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\u91d1\u9e9f\u53cb\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u529e\u7684\u8d70\u8bfb\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u4e66\uff0c\u963f\u971e\u5e2e\u5fd9\u5728\u5987\u5973\u4e2d\u4f20\u6559\uff0c1859\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7537\u5b69\u53d6\u540d\u91d1\u4f69\u7980\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u6b63\u503c\u4e2d\u82f1\u95f4\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\uff081856-1860\uff09\u30021861\u5e74\uff0c\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u961f\u653b\u5165\u676d\u5dde\uff0c\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u5b81\u6ce2\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u7247\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u592b\u5987\u5229\u7528\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4e86\u6218\u4e71\u5c81\u6708\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\uff0c\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u5148\u751f\u8fd8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u968f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u524d\u5f80\u5357\u4eac\uff0c\u4e0e\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u653f\u6743\u63a5\u89e6\u3002<\/p>\n

1863\u5e74\uff0c\u6218\u4e8b\u5e73\u606f\uff0c\u91d1\u9e9f\u53cb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u52a9\u624b\uff0c\u5230\u4f59\u59da\u6062\u590d\u4f20\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u6388\u804c\u4e3a\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u662f\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7267\u5e08\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c1864\u5e744\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u5973\u513f\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u51fa\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6210\u957f\u5c81\u6708 \u4e2d\u897f\u5408\u74a7<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u592b\u5987\u7ec8\u751f\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6536\u517b\u4e86\u5341\u591a\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u91d1\u5bb6\u5144\u59b9\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b69\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u548c\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u592b\u5987\u6700\u4e3a\u4eb2\u5bc6\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u8fb9\u957f\u5927\u6210\u4eba\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5979\u4e00\u76f4\u79f0\u547c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u201c\u9ea6\u5148\u751f\u3001\u9ea6\u5e08\u6bcd\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u592b\u5987\u7ec8\u59cb\u5c0a\u91cd\u5979\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u201c\u5979\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u5200\u548c\u53c9\u800c\u653e\u5f03\u5979\u7684\u7b77\u5b50\u3002\u5979\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u81ea\u5df2\u7684\u5934\u9876\u4e0a\u5e26\u4e00\u5757\u6cb9\u5e03\u9970\u54c1\u3001\u68b3\u7740\u660e\u4eae\u7684\u8fab\u5b50\uff0c\u7a7f\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u5b69\u53e4\u8272\u53e4\u9999\u7684\u523a\u7ee3\u77ed\u88e4\u8dd1\u6765\u8dd1\u53bb\uff0c\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u91cc\uff0c\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u4efb\u4f55\u82f1\u8bed\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5979\u4e0a\u4e86\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u4e2d\u6587\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u201d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e26\u5979\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b8c\u6210\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/p>\n

1869\u5e743\u6708\uff0c5\u5c81\u7684\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u968f\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u592b\u5987\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u56de\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f11\u5047\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u5e74\u534a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u201c\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u592b\u5987\u5f85\u97f5\u6885\u5982\u5973\u513f\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7ed9\u5979\u6240\u6709\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5979\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u8bb2\u82f1\u6587\u3002\u201d1870\u5e7411\u6708\u8fd4\u56de\u4e2d\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u592b\u4eba\u7ee7\u7eed\u6bcf\u5929\u6559\u5979\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u5728\u5b81\u6ce2\u529e\u4e86\u533b\u9662\u548c\u5b64\u513f\u9662\uff0c\u4f46\u53d7\u5230\u5b81\u6ce2\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u5176\u4ed6\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c1872\u5e74\uff0c\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u5173\u95ed\u4e86\u533b\u9662\u548c\u5b64\u513f\u9662\uff0c\u8f9e\u53bb\u4e86\u5728\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u8fd130\u5e74\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u79bb\u5f00\u5b81\u6ce2\u524d\u5f80\u4e0a\u6d77\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u4e0a\u6d77\u603b\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u77ed\u6682\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u9996\u6b21\u5411\u65e5\u672c\u6d3e\u51fa\u4f7f\u56e2\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u63a8\u8350\u4e3a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u968f\u56e2\u524d\u5f80\u3002<\/p>\n

1872\u5e74\uff0c8\u5c81\u7684\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u968f\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u592b\u5987\u5230\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u57281872\uff0d1880\u516b\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u5a34\u719f\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u6c34\u5e73\u53d7\u5230\u4e2d\u65e5\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u5c0f\u5b66\u548c\u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u7edf\u4e00\u548c\u5411\u897f\u65b9\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u201c\u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0\u201d\uff081860\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0d1880\u5e74\u4ee3\uff09\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u4e00\u7247\u751f\u673a\u52c3\u52c3\u6c14\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

