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\u5efa\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u957f\u671f\u5173\u6ce8\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u4e00\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5176\u6301\u9ad8\u5ea6\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u57fa\u8c03\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u6240\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u6559\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5219\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u5c71\u897f\u6587\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u5173\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0c\u300a\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u5728\u6c7e\u9633\u3001\u592a\u8c37\u548c\u9633\u57ce\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u5bf9\u4e09\u5730\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u5728\u5c71\u897f\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u6765\u5207\u5165\uff0c\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u6559\u6c11\u7ecf\u5386\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7a0d\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\u3002\u628a\u5f53\u65f6\u5c71\u897f\u5730\u65b9\u5b98\u4ee5\u201c\u4fdd\u62a4\u201d\u4e4b\u540d\u4ee4\u5b98\u5175\u628a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5374\u5728\u9014\u4e2d\u6709\u9884\u8c0b\u5730\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5168\u90e8\u5904\u6b7b\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5199\u6210\u4e86\u8c8c\u4f3c\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u7684\u4f0f\u51fb\u6218[5]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u9646\u5b66\u754c\u9010\u6e10\u56de\u5f52\u5b9e\u4e8b\u6c42\u662f\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u9010\u6e10\u8d8b\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u3002\u4f46\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ecd\u4e0d\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u4e4b\u5185\u3002\u5982\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u4e54\u5fd7\u5f3a\u7f16\u8457\u300a\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u5728\u5c71\u897f\u5730\u533a\u53f2\u6599\u300b\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u6e05\u671d\u5b98\u65b9\u6863\u6848\u3001\u5c71\u897f\u5730\u65b9\u5fd7\u3001\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u63ed\u5e16\u7b49\u4f17\u591a\u5c71\u897f\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\u5bf9\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u6559\u6c11\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u6781\u5c11[6]\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c71\u897f\u901a\u53f2\u6027\u8457\u4f5c\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5728\u5c71\u897f\u4f20\u6559\u53f2\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u5904\u5883\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8be6\u7ec6\u53d9\u8ff0\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u5b66\u754c\u6709\u4e00\u6279\u9488\u5bf9\u5c71\u897f\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u95ee\u4e16\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5c71\u897f\u51e0\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u6559\u6c11\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u4f46\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u6587\u7ae0\u4ecd\u662f\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5c55\u5f00\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u5c71\u897f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53f2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5dee\u4f1a\u5728\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u906d\u9047\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u4f20\u6559\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u6062\u590d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2a\u6848\u7814\u7a76[7]\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u9003\u4ea1\u3001\u88ab\u6740\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u7684\u7ec6\u81f4\u68b3\u7406\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\u53f2\u53f0\u4e3d\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u300a\u6bd3\u8d24\u4e0e1900\u5e74\u5c71\u897f\u5e9a\u5b50\u62f3\u4e71\u300b\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u65e2\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u5728\u5c71\u897f\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e13\u5217\u300a\u5883\u5185\u5404\u5730\u4e4b\u6b8b\u6740\u6848\u4ef6\u300b\u4e00\u8282\uff0c\u4ee5\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u5179\u300a\u5c71\u897f\u7684\u706b\u4e0e\u5251\uff1a\u4e2d\u5916\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6b7b\u96be\u8005\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\uff08Fire and Sword in Shansi: The Story of the Martyrdom of Foreigners and Chinese