{"id":72310,"date":"2026-06-23T16:10:11","date_gmt":"2026-06-23T08:10:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=72310"},"modified":"2026-06-23T16:10:11","modified_gmt":"2026-06-23T08:10:11","slug":"%e7%81%be%e9%9a%be%e5%90%8e%e7%9a%84%e5%9b%bd%e5%ae%b6%e5%bb%ba%e8%ae%be-%e8%92%8b%e5%bb%b7%e9%bb%bb%e4%b8%8e%e4%ba%8c%e6%88%98%e5%90%8e%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e7%9a%84%e9%87%8d%e5%bb%ba-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=72310","title":{"rendered":"\u707e\u96be\u540e\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bbe: \u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u4e0e\u201c\u4e8c\u6218\u201d\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\uff081943-1949\uff09(\u4e8c)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u201c\u4e8c\u6218\u201d\u540e\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5907\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd1945\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u6551\u6d4e\u548c\u5584\u540e\u5173\u6ce8\u751a\u5c11\u3002\u672c\u6587\u91cd\u4f30\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\uff08UNRRA\uff09\u7684\u707e\u540e\u91cd\u5efa\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ece\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u6551\u63f4\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e5f\u501f\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u6218\u540e\u4e9a\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5173\u6ce8\u4e0e\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\uff08CNRRA\uff09\u7f72\u957f\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\uff081895-1965\uff09\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u601d\u60f3\u6c72\u53d6\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u3001\u8de8\u56fd\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u8fd8\u53d7\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8d2b\u7a77\u4e0e\u6218\u65f6\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u66f4\u8d34\u8fd1\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002\u91cd\u5efa\u6210\u529f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u9700\u6c42\u96be\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u201c\u5185\u6218\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u906d\u5230\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u51e0\u8fd1\u8d64\u8d2b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6218\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4ecd\u6709\u53c2\u8003\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u66f4\u957f\u8fdc\u7684\u201c\u540e\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\u201c\u51b7\u6218\u201d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u5e8f\u7ae0\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u5851\u9020\u4e9a\u6d32\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5929\u4e0b\u4e00\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u5317\u5e73\u798f\u5229\u9662500\u540d\u5b64\u513f\u7b7e\u540d\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u753b\u5377\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b64\u513f\u5c06\u753b\u5377\u8d60\u4e88\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u5317\u5e73\u534e\u5317\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u9996\u5e2d\u4ee3\u8868Harald H. Lund.\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6863\u6848\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u62c9\u7eb3\u00b7\u7c73\u7279\uff08Rana Mitter\uff0c\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7cfb\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8bd1\u8005\uff1a\u9648\u8363\u94a2<\/p>\n

\u6218\u65f6\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a\u672c\u571f\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bfd\u8c24\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u5e76\u6697\u793a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u91cd\u5efa\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u66f4\u52a0\u81ea\u529b\u66f4\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u5f88\u607c\u706b\u3002\u8ba9\u4ed6\u607c\u706b\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5728\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u6210\u7acb\u524d\u5f88\u4e45\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5927\u5200\u9614\u65a7\u7684\u6539\u9769\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u7684\u6350\u52a9\u4ece\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u53d7\u76ca\u56fd\u6d41\u5411\u4e86\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u53d7\u63f4\u52a9\u56fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u56fd\u9645\u6295\u5165\u548c\u672c\u571f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u662f\u6210\u529f\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u65b0\u5174\u56fd\u5bb6\u6811\u7acb\u4e86\u699c\u6837\u3002\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff1a\u201c\u662f\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u536b\u751f\u670d\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u867d\u7136\u5728\u2018\u516b\u5e74\u6297\u6218\u2019\u4e2d\u4eba\u624b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5374\u80fd\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u9632\u6b62\u4efb\u4f55\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u533b\u9662\u75c5\u623f\uff081937\u5e74\uff0c\u6c49\u53e3\uff09<\/p>\n

\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u536b\u751f\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u8ba9\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u82f1\u56fd\u827e\u5fb7\u793c\u5de5\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\uff08British Attlee Labour Government, 1945-1951\uff09\u3002\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u79f0\u8d5e\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5de5\u515a\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u593a\u53d6\u4e86\u6743\u529b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5b8f\u5927\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u65e0\u6cd5\u63cf\u8ff0\u5728\u4e34\u65f6\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u62fc\u51d1\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\uff0c\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u65f6\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u662f\u5c06\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3001\u5178\u578b\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\uff08\u5982\u57ce\u5e02\u533b\u9662\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\uff09\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u884c\u653f\u9662\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u6e56\u5317\u5206\u7f72\u6b66\u660c\u96be\u6c11\u533b\u9662\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6863\u6848\uff09<\/p>\n

\u5373\u4f7f\u53d8\u5316\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52aa\u529b\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6218\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u6709\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u4e3a\u6218\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u9886\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6539\u9769\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6539\u9769\u59cb\u4e8e\u6218\u524d\u3002Ruth Rogaski\u66fe\u64b0\u6587\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u536b\u751f\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u201d\uff08hygienic modernity\uff09\u5bf9\u5851\u902020\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u201c\u65b0\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e0e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6709\u5173\u536b\u751f\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u5e76\u884c\u4e0d\u6096\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6e56\u5357\u7701\u6d2a\u6c5f\u5e02\u9ed4\u57ce\u9547\u7559\u5b58\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u6d3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u6807\u8bc6\uff1a\u201c\u660e\u793c\u4e49\u3001\u77e5\u5ec9\u803b\u3001\u8d1f\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u5b88\u7eaa\u5f8b\u201d\u3002\u65b0\u751f\u6d3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u65b0\u8fd0\u201d\uff0c\u662f1934\u5e74\u81f31949\u5e74\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u51fa\u516c\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u6a2a\u8de8\u516b\u5e74\u6297\u6218\uff0c\u63d0\u5021\u7eaa\u5f8b\u3001\u54c1\u5fb7\u3001\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u6574\u6d01\u7b49\uff0c\u4e00\u518d\u6559\u5bfc\u4eba\u6c11\u793c\u4e49\u5ec9\u803b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u968f\u5730\u5410\u75f0\u3001\u968f\u5730\u4e22\u5783\u573e\uff0c\u517b\u6210\u6574\u6d01\u4e60\u60ef\u7b49\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1aWikipedia\uff09<\/p>\n

