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1<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u76f4\u52301776\u5e74\u300a\u72ec\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u53d1\u5e03\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5317\u7f8e\u5927\u9646\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u6062\u590d\u6211\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u3002\u4ece\u5f53\u65f6\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u5012\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u65e5\u540e\u7684\u9769\u547d\u8005\u6b64\u65f6\u53e3\u53e3\u58f0\u58f0\u5ba3\u544a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u4e4b\u5fc3\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\uff08Francis Hopkinson\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u7684\u7b7e\u7f72\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u65d7\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\uff09\u57281766\u5e74\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u96be\u9053\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u56fd\u5bb6\u540c\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\u5417\uff1f\u8eab\u5728\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u8bba\u4ece\u54ea\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u662f\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4eba\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u7684\u6ce2\u6d9b\u91cd\u91cd\u9694\u5f00\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u4f9d\u65e7\u3002\u201d\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u4e9a\u5f53\u65af\uff0c\u5728\u7ed9\u59bb\u5b50\u963f\u6bd4\u76d6\u5c14\u7684\u79c1\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u66fe\u4e0d\u65e0\u9a84\u50b2\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u65b0\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u6bd4\u7f8e\u6d32\u5176\u4ed6\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4f18\u8d8a\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u6bd4\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u9ad8\u51fa\u4e00\u7b79\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u90fd\u662f\u7eaf\u6b63\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u8840\u7edf\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u4e9a\u5f53\u65af\u81f4\u53cb\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u4ef6\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4ed6\u5bf9\u66b4\u529b\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7591\u8651\u2014\u2014\u62c5\u5fc3\u793e\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u5931\u53bb\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5bb3\u6015\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u8fce\u6765\u66b4\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\uff08Mobo-cracy\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5bf9\u5317\u7f8e\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u5a01\u80c1\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u8131\u79bb\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u5929\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u79fb\u6c11\u91c7\u53d6\u4f55\u79cd\u9a87\u4eba\u542c\u95fb\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c1745\u5e74\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u515a\u4eba\u53db\u4e71\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u53cd\u53db\u8005\u7684\u8840\u8165\u9547\u538b\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u8ba9\u7f8e\u6d32\u4eba\u58eb\u8bb0\u5fc6\u72b9\u65b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bd2\u800c\u6817\u2014\u2014\u6bd5\u7adf\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u662f\u897f\u534a\u7403\u4e43\u81f3\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5934\u53f7\u5f3a\u56fd\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6562\u5962\u671b\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u62b1\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u53cd\u8d2a\u5b98\u4e0d\u53cd\u7687\u5e1d\u201d\u7684\u9e35\u9e1f\u5fc3\u6001\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u8d2a\u5a6a\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u5185\u9601\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u5bbd\u539a\u4ec1\u6148\u4f46\u53d7\u8bef\u5bfc\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u5219\u542c\u4e4b\u4efb\u4e4b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u4e50\u89c2\u5730\u4ee5\u4e3a\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u6297\u4e89\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b8b\u66b4\u7684\u5185\u9601\u5012\u53f0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u5317\u7f8e\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u65b0\u5185\u9601\u987a\u5229\u767b\u573a\u3002\u6240\u4ee51775\u5e747\u67085\u65e5\u5217\u514b\u661f\u6566\u7b2c\u4e00\u58f0\u67aa\u54cd\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u9646\u4f1a\u8bae\u4ecd\u7136\u5411\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e09\u4e16\u9012\u4ea4\u4e86\u201c\u548c\u5e73\u8bf7\u613f\u4e66\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