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1\u3001\u4e71\u4e16\u98ce\u96e8\u4e2d\u81ea\u5b66\u6210\u624d<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u7d22\u83f2\u00b7\u70ed\u5c14\u66fc\u8096\u50cf\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1awikipedia<\/p>\n

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13\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u7d22\u83f2\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u8499\u56fe\u62c9\u514b\u7684\u300a\u6570\u5b66\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u8fd9\u70b9\u71c3\u4e86\u5979\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u706b\u70ac\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bb2\u8ff0\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\uff0c\u5728\u60e8\u906d\u6740\u5bb3\u65f6\u4ecd\u57cb\u5934\u505a\u6570\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6570\u5b66\u2014\u8fd9\u95e8\u5979\u4ece\u6ca1\u4e86\u89e3\u8fc7\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5c31\u6b64\u5bf9\u5979\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u540c\u6837\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u968f\u5373\u7d22\u83f2\u4fbf\u6c89\u6d78\u5728\u4e0e\u6570\u5b66\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u9605\u8bfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u8d1d\u7956\uff08\u00c9tienne B\u00e9zout\uff09\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u91cc\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u6570\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e93\u8f9b\uff08Jacques Antoine Joseph Cousin\uff09\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u91cc\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u5fae\u5206\u548c\u79ef\u5206\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u5979\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u987a\u7545\u9605\u8bfb\u725b\u987f\u548c\u6b27\u62c9\u7b49\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u81ea\u5b66\u4e86\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u548c\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n

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2\u3001\u5df4\u9ece\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u201c\u82b1\u6728\u5170\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

1794\u5e74\uff0c\u7d22\u83f218\u5c81\u3002\u4e3a\u5f25\u8865\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u540e\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u77ed\u7f3a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u5df4\u9ece\u7efc\u5408\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u5176\u5b97\u65e8\u662f\u6559\u6388\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u62db\u6536\u5973\u751f\u3002\u7d22\u83f2\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8be5\u6821\u7684\u65b0\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\u662f \u201c\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u8bb2\u4e49\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9b\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u751f\u7533\u8bf7\u62ff\u5230”\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b66\u751f\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5 \u201c\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e66\u9762\u8bfe\u7a0b\u611f\u60f3\u4e0e\u6559\u6388\u4ea4\u6d41\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8e\u662f\u7d22\u83f2\u9876\u66ff\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u6ce8\u518c\u53c8\u79bb\u6821\u7684\u7537\u751f\u52d2\u5e03\u6717\uff08Monsieur Antoine-Auguste Le Blanc\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u52d2\u5e03\u6717\u4e4b\u540d\u63d0\u4ea4\u8003\u5377\uff0c\u4e0e\u8001\u5e08\u4eec\u4e66\u4fe1\u4ea4\u6d41\u7b49\u3002\u5e76\u5c06\u5979\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8f6c\u4ea4\u5230\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5\u6559\u6388\uff08Joseph Louis Lagrange\uff09\u624b\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5\u9010\u6e10\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8fd9\u4f4d\u806a\u6167\u8fc7\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u52d2\u5e03\u6717\u5148\u751f\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u53d1\u73b0\u4ece\u6ca1\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u4e2d\u89c1\u5230\u8fc7\u4ed6\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5199\u4fe1\u8981\u6c42\u89c1\u9762\u3002\u7d22\u83f2\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u5979\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8eab\u4efd\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bb3\u6015\u627f\u53d7\u4e0d\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5973\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u8511\u89c6\u548c\u4e0d\u9f7f\u201d\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ecb\u610f\u7d22\u83f2\u7684\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4e3a\u80af\u5b9a\u5979\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u52c7\u6562\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u62c5\u4efb\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u7d22\u83f2\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u6570\u8bba\u4ea7\u751f\u683c\u5916\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u9ad8\u65af\uff08Carl Friedrich Gauss\uff09\u5c06\u6570\u8bba\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u7684\u300a\u6570\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff08Disquisitiones arithmeticae \uff09\u300b\u540e\uff0c\u7d22\u83f2\u6c89\u6d78\u5176\u4e2d\u5e76\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u671f\u95f4\u4e00\u76f4\u7528\u7537\u6027\u8eab\u4efd\u201c\u52d2\u5e03\u6717\u5148\u751f\u201d\u4e0e\u9ad8\u65af\u901a\u4fe1\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u6570\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u6574\u6570\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5982\u54e5\u5fb7\u5df4\u8d6b\u731c\u60f3\uff0c\u5b6a\u751f\u8d28\u6570\u731c\u60f3\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5c3d\u7ba1\u80fd\u8f7b\u677e\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5374\u8981\u7528\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u8270\u6df1\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u901a\u4fe1\u90fd\u4e0e\u6570\u8bba\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e92\u60e0\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u6a21\u5757\u7b97\u672f\u6709\u5173\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u6574\u6570\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

