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J. Reynolds\uff09\u8bf4\u670d\u4e86\u5170\u91d1\uff0c\u8ba9\u540e\u8005\u76f8\u4fe1\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49\u662f\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u201c\u5973\u4eba\u751f\u4e0b\u7537\u5b69\uff0c\u800c\u7537\u4eba\u5374\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e26\u8d70\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b7b\u53bb\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u96f7\u8bfa\u5179\u7684\u201c\u8bba\u8bc1\u201d\u3002\u5170\u91d1\u8fd8\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u672c\u6770\u660e\u00b7\u57fa\u5fb7\uff08Benjamin Kidd\uff09\u4e8e1918\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u6743\u529b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\uff08The Science of Power\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u5979\u5bf9\u96f7\u8bfa\u5179\u6240\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\/\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u57fa\u5fb7\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u201c\u5929\u751f\u5177\u6709\u597d\u6218\u503e\u5411\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5973\u6027\u5219\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u201c\u548c\u5e73\u89e3\u51b3\u4e89\u7aef\u201d\u3002\u5170\u91d1\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u57fa\u5fb7\u7684\u8fd9\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u662f\u5979\u8bfb\u8fc7\u7684\u201c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e66\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1781873401129Xv8F9h.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-06-19T12:50:02Z\/86400\/host\/83e6247fbdc62ac60bc843cfa0f998d396d2f6f4718f2583d642cbf853412b89\" 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src=\"https:\/\/img0.baidu.com\/it\/u=3371810021,2642631915&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=120&amp;f=JPEG?w=500&amp;h=614\" alt=\"1536. \u8fdb\u9000\u7ef4\u8c37:\u4e00\u4f4d&quot;\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005&quot;\u5728\u73cd\u73e0\u6e2f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\u7684&quot;\u6289\u62e9&quot;\" 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White\uff09\u5728\u5176\u300a\u6069\u6ce2\u91cc\u4e9a\u516c\u62a5\u300b\u4e0a\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u4ed6\u7b14\u950b\u4e00\u8f6c\uff1a\u201c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u2018\u52c7\u6562\u2019\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u51b2\u6de1\u4e86\u5176\u611a\u8822\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u8bae\u5458\u4efb\u671f\u5ef6\u7eed\u81f31942\u5e74\uff0c\u5170\u91d1\u5df2\u7136\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u5979\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u91cc\u5e38\u5e38\u663e\u5f97\u53ea\u662f\u8d70\u8d70\u8fc7\u573a\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u6295\u5165\u7cbe\u529b\u8fdb\u53bb\u30021942\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u5f53\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4fdd\u52a0\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u5308\u7259\u5229\u548c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5ba3\u6218\u65f6\uff0c\u5170\u91d1\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u4eba\u90fd\u4e0d\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u3002\u867d\u71361941\u5e74\u65f6\u5979\u51e0\u4e4e\u4ece\u672a\u7f3a\u5e2d\u8fc7\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u4f46\u5230\u4e861942\u5e74\u79cb\u5b63\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u6848\u7684\u6295\u7968\u4e2d\u7f3a\u5e2d\u7387\u9ad8\u8fbe80%\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img 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Kitchin\uff09\u4e5f\u6295\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u7968\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u67096\u540d\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u6295\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u7968\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u5170\u91d1\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5f53\u65f6\u5012\u4e5f\u6ca1\u600e\u4e48\u53d7\u653f\u6cbb\u62a5\u590d\u30021917\u5e74\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u8499\u5927\u62ff\u5dde\u7b49\u4e2d\u897f\u90e8\u5404\u5dde\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u9063\u7f8e\u519b\u8d74\u6b27\u6d32\u53c2\u6218\u7684\u58f0\u6d6a\u5c24\u4e3a\u5f3a\u70c8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5170\u91d1\u7684\u53cd\u6218\u7acb\u573a\u5e76\u672a\u57281918\u5e74\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u524d\u9014\u9020\u6210\u635f\u5bb3\u3002\u4f46\u90a3\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u4e2a\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff08\u6295\u53cd\u5bf9\u7968\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5170\u91d1\u6700\u521d\u662f\u4ee5\u8499\u5927\u62ff\u5dde\u4e24\u540d\u5168\u5dde\u9009\u533a\u4f17\u8bae\u5458\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5f53\u9009\u5e76\u8fdb\u5165\u56fd\u4f1a\u7684\u3002\u57281918\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8499\u5927\u62ff\u5dde\u8bae\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u9009\u4e3e\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u56fd\u4f1a\u9009\u533a\u3002\u5170\u91d1\u672c\u5e94\u53c2\u52a0\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9009\u533a\u7684\u7ade\u9009\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5171\u548c\u515a\u4eba\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u6beb\u65e0\u80dc\u7b97\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c06\u76ee\u5149\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u51fb\u8d25\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u73b0\u4efb\u8bae\u5458\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u4ec0\uff08Thomas Walsh\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8f93\u6389\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u5e2d\u4f4d\u7684\u5171\u548c\u515a\u521d\u9009\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u53c2\u9009\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4ee5\u7ea620%\u7684\u5f97\u7968\u7387\u4f4d\u5217\u7b2c\u4e09\u3002\u8bbd\u523a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5171\u548c\u515a\u4eba\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u91cc\u8fea\u514b\uff08Carl Riddick\uff09\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u5170\u91d1\u66fe\u56e0\u754f\u60e7\u800c\u4e0d\u6562\u89d2\u9010\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u8bae\u5458\u5e2d\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/17818734799188hkQ96.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-06-19T12:51:21Z\/86400\/host\/19b71f42677f8f4d50cf861b0f2cc92e4ffd6f41f815d902e2cb4d81dc9f578c\" 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Mansfield\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u5f53\u4e86\u6574\u6574\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u5e74\u7684\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u5341\u516d\u5e74\u8fd8\u62c5\u4efb\u4e86\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u591a\u6570\u515a\u9886\u8896\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/17818735479931yofJe.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-06-19T12:52:29Z\/86400\/host\/94a2717a14297b56fc0608cb4aa42de5b8a02a5eaa99444cc84a5e1628829458\" 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