\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u662f\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u6cbb\u4e0b\u6700\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u533a\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u65b0\u751f\u6d3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5b9e\u8df5\u5730\u3002\u966a\u90fd\u91cd\u5e86\u662f\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u5728\u91cd\u5efa\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\u536b\u751f\u662f\u201c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6297\u6218\u6700\u540e\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u91cd\u5e86\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u90fd\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u536b\u751f\u6539\u826f\u30021944\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u536b\u751f\u5385\u63a5\u5230\u4e2d\u592e\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ea7\u79d1\u6210\u4e3a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u4e2d\u4e4b\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4ed6\u547d\u4ee4\u5305\u62ec\u6e05\u626b\u5927\u8857\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5783\u573e\u548c\u5e9f\u6c34\u3001\u6539\u5584\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u3001\u6539\u5584\u5395\u6240\u548c\u6574\u987f\u5e02\u5bb9\u3002\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u91ce\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6e05\u7406\u623f\u5c4b\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6258\u513f\u6240\u548c\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u536b\u751f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u4eba\u53e3\u8425\u517b\u6c34\u5e73\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u5c06\u6d41\u52a8\u8bca\u6240\u6539\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u536b\u751f\u9662\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6bcf5\u4e2a\u53bf\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u536b\u751f\u9662\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8bbe\u7acb\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5382\u533a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u536b\u751f\u793a\u8303\u533a\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u96c7\u4f63\u5de5\u4eba\u4ece\u4e8b\u7231\u56fd\u6d01\u5395\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u533a\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6cb3\u5357\u90d1\u5dde\u7ed9\u6c11\u4f17\u63a5\u79cd\u970d\u4e71\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u4e00\u5468\u65f6\u95f4\u63a5\u79cd\u4e00\u4e07\u4eba\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6863\u6848\uff09<\/p>\n

\u516c\u6c11\u5e94\u627f\u8bfa\u670d\u4ece\u201c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6e05\u6d01\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6fc0\u52b1\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4f1a\u8bae\u548c\u96c6\u5e02\u5f00\u5c55\u536b\u751f\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u62bd\u67e5\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u201c\u536b\u751f\u7ade\u8d5b\u201d\uff0c\u8fdd\u89c4\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7f5a\u6b3e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52a8\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4fdd\u969c\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u5c40\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u9884\u7b97\u501f\u6b3e\u6216\u52df\u6350\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91cd\u5e86\u79ef\u6781\u56de\u5e94\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4f46\u53d7\u5230\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u573a\u5371\u673a\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5176\u4e00\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u201c\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6280\u672f\u201d\uff0c\u505a\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u7684\u6539\u9769\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\u5c31\u662f\u5229\u7528\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u7684\u6551\u6d4e\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5229\u7528\u540e\u8005\u5728\u524d\u8005\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u518d\u63a5\u518d\u5389\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1946\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u6f14\u793a\u9752\u9709\u7d20\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6863\u6848\uff09<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1946\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u5b64\u513f\u9662\u62a4\u58eb\u4e3a\u5b64\u513f\u51b2\u6ce1\u5976\u7c89\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6863\u6848\uff09<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1946\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u6d3e\u5f80\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u6765\u81ea\u53e4\u5df4\u54c8\u74e6\u90a3\u7684Margot Quintana\u535a\u58eb\u6b63\u5728\u6307\u5bfc\u7259\u79d1\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6863\u6848\uff09<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1946\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u6b63\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u6027\u75c5\u6cbb\u7597\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6863\u6848\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u5fc5\u7136\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\u3002\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u5728\u6218\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8c03\u67e5\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u654c\u5360\u533a\u6b63\u906d\u53d7\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8425\u517b\u4e0d\u826f\u4e4b\u82e6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u91cd\u5e86\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u519c\u6751\uff0c\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u532e\u4e4f\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u505a\u5f53\u5730\u529b\u6240\u80fd\u53ca\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u56db\u5ddd\u5404\u53bf\uff0c\u5584\u540e\u5de5\u4f5c\u62a5\u544a\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u91ce\u5fc3\u5374\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e72\u51c0\u7684\u6c34\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u5395\u6240\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u67d0\u53bf\u5b98\u5458\u96c6\u4e2d\u7cbe\u529b\u201c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e95\u6c34\u6e05\u6d01\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u4e95\u91cc\u6d17\u83dc\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e95\u4e0a\u52a0\u76d6\u3002\u201d\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u53bf\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5173\u95ed\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6076\u81ed\u7684\u5395\u6240\uff0c\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u516d\u4e2a\uff0c\u65b0\u5efa\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53bf\uff0c41\u6b21\u536b\u751f\u884c\u52a8\u6d88\u8017\u4e8682015\u6876\u6d88\u6bd2\u5242\uff0c\u65b0\u5efa\u4e8614\u4e2a\u5395\u6240\uff0c\u6d88\u6bd2\u4e8657\u4e2a\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u75be\u75c5\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u201c\u65b0\u751f\u6d3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u56fe\u89e3<\/p>\n

\u4f4e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u533b\u7597\u5065\u4fdd\u65b9\u6848\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u671f\u4f5c\u6743\u5b9c\u4e4b\u8ba1\u662f\u591f\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u6218\u540e\u7684\u6311\u6218\u30021945\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u7a81\u7136\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u4efb\u52a1\u53d8\u5f97\u8feb\u5728\u7709\u776b\u3002\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u3002\u5916\u754c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u7565\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5c31\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u88ab\u6467\u6bc1\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n