8bf7\u613f\u4e66\u91cc\u4ed6\u4eec\u606d\u987a\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u5bf9\u82f1\u738b\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ed6\u963b\u6b62\u5185\u9601\u7684\u654c\u5bf9\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fbe\u6210\u548c\u89e3\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7f8e\u6d32\u4eba\u6c11\u53ea\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u628a\u201c\u8bae\u4f1a\u65e0\u4ee3\u8868\u5219\u4e0d\u7eb3\u7a0e\u201d\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u5317\u7f8e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u6b63\u5982\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u83b1\u57fa\uff08W. E. N. Lecky\uff09\u5728\u201c\u56fa\u6267\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u201d\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u8bba\u65ad\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5014\u813e\u6c14\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u5f53\u653f\u3002\u5728\u5341\u6570\u5e74\u7684\u82f1\u7f8e\u7d27\u5f20\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u5f53\u6743\u8005\u7684\u5931\u8bef\u9996\u5148\u662f\u56de\u907f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u628a\u5317\u7f8e\u95ee\u9898\u7b80\u5355\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e00\u5c0f\u64ae\u4eba\u91ce\u5fc3\u4f5c\u795f\uff0c\u628a\u653f\u6cbb\u51b2\u7a81\u5eb8\u4fd7\u5316\u3002\u5728\u51b2\u7a81\u663e\u6027\u5316\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5374\u8f6c\u800c\u5b9e\u65bd\u201c\u8fb9\u7f18\u653f\u7b56\u201d\uff0c\u53c8\u628a\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u96f6\u548c\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3e\u52a8\u4e25\u91cd\u5730\u6076\u5316\u4e86\u5c40\u52bf\u2014\u2014\u5317\u7f8e\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u5916\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u88ab\u786c\u751f\u751f\u5730\u62e7\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u80a1\u7ef3\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u57c3\u5fb7\u8499\u00b7\u4f2f\u514b<\/p>\n

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2<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e54\u6cbb\u7684\u6218\u4e89<\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u00b7\u4e9a\u5f53\u65af<\/p>\n

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\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e09\u4e16\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u8868\u6fc0\u8fdb\u6f14\u8bb2\u7684\u4e24\u5468\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u57281775\u5e7411\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7b56\u5212\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5185\u9601\u91cd\u7ec4\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u66f4\u4e3a\u5f3a\u786c\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u628a\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u6770\u66fc\u52cb\u7235\uff08Lord George Germain\uff09\u63d0\u62d4\u5230\u7f8e\u6d32\u4e8b\u52a1\u5927\u81e3\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u2014\u2014\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u6770\u66fc\u52cb\u7235\u7d20\u6765\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7f8e\u6d32\u53db\u4e71\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5f3a\u786c\u7acb\u573a\u800c\u95fb\u540d\u3002\u6770\u66fc\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u82f1\u519b\u7edf\u5e05\u662f\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u8c6a\u52cb\u7235\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e89\u8bae\u4eba\u7269\u2014\u2014\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u4e4b\u6218\u4e2d\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u6709\u5229\u6218\u673a\uff0c\u8c6a\u5e76\u672a\u7a77\u8ffd\u731b\u6253\u4e00\u4e3e\u6d88\u706d\u5317\u7f8e\u53db\u519b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u82f1\u56fd\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u5c06\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u627c\u6740\u5728\u6447\u7bee\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u673a\u9047\u3002\u8c6a\u65e5\u540e\u8fa9\u89e3\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528\u624b\u4e0a\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u76d6\u56e0\u8fdc\u9694\u91cd\u6d0b\u3001\u8865\u7ed9\u4e0d\u6613\uff09\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ddf\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e2d\u82e5\u5e72\u8f89\u683c\u515a\u6210\u5458\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8c6a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u4eb2\u7f8e\u4eba\u58eb\u201d\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u6253\u4e00\u573a\u60e9\u6212\u6027\u7684\u6709\u9650\u6218\u4e89\uff08\u800c\u975e\u5168\u9762\u6218\u4e89\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u5c55\u793a\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u4f18\u52bf\u4e0d\u6218\uff08\u6216\u5c11\u6218\uff09\u800c\u5c48\u4eba\u4e4b\u5175\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u201c\u8b66\u5bdf\u884c\