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3\u3001\u58f0\u97f3\u56fe\u5f62\u4e2d\u7684\u5965\u79d8<\/strong><\/p>\n

1809\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5de1\u8bb2\u81f3\u5df4\u9ece\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6253\u65ad\u4e86\u7d22\u83f2\u5728\u6570\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e00\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6570\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u4eba\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u58f0\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u6069\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u514b\u62c9\u5c3c\uff08Ernst Chladni\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u58f0\u540d\u9e4a\u8d77\u7684\u201c\u514b\u62c9\u5c3c\u58f0\u97f3\u56fe\u5f62\u201d\u8868\u6f14\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u9042\u9080\u8bf7\u81f3\u675c\u4f0a\u52d2\u91cc\u5bab\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u6f14\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u8fbe\u5b98\u8d35\u4eba\u548c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u89c6\u4e0b\uff0c\u514b\u62c9\u5c3c\u5411\u5149\u6ed1\u7684\u94dc\u677f\u4e0a\u5747\u5300\u5730\u6d12\u6ee1\u7ec6\u6c99\u540e\uff0c\u4e8e\u94dc\u677f\u8fb9\u7f18\u7f13\u7f13\u62c9\u52a8\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u5f13\uff0c\u5947\u7279\u7684\u4e00\u5e55\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u6c99\u5b50\u5728\u51e0\u79d2\u949f\u5185\u5f62\u6210\u805a\u6563\u6210\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u7ebf\u6761\u82b1\u7eb9\u2014\u2014\u514b\u62c9\u5c3c\u56fe\u5f62\u5c31\u6b64\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u9690\u5f62\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u4e16\u754c\u88ab\u5c3d\u6536\u773c\u5e95\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u5411\u91cd\u89c6\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u64c5\u957f\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73b0\u8c61\u4f7f\u4ed6\u654f\u9510\u5730\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5ef6\u7eed\u5bf9\u58f0\u97f3\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u9884\u6d4b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u56fe\u5f62\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u58f0\u97f3\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff1f\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u60ac\u8d4f3000\u6cd5\u90ce\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u201c\u5df4\u9ece\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5956\u91d1\u201d\uff0c\u5956\u52b1\u7ed9\u201c\u5f97\u51fa\u514b\u62c9\u5c3c\u58f0\u97f3\u56fe\u5f62\u4e2d\u5f39\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u8868\u9762\u632f\u52a8\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u201d\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6570\u5b66\u7ade\u8d5b\u7684\u516c\u544a\uff0c1809\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1awikipedia<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u9996\u6b21\u53c2\u8d5b\uff0c\u524d\u8def\u6f2b\u6f2b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7d22\u83f2\u51b3\u5b9a\u53c2\u52a0\u6b64\u6b21\u7ade\u8d5b\u3002\u52a8\u529b\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u540d\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6e90\u4e8e\u514b\u62c9\u5c3c\u58f0\u97f3\u56fe\u5f62\u5bf9\u5979\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u64bc\u52a8\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u53ea\u505c\u7559\u4e8e\u7eb8\u9762\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u53d1\u751f\u4ea4\u878d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ea7\u751f\u5982\u6b64\u591a\u91cd\u795e\u5947\u7f8e\u5999\u7684\u753b\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fe\u6848\u53d8\u5e7b\u83ab\u6d4b\uff0c\u8426\u7ed5\u5fc3\u5934\uff0c\u5979\u6e34\u671b\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u8ddf\u4e0a\u5b83\u4eec\u98de\u821e\u7684\u8282\u594f\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

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\u514b\u62c9\u5c3c\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u300aDie Akustik\u300b<\/p>\n