1945\u5e748\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u6295\u964d\u4e24\u5468\u540e\uff0cHarry B. Price\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u6551\u6d4e\u4e0e\u5584\u540e\u7684\u7d27\u8feb\u95ee\u9898\u300b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u7528Price\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u6295\u964d\u6781\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u6551\u6d4e\u4e0e\u5584\u540e\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

Price\u8be2\u95ee\u7f8e\u56fd\u6218\u7565\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40\uff08OSS\uff09\u6216\u4e2d\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6765\u505a\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0cPrice\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a16\u4e2a\u677f\u5757\uff1a\u5f53\u5730\u60c5\u62a5\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e86\u89e3\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u62a5\uff09\uff0c\u4f9b\u5e94\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u89e3\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff09\uff0c\u822a\u8fd0\uff0c\u8fd0\u8f93\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8d27\u7269\u5206\u914d\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u660e\u786e\u6743\u529b\uff09\uff0c\u6551\u707e\u7269\u8d44\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u536b\u751f\u548c\u533b\u7597\u6551\u6d4e\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6551\u6d4e\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5584\u540e\uff0c\u4ea4\u901a\u5584\u540e\uff0c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5584\u540e\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u548c\u6e14\u4e1a\u5584\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u5404\u9879\u65b9\u6848\u63d0\u4f9b\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6551\u6d4e\u548c\u5584\u540e\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u8d22\u653f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u4ece\u519b\u961f\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u6c11\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n

Price\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u91d1\u878d\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8fc7\u53bb\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u90fd\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u6df1\u91cd\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5c31\u73b0\u5728\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u9002\u5ea6\u7684\u7d27\u6025\u6551\u6d4e\u8ba1\u5212\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u5f97\u5230\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5145\u5206\u7684\u6551\u6d4e\u548c\u5584\u540e\u5de5\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u652f\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u4ece\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u83b7\u5f97\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6551\u707e\u7269\u8d44\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u91d1\u6765\u652f\u4ed8\u6551\u6d4e\u548c\u5584\u540e\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u7269\u8d44\u548c\u670d\u52a1\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u8981\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5168\u9762\u534f\u8c03\u201d\uff0c\u628a\u6551\u6d4e\u548c\u5584\u540e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u653f\u5e9c\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u7684\u533b\u7597\u5371\u673a\u4f7fPrice\u8981\u6c42\u533b\u9662\u5bf9\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u6cbb\u7597\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u5168\u9762\u89c4\u5212\u201d\u3002Price\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u7d27\u6025\u65b9\u6848\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u9700\u8981\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u533a\u88ab\u89e3\u653e\u201d\u65f6\u7528\u5f97\u4e0a\u7684\u60c5\u62a5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u5b98\u5458Raymond T. Moyer\u548cMildred Bonnell\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u884c\u7a0b\u7ea6885\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u6a2a\u8de8\u707e\u5bb3\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6cb3\u5357\u4e2d\u897f\u90e8\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u91c7\u8bbf\u5f53\u5730\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u5e76\u4eb2\u81ea\u89c6\u5bdf\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u5730\u533a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f30\u8ba1\u53d7\u707e\u5730\u533a\u4eba\u53e3\u7ea61200\u4e07\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u4f30\u8ba1\u7ea6200\u4e07\u4eba\u6025\u9700\u6551\u6d4e\u3002\u6cb3\u5357\u897f\u90e8\u53ea\u670930%\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n

1945\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u5927\u91cf\u96be\u6c11\u5916\u9003\uff0c\u623f\u5c4b\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u88ab\u6bc1\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u5f53\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5728\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ea7\u4e1a\u51e0\u4e4e\u88ab\u6bc1\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e24\u4f4d\u5b98\u5458\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7ea650\u4e07\u4eba\u7f3a\u8863\u5c11\u7cae\uff0c10\u4e07\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u88ab\u6bc1\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c1114\u4e07\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5ba3\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u6551\u6d4e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u540c\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u5584\u540e\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5230\u79cb\u5929\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6c11\u4f17\u5c31\u80fd\u7a0d\u5fae\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u5bf9\u6551\u6d4e\u548c\u5584\u540e\u95ee\u9898\u62b1\u6709\u6781\u5927\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u6551\u6d4e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u2018\u8bda\u5b9e\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u2019\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u2018\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u6548\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6765\u8ddf\u8fdb\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u548c\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u5bf9\u6218\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5728\u6218\u540e\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u653f\u6743\u8ba9\u4f4d\u4e8e\u76df\u519b\u5360\u9886\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5f53\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5360\u9886\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

1945\u5e74\u590f\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u627f\u62c5\u8d77\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u5360\u9886\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u524d\u7ebf\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5145\u5206\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

1945\u5e74\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u662f\u7531\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u9003\u4ea1\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u96be\u6c11\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4e1c\u6b27\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u4e1c\u6b27\u5306\u5fd9\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u9886\u571f\u8fc5\u901f\u89e3\u4f53\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u9677\u5165\u5185\u6218\uff081946-1949\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u540c\u65f6\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c1945\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u7a81\u7136\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5360\u9886\u533a\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u5f31\u7684\u653f\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6218\u4e89\u5f00\u59cb\u524d\uff0c\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u8ba4\u5b9a\u201c\u519b\u9600\u201d\u548c\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3e\u7cfb\u201d\u662f\u9020\u6210\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2d\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u201c\u9010\u6b65\u8d70\u5411\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7edf\u4e00\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e00\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5355\u4f4d\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u5c31\u4e3b\u5f20\u5b66\u4e60\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cdb\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8981\u6c42\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5355\u4f4d\u624d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6548\u7387\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u5fbd\u829c\u6e56\uff0c\u7531\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u548c\u201c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u4e34\u65f6\u5b89\u7f6e\u70b9\u6536\u5bb9\u4e86125\u4e2a\u96be\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u4f4f\u572850\u4e2a\u5927\u5e10\u7bf7\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bbe\u6709\u7537\u5973\u5395\u6240\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\u53a8\u623f\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6863\u6848\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u671f\u76fc\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u540e\u679c\u662fPrasenjit Duara\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u4f20\u7edf\u6743\u529b\u7ebd\u5e26\u201d\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ebd\u5e26\u5728\u5357\u4eac\u653f\u5e9c\u65f6\u671f\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u538b\u529b\u30021937\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u96be\u6c11\u5916\u9003\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u571f\u5730\u4e0e\u571f\u5730\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5f0f\u88ab\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ebd\u5e26\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n