1913\u5e742\u6708\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u4e1c\u65b9\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\uff08Oriental Review,1913,Feb.P 239\uff09\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u533b\u751f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u70ed\u5ff1\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u5916\u4ea4\u77e5\u8bc6\u5b66\u4e60\u4e4b\u4f59\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u6bd4\u8f83\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u690d\u7269\u5b66\u3001\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u5e26\u9886\u5b66\u751f\u5230\u516c\u56ed\u8fdc\u8db3……\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u5728\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u5148\u751f\u7ec6\u5fc3\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u5b66\u4e60\u6587\u7406\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u9ea6\u5148\u751f\u7684\u5927\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u4e2d\u81ea\u7531\u81ea\u5728\u5730\u8dd1\u6765\u8dd1\u53bb\uff0c\u5b69\u63d0\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5979\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u5927\u578b\u7684\u6559\u6388\u805a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5ba2\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u805a\u4f1a\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u8bb2\u6cd5\u8bed\u3001\u5fb7\u8bed\u548c\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5728\u9996\u90fd\u5176\u5b83\u793e\u4ea4\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u8d4b\u4e88\u5979\u6781\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u6210\u5e74\u540e\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\u201c\u6211\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u523b\u610f\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u6211\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4ece\u5c0f\u5b66\u4e60\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u517b\u7236\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u70ed\u7231\u6f5c\u79fb\u9ed8\u5316\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u6211\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u559c\u6b22\u7a7f\u4e2d\u5f0f\u670d\u88c5\uff1a\u6709\u76d8\u53e3\u7684\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u4e0a\u8863\u548c\u88e4\u5b50\uff0c\u5979\u548c\u540c\u9f84\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u597d\u53cb\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u4e9a\u6d32\u6587\u5316\u534f\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e24\u5468\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u670b\u53cb\u5bb6\u805a\u4f1a\uff1a\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u3001\u8bfb\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u7684\u6587\u7ae0……\u5e74\u5c11\u7684\u5979\u66fe\u5411\u597d\u670b\u53cb\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u81ea\u5df1\u957f\u6210\u540e\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u540d\u8001\u5e08\u3001\u8981\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b66\u4e1a\uff0c\u572818\u5c81\u4ee5\u540e\u8981\u81ea\u5df1\u7167\u987e\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5973\u5b50\u533b\u5b66\u9662<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25ba\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u6240\u5973\u5b50\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u5a01\u5c14\uff08Blackwell\uff09\u59d0\u59b9<\/p>\n

\u5de6\uff1aElizabeth\uff081821.2.3-1910.5.31\uff09\uff0c\u6765\u81eaNational Library of Medicine<\/p>\n

\u53f3\uff1aEmily\uff081826.10.8-1910.9.7\uff09\uff0c\u6765\u81eaRadcliffe Library<\/p>\n

\u5728\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u548c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u592b\u5987\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u5a01\u5c14\uff08Blackwell\uff09\u59d0\u59b9\u5bf9\u5979\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u59d0\u59b9\u4fe9\u662f\u5206\u522b\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u83b7\u5f97\u533b\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u6240\u5973\u5b50\u533b\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u4e00\u751f\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u4e49\u3001\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u6743\u76ca\u547c\u5401\u3001\u594b\u6597\u3002<\/p>\n

1880\u5e745\u6708\uff0c16\u5c81\u7684\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u968f\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u592b\u5987\u79bb\u5f00\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u4e58\u8239\u524d\u5f80\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002William Shurtleff\u7b49\u6240\u8457\u300a\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u533b\u751f\u4f20\u8bb0\u300b\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4e00\u5bb6\u4e09\u53e3\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6e2f\u767b\u9646\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u5f53\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u62a4\u7167\uff0c\u5979\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u592b\u5987\u7684\u517b\u5973\u83b7\u51c6\u5165\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\uff0c\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u592b\u5987\u5c06\u5bb6\u5b89\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u9053230\u53f7\uff08No.230 Second Ave, New York City\uff09\u3002\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u9ed1\u9ea6\u5973\u5b50\u5b66\u6821\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u5927\u5b66\u9884\u79d1\u540e\uff0c1882\u5e74\u79cb\uff0c18\u5c81\u7684\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u5165\u5b66\u7ebd\u7ea6\u9644\u5c5e\u5987\u5e7c\u533b\u9662\u5973\u5b50\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u4eba\u683d\u6811\u540e\u4eba\u4e58\u51c9\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5973\u5b50\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u662f\u7531\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u00b7\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u5a01\u5c14\uff08Elizabeth Blackwell\uff09\u548c\u827e\u7c73\u4e3d\u00b7\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u5a01\u5c14\uff08Emily Blackwell\uff09\u59d0\u59b9\u4e8e1868\u5e74\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u6240\u5973\u5b50\u533b\u5b66\u9662\uff0c1876\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u6240\u5973\u5b50\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u6210\u4e3a\u4e09\u5e74\u5236\u5b66\u9662\uff0c1893\u5e74\u6210\u4e3a\u56db\u5e74\u5236\u5b66\u9662\uff1b1899\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u4e86364\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u533b\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6240\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u5e76\u5165\u5eb7\u5948\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u5a01\u5c14\u59d0\u59b9\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u5e7c\u5e74\u65f6\u968f\u5bb6\u5ead\u79fb\u6c11\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\u7684\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u5fd7\u4e8e\u5b66\u533b\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u53ea\u63a5\u53d7\u7537\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u88ab12\u6240\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u5747\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u540e\uff0c1847\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c26\u5c81\u7684\u5979\u7ec8\u4e8e\u88ab\u7ebd\u7ea6\u4e0a\u5dde\u7684\u79c1\u7acb\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u5f55\u53d6\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u5e74\u534a\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c1849\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u5979\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u83b7\u5f97\u533b\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u5973\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u59b9\u59b9\u827e\u7c73\u4e3d\u7684\u6c42\u5b66\u4e4b\u8def\u540c\u6837\u574e\u5777\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u6c42\u5b66\u7533\u8bf7\u66fe\u88ab\u4e03\u6240\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c1853\u5e74\uff0c\u88ab\u51ef\u65af\u897f\u65af\u50a8\u5927\u5b66\u5f55\u53d6\uff0c1854\u5e74\uff0c\u5979\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u83b7\u5f97\u533b\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u5973\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u533b\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5148\u950b\uff0c\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u5a01\u5c14\u59d0\u59b9\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u533b\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\u540e\uff0c\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u5b9e\u4e60\u548c\u6c42\u804c\u4e2d\u4ecd\u56e0\u6027\u522b\u53d7\u5230\u62d2\u7edd\u548c\u79cd\u79cd\u632b\u6298\uff0c1857\u5e74\uff0c\u59d0\u59b9\u4fe9\u548cMarie Zakrzewska\u5171\u540c\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5987\u5e7c\u533b\u9662\uff0c1868\u5e74\uff0c\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u9644\u5c5e\u4e8e\u533b\u9662\u7684\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5973\u5b50\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25ba\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5973\u5b50\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1aNational Library of Medicine<\/p>\n

