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\u7f16\u8005\u6309\uff1a<\/p>\n

1989\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u65f6\u4efb\u603b\u88c1\u7f57\u4f0a\u00b7\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af\uff08Roy Vagelos\uff09\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u5c06\u6700\u65b0\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u6280\u672f\u8f6c\u8ba9\u4e2d\u56fd\u30021993\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u529f\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u3002\u4ee5\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u6bcf\u5e742000\u4e07\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c1993-2018\u5e74\uff0c25\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u81f3\u5c11\u67095\u4ebf\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u63a5\u79cd\u8fd9\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u63a5\u79cd\u8fd9\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u7f18\u7531\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4ece\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bb2\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee4\u65f6\u4efb\u4e2d\u56fd\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u957f\u9648\u654f\u7ae0\u6d41\u6cea\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e00\u5e55\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u25ba 2017\u5e7412\u670821\u65e5\uff0c \u7f8e\u56fd\u7ebd\u7ea6\uff0c\u7f57\u4f0a\u00b7\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af\u535a\u58eb\u63a5\u53d7\u300a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u300b\u4e13\u8bbf<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u5317\u4eac\u751f\u4ea7\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8f66\u95f4<\/strong>\uff081993\u5e7410\u6708\uff09<\/strong>\u4e3e\u884c\u843d\u6210\u5e86\u5178\u65f6\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u90e8\u957f\u9648\u654f\u7ae0\u56e0\u6b63\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u8bbf\u95ee\u800c\u9519\u8fc7\u4e86\u5e86\u5178\u3002\u56de\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u79d8\u4e66\u4e0e\u6211\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u8bbf\u95ee\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u5382\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u5e26\u4ed6\u53c2\u89c2\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e0d\u8981\u6253\u6270\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u5bfc\u3002\u6211\u5e26\u4ed6\u53c2\u89c2\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8bbe\u65bd\u5e76\u5411\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e86\u7b80\u77ed\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u95ee\u4ed6\uff1a\u201c\u60a8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u770b\u6cd5\uff1f\u201d\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u56de\u7b54\uff1b\u6211\u518d\u95ee\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u6211\u62ac\u5934\u671b\u4ed6\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u89c1\u4ed6\u773c\u4e2d\u5659\u6ee1\u6cea\u6c34\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u8d75\u94e0 \u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u75c5\u6bd2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u751f\u7269\u5236\u54c1\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u524d\u6240\u957f<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25ba\u8d75\u94e0\u9662\u58eb\u624b\u6301\u91cd\u7ec4\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7 \u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aMerck&Co.Inc<\/p>\n

1989\u5e74\uff0c\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5700\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5c06\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u91cd\u7ec4\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u6280\u672f\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5546\u4e1a\u51b3\u7b56\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8d62\u5229\uff1b\u9ed8\u514b\u57f9\u8bad\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d3e\u9063\u9ed8\u514b\u5458\u5de5\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u76ee\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4e8b\uff01\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u505a\u7684\u6700\u597d\u5546\u4e1a\u51b3\u7b56\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6709\u671b\u62ef\u6551\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u9ed8\u514b\u66fe\u7ecf\u505a\u8fc7\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u300250\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c06\u6839\u9664\u4e59\u809d\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u7f57\u4f0a\u00b7\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af<\/strong>\u00a0\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u524d\u603b\u88c1\u3001\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98\u3001\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u64b0\u6587 | \u738b\u4e39\u7ea2\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u6765\u6e90 | \u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74\u524d\uff0c1989\u5e749\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e09\u5bb6\u5355\u4f4d\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u51fa\u53e3\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u751f\u7269\u5236\u54c1\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3001\u6df1\u5733\u5eb7\u6cf0\u751f\u7269\u5236\u54c1\u2014\u2014\u7b7e\u7f72\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u4ee5700\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5c06\u4e16\u754c\u9886\u5148\u7684\u91cd\u7ec4\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u751f\u4ea7\u6280\u672f\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u751f\u4ea74000\u4e07\u5242\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u63a5\u79cd\u5bf9\u4ed8\u4e59\u809d\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25ba1989\u5e749\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u51fa\u53e3\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u751f\u7269\u5236\u54c1\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u548c\u6df1\u5733\u5eb7\u6cf0\u751f\u7269\u5236\u54c1\uff0c\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u5408\u540c\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aMerck&Co.Inc<\/p>\n

