8033\u6735\u5c31\u80fd\u542c\u5f97\u61c2\u201d\u7684\u6b4c\u66f2\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ee5\u6559\u5e08\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8bad\u8beb\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u513f\u7ae5\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u6fc0\u53d1\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5b66\u4e60\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u7ae5\u8c23\u8fd0\u52a8\u53c8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8d64\u9e1f\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5728\u6821\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u751a\u81f3\u5f03\u7528\u6587\u90e8\u7701\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5fb7\u80b2\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u62c5\u5fc3\u81ea\u7531\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6d6a\u6f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u53cd\u4f53\u5236\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6587\u90e8\u7701\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u6d89\u548c\u538b\u5236\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u5185\u5730\u5f00\u59cb\u6d88\u9000\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u6ee1\u6d32\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d77\u5916\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u610f\u5916\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7ee7\u627f\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5927\u6b63\u4e03\u5e74\uff0c\u9234\u6728\u4e09\u91cd\u5409\u521b\u529e\u7684\u7ae5\u8bdd\u7ae5\u8c23\u6742\u5fd7\u300c\u8d64\u3044\u9ce5\u300d<\/p>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6df1\u6df1\u94ed\u523b\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u8111\u6d77\u4e2d\u7684\u6b4c\u66f2\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u524d\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4e2d1924\u5e74\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u7fa4\u8d24\u6bd5\u81f3\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u7ae5\u8c23\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e3b\u5c06\u4eec\uff0c\u5728\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d7\u5230\u538b\u5236\u540e\uff0c\u88ab\u5712\u5c71\u6c11\u5e73\u9080\u8bf7\u5230\u201c\u6ee1\u6d32\u5531\u6b4c\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65b0\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u5728\u542f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u5de8\u5320\u201d\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u4eba\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5712\u5c71\u6c11\u5e73\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u6295\u8eab\u521b\u4f5c\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u662f\u897f\u6d0b\u97f3\u4e50\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u89c6\u6ee1\u6d32\u672c\u571f\u97f3\u4e50\u7684\u517b\u5206\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7ecf\u5e38\u5e26\u7740\u5f55\u97f3\u8bbe\u5907\u5230\u6ee1\u6d32\u5404\u5730\u91c7\u96c6\u6c11\u6b4c\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5438\u53d6\u7075\u611f\uff0c\u6240\u4f5c\u300a\u9ad8\u8df7\u79e7\u6b4c\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6211\u4eec\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5a18\u5a18\u5e99\u4f1a\u300b\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u6ee1\u6d32\u5531\u6b4c\u201d\u88ab\u4f20\u5531\u6700\u4e45\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5357\u6e80\u6d32\u6559\u80b2\u4f1a\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u7de8\u8f2f\u90e8\u7de8\u8457\uff0c\u300e\u6e80\u6d32\u5c0f\u5b66\u5531\u6b4c\u96c6\uff0c\u5c0f\u5b66\u68211\u5e74\uff5e6\u5e74\u30fb\u4ed8\u9ad8\u7b49\u5c0f\u5b66\u68211\u5e74\u300f<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u4eec\u79c9\u6301\u7740\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1a\u65e2\u7136\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5929\u5730\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u56fa\u5b88\u539f\u6765\u7684\u65e7\u89c4\u77e9\uff1b\u6ee1\u6d32\u662f\u4e00\u5757\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5730\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u5e94\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u57f9\u517b\u9002\u5408\u8fd9\u65b9\u6c34\u571f\u7684\u5353\u5c14\u201c\u65b0\u6c11\u201d\u3002\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u7528\u513f\u7ae5\u542c\u5f97\u660e\u767d\u3001\u8bb0\u5f97\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u63cf\u7ed8\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u4eb2\u80a4\u63a5\u89e6\u201d\u7684\u6ee1\u6d32\u98ce\u571f\uff0c\u628a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5730\u7406\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4f53\u8ba4\u5de7\u5999\u878d\u5165\u6e05\u65b0\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u65cb\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u53bb\u6fc0\u53d1\u513f\u7ae5\u53bb\u5173\u8054\u5468\u8fb9\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5177\u8eab\u5316\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53bb\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6ee1\u6d32\u7684\u6545\u4e61\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u6b4c\u66f2\uff0c\u5df2\u4ece\u660e\u6cbb\u65f6\u4ee3\u201c\u5730\u7406\u5531\u6b4c\u201d\u7684\u65c5\u4eba\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u8f6c\u4e3a\u5b9a\u5c45\u8005\u7684\u76ee\u5149\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u73b0\u5730\u9002\u5e94\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u662d\u548c\u521d\u671f\u65e5\u672c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u6b4c\u66f2\u521b\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4e3a\u674e\u9999\u5170\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\uff09\u6240\u55b7\u6d8c\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5bf9\u6ee1\u6d32\u7684\u8d5e\u7f8e\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u90fd\u51fa\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u201c\u56fd\u7b56\u201d\uff0c\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6765\u81ea\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u613f\u666f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u8df3\u8131\u51fa\u65e5\u672c\u5185\u5730\u7684\u7981\u9522\uff0c\u5411\u6ee1\u6d32\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u5404\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e61\u6295\u5c04\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4f46\u300a\u5a18\u5a18\u5e99\u4f1a\u300b\u8fd9\u9996\u6b4c\u5e76\u975e\u5ba3\u4f20\u65c5\u6e38\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9f13\u52b1\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u800c\u201c\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u4eba\u201d(becoming