\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u5e78\u8fd0\u513f\uff0c1880\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u5141\u8bb8\u534e\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u8d74\u7f8e\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u9650\u5236\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u5c45\u7f8e\u56fd\uff1b1882\u5e745\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff0c\u5c06\u534e\u4eba\u52b3\u5de5\u6392\u65a5\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5e76\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u5c45\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5979\u5374\u5728\u8fd9\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8fc4\u4eca\u5df2\u77e5\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7559\u5b66\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5386\u53f2\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7eb5\u6a2a\u4ea4\u9519\u3002\u6b64\u524d\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c1881\u5e74\uff0c\u5b8b\u6c0f\u4e09\u59d0\u59b9\uff08\u5b8b\u972d\u9f84\u3001\u5b8b\u5e86\u9f84\u3001\u5b8b\u7f8e\u9f84\uff09\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u5b8b\u5609\u6f8d\uff081863\u5e742\u6708\uff0d1918\u5e745\u67084\u65e5\uff09\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u5317\u5361\u5dde\u4e09\u4e00\u5b66\u9662\uff08\u73b0\u4e3a\u675c\u514b\u5927\u5b66\uff09\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u800c\u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7559\u5b66\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5bb9\u95f3\uff081828\u5e7411\u670817\u65e5\uff0d1912\u5e744\u670821\u65e5\uff09\u5021\u5bfc\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u9996\u5c4a\u5b98\u65b9\u7559\u5b66\u8ba1\u5212\u5219\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u53d7\u5230\u632b\u6298\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bb9\u95f31847\u5e74\u8d74\u7f8e\uff0c1850\u5e74\u8003\u5165\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\uff0c1852\u5e74\u52a0\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d\uff0c1854\u5e74\u83b7\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u6587\u5b66\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff1b\u5b66\u6210\u56de\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u5bb9\u95f3\u5021\u8bae\u5e76\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u9996\u6279\u5b98\u6d3e\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u2014\u2014120\u540d12-15\u5c81\u7684\u5e7c\u7ae5\u8d74\u7f8e\u7559\u5b66\uff0c1872\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u9996\u6279\u5e7c\u7ae5\u542f\u7a0b\u8d74\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u52301881\u5e74\uff0c\u539f\u5b9a15\u5e74\u7684\u5e7c\u7ae5\u7559\u5b66\u8ba1\u5212\u592d\u6298\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u53d1\u4ee4\u53ec\u56de\u5168\u90e8\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c1885\u5e745\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u4ee5\u4e00\u7b49\u8363\u8a89\u5b66\u4f4d\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5973\u5b50\u533b\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u83b7\u533b\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c4a\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u517112\u540d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u9a7b\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u51fa\u5e2d\u6bd5\u4e1a\u5178\u793c\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u5979\u8d60\u9001\u8c61\u7259\u96d5\u523b\u8868\u793a\u795d\u8d3a\u3002\u4e5d\u5e74\u540e\u30021894\u5e74\uff0c\u8bb8\u91d1\u8a07\u4ece\u8d39\u57ce\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u83b7\u5f97\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5987\u5e7c\u533b\u9662\u4efb\u4f4f\u9662\u533b\u5e083\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u5230\u8d39\u57ce\u3001\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u533a\u548c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u5b66\u4e60\u5fb7\u8bed\u4ee5\u9605\u8bfb\u5fb7\u6587\u6587\u732e\uff1b1885\u5e74\uff0c\u5979\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u533b\u751f\u5934\u8854\uff08Title of Doctor\uff09\u30021887\u5e74\uff0c\u5979\u6210\u4e3a\u663e\u5fae\u7167\u76f8\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u533b\u5b66\u671f\u520a\u300b\uff08New York Medical\uff0cJuly 2\uff09\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587\u201cThe Photo-Micography of Histological Subjects\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