20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e59\u809d\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u70df\u8349\u3002\u5408\u540c\u7b7e\u7f72\u5408\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u4e00\u4f4d\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u9879\uff08\u6280\u672f\u8f6c\u8ba9\uff09\u5408\u540c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u7f29\u77ed\u751f\u4ea7\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4ece1990\u5e745\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u5317\u4eac\u548c\u6df1\u5733\u4e24\u5bb6\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u5148\u540e\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5e74\u534a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u8d2d\u4e70\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u57f9\u8bad\uff1b\u8bbe\u5907\u8fd0\u56de\u4e2d\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u9ed8\u514b\u6d3e\u9063\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u5efa\u5382\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u529f\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u540c\u7b49\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u540e\uff0c\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u5b8c\u5168\u9000\u51fa\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5de5\u5382\u3002<\/p>\n

1992\u5e74\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba1\u5212\u514d\u75ab\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u5efa\u8bae\u6240\u6709\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u63a5\u79cd\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\uff1b2002\u5e74\uff0c\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6269\u5927\u514d\u75ab\u89c4\u5212\uff08Expanded Programmeon Immunization EPI\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

1993\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u91cd\u7ec4\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u63a5\u53d7\u4e2d\u56fd\u751f\u4ea7\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u513f\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u7ecf25\u5c81\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u51fa\u751f\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u63a5\u79cd\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u5e742000\u4e07\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u2014\u2014\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c1993-2018\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u81f3\u5c11\u67095\u4ebf\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u63a5\u79cd\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u63a5\u79cd\u8fd9\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u7f18\u7531\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4ece\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

2019\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u662f\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b7e\u7f72\u8f6c\u8ba9\u91cd\u7ec4\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u6280\u672f\u5408\u540c30\u5468\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7f57\u4f0a\u00b7\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af\u5148\u751f90\u5c81\u8bde\u8fb0\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u611f\u8c22\u5e76\u94ed\u8bb0\u7f57\u4f0a\u00b7\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af\u548c\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u300a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u300b\u7279\u6d3e\u4e13\u680f\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u4e8e2017\u5e7412\u6708\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ebd\u7ea6\u4e2d\u592e\u516c\u56ed\u65c1\u4e00\u5ea7\u4f4f\u5b85\u5927\u53a6\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u5ba4\uff0c\u91c7\u8bbf\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u56de\u987e\u8fd9\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u5353\u8d8a\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u75c5\u6bd2\u5230\u75ab\u82d7<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9884\u9632\u533b\u5b66\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u533b\u5b66\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed8\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u6700\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u9884\u9632\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u7f57\u4f0a\u00b7\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25ba2017\u5e7412\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\uff0c\u7f57\u4f0a\u00b7\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af\u5148\u751f\u548c\u592b\u4eba\u7ffb\u770b2005\u5e749-10\u6708\u95f4\u8bbf\u95ee\u5317\u4eac\u65f6\u7684\u7167\u7247<\/p>\n