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u80a9\u8d1f\u6709\u6062\u590d\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\uff08\u4ed6\u53cd\u590d\u8bd5\u63a2\u8fc7\u4e0e\u7f8e\u65b9\u5abe\u548c\uff09\uff0c\u8986\u519b\u706d\u56fd\u56fa\u7136\u75db\u5feb\uff0c\u5374\u4f1a\u6c38\u4e45\u5730\u6495\u88c2\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\uff08\u8c6a\u4ecd\u7136\u628a\u5317\u7f8e\u4eba\u770b\u6210\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8c6a\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u8282\u5236\u7684\u4f5c\u6218\u91ca\u653e\u5584\u610f\uff0c\u5c06\u5317\u7f8e\u4eba\u5e26\u56de\u8c08\u5224\u684c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bc4\u5e0c\u671b\u4e8e\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u6218\u540e\u91cd\u5efa\u65b9\u80fd\u6536\u62fe\u4eba\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8c6a\u5c06\u519b\u53d7\u547d\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u533f\u540d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u4fbf\u5728\u9192\u76ee\u7684\u8b66\u8bed\u4e2d\u544a\u8beb\u9053\uff0c\u8c6a\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u6b63\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u82f1\u519b\u6253\u4e86\u8d25\u4ed7\uff0c\u8c6a\u5c06\u201c\u5728\u5176\u5144\u5f1f\u8a93\u6b7b\u634d\u536b\u7684\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c48\u8fb1\u5730\u5012\u4e0b\u201d\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u201c\u8c6a\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5728\u7f8e\u6d32\u5c06\u5728\u53f9\u606f\u4e2d\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\u3002\u201d\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8c6a\u7528\u201c\u9c9c\u8840\u6e05\u6d17\u7f8e\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u5c06\u56e0\u8fdd\u53cd\u5929\u6027\u548c\u4eba\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u6765\u4e16\u8d4e\u7f6a\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\u8c6a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u72ec\u7acb\u9769\u547d\u6df1\u5165\u5317\u7f8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u7528\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u773c\u5149\u6765\u770b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u51fb\u8d25\u4e00\u652f\u519b\u961f\u8db3\u4ee5\u5f15\u8d77\u67d0\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u540e\u679c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5148\u58f0\uff0c\u66f4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5927\u4f17\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u7406\u6027\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e76\u4e0d\u8d77\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8c6a\u4e0d\u4e45\u5373\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u88ab\u201c\u547d\u8fd0\u201d\u6240\u9f13\u821e\u7684\u5927\u4f17\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5fcd\u8010\u7a0b\u5ea6\u975e\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u57c3\u5229\u65af\uff08Joseph Ellis\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8c6a\u6c0f\u5144\u5f1f\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5317\u7f8e\u53db\u4e71\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8106\u5f31\u4e14\u80a4\u6d45\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u201d\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8c6a\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u4e4b\u6218\u4e2d\u6b7c\u706d\u534e\u76db\u987f\u519b\uff0c\u7ee7\u800c\u5206\u5272\u6d88\u706d\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u53cd\u6297\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u6218\u4e89\u4ecd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u2014\u2014\u987b\u77e5\u534e\u76db\u987f\u4e0e\u5927\u9646\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8c6a\u672c\u4eba\u6240\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u5f81\u670d\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u957f\u4e45\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u5374\u5f88\u96be\u3002\u5f00\u6218\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u57c3\u5fb7\u8499\u00b7\u4f2f\u514b\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u6f14\u8bb2\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5355\u9760\u52a8\u6b66\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u65f6\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u8bb8\u80fd\u9547\u538b\u4e8e\u4e00\u65f6\uff1b\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u94f2\u9664\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u9547\u538b\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u82e5\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u88ab\u5f81\u670d\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u2026\u2026\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ea4\u6218\u53cc\u65b9\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7686\u53ef\u8c13\u8270\u82e6\u5353\u7edd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u5c42\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u91cd\u91cd\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