1887\u5e746\u6708\uff0c23\u5c81\u7684\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u590d\u5174\u4f1a\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u8d74\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u5979\u548c\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u592b\u5987\u4e00\u540c\u4e58\u8239\u56de\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5728\u8239\u4e0a\uff0c\u5979\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u65e5\u98df\u89c2\u6d4b\u56e2\uff0c10\u6708\u62b5\u8fbe\u53a6\u95e8\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4eec\u4e0d\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u529e\u8d77\u4e86\u533b\u9662\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u4e45\u540e\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u548c\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u592b\u5987\u67d3\u4e0a\u759f\u75be\uff0c\u5979\u5173\u95ed\u4e86\u533b\u9662\uff0c\u8f9e\u53bb\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u5de5\u4f5c\u30021889\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u4e09\u4eba\u4e00\u540c\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u795e\u6237\u6cbb\u75c5\u4f11\u517b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u4e8b\u4e1a<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4ece1889-1894\u5e74\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e866\u5e74\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7ed3\u5a5a\u540e\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

1889\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u795e\u6237\u7684\u76d1\u7406\u4f1a\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u9080\u8bf7\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u534f\u52a9\u5f00\u5c55\u533b\u7597\u4f20\u6559\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u4e5f\u5e94\u9080\u5728\u4e1c\u4eac\u660e\u6cbb\u5b66\u9662\u4efb\u6559\u30021889\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u62b5\u8fbe\u795e\u6237\uff0c\u5979\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u5987\u5e7c\u8bca\u6240\uff0c\u53c8\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u4f4f\u5b85\u5f00\u8bbe\u533b\u7597\u5ba4\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4f59\uff0c\u5979\u8fd8\u5e2e\u52a9\u76d1\u7406\u4f1a\u5973\u5b50\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u5411\u672c\u5730\u533b\u751f\u53d1\u8868\u6f14\u8bb2\u3001\u6559\u6388\u672c\u5730\u63a5\u751f\u5a46\u73b0\u4ee3\u533b\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u795e\u6237\u4e94\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u5728\u516c\u4f17\u4e2d\u4eab\u6709\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u8363\u8a89\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5a92\u4f53\u79f0\u5979\u4e3a\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u7559\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u662f\u5979\u6240\u5728\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4f20\u5947\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5927\u7ea6\u57281894\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u548c\u4f0a\u6ce2\u5229\u56fe\u65af\u00b7\u62c9\u7d22\u62c9\u00b7\u963f\u9a6c\u591a\u5c14\u00b7\u5e2d\u5c14\u74e6\uff08Hippolytus Laesola Silva\uff09\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u6a2a\u6ee8\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3002\u5e2d\u5c14\u74e6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u97f3\u4e50\u5bb6\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6bd4\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u5c0f7\u5c81\uff0c\u4ed6\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u9752\u5e74\u65f6\u4ee3\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7c73\u5170\u5b66\u4e60\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u548c\u94a2\u7434\uff0c\u66fe\u4f5c\u4e3a\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7537\u9ad8\u97f3\u7684\u4f34\u594f\u97f3\u4e50\u5bb6\u5468\u6e38\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e24\u4eba\u5a5a\u540e\u5373\u79bb\u5f00\u65e5\u672c\u524d\u5f80\u590f\u5a01\u5937\uff0c1895\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u72ec\u751f\u513f\u5b50\u5728\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5a5a\u59fb\u53ea\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u5341\u5e74\uff0c1904\u5e74\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u5728\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c9\u5c81\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u968f\u6bcd\u4eb2\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u66fe\u7533\u8bf7\u6267\u4e1a\u533b\u751f\u6267\u7167\u672a\u679c\u30021896\u5e74\uff0c\u5168\u5bb6\u642c\u81f3\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\uff0c1900\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u79fb\u6c11\u5c40\uff0c\u5e2d\u5c14\u74e6\u8fdb\u5165\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u79fb\u6c11\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

1899\u5e74\uff0c79\u5c81\u7684\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u751f\u75c5\uff0c\u5065\u5eb7\u65e5\u76ca\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u592b\u5987\u56de\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5728\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u5b89\u987f\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u548c\u4e08\u592b\u5e2e\u5fd9\u7167\u987e\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u5148\u751f\u30021900\u5e747\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u5728\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u53bb\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u7ed3\u5a5a\u540e\u6539\u4ece\u592b\u59d3\uff0c\u4f46\u57281902\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u518d\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u6539\u56de\u4e86\u539f\u59d3\uff0c\u5979\u540e\u6765\u79bb\u5f00\u4e08\u592b\u5355\u72ec\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5199\u4f5c\u548c\u6f14\u8bb2\u751f\u6daf\uff0c\u6b65\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0a\u5c42\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u4ece\u300a\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6ce2\u65af\u987f\u300b\u5230\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u8fd9\u4f4d\u6770\u51fa\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

1902\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u300a\u5927\u5730\u6708\u520a\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u8363\u8000\uff1a\u4e00\u5219\u6765\u81ea\u6a80\u9999\u5c71\u4e2d\u56fd\u57ce\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7bc7\u62a5\u9053\u4e2d\uff0c\u5979\u521b\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u5f20\u5be1\u5987\u300b\u7684\u620f\u5267\u30023\u6708\uff0c\u5979\u5c068\u5c81\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u6258\u4ed8\u7ed9\u52a0\u5dde\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u966a\u4f34\u4e09\u4f4d\u5e74\u8f7b\u5973\u58eb\u4e58\u8239\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u65c5\u884c\u534a\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25ba\u968f\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u520a\u51fa\u7684\u7167\u7247<\/p>\n