\u7f57\u4f0a\u00b7\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af1929\u5e74\u670810\u6708\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e0c\u814a\u79fb\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\uff1b1954\u5e74\uff0c25\u5c81\u7684\u4ed6\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u83b7\u5f97\u533b\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u536b\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff08NIH\uff09\u5de5\u4f5c\u5341\u5e74\uff1b1975\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5e94\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u4ed6\u8f9e\u53bb\u4f0a\u5229\u8bfa\u4f9d\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u51fa\u4efb\u9ed8\u514b\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u53d1\u90e8\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\u5347\u4e3a\u7814\u53d1\u90e8\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece1975\u52301986\u5e74\uff0c\u4ece\u8840\u6e90\u6027\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u5230\u91cd\u7ec4\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af\u535a\u58eb\u9886\u5bfc\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\u4e00\u6ce2\u4e09\u6298\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u5386\u7a0b\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e0a\u5e02\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e59\u578b\u75c5\u6bd2\u6027\u809d\u708e\uff08\u4e59\u809d\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u4e59\u809d\u75c5\u6bd2\uff08hepatitis Bvirus HBV\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u53ef\u5f15\u53d1\u6162\u6027\u6216\u6025\u6027\u809d\u810f\u708e\u75c7\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u4e25\u5cfb\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u636e\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u6bcf\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u611f\u67d3\u4e59\u809d\u75c5\u6bd2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e59\u809d\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u9014\u5f84\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8840\u6db2\u548c\u4f53\u6db2\uff0c\u5728\u4e59\u809d\u6d41\u884c\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u6bcd\u5a74\u4f20\u67d3\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u65f6\u671f\u63a5\u89e6\u4f20\u67d3\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u611f\u67d3\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6162\u6027\u4e59\u809d\u60a3\u8005\u611f\u67d3\u521d\u671f\u6ca1\u6709\u75c7\u72b6\u4e0d\u53d1\u75c5\uff0c\u5374\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u809d\u786c\u5316\u6216\u809d\u764c\u3002\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4f20\u67d3\u7684\u5a74\u513f\uff0c90%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u6162\u6027\u4e59\u809d\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u800c5\u5c81\u540e\u624d\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\uff0c\u957f\u5927\u540e\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u523010%\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u6162\u6027\u4e59\u809d\u60a3\u8005\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\uff0c\u662f\u9884\u9632\u8fd9\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eba\u7c7b\u7814\u5236\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u4e4b\u8def\u59cb\u4e8e1963\u5e74\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u533b\u751f\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df4\u9c81\u514b\u00b7\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u00b7\u5e03\u9686\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Baruch Samuel Blumberg\uff0c1925.7.28\uff0d2011.4.5\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u4f4d\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u8840\u6d46\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6297\u539f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u4e4b\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u6297\u539f\u201d\uff1b1966\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u6297\u539f\u201d\u4e0e\u6025\u6027\u75c5\u6bd2\u6027\u809d\u708e\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b1968\u5e74\uff0c\u75c5\u6bd2\u5b66\u5bb6\u963f\u5c14\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u666e\u6797\u65af\uff08Alfred Prince\uff09\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6297\u539f\u662f\u4e59\u809d\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u30021976\u5e74\uff0c\u5e03\u9686\u4f2f\u683c\u56e0\u53d1\u73b0\u4e59\u809d\u75c5\u6bd2\u6297\u539f\uff08HBsAg\uff09\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/p>\n

1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u5e03\u9686\u4f2f\u683c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e59\u809d\u75c5\u6bd2\uff08HB\uff09\u68c0\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5242\u76d2\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u9ed8\u514b\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u5408\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u75ab\u82d7\u3002\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u5b66\u5bb6\u83ab\u91cc\u65af\u00b7\u62c9\u5c14\u592b\u00b7\u897f\u52d2\u66fc\uff08Maurice Ralph Hilleman 1919.8.30-2005.4.11\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u4e86\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n

\u897f\u52d2\u66fc\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6210\u679c\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed61957\u5e74\u52a0\u5165\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u4efb\u516c\u53f8\u7814\u53d1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u75c5\u6bd2\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u90e8\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ed8\u514b\u6210\u529f\u5730\u7814\u5236\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6d41\u611f\u75ab\u82d7\u3001\u9ebb\u816e\u98ce\u4e09\u8054\u75ab\u82d7\u7b49\u30021970\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u897f\u52d2\u66fc\u56e2\u961f\u4ece\u611f\u67d3\u4e59\u809d\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u8840\u6d46\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u9762\u6297\u539f\u9897\u7c92\uff0c\u80dc\u5229\u5728\u671b\u3002\u4f46\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u9762\u4e34\u662f\u5426\u7ee7\u7eed\u6295\u8d44\u75ab\u82d7\u7814\u5236\u7684\u6289\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n