Toby Lincoln\u5bf9\u65e0\u9521\u5730\u533a\u6240\u505a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u6700\u521d\u5360\u9886\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u90e8\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u957f\u4e09\u89d2\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u57281937\u5e74\u81f31938\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6700\u521d\u9636\u6bb5\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u91cd\u7834\u574f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u8f83\u5dee\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u88ab\u5360\u9886\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u9760\u8fd1\u94c1\u8def\u7ebf\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u90fd\u5f88\u96be\u6e17\u900f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u524a\u5f31\u751a\u81f3\u6d88\u9664\u5730\u65b9\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u30021938\u5e746\u6708\u9ec4\u6cb3\u51b3\u5824\u540e\uff0c\u534e\u4e2d\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6d2a\u6c34\u5bf9\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u9020\u6210\u707e\u96be\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u4e43\u81f3\u66f4\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u534e\u4e2d\u5730\u533a\u5728\u201c\u8c6b\u6e58\u6842\u4f1a\u6218\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca1945\u5e74\u7684\u6218\u5f79\u4e2d\u518d\u6b21\u906d\u5230\u91cd\u5927\u7834\u574f\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1938\u5e746\u6708\u9ec4\u6cb3\u82b1\u56ed\u53e3\u51b3\u5824\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u201c\u9ec4\u6cdb\u533a\u201d\uff0c\u707e\u5bb3\u9020\u6210\u7ea6391.1\u4e07\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u96be\u6c11\uff0c1200\u4e07\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u786e\u5b9e\u5982\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u6240\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u7834\u574f\u4e861937\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u519b\u9600\u4eec\u7684\u9886\u5730\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u80a1\u65b0\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5374\u6a2a\u7a7a\u51fa\u4e16\u3002\u6218\u540e\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e0d\u662f\u519b\u9600\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u793e\u4f1a\u5951\u7ea6\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002\u8fd9\u7ed9\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3b\u4e49\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u7d27\u8feb\u6027\u3002\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u6743\u529b\u51b2\u7a81\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u66b4\u529b\u548c\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u5185\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6df7\u4e71\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u5168\u5883\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u5e74\u4ee3\u906d\u53d7\u91cd\u5927\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7834\u574f\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u540e\u679c\u5c24\u5176\u660e\u663e\u3002\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u548c\u201c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u5728\u4e3a\u91cd\u5efa\u5de5\u4f5c\u641c\u96c6\u60c5\u62a5\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u9047\u4e0a\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u9965\u8352\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5728\u6e56\u5357\u8861\u9633\u5730\u533a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u7ecf\u5e38\u906d\u9047\u66b4\u529b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u8012\u9633\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea63\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u5c0f\u57ce\u7adf\u6ca1\u6709\u7cae\u98df\u53ef\u5356\u3002
\n\u4eba\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u6124\u6012\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u505c\u4e71\u7a9c\uff0c\u5927\u558a\u5927\u53eb\uff0c\u4e89\u5435\u4e0d\u4f11\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u6324\u7740\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u58eb\u5175\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a8\u5f00\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u8138\u548c\u5934\u88ab\u51fb\u4e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u6293\u4f4f\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u63a5\u8fd1\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u6254\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u884c\u7684\u8def\u4e0a\uff0c\u54ed\u558a\u7740\u8981\u4e1c\u897f\u5403\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8003\u5bdf\u961f\u79bb\u5f00\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u906d\u5230\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u56f4\u653b\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u5927\u7ea6\u67091500\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u201c\u4ee4\u4eba\u6050\u60e7\u800c\u6cae\u4e27\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u201d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6301\u67aa\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u5f3a\u8feb\u4eba\u7fa4\u653e\u884c\u624d\u7b97\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u5730\u5b98\u5458\u8bf4\u4ed6\u786e\u4fe1\u6ca1\u6709\u56e4\u79ef\u7cae\u98df\u3002\u5728\u6e56\u5357\u96f6\u9675\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u8c03\u67e5\u5458Vera McCord\u7528\u201c\u66b4\u6c11\u201d\u548c\u201c\u66b4\u52a8\u201d\u6765\u5f62\u5bb9\u722c\u4e0a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8f66\u7d22\u8981\u98df\u7269\u7684\u9965\u997f\u513f\u7ae5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9009\u62e9\u6e56\u5357\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u6765\u8c03\u67e5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u4ea4\u901a\u6761\u4ef6\u5141\u8bb8\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u201c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u5b89\u5168\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8003\u91cf\u56e0\u7d20\u88ab\u5217\u5728\u201c\u9965\u8352\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u201d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7684\u5730\u533a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u7cdf\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1946\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u6e56\u5357\u8861\u9633\u9965\u6c11\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6863\u6848\uff09<\/p>\n

\u9965\u8352\u7684\u6050\u60e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u6218\u524d\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\u201d\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u66fe\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u519c\u6751\u590d\u5174\u8bae\u9898\u3002Sunil Amrith\u548cPatricia Clavin\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\u201d\u5728\u6218\u524d\u5982\u4f55\u501f\u9274\u4e1c\u6b27\u519c\u6751\u590d\u5174\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6765\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u63a8\u5e7f\u201c\u53d1\u5c55\u201d\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u6539\u9769\u5bb6\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u501f\u9274\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff09\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u6280\u672f\u53d8\u9769\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u8425\u517b\u4e0d\u826f\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e9a\u6d32\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e3b\u5f20\u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u89c4\u5212\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5904\u7406\u6f5c\u5728\u7cae\u98df\u5b89\u5168\u5371\u673a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