1903\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u5987\u5973\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u2014\u2014\u57c3\u8d1d\u5c14\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\uff08Ebell Club\uff09\u5ba3\u5e03\uff1a\u4e3e\u884c\u6709\u5173\u4e1c\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u7684\u56db\u573a\u8fde\u7eed\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u6f14\u8bb2\u4eba\u4e3a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u56db\u573a\u6f14\u8bb2\u4f1a\u7684\u7968\u4ef7\u4e3a1\u7f8e\u5143\uff1b3\u67087\u65e5\u7684\u300a\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6628\u665a\uff0c\u91d1\u533b\u751f\u5728\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u533b\u5b66\u534f\u4f1a\u6f14\u8bb2……\u5979\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u6700\u7eaf\u6b63\u7684\u76ce\u683c\u9c81-\u6492\u514b\u900a\uff08Angelo-Saxon\uff09\uff0c\u8bed\u8c03\u4e30\u5bcc\u3001\u7f8e\u4e3d\u3001\u6291\u626c\u987f\u632b\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u5e7d\u9ed8\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u8138\u5e9e\u6d0b\u6ea2\u7740\u6109\u60a6\u7684\u5149\u8292\uff0c\u542c\u4f17\u5e2d\u4e0a\u7b11\u58f0\u3001\u638c\u58f0\u4e0d\u65ad\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

1903\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u5979\u201c\u8eab\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u65d7\u888d\u201d\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5987\u5973\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u300a\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u8bba\u575b\u62a5\u300b\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5a07\u5c0f\u7684\u5973\u58eb\u7528\u5979\u751c\u7f8e\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u7231\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u6837\u591a\uff0c\u6211\u9a84\u50b2\u6211\u7eaf\u6b63\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8840\u7edf\u2014\u2014\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u58eb\u5927\u592b\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u786e\u4fe1\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

1904\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u5728\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5987\u5973\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u300a\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u661f\u671f\u65e5\u73af\u7403\u62a5\u300b\uff08Boston Sunday Globe\uff09\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5979\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u4e30\u5bcc\u591a\u5f69\u53c8\u5982\u6b64\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4e25\u8083\u53c8\u5982\u6b64\u6d3b\u6cfc\uff0c\u542c\u4f17\u4eec\u88ab\u5979\u6df1\u6df1\u9676\u9189\u3002\u201d\u201c\u91d1\u533b\u751f\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6765\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u7684\uff1f\u2026\u2026\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7L\u00b7\u52a0\u7eb3\u5fb7\u592b\u4eba\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5e84\u56ed\u91cc\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5c06\u8fd9\u4f4d\u65b0\u6708\u5973\u6027\uff08Celestial woman\uff09\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7ed9\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u793e\u4ea4\u754c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u667a\u6167\u548c\u8fdc\u89c1\u5728\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u6dcb\u6f13\u5c3d\u81f4\u3002\u5979\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5112\u5bb6\u54f2\u5b66\u6559\u5bfc\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8fc7\u548c\u5e73\u800c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e73\u5747\u5360\u6709\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002\u201d\u201c\u4e24\u5343\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u5b88\u62a4\u8005\uff0c\u548c\u5e73\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5929\u6027\u3002\u201d\u201c\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u597d\u6597\u7684\u5929\u6027\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u6218\u6597\u662f\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u6218\u6597\uff0c\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u514b\u5236\u3002\u201d\u9488\u5f53\u65f6\u897f\u65b9\u201c\u9ec4\u7978\u201d\u8bba\uff0c\u5979\u53cd\u9a73\u8bf4\uff0c\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7279\u6743\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u9ec4\u7978\u201d\u8bba\u6beb\u65e0\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u201c\u9ec4\u7978\u201d\u8fdc\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u201c\u767d\u707e\u201d\uff08white disaster\uff09\u76f8\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n

1904\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u9996\u90fd\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u533a\u53c2\u8bae\u5458Kean\u7684\u5e9c\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c3\u670825\u65e5\u7684\u300a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u90ae\u62a5\u300b\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5979\u6b63\u5728\u4f5c\u73af\u7f8e\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u8ddd\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u5927\u9646\u95f4\u521b\u5efa\u6c9f\u901a\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6865\u6881\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

1904\u5e744\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u5979\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u8c08\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u8c46\u5236\u54c1\u3001\u8c46\u6d46\u548c\u8c46\u8150\uff08soy sauce and bean cake\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u8bba\u575b\u62a5\u300b\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6807\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u98df\u54c1\uff1a\u5927\u8c46\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u9053\u4e3b\u83dc\uff08Chinese Food product: Beans a Leading Article of Food in China\uff09\u201d<\/p>\n

1904\u5e748\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u6cd5\u5b98\u88c1\u5224\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u548c\u4e08\u592b\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u5f52\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u629a\u517b\u3002\u4e08\u592b\u63d0\u51fa\u79bb\u5a5a\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\u201c\u59bb\u5b50\u629b\u5f03\u5bb6\u5ead\u201d\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u65b0\u5973\u6027\u201d\u3002\u79bb\u5a5a\u540e\u7684\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u5c06\u513f\u5b50\u7684\u59d3\u6539\u4e3a\u201c\u91d1\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