\u5979\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\u6b27\u62c9\u6666\u6da9\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece1811\u5e741\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0e\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5\u8ba8\u8bba\u5979\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bfb\u6c42\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u6b27\u62c9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f39\u6027\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5197\u957f\u63a8\u5bfc\uff0c\u5f39\u6027\u529b\u5b66\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u5916\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u56fa\u4f53\u600e\u6837\u53d1\u751f\u5f62\u53d8\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b27\u62c9\u548c\u745e\u58eb\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u4f2f\u52aa\u5229\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5f39\u6027\u4f53\u7684\u529b\u77e9\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1a\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u5f39\u6027\u7ec6\u957f\u6746\u4e0a\u7684\u529b\u77e9\u6b63\u6bd4\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u548c\u901a\u8fc7\u8d28\u5fc3\u8f74\u548c\u5782\u76f4\u4e8e\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u622a\u9762\u7684\u60ef\u6027\u52a8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d22\u83f2\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u632f\u52a8\u677f\u5f2f\u66f2\u65f6\uff0c\u677f\u7684\u4e3b\u66f2\u7387\u4e4b\u548c\u5728\u677f\uf9e4\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u6b27\u62c9\u5f39\u6027\u529b\u5b66\uf9e4\u8bba\u4e2d\u5f39\u6027\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7ebf\u7684\u66f2\u7387\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5979\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06\u5f2f\u66f2\u6240\u505a\u7684\u529f\u89c6\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0e\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u4e3b\u66f2\u7387\u4e4b\u548c\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u7684\u79ef\u5206\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002\u7d22\u83f2\u5047\u8bbe\u677f\u7684\u632f\u52a8\u5e94\u53d8\u80fd\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u79ef\u5206\u8868\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u5176\u4e2dr\u548cr\u2032\u662f\u5f2f\u66f2\u7684\u632f\u52a8\u8868\u9762\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u66f2\u7387\u534a\u5f84\uff0cA\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n

1811\u5e7412\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u8d5b\u4e8b\u7ed3\u679c\u9881\u5e03\uff0c\u7d22\u83f2\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u5956\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u79ef\u5206\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u72af\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u7d22\u83f2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u91cd\u65b0\u8bba\u8bc1\u540e\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5979\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u7684\u56db\u9636\u504f\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u7531\u4e8e\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8003\u8bc1\u7684\u6b27\u62c9\u5f39\u6027\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6700\u540e\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

5\u3001\u518d\u5ea6\u53c2\u8d5b\uff0c\u6298\u621f\u6c89\u6c99<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u65e0\u53c2\u8d5b\u8005\u80dc\u51fa\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d5b\u5ef6\u671f\uff0c\u4e0e1813\u5e74\u91cd\u542f\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u5c40\u52bf\u5341\u5206\u52a8\u8361\uff0c\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u5411\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u52a8\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u63a7\u5236\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u6269\u5f20\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5bf9\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u7684\u653f\u53d8\u3002\u540c\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u966a\u4f34\u7d22\u83f2\u4e00\u8def\u8d70\u6765\u4ea6\u5e08\u4ea6\u53cb\u7684\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u7d22\u83f2\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6c89\u6d78\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6765\u6446\u8131\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u60b2\u75db\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

1813\u5e749\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u7d22\u83f2\u518d\u6b21\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u7b54\u5377\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6b64\u6b21\u7ade\u8d5b\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u53c2\u8d5b\u7b54\u5377\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5979\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5\u4fee\u6b63\u540e\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u63a8\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u53cc\u91cd\u79ef\u5206\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8bc4\u5ba1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u662f\uff1a\u5f39\u6027\u8868\u9762\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u57fa\u7840\u6ca1\u6709\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u8d5b\u518d\u6b21\u5ef6\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

6\u3001<\/strong>\u4e09\u5ea6\u53c2\u8d5b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e14\u552f\u4e00<\/strong><\/p>\n

1814\u5e743\u670830\u65e5\u9ece\u660e\u65f6\u5206\uff0c\u5f53\u7d22\u83f2\u5728\u5199\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u53c2\u8d5b\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u65f6\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u6765\u81ea\u5df4\u9ece\u7efc\u5408\uf9e4\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u57ce\u95e8\u4e0e\u8054\u519b\uff08\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u3001\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u548c\u5965\u5730\u5229\uff09\u4f5c\u6218\u3002\u5168\u5df4\u9ece\u4eba\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u89c2\u770b\u4e86\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u6597\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u906d\u53d7\u4e24\u6b21\u8840\u8165\u9769\u547d\u7684\u8e42\u8e8f\uff0c\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u52a8\u8361\u548c\u60b2\u60e8\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u4ece\u7d22\u83f2\u7a97\u5916\u4f20\u6765\u7684\u9707\u8033\u6b32\u804b\u7684\u8f70\u9e23\u58f0\u4e0e\u5954\u817e\u7684\u9a6c\u5339\u5636\u9e23\uff0c\u80fd\u4f7f\u5979\u771f\u6b63\u5e73\u9759\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u7ee7\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u514b\u62c9\u5c3c\u56fe\u5f62\u632f\u52a8\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