5c06\u5e05\u5931\u548c\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u88ab\u8feb\u7531\u653b\u8f6c\u5b88\u3002\u7ea6\u514b\u9547\u6218\u5f79\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u526f\u7edf\u5e05\u5eb7\u6c83\u5229\u65af\u7387\u90e8\u6295\u964d\u3002\u4f46\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e09\u4e16\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u80af\u627f\u8ba4\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u4ed6\u6b63\u5f0f\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u505c\u6218\u548c\u8c08\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u8981\u6c42\u8bae\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u52a0\u5927\u5f81\u8ba8\u529b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6700\u540e\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e09\u4e16\u7684\u987d\u56fa\u6001\u5ea6\u4f7f\u5f97\u6218\u4e89\u88ab\u4eba\u4e3a\u62c9\u957f\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5f97\u82f1\u56fd\u8499\u53d7\u66f4\u5927\u635f\u5931\u2014\u2014\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u4e2d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8054\u5408\u8230\u961f\u5c55\u5f00\u51b3\u6218\uff0c\u5927\u8d25\u4e8f\u8f93\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5236\u6d77\u6743\u5b8c\u5168\u4e27\u5931\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6e83\u8d25\u5df2\u5728\u6240\u96be\u514d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7ea6\u514b\u9547\u56f4\u57ce\u6218\u5f79<\/p>\n

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3<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u56fd\u738b\u65e9\u5e74\u4ee5\u6027\u683c\u5014\u5f3a\u3001\u56fa\u6267\u5df1\u89c1\u800c\u8457\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u5373\u4f4d\u540e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u56fd\u4f1a\u6f14\u8bb2\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u58f0\u79f0\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u7236\u7956\uff0c\u6052\u4ee5\u201c\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u4e4b\u540d\u800c\u81ea\u8c6a\u201d\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u81ea\u5e7c\u80f8\u6000\u5927\u5fd7\uff0c\u53c8\u52e4\u594b\u81ea\u52b1\uff0c\u5c31\u8fde\u8f89\u683c\u6d3e\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6885\uff08Thomas Erskine May\uff09\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u4ed6\u5b8c\u5168\u914d\u5f97\u4e0a\u201c\u7231\u56fd\u541b\u738b\u201d\uff08a patriot king\uff09\u7684\u79f0\u53f7\u3002\u75db\u611f\u4e8e\u4e4b\u524d\u4e24\u4f4d\u4e54\u6cbb\u56fd\u738b\u6c89\u6e4e\u5b09\u620f\u3001\u8352\u5e9f\u653f\u52a1\uff0c\u4ed6\u7acb\u5fd7\u8981\u91cd\u632f\u738b\u6743\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5411\u653f\u5e9c\u593a\u53d6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u64cd\u4e4b\u8fc7\u6025\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5374\u9002\u5f97\u5176\u53cd\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6ee1\u4e8e\u671d\u81e3\u989f\u9878\u62d6\u6c93\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u8bba\u5927\u4e8b\u5c0f\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e8b\u5fc5\u8eac\u4eb2\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6bc1\u635f\u4e86\u5065\u5eb7\uff08\u4ed6\u665a\u5e74\u56e0\u957f\u671f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7d27\u5f20\u800c\u60a3\u4e0a\u7cbe\u795e\u6027\u75be\u75c5\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u58f0\u671b\u3002\u65e5\u540e\u5728\u8c08\u523018\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u65f6\uff0c\u6e29\u65af\u987f\u00b7\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\u66fe\u5c16\u9510\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e09\u4e16\u201c\u5584\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u7410\u788e\u5c0f\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u548c\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u5374\u96be\u4ee5\u9a7e\u9a6d\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u529b\u201c\u904f\u5236\u8150\u8d25\u4e4b\u98ce\u201d\u7684\u4e0d\u79f0\u804c\u8005\u2014\u2014\u56fd\u738b\u6025\u4e8e\u6c42\u53d8\uff0c\u96be\u514d\u4efb\u4eba\u552f\u4eb2\uff1a\u4ed6\u5373\u4f4d\u4e0d\u5230\u4e24\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u56fd\u738b\u4e4b\u53cb\u201d\u6d3e\u4fbf\u5728\u4e0b\u9662\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u591a\u6570\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c1a\u4e0d\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u515a\u6d3e\uff0c\u4f46\u671d\u91ce\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5f88\u5feb\u4fbf\u660e\u767d\u4e86\u201c\u56fd\u738b\u4e4b\u53cb\u8363\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u53cb\u8fb1\u201d\u7684\u9053\u7406\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6253\u7740\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u6c11\u9009\u7684\u65d7\u53f7\uff0c\u5374\u80fd\u591f\u5b89\u4eab\u5404\u79cd\u96c6\u6743\u3001\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u82f1\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7279