1904\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5e73\u5927\u4f1a\u5728\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u662f\u4f1a\u8bae17\u540d\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e3b\u9898\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c10\u67086\u65e5\u7684\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u4e00\u7bc7\u5bf9\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u7684\u4e13\u9898\u62a5\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u800c\u975e\u4fc4\u56fd\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u30021904\u5e7411\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u6559\u80b2\u8054\u76df\uff08The League for Political Education\uff09\u53d1\u8868\u6f14\u8bb2\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u5bf9\u4e1c\u65b9\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u5979\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4ece\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u662f\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u540c\u5316\u2026\u2026\u65e5\u672c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e1c\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u53d6\u897f\u65b9\u6218\u4e89\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u6050\u5413\u4e1c\u65b9\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u7684\u6e29\u548c\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u65e0\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5176\u5bf9\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

1905\u5e742\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u548c\u513f\u5b50\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u91d1\u5171\u5ea6\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u7236\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7684\u751f\u65e5\u540e\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u5c06\u5b69\u5b50\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u91d1\u6258\u4ed8\u7ed9\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u79bb\u5f00\u7f8e\u56fd\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f7f\u547d<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25ba\u5373\u5c06\u56de\u56fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u767d\u79c0\u5170\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u67a3\u6728\u5939\u5b50\u7684\u535a\u5ba2<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25ba1914\u5e74\u4e2d\u534e\u62a4\u58eb\u4f1a\u5e74\u4f1a\u5408\u5f71\uff0c\u949f\u8302\u82b3\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u9762\u5b54\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u67a3\u6728\u5939\u5b50\u7684\u535a\u5ba2<\/p>\n

\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u4e00\u751f\u59cb\u7ec8\u94ed\u8bb0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f7f\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n

1905\u5e74\u590f\u56de\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u5e94\u6559\u4f1a\u53cb\u4eba\u502a\u7ef4\u601d\u592b\u4eba\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u5728\u70df\u53f0\u4f4f\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u63a5\u5f85\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u90e8\u7684\u201c\u4e9a\u6d32\u690d\u7269\u730e\u624b\u201d\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u8fc8\u8036\uff08Frank Nicholas Meyers\uff09\u3002\u53d7\u9ea6\u5609\u7f14\u5148\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5979\u4ece\u5c0f\u559c\u6b22\u91c7\u96c6\u690d\u7269\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u502a\u7ef4\u601d\u592b\u5987\u5728\u70df\u53f0\u4f20\u6559\u65f6\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5f15\u8fdb\u5148\u8fdb\u519c\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u548c\u679c\u6811\uff0c\u5982\u82f9\u679c\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u70df\u53f0\u82f9\u679c\u5168\u56fd\u77e5\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

1905\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u63a8\u52a8\u5404\u9879\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u30021906\u5e74\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u76f4\u96b6\u603b\u7763\u8881\u4e16\u51ef\u5728\u5929\u6d25\u5f00\u529e\u4e00\u6240\u9762\u5411\u5973\u5987\u5973\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u533b\u9662\u201c\u5317\u6d0b\u5973\u533b\u5c40\u201d\uff0c\u9080\u8bf7\u5728\u56db\u5ddd\u6210\u90fd\u4ece\u533b\u7684\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u62c5\u4efb\u201c\u5317\u6d0b\u5973\u533b\u5b66\u5802\u603b\u6559\u4e60\u201d\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u5973\u533b\u5b66\u5802\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e45\u5458\u8fbd\u9614\uff0c\u5929\u5357\u5730\u5317\u8bed\u97f3\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c1907\u5e74\u5230\u5929\u6d25\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u5b57\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u201d\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u85aa\u6c34\u9ad8\u8fbe\u6bcf\u6708300\u5927\u6d0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u5973\u533b\u5b66\u5802\u7b79\u529e\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u66fe\u81f4\u7535\u4e2d\u56fd\u76f4\u96b6\u603b\u7763\u8881\u4e16\u51ef\uff0c\u8bf7\u4ed6\u4e3a\u597d\u53cb\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5317\u6d0b\u5973\u533b\u5b66\u58021908\u5e748\u6708\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f00\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u65e9\u5b98\u529e\u5973\u5b50\u533b\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u5b66\u9662\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e24\u5e74\u5b66\u5236\u7684\u62a4\u58eb\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u73b0\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u62a4\u58eb\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u5b66\u4e60\u4ea7\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u836f\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u516c\u5171\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u514d\u75ab\u7b49\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5728\u5973\u533b\u5c40\u5b9e\u4e60\u3002<\/p>\n

1909\u5e74\uff0c\u534e\u88d4\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4eba\u949f\u8302\u82b3\u4ece\u4f26\u6566\u76d6\u4f0a\u533b\u9662\uff08Guy’s Hospital\uff09\u62a4\u7406\u5b66\u6821\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u6765\u5230\u5317\u6d0b\u5973\u533b\u5b66\u5802\u4efb\u770b\u62a4\u6559\u4e60\uff0c\u5979\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u76d6\u4f0a\u62a4\u6821\u7684\u6559\u6750\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u4e2d\u6587\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u6750\uff0c1913\u5e74\u4ee5\u300a\u770b\u62a4\u8981\u4e49\u300b\u51fa\u7248\uff1b1914\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u770b\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u4e3e\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5927\u4f1a\u526f\u603b\u5e72\u4e8b\u7684\u949f\u8302\u82b3\u63d0\u8bae\u5c06\u770b\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u540d\u79f0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u62a4\u58eb\u201d\uff0c\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u540e\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u540d\u79f0\u4e5f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u62a4\u58eb\u4f1a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