Christians\uff09\u4e00\u6587\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5bf9\u5c71\u897f\u5404\u5730\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u6559\u6c11\u88ab\u6740\u60c5\u5f62\u8fdb\u884c\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0c\u5f25\u8865\u4e86\u5b66\u754c\u76f8\u5173\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3[8]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u901a\u4fd7\u5199\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u6709\u5173\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9[9]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u524d\u4eba\u8457\u4f5c\u53ca\u6574\u7406\u7684\u53f2\u6599\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bf9\u592a\u539f\u6559\u6848\u7740\u58a8\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u9648\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e03\u516b\u6708\u95f4\u5c71\u897f\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u88ab\u6740\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u51e0\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u90fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u5176\u76f2\u76ee\u6392\u5916\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u6559\u6c11\u7ecf\u5386\u8868\u793a\u540c\u60c5\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u591a\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u592a\u539f\u4e00\u5730\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3b\u8981\u56f4\u7ed5\u6bd3\u8d24\u5728\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u6559\u6c11\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5199\u4f5c\u4ecd\u4ed8\u9619\u5982\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u8fd8\u662f\u666e\u901a\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4fdd\u6301\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u95ee\u4e16\u3002\u7eb3\u7279\u00b7\u5e03\u5170\u5fb7\uff08Nat Brandt\uff09\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u300a\u5c71\u897f\u6740\u622e\u300b\uff08Massacre in Shansi\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u88ab\u6740\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u5927\u591a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u6863\u6848\u9986\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u6b27\u67cf\u6797\u4f20\u6559\u56e2\uff08The Oberlin Band\uff09\u8d44\u6599\u5373\u85cf\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b27\u67cf\u6797\u5b66\u9662\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\u65f6\u5219\u591a\u6709\u4fbf\u5229\u3002\u7eb3\u7279\u00b7\u5e03\u5170\u5fb7\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53f2\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u53d1\u6398\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5dee\u4f1a\u5728\u5c71\u897f\u591a\u5730\u4f20\u6559\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u5728\u5c71\u897f\u6d3b\u52a8\u65f6\u5bff\u9633\u3001\u592a\u539f\u3001\u592a\u8c37\u3001\u6c7e\u5dde\u7b49\u5730\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u88ab\u6740\u60c5\u51b5\u4ee5\u53ca\u6559\u6848\u7684\u5584\u540e\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u5185\u5bb9[10]\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u4e66\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u6b27\u67cf\u6797\u4f20\u6559\u56e2\u6210\u5458\u4e3a\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u591a\u4e2a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5dee\u4f1a\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u5f62\u672c\u4e66\u672a\u66fe\u6d89\u53ca\u3002[11]\u4e8e2011\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5723\u5fb7\uff1a\u6e05\u671d\u65f6\u671f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u6b89\u9053\uff081644\u20141911\uff09\u300b\uff08China\u2019s Saints: Catholic Martyrdom during the Qing (1644\u20141911)\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u88ab\u6740\u7684\u5c71\u897f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7b80\u8981\u53d9\u8ff0[12]\u30022015\u5e74\u4ed6\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u5929\u5802\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff1a\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\u548c\u5c71\u897f\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8d77\u4e49\u300b\uff08Heaven in Conflict: Franciscans and the Boxer Uprising in Shanxi\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u65e2\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u4ece\u897f\u65b9\u6863\u6848\u9986\u67e5\u9605\u7684\u591a\u8bed\u79cd\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u5c71\u897f\u6863\u6848\u9986\u3001\u5c71\u897f\u6559\u4f1a\u7b49\u5730\u6240\u85cf\u6587\u732e\u90fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u641c\u96c6\u5229\u7528\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u5230\u5c71\u897f\u6709\u5173\u5730\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\u3002\u67ef\u5b66\u658c\u5728\u53d9\u8ff0\u57fa\u672c\u53f2\u5b9e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7b49\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5c71\u897f\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5185\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u63a8\u8fdb\u5bf9\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u53c2\u8003[13]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u4e0d\u53ea\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u3002\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5c71\u897f\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u674e\u9510\u4e8e2011\u5e74\u521b\u4f5c\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e3a\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u300a\u5f20\u9a6c\u4e01\u7684\u7b2c\u516b\u5929\u300b[14]\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u5f20\u9a6c\u4e01\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6765\u81ea\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5f80\u591a\u6570\u201c\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u5c0f\u8bf4\u201d\u4ee5\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u4eba\u7269\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4eba\u516c\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u521b\u4f5c\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5728\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u5b66\u5316\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u4e2d\u897