\u6709\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u7f8e\u56fd19\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e9\u4e2d\u671f\u7684\u201c\u653f\u515a\u5206\u80a5\u5236\u201d\u4fbf\u9690\u542b\u4e86\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e09\u4e16\u9876\u5c42\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u57fa\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e09\u4e16\u4e3a\u4eba\u53e4\u677f\u3001\u7acb\u8eab\u8c28\u4e25\uff0c\u5bf9\u5bab\u5ef7\u821e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u7c7b\u6beb\u65e0\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u827a\u6587\u4e4b\u4e8b\u5374\u60c5\u6709\u72ec\u949f\u3002\u65e9\u57281768\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5021\u8bae\u548c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4fbf\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u7687\u5bb6\u827a\u672f\u534f\u4f1a\u2014\u2014\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e5f\u88ab\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u8a89\u4e3a\u7ed8\u753b\u4e4b\u738b\u30021780\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5219\u5c06\u66f4\u591a\u7cbe\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u6280\u672f\u6539\u8fdb\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff1a\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e09\u4e16\u4eb2\u529b\u4eb2\u4e3a\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u4fc3\u8fdb\u519c\u4e1a\u6539\u826f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u6e29\u838e\u76f4\u63a5\u7ecf\u8425\u65b0\u578b\u519c\u4e1a\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8fd1\u90ca\u5efa\u7acb\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u690d\u7269\u56ed\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u5f15\u8fdb\u7f8e\u5229\u5974\u7f8a\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u7f8a\u6bdb\u4ea7\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u65f6\u82f1\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u519c\u4e1a\u4e13\u5bb6\u963f\u745f\u00b7\u626c(Arthur Young)\u4e43\u5c06\u4e54\u6cbb\u8a89\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u6280\u827a\u7684\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u53d7\u4eba\u656c\u7231\u7684\u201c\u519c\u592b\u4e54\u6cbb\u201d\u7684\u6635\u79f0\u4e5f\u6d41\u884c\u5f00\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u963f\u745f\u00b7\u626c(Arthur Young)<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e09\u4e16\u5bf9\u6148\u5584\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4ea6\u76f8\u5f53\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u75af\u4eba\u9662\u3001\u611f\u5316\u9662\u7b49\u5728\u5185\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6148\u5584\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90fd\u5c06\u4e54\u6cbb\u56fd\u738b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5e87\u62a4\u4eba\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u6ce8\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u82f1\u4f26\u63a8\u5e7f\u7684\u5148\u8fdb\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u201c\u4e3b\u65e5\u5b66\u6821\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u5170\u5f00\u65af\u7279\u5bfc\u751f\u5236\u201d\uff0c\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u8912\u5956\u548c\u80af\u5b9a\u30021786\u5e74 8\u6708\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u9014\u7ecf\u5723\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u5e7f\u573a\uff0c\u906d\u9047\u4e00\u540d\u53d1\u75af\u5973\u5b50\u884c\u523a\u3002\u4e8b\u540e\uff0c\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e09\u4e16\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8d66\u514d\u4e86\u8fd9\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u5c3c\u514b\u5c14\u68ee\u7684\u53ef\u601c\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd8\u8868\u793a\u8981\u5bf9\u5979\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u516c\u6b63\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5bf9\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e09\u4e16\u540c\u60c5\u548c\u6548\u5fe0\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u2014\u2014\u4eba\u4eec\u65e2\u4e3a\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8131\u9669\u611f\u5230\u6b23\u6170\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u5bf9\u5176\u9762\u5bf9\u5371\u673a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u9547\u5b9a\u548c\u5bf9\u81e3\u6c11\u7684\u5bbd\u5bb9\u611f\u5230\u656c\u4f69\u30021789\uff0c\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e09\u4e16\u6062\u590d\u5065\u5eb7\u540e\uff0c\u725b\u6d25\u6559\u6388\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u6c83\u987f (Thomas Warton)\u5728\u9882\u8bd7\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5168\u57ce\u706f\u706b\u901a\u660e\uff0c\/\u6c11\u4f17\u81ea\u53d1\u70b9\u4eae\u81ea\u5bb6\u7684\u6a71\u7a97\uff0c\/\u4e3a\u56fd\u738b\u6062\u590d\u5065\u5eb7\u800c\u5e86\u795d\uff0c\/\u751a\u81f3\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u3002\/\u201d<\/p>\n

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