1970\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u51fa\u8d44\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e34\u5e8a\u7528\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u5bf9\u4ed8\u5982\u5c0f\u513f\u9ebb\u75f9\u75c7\u7b49\u7279\u5b9a\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6218\u5f79\uff0c\u4f46\u6781\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6b64\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u51e0\u5bb6\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u751f\u4ea7\u5382\u5bb6\u5df2\u9000\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u8d23\u4efb\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u75ab\u82d7\u7531\u5065\u5eb7\u4eba\u7fa4\u63a5\u79cd\uff0c\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u4eba\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u8fd9\u79cd\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5b69\u5b50\u8eab\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5219\u662f\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8d2d\u4e70\uff0c\u5382\u5bb6\u5229\u6da6\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u51e0\u5bb6\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e86\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u7814\u5236\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6295\u8d44\u65b0\u836f\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u65f6\u4efb\u603b\u88c1\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u970d\u5170\uff08John J. Horan\uff0c1921-2011\uff09\u9762\u4e34\u8270\u96be\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u89c4\u5212\u90e8\u95e8\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u6295\u8d44\u4e0e\u6536\u76ca\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u7814\u53d1\u90e8\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af\u575a\u6301\u7814\u7a76\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u9ed8\u514b\u5386\u6765\u56e0\u627f\u62c5\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u800c\u500d\u53d7\u656c\u91cd\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u521b\u65b0\u8005\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u4e5f\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c65\u884c\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u52aa\u529b\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u8d62\u5229\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u9884\u9632\u533b\u5b66\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u533b\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u514b\u5e94\u8be5\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u970d\u5170\u603b\u88c1\u540c\u610f\u4e86\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u30021981\u5e74\uff0c\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u7814\u5236\u7684\u8840\u6e90\u6027\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\uff08Heptavax-B\uff09\u83b7\u7f8e\u56fd\u98df\u54c1\u548c\u836f\u7269\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\uff08FDA\uff09\u6279\u51c6\u4e0a\u5e02\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u4e5f\u5728\u653b\u5173\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5317\u4eac\u533b\u79d1\u5927\u5b66\u4eba\u6c11\u533b\u9662\u68c0\u9a8c\u79d1\u751f\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u4e3b\u4efb\u9676\u5176\u654f\uff081931.10-2017.11\uff09\uff0c\u4ece1972\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u4ece\u4e8b\u809d\u708e\u7814\u7a76\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5979\u7387\u5148\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u7eaf\u5316\u4e86\u4e59\u809d\u75c5\u6bd2\u6838\u5fc3\u6297\u539f\u30021975\u5e747\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u8840\u6e90\u6027\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u75ab\u82d7\u654f\u611f\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5979\u4fbf\u81ea\u5df1\u63a5\u79cd\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u652f\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\uff1b1978\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u533b\u79d1\u5927\u5b66\u809d\u75c5\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u9676\u5176\u654f\u4efb\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u904f\u5236\u4e59\u809d\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u57281981\uff5e1985\u5e74\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u8840\u6e90\u6027\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u7814\u5236\u53ca\u4e2d\u95f4\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5217\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u6280\u653b\u5173\u91cd\u70b9\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u751f\u7269\u5236\u54c1\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u8d75\u94e0\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u91cd\u4efb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e26\u9886\u56e2\u961f\u7740\u624b\u7814\u5236\u8840\u6e90\u6027\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u827a\u30021985\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u5bb6\u9274\u5b9a\u5e76\u63a8\u5e7f\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