f\u65b9\u76f8\u9047\u3001\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u53d1\u751f\u5730\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u5c71\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u534e\u5317\u5e73\u539f\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u6784\u7684\u5c71\u6751\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u8fd8\u539f\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u5883\uff0c\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u6559\u6c11\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u6559\u6c11\u6709\u7740\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u751f\u5b58\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u5728\u738b\u5fb7\u5a01\u6559\u6388\u4e3a\u672c\u4e66\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u53f2\u5b9e\u4f5c\u4e86\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u738b\u5fb7\u5a01\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u6559\u6c11\u7684\u60e8\u70c8\u7ecf\u5386\u4e3a\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u79f0\u674e\u9510\u672c\u4e66\u6240\u805a\u7126\u7684\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u201c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u9762\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u72c2\u4e71\u3001\u4e5f\u6700\u5c48\u8fb1\u7684\u4e00\u523b\u3002\u201d[15]\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ece\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u6559\u6c11\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u4f9b\u53c2\u8003\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6210\u679c\u6709\u4e9b\u7531\u4e8e\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e45\u8fdc\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6613\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u66f4\u9051\u8bba\u666e\u901a\u8bfb\u8005\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b66\u754c\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fd9\u6bb5\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u786e\u5b9e\u7ed9\u7f51\u7edc\u4f5c\u8005\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5199\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6c11\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\u7684\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u636e\u7c97\u7565\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u5199\u4f5c\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7f51\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u517158\u4eba\uff0c\u520a\u8f7d\u6587\u7ae070\u7bc7\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u8bba\u575b\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\u7b49\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u670916\u7bc7\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u662f\u5f20\u73c9\u4e8e2001\u5e743\u67087\u65e5\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u5176\u4e2a\u4eba\u7f51\u7ad9\u201c\u592a\u539f\u9053\u201d\u4e0a\u7684\u300a\u6ca7\u6851\u9605\u5c3d\u8bdd\u592a\u539f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u7ae0\u2014\u2014\u665a\u6e05\u8f76\u4e8b\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u3002\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u535a\u5ba2\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u670919\u7bc7\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u53ef\u89c1\u6700\u65e9\u5199\u4f5c\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u535a\u6587\u4e3a\u201c\u9633\u6cc9 \u597d\u597d\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u4e8e2007\u5e743\u670813\u65e5\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u300a\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u9996\u9886\u5f20\u5927\u695e\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u3002\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u670925\u7bc7\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u201c\u5168\u7403\u89c1\u8bc1\u201d\u4e8e2014\u5e749\u67084\u65e5\u63a8\u9001\u7684\u300a[\u89c1\u8bc1]\u767e\u5e74\u6b89\u9053\u8840\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u5fae\u4fe1\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u53d1\u5e03\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u6709\u5173\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n

70\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u957f\u77ed\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\u4f53\u91cf\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u5168\u6587\u5b57\u6570\u57285\u5343\u5b57\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5171\u670957\u7bc7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5b57\u6570\u4e0d\u8db31\u5343\u5b57\u7684\u670913\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5b57\u6570\u8d85\u8fc71\u4e07\u7684\u53ea\u67095\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u4ece\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6709\u7684\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u53f2\u6599\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6027\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u91cd\u89c6\u63cf\u5199\u5177\u4f53\u5386\u53f2\u60c5\u5883\u3001\u6587\u53f2\u7ed3\u5408\u3001\u5939\u53d9\u5939\u8bae\u7684\u901a\u4fd7\u5386\u53f2\u5199\u4f5c\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4ece\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c55\u5f00\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u9605\u8bfb\u8fd970\u7bc7\u7f51\u7edc\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f62\u6210\u56f4\u7ed5\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7f51\u6587\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u5462\uff1f\u7531\