1910\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u5317\u6d0b\u533b\u5b66\u5802\u7b2c\u4e00\u627923\u540d\u5b66\u751f\u6bd5\u4e1a\u30021911\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u4ee5\u201c\u8001\u4eb2\u7a1a\u5b50\u5c1a\u4e45\u5c45\u7f8e\u56fd\u201d\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u8bf7\u5047\u8d74\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u63a2\u4eb2\u3002\u5176\u95f4\uff0c\u5979\u5b66\u4e60\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u533b\u7597\u6280\u672f\u548c\u533b\u9662\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u9f13\u52b1\u4e00\u4e9b\u897f\u65b9\u5973\u6027\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u533b\u7597\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u5979\u4ecb\u7ecd\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u5929\u6d25\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bf4\uff0c\u5317\u6d0b\u533b\u5b66\u5802\u7684\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u57f9\u517b\u62a4\u58eb\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u62a4\u58eb\u6bd4\u5c11\u6570\u533b\u751f\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c4\u6708\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u62a4\u7406\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\uff08The American Journal of Nursing\uff09\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u79f0\u5979\u662f\u201c\u6700\u5353\u8d8a\u548c\u6700\u80fd\u5e72\u7684\u5973\u533b\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5979\u5e26\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u5317\u6d0b\u5973\u533b\u5b66\u5802\u7684\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u767d\u79c0\u5170\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u5e2e\u52a9\u5979\u8fdb\u5165\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u62a4\u7406\u4e13\u4e1a\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u767d\u79c0\u5170\u5b66\u6210\u56de\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u5e73\u534f\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

1911\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u6765\u534e\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u201c\u82f1\u56fd-\u4e1c\u65b9\u7981\u6b62\u9e26\u7247\u8d38\u6613\u534f\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Anglo-Oriental Society for the Suppression of the Opium Trade\uff09\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u4e3e\u884c\u5e74\u4f1a\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u636e\u9a6c\u91cc\u5170\u5dde\u300a\u4eca\u665a\u62a5\u300b\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u533a\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u5e94\u9080\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u90e8\u957f\u592b\u4ebaMrs.Franklin MacVeihg\u5e9c\u4e0a\u4f5c\u5ba2\u30021912\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u91d1\u4ece\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5723\u7ea6\u7ff0\u519b\u4e8b\u5b66\u6821\u6bd5\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u8fd9\u6b21\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u505c\u7559\u4e86\u5927\u7ea6\u534a\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u5de1\u56de\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u89c9\u9192\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u9e26\u7247\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u751f\u6d3b\u8fc714\u5e74\u7684\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u4e86\u89e3\u30021911\u5e74\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u8fdc\u4e1c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u5f88\u6df1\u7684\u654c\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u6000\u6709\u91ce\u5fc3\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u6043\u5f3a\u51cc\u5f31\u8005\u3002\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u8bd5\u56fe\u63a7\u5236\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u65e5\u4fc4\u6218\u4e89\u540e\u6b22\u8fce\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u6821\u8058\u8bf7\u4e86\u6570\u4ee5\u5343\u8ba1\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7528\u5bf9\u5f85\u671d\u9c9c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7559\u65e5\u5b66\u751f\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\u827a\u672f\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u704c\u8f93\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u654c\u610f\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5236\u9020\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5185\u4e71\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8d81\u673a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u83b7\u5f97\u4f18\u52bf\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

1914\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u6d3e\u4eba\u8003\u5bdf\u4e2d\u56fd\u533b\u5b66\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c4\u6708\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u56e2\u5230\u5317\u6d0b\u5973\u533b\u5b66\u5802\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u548c\u6d1b\u514b\u83f2\u52d2\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u610f\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

1915\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u518d\u6b21\u524d\u5f80\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c12\u6708\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u53d1\u8868\u6f14\u8bb2\u30021917\u5e744\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u5fb7\u56fd\u5ba3\u6218\u53c2\u52a0\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\uff0c5\u6708\uff0c21\u5c81\u7684\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u91d1\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u519b\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u5e94\u7f8e\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u90e8\u8058\u7528\u8c03\u7814\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u8c46\u79cd\u690d\u548c\u8c46\u5236\u54c1\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u57286\u6708\u81f39\u6708\u95f4\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6c11\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b66\u4e60\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u68c9\u82b1\u79cd\u690d\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u90e8\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7ebd\u7ea6\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5979\u66fe\u8bf4\uff0c\u513f\u5b50\u5728\u6218\u573a\u5c65\u884c\u519b\u4eba\u7684\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u540e\u65b9\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u98df\u54c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c3d\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25ba\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u90e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\uff1b\u5899\u4e0a\u7684\u56db\u5b57\u6761\u5e45\u662f1889\u5e74\u201c\u7434\u658b\u94b1\u5fb7\u57f9\u201d\uff08\u65f6\u4efb\u9a7b\u65e5\u4f7f\u9986\u53c2\u8d5e\uff09\u8d60\u201c\u91d1\u5148\u751f\u5927\u56fd\u624b\u201d\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u67a3\u6728\u5939\u5b50\u7684\u535a\u5ba2<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u91d11918\u5e745\u6708\u968f\u90e8\u961f\u8d74\u6cd5\u56fd\u6218\u573a\uff0c9\u670829\u65e5\u5728\u6218\u573a\u727a\u7272\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bb11\u670811\u65e5\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u4e0d\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u3002\u513f\u5b50\u7684\u727a\u7272\u7ed9\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u5de8\u5927\u6253\u51fb\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u665a\u5e74\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u800c\u6b7b\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u548c\u90a3\u573a\u6218\u4e89\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n