1986\u5e74\uff0c\u8840\u6e90\u6027\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u83b7\u5f97\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u80fd\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6210\u529f\u7684\u559c\u60a6\u521a\u521a\u964d\u4e34\uff0c\u4e00\u573a\u7a81\u5982\u5176\u6765\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5e2d\u5377\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u8840\u6e90\u6027\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u88ab\u5377\u5165\u98ce\u66b4\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u8840\u6e90\u6027\u75ab\u82d7\u5230\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u75ab\u82d7<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u5371\u673a\u7206\u53d1\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u63a8\u52a8\u516c\u53f8\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u75ab\u82d7\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u75c5\u6bd2\u75ab\u82d7\u5747\u6e90\u81ea\u706d\u6d3b\u6216\u6d3b\u6027\u6d88\u5f31\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u75c5\u6bd2\u4e2d\u7684\u9897\u7c92\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u91cd\u7ec4DNA\u6280\u672f\u2014\u2014\u751f\u4ea7\u65e2\u6709\u6548\u53c8\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u30021962\u5e74\u590f\u5929\u6211\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4f11\u5047\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u6000\u7740\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u5173\u6ce8\u5206\u5b50\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55…….\u6211\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u4e0a\u5206\u5b50\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bfe\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u91cd\u7ec4DNA\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8bbe\u60f3\u80fd\u5426\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u5c06\u4e59\u809d\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684DNA\u526a\u5207\u5230\u67d0\u79cd\u6709\u673a\u7269\u5982\u5927\u80a0\u6746\u83cc\u4e2d\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e59\u809d\u8868\u9762\u6297\u539f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u7f57\u4f0a\u00b7\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25ba\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u63a5\u53d7\u57f9\u8bad \u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aMerck&Co.Inc<\/p>\n

1980\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5f53\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u5ba3\u5e03\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u65f6\uff0c\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u6084\u7136\u4fb5\u88ad\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u4f46\u533b\u751f\u548c\u60a3\u8005\u5f88\u5feb\u5f00\u59cb\u6000\u7591\u8840\u6e90\u6027\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u9996\u5f53\u5176\u51b2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u7814\u5236\u7684\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u53d6\u81ea\u6162\u6027\u4e59\u809d\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u60a3\u8005\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u662f\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u6216\u9759\u8109\u836f\u7269\u6ce8\u5c04\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u643a\u5e26HIV\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u4e24\u7c7b\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u5019\u7531HIV\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u827e\u6ecb\u75c5\u51e0\u4e4e\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f57\u4f0a\u00b7\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7eaf\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u786e\u4fdd\u75ab\u82d7\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u6d3b\u6027\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8bc1\u636e\u8bf4\u670d\u516c\u4f17\u63a5\u79cd\u8fd9\u79cd\u5371\u5bb3\u6027\u5fae\u4e4e\u5176\u5fae\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6b21\u7ad9\u5728\u4e86\u5341\u5b57\u8def\u53e3\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u897f\u52d2\u66fc\u5df2\u63a5\u8fd1\u9000\u4f11\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u8ba9\u4ed6\u7684\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u8870\u51cf\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u516c\u53f8\u5173\u95ed\u75ab\u82d7\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4f46\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af\u51b3\u5fc3\u575a\u6301\u63a8\u8fdb\u75ab\u82d7\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af\u5728\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u4e4b\u5916\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u4ed6\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u5206\u6821\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6WILLIAM J. RUTTER\uff081928-\uff09\u3002Rutter\u662f\u91cd\u7ec4DNA\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u5f53\u4e24\u4eba\u8c08\u5230\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u65f6\uff0cRutter\u7acb\u5373\u63d0\u8bae\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u91cd\u7ec4\u6280\u672f\u4e3a\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u7814\u5236\u4eba\u7528\u80f0\u5c9b\u7d20\u3002\u4f46\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af\u575a\u6301\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u4ece\u88ab\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u7684\u8840\u6d46\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u4e59\u809d\u8868\u9762\u6297\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u98ce\u9669\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5de5\u4eba\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u516c\u4f17\u4e5f\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u8840\u6e90\u6027\u75ab\u82d7\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4e2d\u751f\u4ea7\u8fd9\u79cd\u6297\u539f\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u4e86\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

Rutter\u540c\u610f\u7528\u5927\u80a0\u6746\u83cc\u6765\u201c\u4ea7\u751f\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8868\u8fbe\u201d\u4e59\u809d\u8868\u9762\u6297\u539f\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u756a\u52aa\u529b\uff0cRutter\u5728\u5927\u80a0\u6746\u83cc\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u4e86\u4e59\u809d\u8868\u9762\u6297\u539f\uff0c\u4f46\u65b0\u6297\u539f\u5374\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u6297\u539f\u7565\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u518d\u6b21\u5bfb\u627e\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u897f\u96c5\u56fe\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684Ben Hall\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u9175\u6bcd\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002Rutter\u548cHall\u5f00\u59cb\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c06\u4e59\u809d\u8868\u9762\u6297\u539f\u57fa\u56e0\u56e2\u7f6e\u5165\u9175\u6bcd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u6210\u529f\u4e86\uff0c\u9175\u6bcd\u7ec6\u80de\u6240\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u80fd\u6fc0\u53d1\u51fa\u5236\u9020\u75ab\u82d7\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