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u9898\u6750\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u4f53\u88c1\u6742\u4e71\u7eb7\u9648\uff0c\u5bf9\u6587\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u5f52\u7eb3\u548c\u68b3\u7406\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u6d89\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u53d9\u8ff0\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5728\u5c71\u897f\u4f20\u6559\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u3002\u5c71\u897f\u5728\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u524d\u6c11\u6559\u5173\u7cfb\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8f83\u4e3a\u548c\u7766\uff0c\u5728\u665a\u6e05\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u7684\u300a\u6559\u52a1\u6559\u6848\u6863\u300b\u4e2d\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u6c11\u6559\u51b2\u7a81\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u7701\u4efd\u3002\u57281878\u5e74\u5c71\u897f\u65f1\u707e\u4e2d\u65b0\u6559\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u6551\u707e\u66fe\u83b7\u5f97\u65f6\u4efb\u5de1\u629a\u66fe\u56fd\u8343\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7701\u53bf\u5b98\u5458\u7684\u8868\u5f70\uff0c\u5b98\u6559\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e73\u7a33\u3002\u5f20\u73c9\u5728\u300a\u6ca7\u6851\u9605\u5c3d\u8bdd\u592a\u539f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u7ae0\u2014\u2014\u665a\u6e05\u8f76\u4e8b\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4ee5\u53ca\u6559\u6c11\u4eec\u7684\u4e0d\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u592a\u539f\u5730\u533a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u660e\u786e\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u56e0\u4e3a\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u8d48\u707e\u65b9\u9762\u6811\u7acb\u7684\u826f\u597d\u5f62\u8c61\u800c\u4e0e\u5c71\u897f\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u7766\u76f8\u5904\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u7ea0\u7eb7\u3002\u201d[16]<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5c71\u897f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u5e76\u884c\u4e0d\u6096\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5728\u4f20\u64ad\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u5b58\u5728\u5206\u6b67\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7f51\u6587\u5f00\u98ce\u6c14\u4e4b\u5148\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u88ab\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4f5c\u8005\u5927\u6bb5\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u6587\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5f97\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u5177\u4f53\u5c71\u897f\u67d0\u5730\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u6559\u53f2\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f51\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u300a\u5c71\u897f\u592a\u8c37\u6b89\u9053\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u89c1\u8bc1\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u7406\u4f1a\u5728\u592a\u8c37\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u4e8b\u4e1a\u6700\u521d\u53d7\u963b\uff0c\u540e\u7531\u4e8e\u53d7\u8fc7\u591a\u5e74\u533b\u836f\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u6cbb\u6108\u4e86\u53bf\u957f\u513f\u5b50\u7684\u773c\u75be\uff0c\u9042\u83b7\u5f97\u53bf\u957f\u4e4b\u52a9\u6253\u5f00\u4f20\u6559\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u4ece\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u770b\u51fa\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u524d\u592a\u8c37\u4f20\u6559\u4e8b\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u826f\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c71\u897f\u5728\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u6c11\u6559\u3001\u5b98\u6559\u5173\u7cfb\u663e\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u7766[17]\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e3a\u4f55\u5728\u5e9a\u5b50\u5e74\u95f4\u4f1a\u7206\u53d1\u5982\u6b64\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4f24\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\u5c45\u5168\u56fd\u4e4b\u9996\uff1f\u7f51\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5c71\u897f\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u9488\u5bf9\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u6559\u6c11\u7684\u5c60\u6740\u6d3b\u52a8\u6709\u7740\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7531\u6c11\u95f4\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u591a\u5730\u7684\u5c60\u6740\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u5b98\u65b9\u7b56\u5212\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b98\u519b\u4e0e\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u5408\u4f5c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u201c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4ee5\u5b98\u5175\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3001\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u4e3a\u8f85\u7684\u3002\u201d[18]\u5b98\u6c11\u5408\u4f5c\u80cc\u540e\u662f\u5c71\u897f\u5de1\u629a\u6bd3\u8d24\u5bf9\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u7f51\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u6bd3\u8d241900\u5e743\u670814\u65e5\u51fa\u4efb\u5c71\u897f\u5de1\u629a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c71\u897f\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u5199\u4f5c\u65f6\u5bf9\u5176\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c70\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u670911\u7bc7\