1937\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u8377\u5c5e\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u7fa4\u5c9b\u7684\u4e07\u9686\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u5173\u4e8e\u519c\u6751\u536b\u751f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e0e\u4f1a\u7684\u8054\u76df\u5b98\u5458\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u2018\u519c\u6751\u590d\u5174\u2019\u90fd\u662f\u62a5\u7eb8\u5934\u6761\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u5728\u8c08\u8bba\u3002\u201d\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u66b9\u7f57\u3001\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u90fd\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u54cd\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u51b2\u7a81\u5373\u5c06\u6467\u6bc1\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

1945\u5e74\uff0c\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u4ed6\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u8bd5\u56fe\u91cd\u62fe\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u9762\u524d\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6de1\u5316\u751a\u81f3\u653e\u5f03\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u7cae\u98df\u6781\u5ea6\u532e\u4e4f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6cb3\u5357\u3001\u5c71\u897f\u3001\u5c71\u4e1c\u3001\u6c5f\u82cf\u3001\u798f\u5efa\u3001\u6e56\u5357\u3001\u5e7f\u897f\u3001\u8d35\u5dde\u3001\u5b89\u5fbd\u7b49\u7701\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u548c\u201c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u6700\u7d27\u8feb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u9884\u4f30\uff0c1946\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u7ea6676\u4e07\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6025\u9700\u7cae\u98df\uff0c\u7ea63280\u4e07\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u7cae\u98df\u3002\u5b98\u65b9\u53f2\u6599\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4ec5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5c31\u8d85\u8fc7\u2018\u603b\u7f72\u2019\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6551\u6d4e\u8d44\u6e90\u603b\u6570\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u57281946\u5e74\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4f9b\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9001\u6765\u7684\u9762\u7c89\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u786c\u90a6\u90a6\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5403\u571f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u80a0\u6897\u963b\u3002\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u7269\u8d44\u6765\u91cd\u5efa\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46McCord\u51fa\u4e8e\u7edd\u671b\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u770b\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5c06\u66f4\u591a\u7269\u8d44\u7528\u4e8e\u7f13\u89e3\u4e2a\u4f53\u8d64\u8d2b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u94b1\u8282\u7701\u4e0b\u6765\u652f\u4ed8\u5de5\u4f5c\u6551\u6d4e\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1946\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u8861\u9633\u5b64\u513f\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6863\u6848\uff09<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1946\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u6e56\u5357\u9965\u6c11\u9886\u53d6\u9762\u7c89\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6863\u6848\uff09<\/p>\n

1946\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u798f\u5229\u8c03\u67e5\u5c0f\u7ec4\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e86\u6e56\u5357\u8861\u9633\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u8425\u3002\u201c\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u7ed3\u675f\u8fd1\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ecd\u7136\u4e00\u7247\u6df7\u4e71\u3002\u8861\u9633\u66fe\u662f\u201c\u8c6b\u6e58\u6842\u4f1a\u6218\u201d\u6700\u8270\u82e6\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6218\u573a\u3002\u96be\u6c11\u7684\u6b7b\u8d70\u9003\u4ea1\u52a0\u4e0a\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6551\u707e\u5de5\u4f5c\u9762\u4e34\u91cd\u5927\u969c\u788d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8861\u9633\u5e02\u957f\u8c08\u5230\u4eba\u53e3\u4ece15\u4e07\u589e\u52a0\u523020\u4e07\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u67099\u4e07\u4eba\u6025\u9700\u7cae\u98df\u3002\u798f\u5229\u8c03\u67e5\u5c0f\u7ec4\u8d70\u8bbf\u4e86\u7b2c5\u53f7\u96be\u6c11\u8425\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u6709600\u6765\u4eba\u4f4f\u5728\u5e10\u7bf7\u91cc\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u80fd\u9632\u6691\u3002\u96be\u6c11\u4e25\u91cd\u8425\u517b\u4e0d\u826f\u3002\u4f9b\u9700\u54c1\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u9762\u7c89\u6ca1\u6cd5\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u70f9\u996a\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u627f\u8bfa\u7684\u725b\u5976\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea4\u4ed8\u3002\u5b98\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e2d\u65ad\u201d\uff0c\u8857\u5934\u6bcf\u5929\u6a2a\u5c3830\u4eba\u5de6\u53f3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u62a5\u544a\u8fd8\u8bf4\uff0c\u96be\u6c11\u8425\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u8d1d\u5c14\u6839-\u8d1d\u5c14\u68ee\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\uff08Belsen\uff09\u4e00\u6837\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u5370\u5ea6\u6218\u65f6\u7684\u9965\u8352\u8fd8\u8981\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u5d29\u574f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6e56\u5357\u7701\u5404\u5730\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u201c\u8c6b\u6e58\u6842\u4f1a\u6218\u201d\u671f\u95f4\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d7\u707e\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7834\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\u30021945\u5e74\u81f31946\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u5185\u6218\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\u524d\uff0c\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u4eba\u5458\u8d70\u8bbf\u4e86\u8861\u9633\u548c\u96f6\u9675\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96f6\u9675\u7684\u9965\u8352\u8c03\u67e5\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7ec4\u957fVera McCord\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u533a52.8\u4e07\u4eba\u4e2d\u7ea6\u670915.8\u4e07\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u6551\u6d4e\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u8fd8\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5979\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c1947\u5e74\u6709\u6b49\u6536\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u63f4\u52a9\u519c\u6c11\u662f\u5f53\u52a1\u4e4b\u6025\u3002\u8ddd\u79bb\u96f6\u9675\u5e0215\u81f3180\u91cc\u7684\u6751\u5e84\u6709\u811a\u6c14\u548c\u759f\u75be\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u51fa\u751f\u7387\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u6240\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8861\u9633\u5904\u5728\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5730\u533a\u30021945\u5e7411\u6708\u548c12\u6708\uff0c\u5f53Moyer\u548cBonnell\u8d70\u8bbf\u6cb3\u5357\u897f\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6d2a\u6c34\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5360\u9886\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u7684\u63a0\u593a\u3002\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u6625\u5b63\u548c\u590f\u5b63\uff0c\u4e2d\u65e5\u519b\u961f\u5728\u6cb3\u5357\u897f\u90e8\u6709\u51e0\u573a\u91cd\u5927\u6218\u5f79\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cb3\u5357\u897f\u90e8\u7ea6\u67091200\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d200\u4e07\u4eba\u6025\u9700\u7269\u8d44\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e1a\u5df2\u88ab\u6467\u6bc1, \u800c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5df2\u4ece\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u8fd0\u8d70\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u3002\u766b\u75eb\u75c5\u76db\u884c, \u800c\u53ea\u6709\u5927\u7ea630%\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u5f53\u5730\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u8c03\u67e5\u4eba\u5458\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u75be\u75c5\uff0c 80%-90%\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u751f\u75c5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u8c03\u67e5\u5458\u7684\u611f\u60f3\u88ab\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u622a\u7136\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u201c\u6cb3\u5357\u897f\u90e8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5b8c\u7f8e\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u6551\u6d4e\u548c\u5584\u540e\u7684\u5929\u624d\u60f3\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5207\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6e56\u5357\u8861\u9633\u8352\u5e9f\u7684\u7a3b\u7530\uff0c\u8352\u5e9f\u539f\u56e0\u5305\u62ec\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7834\u574f\u3001\u5e72\u65f1\u3001\u7272\u53e3\u77ed\u7f3a\u3001\u79cd\u5b50\u548c\u80a5\u6599\u77ed\u7f3a\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8fdc\u5904\u662f\u8352\u5e9f\u7684\u519c\u820d\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6863\u6848\uff09<\/p>\n