1986\u5e74\uff0c\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u7814\u5236\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u7b2c\u4e00\u652f\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u75ab\u82d7\u2014\u2014\u91cd\u7ec4rDNA\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u83b7FDA\u6279\u51c6\u4e0a\u5e02\uff0c\u5546\u6807\u53f7\u4e3aRecombivax HB\u3002\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u91cd\u7ec4\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u4ef7\u683c\u6bd4\u8840\u6e90\u6027\u75ab\u82d7\u4f4e\uff0c\u643a\u5e26\u4e59\u809d\u8868\u9762\u6297\u539f\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u6240\u751f\u4e0b\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u513f\uff0c83\uff5e95%\u5728\u63a5\u79cd\u540e\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u603b\u88c1\u3001\u9996\u5e2d\u6267\u884c\u5b98\u3001\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u540c\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u7814\u5236\u9879\u76ee\uff1a\u91cd\u7ec4\u9175\u6bcd\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u7814\u53d1\u3001\u91cd\u7ec4CHO\u7ec6\u80de\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u4e59\u809d\u8868\u9762\u6297\u539f\u7814\u53d1\u3001\u91cd\u7ec4\u75d8\u82d7\u75c5\u6bd2\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u3002\u4f46\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u56e0\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u51fa\u56fd\u800c\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u867d\u7136\u6210\u529f\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u81ea\u4e3b\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u5c1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5317\u4eac\u751f\u7269\u5236\u54c1\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6240\u957f\uff0c\u8d75\u94e0\u5728\u9886\u5bfc\u75ab\u82d7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7d27\u8ddf\u4e16\u754c\u75ab\u82d7\u7814\u7a76\u524d\u6cbf\u3002\u4ed6\u5411\u536b\u751f\u5f53\u5c40\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\u662f\u5f53\u52a1\u4e4b\u6025\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5e94\u8be5\u505a\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4e8b\u60c5<\/strong><\/p>\n

1982\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f1a\u9762\u30021984\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u6d3e\u9063\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u8d74\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u91cd\u7ec4\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u6280\u672f\u3002\u56de\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u5411\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u9886\u5bfc\u62a5\u544a\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u8fdb\u65b0\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u5f15\u8fdb\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u91cd\u7ec4\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u6280\u672f\u30021988\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u8d74\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4e0e\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u8c08\u5224\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u6280\u672f\u30021989\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u5408\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u8d75 \u94e0<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25ba\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u4e00\u8d77 \u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aMerck&Co.Inc<\/p>\n

\u53f2\u5b89\u5229\u57281976\uff5e2002\u5e74\u662f\u536b\u751f\u90e8\u79d1\u6559\u53f8\u8ba1\u5212\u6761\u4ef6\u5904\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u4ea4\u6d41\u5904\u957f\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee5\u9175\u6bcd\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u76f8\u5f53\u6210\u719f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u638c\u63e1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u91cd\u7ec4\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u751f\u4ea7\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

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\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u8c08\u5224\uff0c1989\u5e749\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u548c\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u8f6c\u8ba9\u91cd\u7ec4\u4e59\u809d\u75ab\u82d7\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5408\u540c\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5408\u540c\uff1a<\/p>\n

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2017\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u7684\u91c7\u8bbf\u4e2d\uff0c\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af\u5148\u751f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u8c08\u5224\u4e2d\u505a\u6700\u540e\u51b3\u7b56\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u53d7\u5230\u516c\u53f8\u524d\u603b\u88c1\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u9ed8\u514b\uff081894.3-1957.11\uff09\u5728\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5584\u4e3e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u2014\u2014\u5c06\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u6cbb\u7597\u80ba\u7ed3\u6838\u7684\u836f\u7269\u94fe\u9709\u7d20\u514d\u4e13\u5229\u8d39\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65e5\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