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u9488\u5bf9\u6bd3\u8d24\u5c55\u5f00\u53d9\u8ff0\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u7ae0\u4e5f\u591a\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u6bd3\u8d24\u3002\u7f51\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u5927\u591a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6bd3\u8d24\u662f\u8fd9\u573a\u9488\u5bf9\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u3001\u6559\u6c11\u5c60\u6740\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u7f6a\u9b41\u7978\u9996\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u6587\u7ae0\u90fd\u62a8\u51fb\u4e86\u6bd3\u8d24\u6740\u622e\u65e0\u8f9c\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u3002\u300a\u201c\u5c60\u6237\u201d\u6bd3\u8d24\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u5c06\u5176\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51f6\u6b8b\u6210\u6027\uff0c\u8349\u83c5\u4eba\u547d\u7684\u6740\u4eba\u72c2\uff0c\u5728\u5b98\u573a\u4e0a\u5916\u53f7\u2018\u5c60\u6237\u2019\u201d[19]\u5bf9\u6bd3\u8d24\u5728\u5c71\u4e1c\u4efb\u4e0a\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u884c\u8ff9\u8fdb\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u53d9\u8ff0\u6bd3\u8d24\u51fa\u4efb\u5c71\u897f\u5de1\u629a\u540e\u628a\u5c71\u897f\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u5bfc\u5411\u6740\u622e\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fe1\u5f92\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u65e7\u53f2\u6599\u518d\u73b0\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fe1\u5f92\u88ab\u5bb3\u7684\u4e8b\u8ff9\u3002\u7f51\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u7ffb\u68c0\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u81f3\u4eca\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u77e5\u4e4b\u751a\u5c11\u7684\u65f6\u4eba\u5173\u4e8e\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u59821948\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb0\u8f7d\u592a\u539f\u6559\u6848\u7684\u300a\u62f3\u7978\u4e00\u77a5\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u4e3a\u8bfb\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u89e3\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u4fe1\u606f[20]\u3002\u7f51\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd0\u7528\u7684\u6750\u6599\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u7531\u5916\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5199\u4f5c\u3001\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u51fa\u7248\u3001\u76f4\u81f3\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u624d\u6709\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u59821903\u5e74\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u5179\uff08E. H. Edwards\uff09\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u65e5\u8bb0\u3001\u4e66\u4fe1\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u5c71\u897f\u7684\u706b\u4e0e\u5251\uff1a\u4e2d\u5916\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6b7b\u96be\u8005\u6545\u4e8b\u300b[21]\u30021904\u5e74\u5185\u5730\u4f1a\u76d6\u843d\u6d3c\uff08Archibald E. Glover\uff09\u7267\u5e08\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u795e\u8ff9\u5343\u91cc\u300b[22]\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u8bb0\u8ff0\u4e00\u5bb6\u5728\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u8fd0\u52a8\u7206\u53d1\u540e\u7531\u5c71\u897f\u9003\u4ea1\u81f3\u6b66\u6c49\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8457\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f51\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u89e3\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u624b\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53f2\u6599\uff0c\u7f51\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u52fe\u52d2\u51fa\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5404\u5730\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u906d\u9047\uff0c\u5e76\u63ed\u793a\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u9c9c\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5a01\u80c1\u65f6\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\u548c\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u5982\u300a\u5c71\u897f\u519c\u5927\u662f\u6b27\u67cf\u6797\u5927\u5b66\u5ba3\u6559\u58eb\u7528\u751f\u547d\u5960\u57fa\u7684\uff0c\u5c71\u897f\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u4e48\uff1f\u300b\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u6765\u6d69\u5fb7\uff08Dwight H. Clapp\uff09\u65e5\u8bb0\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u201c\u6b89\u96be\u8005\u7684\u8840\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u662f\u6211\u4e8b\u5949\u4e3b\u57fa\u7763\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u8fce\u63a5\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u201d[23] 1900\u5e746\u6708\u81f38\u6708\u662f\u5c71\u897f\u5b98\u5175\u548c\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u653b\u51fb\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u9ad8\u6f6e\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u7406\u4f1a\u5973\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u8d1d\u5982\u610f\uff08Rowena