\u793e\u4f1a\u5d29\u6e83\u4e5f\u9f13\u52b1\u4e86\u66f4\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u6297\u30021946\u5e7412\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u5730\u533a\u4ee3\u8868Harald H. Lund\u5728\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u4e3b\u4efbGlen Edgerton\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u62b1\u6028\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u641c\u67e5\u201c\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u7684\u5361\u8f66\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u53f8\u673a\u4ee5\u524d\u90fd\u4e3a\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5f00\u8f66\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u56fd\u5171\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5730\u533a\u5fc5\u987b\u8c28\u614e\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u5411\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u8fd0\u9001\u7269\u8d44\u800c\u4e0d\u5411\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5468\u56f4\u5730\u533a\u8fd0\u9001\u7269\u8d44\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u660e\u667a\u7684\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u534e\u5317\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u6709\u66b4\u529b\u51b2\u7a81\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u59821946\u5e7411\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u4e00\u652f\u6551\u63f4\u8f66\u961f\u5728\u5317\u5e73\u548c\u627f\u5fb7\u4e4b\u95f4\u88ab\u52ab\u6301\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u5feb\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u9519\u8bef\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u4ed8\u4e8630\u4e07\u5143\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d54\u507f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u8bd5\u56fe\u5229\u7528\u201c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u7684\u8f66\u961f\u653b\u51fb\u4e2d\u5171\u63a7\u5236\u533a\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u7cae\u98df\u548c\u7269\u8d44\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u7b79\u7801\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u5f00\u59cb\u7834\u88c2\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u8ba1\u5212\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u5bf9\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u770b\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u786e\uff1a\u201c\u65e0\u8bba\u2018\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u2019\u5982\u4f55\u88c5\u9970\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u4ece\u672a\u50cf\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u6551\u63f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u56fd\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u662f\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u5584\u540e\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\u6b63\u5728\u4e3a\u66f4\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u521b\u9020\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u7684\u5371\u673a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ebb\u70e6\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5b83\u65e9\u65e9\u9000\u51fa\u5386\u53f2\u821e\u53f0\u4e5f\u8bb8\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u662f\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u8054\u76df\u201d\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u4ee4\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u538c\u6076\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u53ea\u548c\u88ab\u5f81\u670d\u548c\u88ab\u89e3\u653e\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u6837\u53d7\u5230\u6467\u6b8b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e24\u5e74\u524d\u624d\u6062\u590d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u76df\u56fd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd8\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u6240\u9690\u542b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u654f\u611f\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5230\u4e861946\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u548c\u201c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u538b\u529b\u3002\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u5f88\u662f\u4e3a\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5584\u540e\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u7ed3\u6784\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u83b7\u51c6\u51fa\u552e\u90e8\u5206\u201c\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u63f4\u52a9\u7269\u8d44\u6765\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u589e\u6536\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d27\u5e01\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd0\u5f80\u5185\u5730\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u8fd9\u8feb\u4f7f\u201c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5411\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u8d37\u6b3e\uff0c\u8fd9\u53c8\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u201c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u5728\u884c\u653f\u9662\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u9010\u6b65\u5b9e\u73b0\u5584\u540e\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6cb3\u5357\u90d1\u5dde\u201c\u9ec4\u6cdb\u533a\u201d\u822a\u62cd\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6863\u6848\uff09<\/p>\n