1943\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u8d44\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\u7f57\u683c\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u8d5b\u5c14\u66fc\u00b7A\u00b7\u74e6\u514b\u65af\u66fc\uff08Selman Abraham Waksman\uff0c1888.7.22-1973.8.16\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6210\u529f\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u94fe\u9709\u7d20\uff1b1948\u5e74\uff0c\u9ed8\u514b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u7528\u94fe\u9709\u7d20\u6cbb\u7597\u80ba\u7ed3\u6838\u7684\u53cc\u76f2\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u94fe\u9709\u7d20\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u4ed8\u7ed3\u6838\u75c5\u7684\u836f\u7269\uff1b1952\u5e74\uff0c\u74e6\u514b\u65af\u66fc\u56e0\u53d1\u73b0\u6cbb\u7597\u80ba\u7ed3\u6838\u7684\u94fe\u9709\u7d20\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/p>\n

1945\u5e748\u6708\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6218\u8d25\u56fd\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u9677\u5165\u9965\u997f\u548c\u80ba\u7ed3\u6838\u6d41\u884c\u4e2d\u3002\u6218\u540e\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u529b\u8d2b\u7a77\uff0c\u65e0\u529b\u8d2d\u4e70\u94fe\u9709\u7d20\uff0c\u51e0\u5bb6\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u9ed8\u514b\uff08George Merck\uff0c1894.3.29\u20131957.11.9\uff09\u603b\u88c1\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u6551\u547d\u836f\u7269\u3002\u9ed8\u514b\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1a\u5411\u65e5\u672c\u514d\u9664\u94fe\u9709\u7d20\u4e13\u5229\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u4f20\u6388\u751f\u4ea7\u6280\u672f\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u5f97\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u94fe\u9709\u7d20\uff0c\u904f\u6b62\u4e86\u80ba\u7ed3\u6838\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af\u8bf4\uff0c\u9ed8\u514b\u603b\u88c1\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6148\u5584\u4e4b\u4e3e\u8ba9\u516c\u53f8\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u62a5\u916c\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u633d\u6551\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u751f\u547d\u30021950\u5e7412\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u5185\u5916\u7684\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u9ed8\u514b\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6c38\u8fdc\u94ed\u8bb0\uff1a\u533b\u836f\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u4e3a\u4eba\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u5229\u6da6\u662f\u968f\u4e4b\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u7262\u8bb0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5229\u6da6\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u836f\u5c31\u7ad9\u5728\u4e00\u65c1\uff0c\u7f6e\u4e4b\u5ea6\u5916\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6b62\u6b65\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u597d\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u5e26\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u5b83\u7684\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u6211\u95ee\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af\u5148\u751f\uff1a\u201c1941\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5077\u88ad\u73cd\u73e0\u6e2f\u7ed9\u7f8e\u56fd\u9020\u6210\u5de8\u5927\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u5ba3\u6218\uff0c\u6218\u540e\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\u65e5\u672c\uff1f\u4f60\u4eec\u4e0d\u6068\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5417\uff1f\u201d\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6218\u4e89\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6b63\u5728\u53d7\u82e6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5e2e\u52a9\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u518d\u95ee\u74e6\u6770\u6d1b\u65af\uff1a\u201c\u8d62\u5229\u662f\u5236\u836f\u516c\u53f8\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u60a8\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4\u670d\u516c\u53f8\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u540c\u610f\u60a8\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d54\u672c\u51b3\u7b56\uff1f\u201d\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5f53\u65f6\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u5f88\u5bcc\u88d5\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u8bf4\u670d\u4ed6\u4eec\u505a\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u9ed8\u514b\u7684\u793c\u7269<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5236\u836f\u4f01\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u63a5\u79cd\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u6570\u91cf\u8db3\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u9ad8\u989d\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u9ed8\u514b\u516c\u53f8\u5c06\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793c\u7269\u9001\u7ed9\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u65e0\u4ef7\u4e4b\u5b9d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u6881\u6653\u5cf0 \u4e2d\u56fd\u75be\u75c5\u9884\u9632\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u5fc3\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb<\/p>\n

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\u7ed3\u675f\u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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