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\u5b9a\u5c45\u5317\u5e73<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

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1934\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u53d7\u51c9\u54b3\u55fd\u75c5\u91cd\uff0c\u5728\u534f\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u88ab\u8bca\u65ad\u4e3a\u80ba\u708e\uff0c3\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u534f\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u901d\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7470\u5c81\u3002\u846c\u793c\u5728\u534f\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u793c\u5802\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u71d5\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u795e\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u5218\u5ef7\u82b3\u4e3b\u6301\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u80e1\u9002\u3001\u848b\u68a6\u9e92\u3001\u6885\u8d3b\u7426\u3001\u53f8\u5f92\u96f7\u767b\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u5927\u4f7f\u51fa\u5e2d\u3002\u6309\u7167\u5979\u7684\u9057\u613f\uff0c\u628a\u5979\u5b89\u846c\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6d77\u6dc0\u7684\u519c\u573a\u91cc\uff0c\u9057\u4ea7\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6350\u8d60\u7ed9\u71d5\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u5929\u6d25\u7684\u6728\u658b\u4e2d\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8c28\u5f55<\/p>\n

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\u6350\u8d44\u5174\u5b66\u4e00\u7b49\u5956\u72b6<\/p>\n

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\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u90e8\u957f\u738b\u4e16\u6770<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\u5341\u4e00\u6708<\/p>\n

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\u25ba\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u5893\u7891\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1amingxialiuyue\u7684\u535a\u5ba2<\/p>\n

\u9644\u5bf9\u65b9\u6587\u7684\u51e0\u70b9\u7591\u95ee<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5728google\u4e0a\u68c0\u7d22\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4e09\u7bc7\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6587\u732e\u8d44\u6599\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u201c\u67a3\u6728\u5939\u5b50\u201d\u6240\u8457\u300a\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u5927\u592b\u7565\u4f20\u300b\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u662f2014\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fdRutgers University\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\u535a\u58eb\u751fMatthew Roth\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\uff1a\u300a\u795e\u5947\u5927\u8c46\uff1a\u5c06\u5927\u8c46\u5e26\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u519c\u573a\u3001\u996e\u98df\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u95ee\u300b\uff08 Magic Bean: The Quests That Brought Soy into American Farming, Diet and Culture\uff09;<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc7\u662f2016\u5e74\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u201c\u5927\u8c46\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff1a\u300a\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u533b\u751f\u4f20\u8bb0\u2014\u2014\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u83b7\u5f97\u533b\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba\u300b\uff08 BIOGRAPHY OF YAMEI KIN M.D. <1864-1934>\uff0c\uff0cTHE FIRST CHISNES WOMAN TO TAKE A MEDICAL DEGREE IN THE UNITED STATES\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bfb\u6bd5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u300a\u8d5b\u5148\u751f\u300b\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u201c\u96c5\u59b9\u8c46\u8150100\u5e74\uff1a\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5148\u9a71\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u201d\u300b\u4ee4\u6211\u4ea7\u751f\u51e0\u4e2a\u7591\u95ee\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u201c\u96c5\u59b9\u201d\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u201c\u97f5\u6885\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u91d1\u97f5\u68851905\u5e74\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u56de\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u540e\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f1934\u5e743\u6708\u5979\u5728\u5317\u5e73\u901d\u4e16\u540e\u5176\u5893\u7891\u4e0a\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff1a\u201c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u5927\u592b\u4e4b\u5893\u201d\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c1885\u5e745\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c21\u5c81\u7684\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5987\u5e7c\u533b\u9662\u9644\u5c5e\u5973\u5b50\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u533b\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\uff08Medical Degree\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5b66\u672c\u79d1\u533b\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u300a\u8d5b\u5148\u751f\u300b\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6240\u5199\u201c1885\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885……\u6b63\u5f0f\u83b7\u5f97\u533b\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff08MD\uff09\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u533b\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u201d\u5b66\u4f4d\u662fDoctor of Medicine, M.D. \u5728\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u83b7\u5f97\u533b\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c1885\u5e745\u670830\u65e5\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6807\u9898\u662f\u201cMedical Diplomas For Women\u201d\uff1b\u7f8e\u56fd\u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9\u5979\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u62a5\u9053\u5747\u79f0\u5979\u4e3a\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5973\u5b50\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c1885\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u91d1\u97f5\u6885\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u533b\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\u540e\uff0c\u66fe\u7528\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u8d39\u57ce\u3001\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u533a\u548c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u8fdb\u4fee\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u80b2\u5a74\u533b\u9662\u7b49\u63a5\u53d7\u4f4f\u9662\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c1888\u5e74\uff0c\u5979\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u201c\u533b\u751f\u5934\u8854\u201d\uff08Title of Doctor\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u300a\u8d5b\u5148\u751f\u300b\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u5979\u4e8e1888\u5e74\u6b63\u5f0f\u83b7\u5f97\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u535a\u58eb\u5934\u8854\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u83b7\u5f97MD.PhD\u53cc\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5973\u6027\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

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