1946\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6536\u5230\u62a5\u544a\u79f0\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u6e2f\u5806\u79ef\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7269\u8d44\u3002\u4e8b\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u9876\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u8ba9\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u524d\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\u957fFiorello LaGuardia\u4e0b\u4ee4\u7981\u6b62\u518d\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd0\u9001\u7269\u8d44\u30027\u6708\uff0c\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u6124\u6012\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u53d1\u5e03\u4f1a\u3002\u636e\u300a\u7533\u62a5\u300b\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u56de\u5e94\u4e86\u6279\u8bc4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u516b\u5e74\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u201c\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u6467\u6bc1\u4e86\u6c34\u8fd0\u548c\u94c1\u8def\u8fd0\u8f93\u7f51\u7edc\u201d\uff0c\u74f6\u9888\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u60c5\u51b5\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u6240\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u57281946\u5e743\u6708\u4e4b\u524d\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7684\u8fd156\u4e07\u5428\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u7269\u8d44\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u67097.9\u4e07\u5428\u6ca1\u6709\u57286\u6708\u524d\u8fd0\u8f93\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u8fd8\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u67092%\u7684\u7269\u8d44\u80fd\u8fd0\u8fbe\u4e2d\u5171\u63a7\u5236\u533a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u201c\u5409\u666e\u8f66\u3001\u94c1\u8def\u548c\u6c7d\u8239\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u6cb3\u9632\u7269\u8d44\u7b49\u201d\u7b49\u7269\u8d44\u4e0d\u662f\u666e\u904d\u5206\u914d\u7684\uff0c80%\u7684\u7269\u8d44\u90fd\u662f\u7cae\u98df\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u4e2d\u5171\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u7cae\u98df\u4e30\u6536\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5206\u914d\u7269\u8d44\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6309\u9700\u5206\u914d\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u5728\u540e\u6765\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e3a\u201c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u8fa9\u62a4\u30021946\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u79bb\u4efb\u524d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u548c\u201c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ece6\u6708\u5e95\u52307\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u201c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u6ca1\u6709\u94b1\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7ed9\u8d37\u6b3e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u4ed6\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u673a\u6784\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5408\u7406\u5316\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u5728\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u8bc4\u4ef7\u662f\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u3002
\n\u6ca1\u6709\u9001\u8fbe\u539f\u5b9a\u53d7\u52a9\u8005\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u7ea6\u670910%\u81f315%\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u768470%\u81f380%\u60f3\u5fc5\u7ed9\u5230\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8d64\u5b57\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5206\u914d\u7f13\u89e3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u5168\u4f53\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u77ed\u7f3a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u622a\u81f31947\u5e7410\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u5174\u5efa\u7684\u9632\u6d2a\u3001\u704c\u6e89\u548c\u6392\u6c34\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u7ea6\u6709436.6\u4e07\u82f1\u4ea9\u571f\u5730\u88ab\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7b51\u5824\u548c\u4fee\u590d\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6570\u500d\u4e8e\u6b64\u7684\u571f\u5730\u5f97\u5230\u9632\u6d2a\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ea6\u6709200\u4e07\u81f3300\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\u4ece\u9965\u8352\u4e2d\u83b7\u6551\uff0c800\u4e07\u81f3900\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\uff08\u5305\u62ec100\u4e07\u96be\u6c11\uff09\u5728\u8fd4\u56de\u5bb6\u56ed\u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u63f4\u52a9\u3002200\u591a\u4e07\u4eba\u5728\u201c\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u83b7\u5f97\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1946\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5c71\u4e1c\u519c\u6c11\u53d7\u201c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u4e4b\u6258\u5c06\u9762\u7c89\u5206\u53d1\u7ed9\u6751\u6c11\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6863\u6848\uff09<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u5e2e\u52a9\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u201c\u51e0\u5343\u82f1\u91cc\u201d\u516c\u8def\u548c\u94c1\u8def\u8def\u57fa\u3002\u4ece\u4e8b\u536b\u751f\u3001\u758f\u6d5a\u548c\u5efa\u7b51\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5f53\u5730\u5de5\u4e1a\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u4f7f400\u591a\u4e07\u82f1\u4ea9\u571f\u5730\u6062\u590d\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c3000\u4e07\u82f1\u4ea9\u571f\u5730\u5f97\u5230\u989d\u5916\u4fdd\u62a4\u30027100\u591a\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u5584\u540e\u7269\u8d44\u6781\u5927\u5730\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u7cae\u98df\u4ea7\u91cf\u51e0\u4e4e\u6062\u590d\u5230\u6218\u524d\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u5584\u540e\u5de5\u4f5c\u53d6\u5f97\u5de8\u5927\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5f00\u57a6\u571f\u5730\u7684\u5e74\u7cae\u98df\u4ea7\u91cf\u5c06\u662f\u201c\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u63f4\u52a9\u7cae\u98df\u603b\u91cf\u7684\u56db\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u56f0\u96be\u548c\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u652f\u6301\u63f4\u52a9\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5185\u6218\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u548c\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u5e7f\u6cdb\u548c\u6301\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u548c\u201c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u4ece\u672a\u8fbe\u5230\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u63a7\u5236\u4f4f\u5b98\u50da\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u6548\u7387\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u53cd\u5bf9\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u4e5f\u65e0\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ea4\u6218\u5404\u65b9\u7684\u65a1\u65cb\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5584\u540e\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u89c4\u6a21\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u7834\u574f\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5374\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0d\u5e94\u63a9\u76d6\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u773c\u524d\u7684\u6551\u6d4e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7ee7\u7eed\u548c\u6269\u59271937\u5e74\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u671d\u7740\u4e9a\u6d32\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u524d\u8fdb<\/strong><\/p>\n

1947\u5e74\uff0c\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u8be5\u8bba\u70b9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e26\u6709\u4ed6\u5bf9\u201c\u5e03\u96f7\u987f\u68ee\u6797\u4f53\u7cfb\u201d\uff08Bretton Woods\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u6267\u7740\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53d7\u5b59\u79d1\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u672a\u6765\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e50\u89c2\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d2b\u7a77\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u707e\u96be\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5207\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u5171\u5b58\u3001\u5171\u540c\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u90fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56e0\u7d20\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u4f5c\u5c31\u4f1a\u987a\u5229\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u5982\u679c\u201d\u900f\u9732\u51fa\u51e0\u5206\u5fc3\u9178\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u76f4\u52301949\u5e74\uff0c\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u8fd8\u5728\u4e3a\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6539\u9769\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