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\uf937\uf9e0\u5341\u516b\u8fdb\u5165\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1awikipedia<\/p>\n

\u5979\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\ufa08\u6d89\u53ca\u7269\uf9e4\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u800c\uf967\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u63a8\uf9e4\u3002\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u53d8\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u56db\u9636\u504f\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u539a\u5ea6\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u94dc\u677f\u66f2\u5ea6\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4e25\u683c\u63a7\u5236\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u539f\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u56fe\u6848\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d22\u83f2\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u677f\u6750\u632f\u52a8\u548c\u5f39\u6027\u6027\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u5979\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u514b\u62c9\u5c3c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u56fe\u6848\u5951\u5408\u3002\u5728\u59791825\u5e74\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u8fd8\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u662f\u627e\u5230\u7b26\u5408\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u539a\u5ea6\u89c4\u5f8b\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u94dc\u677f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7684\u548c\u6570\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u53d8\u539a\u5ea6\u7684\u677f\u6750\uff0c\u5982\u53d8\u5206\u6cd5\uff08Ritz\u6cd5\uff09\u3001\u6709\u9650\u5143\u6cd5\u548c\u5c0f\u53c2\u6570\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7d22\u83f2\u00b7\u70ed\u5c14\u66fc\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7ed8\u5236\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1aJournal de lEcole Polytechnique<\/p>\n

\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u7d22\u83f2\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dN2\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u632f\u52a8\u677f\u539a\u5ea6\u7684\u56db\u6b21\u65b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u7d22\u83f2\u8fd8\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5706\u73af\u632f\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u5df2\u7ecf39\u5c81\u7684\u7d22\u83f2\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u53c2\u8d5b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u8bba\u6587\u7b54\u5377\u201dRecherches sur la th\u00e9orie des surfaces \u00e9lastiques\u201d\uff0c1816\u5e741\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u5979\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u83b7\u5f97\u5df4\u9ece\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5956\u9879\u7684\u5973\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u4ee4\u4eba\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f97\u5956\u7684\u7d22\u83f2\u5e76\u6ca1\u80fd\u83b7\u51c6\u53c2\u52a0\u9881\u5956\u5178\u793c\uff0c\u5b9e\u81f3\u540d\u5f52\u5730\u4eab\u53d7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9ad8\u5149\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u4ee5\u6cd5\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5e38\u4efb\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u5fb7\u6717\u5e03\u5c14\uff08Jean\u2011Baptiste Delambre\uff09\u4e3a\u7b7e\u540d\u5bc4\u51fa\u7684\u83b7\u5956\u4fe1\u51fd\uff0c\u6240\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5bf9\u5916\u6811\u7acb\u7684\u5f00\u660e\u3001\u5305\u5bb9\u548c\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n

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1816\u5e741\u67086\u65e5\u5fb7\u6717\u5e03\u5c14\u7ed9\u7d22\u83f2\u7684\u4fe1\uff0c\u6765\u6e90\uff1aJournal de lEcole Polytechnique<\/p>\n

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\u53ef\u7d22\u83f2\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3a\u6b64\u5206\u6563\u7cbe\u529b\u53bb\u6cae\u4e27\uff0c\u8d62\u5f97\u7ade\u8d5b\u56fa\u7136\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u5979\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7ad9\u3002\u5979\u8f6c\u5411\u7ee7\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u516b\u5e74\u524d\u6401\u7f6e\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u9ad8\u65af\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u8d39\u9a6c\u5927\u5b9a\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u7d22\u83f2\u5728\u751f\u547d\u6700\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u91cc\uff0c\u764c\u75c7\u7684\u6781\u5ea6\u75db\u82e6\u4f7f\u5979\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6267\u7b14\u5199\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u54f2\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u88ab\u6cd5\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u5b54\u5fb7(Auguste Comte) \u8d5e\u626c\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u6587\u5316\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u5b66\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u8003\u8651\uff08onsid\u00e9rations g\u00e9n\u00e9rales sur l\u2019\u00e9tat des Sciences et des Lettres aux diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9poques de leur culture\uff09\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d22\u83f2\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u667a\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u827a\u672f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u827a\u672f\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

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