S. Bird\uff09\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e866\u670824\u65e5\u793c\u62dc\u65e5\u65f6\u5927\u6279\u62f3\u6c11\u5305\u56f4\u4f1a\u5802\uff0c\u5927\u558a\u201c\u6740\uff01\u6740\uff01\u6740\uff01\u201d\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4eec\u60f3\u7f13\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u4fbf\u6253\u5f00\u5927\u95e8\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fdb\u6765\u770b\u770b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8702\u62e5\u800c\u5165\uff0c\u5360\u636e\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u5802\u76f4\u5230\u665a\u4e0a\u3002\u8d1d\u5982\u610f\u5728\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\u8bb0\u4e0b\u5f53\u65e5\u4e4b\u60c5\u5f62\uff1a\u201c\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u5de5\u4f5c\u5982\u5e38\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6ee1\u6000\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u611f\u5230\u5371\u673a\u56db\u4f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6e05\u695a\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5371\u5728\u65e6\u5915\u3002\u2026\u2026\u65e0\u8bba\u53d1\u751f\u4f55\u4e8b\uff0c\u53ea\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u80fd\u6301\u5b88\u5fe0\u8d1e\u548c\u52c7\u6c14\uff0c\u7559\u5728\u4e16\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u65e9\u65e5\u606f\u52b3\u5f52\u4e3b\uff0c\u7686\u613f\u7236\u795e\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u4e0a\u6210\u5168\u4ed6\u7684\u65e8\u610f\uff0c\u65e0\u987b\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u201d7\u670813\u65e5\uff0c\u8d1d\u7ed9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5f1f\u5f1f\u5199\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\uff0c\u201c\u6628\u591c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5c1a\u5b58\u4e00\u7ebf\u751f\u673a\uff0c\u771f\u60f3\u5f80\u5c71\u4e0a\u8dd1\uff0c\u4f46\u6743\u8861\u5230\u62f3\u6c11\u3001\u76d7\u8d3c\u548c\u56db\u4f0f\u7684\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u98ce\u9669\u5b9e\u5728\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u80fd\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u5047\u5982\u4f60\u6211\u4ece\u6b64\u8bc0\u522b\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u540e\u6094\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u6765\u3002\u795e\u662f\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u6211\u66fe\u5426\u4e3a\u4ed6\u627e\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5931\u4e27\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u6ca1\u6709\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ed6\u800c\u6765\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4ed6\u800c\u53bb\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u6700\u4eb2\u7231\u7684\uff0c\u518d\u89c1\u5427\uff01\u201d[24]\u7f51\u6587\u5448\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5728\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5c06\u8fd1\u65f6\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u81f3\u6b7b\u4e0d\u6e1d\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u4ece\u672a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5448\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u5f97\u5230\u6316\u6398\u30022009\u5e7412\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u5f20\u73c9\u5c06\u767e\u5ea6\u8d34\u5427\u592a\u539f\u5427\u5427\u4e3b\u201cdingdangmaook\u201d\u641c\u96c6\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u592a\u539f\u8001\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u5c71\u897f\u6559\u6848\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u6311\u9009\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u592a\u539f\u9053\u201d\u4e0a\u53d1\u5e03\u300a1900\u5e74\u5c71\u897f\u5e9a\u5b50\u6559\u6848\u8001\u7167\u7247\uff08\u4e0a\u7bc7\uff09\u3001\uff08\u4e0b\u7bc7\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fe\u7247\u4e5f\u88ab\u4f17\u591a\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u7ae0\u8f6c\u5f15\u30022016\u5e749\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u5f20\u73c9\u53c8\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u8001\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u5c71\u897f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u8d44\u6599[32]<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc\u53f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b66\u754c\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u9010\u6e10\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u8457\u95ee\u4e16[40]\u3002\u6709\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u4e1a\u4f59\u5386\u53f2\u7231\u597d\u8005\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5199\u4f5c\u6301\u6709\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u674e\u5251\u9e23\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc:<\/p>\n

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\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u6c11\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc\u53f2\u5b66\u8d70\u5728\u524d\u5934\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u53f2\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u5728\u5173\u6ce8\u5b66\u754c\u53f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u6c11\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc\u53f2\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u827e\u5c14\u65af\uff08Edward L. Ayers\uff09\u57282018\u5e74\u5e74\u4f1a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u300a\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u300b\uff08Everyone Their Own Historian\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u65f6\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u8d1d\u514b\u5c14\uff08Carl L. Becker\uff09\u4e8e1931\u5e74\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5e74\u4f1a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u6f14\u8bb2\u540c\u540d\u3002\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u827e\u5c14\u65af\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n

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