1949\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7684\u6f14\u8bf4\u4e2d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5f3a\u5236\u5c06\u4f43\u519c\u7684\u79df\u91d1\u4ece\u571f\u5730\u4ea7\u51fa\u768450%\u51cf\u81f333%\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4eba\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u6539\u9769\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u52a8\u9759\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u79cd\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u66f4\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u79cd\u5b50\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u548c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u80a5\u6599\uff0c\u66f4\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u704c\u6e89\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9500\u552e\uff0c\u66f4\u7cbe\u826f\u7684\u52a0\u5de5\u673a\u68b0\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u519c\u4e1a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6240\u5728\u6218\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c34\u7a3b\u548c\u8c37\u7269\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e8611%\u81f313%\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fdb\u53e3\u68c9\u82b1\u79cd\u5b50\uff0c\u6539\u8fdb\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u704c\u6e89\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u201c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u73b0\u653f\u5e9c\u505a\u5f97\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u3002\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u505a\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u5b83\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u89c6\u800c\u4e0d\u89c1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u88ab\u5730\u4e3b\u9636\u7ea7\u5229\u76ca\u652f\u914d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

1949\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u5f53\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u53d1\u8868\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bb2\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fa9\u89e3\u5df2\u7ecf\u592a\u8fdf\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u89c6\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u5373\u5c06\u88ab\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u51fa\u4ed6\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u6fc0\u8fdb\u653f\u6cbb\u538b\u5012\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u8f9b\u9178\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u548c\u201c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6218\u540e\u552f\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d9\u4e8b\u5b8c\u5168\u6a21\u7cca\u4e86\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u6218\u540e\u4e16\u754c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u56fd\u5171\u4e24\u515a\u5e76\u975e\u5b64\u7acb\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u663e\u7136\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u628a\u53d7\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0e\u5b83\u65e5\u76ca\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\u6218\u540e\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c01\u5efa\u548c\u53cd\u52a8\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u5229\u7528\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u548c\u201c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n

\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u6218\u540e\u5bf9\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u6cb3\u8c37\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u827e\u5fb7\u793c\u5de5\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u94a6\u4f69\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u4ed6\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4ed6\u6218\u524d\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5185\u6218\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u65e7\u653f\u6743\u548c\u65b0\u653f\u6743\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u6218\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6218\u540e\u4e0d\u540c\u613f\u666f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u6218\u3002\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u6a21\u5f0f\u663e\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u52301937\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8054\u7cfb\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u76df\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u540e\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u6218\u4e89\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u5851\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e74\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u793e\u4f1a\u6539\u9769\u548c\u536b\u751f\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u6218\u540e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5f02\u7c7b\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u6a21\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\u3002<\/p>\n

W.W Rostow\u540e\u6765\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6218\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6218\u540e\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u8ba1\u5212\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5b58\u5728\u4e25\u91cd\u7f3a\u9677\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5728\u81ea\u8eab\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u91cd\u538b\u4e0b\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u201c\u5c01\u5efa\u201d\u653f\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1946\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u9996\u5e2d\u517d\u533bHarry Ferguson\u535a\u58eb\u628a\u65b0\u578b\u725b\u761f\u75ab\u82d7\u5f15\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\uff08\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6863\u6848\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6218\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5584\u540e\u5de5\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u66f4\u957f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u6218\u540e\u4e9a\u6d32\u793e\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u201c\u53d1\u5c55\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u573a\u6240\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u88ab\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u9009\u62e9\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u4e0b\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6258\u7ba1\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u97e9\u56fd\u674e\u627f\u665a\u7684\u5a01\u6743\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4e9a\u6d32\u53ca\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u6210\u5458\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u878d\u5165\u4e9a\u6d32\u56fd\u9645\u65b0\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba11949\u5e74\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u6218\u8d25\u5c06\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6539\u53d8\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u57281949\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e5f\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u5927\u9646\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\u3002<\/p>\n

\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u57281949\u5e7410\u6708\u7684\u6f14\u8bf4\u4e2d\u5ba3\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8d2b\u7a77\uff0c\u9996\u8981\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002\u201d1950\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5728\u5927\u9646\u7684\u653f\u6743\u57ae\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u8d70\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u66f4\u957f\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4e9a\u6d32\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0e\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4fdd\u6301\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u8981\u6279\u8bc4\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5f97\u6bd4\u6211\u5728\u4f60\u4eec\u520a\u7269\u4e0a\u8bfb\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6279\u8bc4\u66f4\u5207\u4e2d\u8981\u5bb3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u6bd4\u5317\u5e73\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6743\u8981\u597d\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\uff0c\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e9a\u6d32\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u540c\u6837\u6839\u672c\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6f14\u8bf4\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u91cc\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e9a\u6d32\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u201c\u4e25\u91cd\u8003\u9a8c\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\uff09\u8010\u5fc3\u201d\u3002\u5728\u539f\u7a3f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u5c06\u56de\u60f3\u8d77\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6240\u9047\u5230\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u4f60\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u9047\u5230\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u6c11\u4f17\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u6700\u540e\u88ab\u5220\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u75b2\u60eb\u7684\u6124\u6012\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u8bd5\u56fe\u8ba9\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u884c\u653f\u9662\u5584\u540e\u6551\u6d4e\u603b\u7f72\u201d\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6743\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ed3\u76df\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u699c\u6837\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728\u540e\u6765\u770b\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u5f53\u65f6\u66f4\u6709\u9884\u89c1\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u201c\u4e8c\u6218\u201d\u540e\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5907\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd1945\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u6551\u6d4e\u548c\u5584\u540e\u5173\u6ce8\u751a\u5c11\u3002\u672c\u6587\u91cd\u4f30\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u201c\u8054\u5408 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5,17,8],"tags":[20460,12686],"views":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72310"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=72310"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72310\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":72317,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72310\/revisions\/72317"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=72310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=72310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=72310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}