native)\u3002\u5b83\u907f\u5f00\u4e86\u70ed\u95f9\u55a7\u817e\u7684\u5e99\u4f1a\u73b0\u573a\uff0c\u4ee5\u8212\u7f13\u60a0\u626c\u7684\u7530\u56ed\u66f2\u98ce\uff0c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5973\u5b69\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ece\u5fae\u98ce\u5439\u6765\u6986\u6811\u7684\u82b3\u9999\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8bf4\u5230\u7a97\u8fb9\u7684\u5973\u5b69\uff0c\u505c\u4e0b\u9488\u7ebf\u6d3b\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u63b0\u7740\u624b\u6307\u6570\u8d77\u8fd8\u6709\u51e0\u5929\u624d\u5230\u5a18\u5a18\u5e99\u4f1a\u7684\u4f1a\u671f\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u8f6c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5973\u5b69\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\uff0c\u8bf4\u770b\u5230\u7530\u5730\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e73\u6574\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u9ad8\u7cb1\u79cd\u5b50\u4e5f\u64ad\u4e0b\u4e86\uff0c\u6751\u6c11\u4eec\u7a7f\u8d77\u4e86\u76db\u88c5\uff0c\u5979\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u5a18\u5a18\u5e99\u4f1a\u771f\u7684\u8981\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u7981\u5174\u594b\u5f97\u9762\u6cdb\u7ea2\u6655\u3002\u8fd9\u9996\u6b4c\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5730\u65b9\u8282\u5e86\u3001\u519c\u65f6\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4eba\u5185\u5316\u6210\u751f\u7269\u949f\uff0c\u90a3\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4eba\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f53<\/b><\/p>\n

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\u4ece\u542c\u89c9\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u201c\u6ee1\u6d32\u5531\u6b4c\u201d\u4ecd\u7136\u4e3a\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd\u8d21\u732e\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u52a9\u529b\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u6218\u65f6\u7684\u7d27\u8feb\u9700\u8981\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u975e\u5e38\u77ed\uff0c\u7531\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7f14\u9020\u7684\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u4e5f\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u6784\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6700\u665a\u8fd1\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6309\u7167\u672c\u5c3c\u8fea\u514b\u7279\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8d77\u6e90\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u88ab\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e3b\u89c2\u5efa\u6784\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u201c\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u201c\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u5373\u4f7f\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u540c\u80de\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u672a\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u5bf9\u65b9\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u7ed3\u7684\u610f\u8c61(image of communion)\u5374\u6d3b\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u4e2d\u3002\u201d \u8fd9\u4e00\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u610f\u8c61\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6240\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u201c\u4e3b\u89c2\u53e4\u4ee3\u6027\u201d(subjective antiquity)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u5730\u57df\u3001\u4eba\u79cd\u3001\u4f53\u8d28\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4e60\u4fd7\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u548c\u5f52\u7eb3\u3002\u800c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u4f9d\u8d56\u201c\u60f3\u8c61\u201d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9886\u571f\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u4e5f\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u8bba\u8ff0\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u60f3\u8c61\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u60f3\u8c61\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u653f\u6cbb\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u8f6c\u5316\u548c\u786e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u201d(objective modernity)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u675c\u8d5e\u5947\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u672c\u771f\u6027\u201d\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u65e9\u671f\u201c\u6ee1\u6d32\u5531\u6b4c\u201d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u4eba\u5730\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u5efa\u6784\uff0c\u5bf9\u6ee1\u6d32\u5730\u57df\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u5851\u9020\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6ee1\u6d32\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u56fd\u65cf\u53d1\u660e\u201d\u653f\u6cbb\u5de5\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9a71\u52a8\u548c\u6da6\u6ed1\u7684\u52a9\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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