{"id":72539,"date":"2026-06-27T08:48:52","date_gmt":"2026-06-27T00:48:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=72539"},"modified":"2026-06-27T08:48:52","modified_gmt":"2026-06-27T00:48:52","slug":"%e9%9c%87%e6%92%bc%ef%bc%81%e7%be%8e%e5%86%9b%e8%a7%86%e8%a7%92%e4%b8%8b%e7%9a%84%e6%8a%97%e7%be%8e%e6%8f%b4%e6%9c%9d%e4%ba%91%e5%b1%b1%e4%b9%8b%e6%88%98%ef%bc%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=72539","title":{"rendered":"\u9707\u64bc\uff01\u7f8e\u519b\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u6297\u7f8e\u63f4\u671d\u4e91\u5c71\u4e4b\u6218\uff01"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6765\u6e90\/\u6218\u4f8b\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n

\u7f16\u8bd1\/\u51e1\u662f\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u975e\u00a0 \u00a0 \u4f5c\u8005\/\u4e0a\u6821\uff08\u9000\u5f79\uff09\u51ef\u6587\u00b7C\u00b7M\u00b7\u672c\u68ee<\/p>\n

\u53d6\u6750\/The Last 100 Yards: the Crucible of Close Combat in Large-Scale Combat Operations<\/p>\n

\u8270\u5de8\u4efb\u52a1: 1950\u5e7411\u6708\u81f312\u6708\uff0c\u7b2c\u516b\u9a91\u5175\u56e23\u8425\u7684\u706d\u4ea1\u4e0e\u91cd\u751f<\/strong><\/p>\n

2001\u5e749\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u518d\u6b21\u5e94\u53ec\u53c2\u6218\uff1b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u73b0\u5728\u4ecd\u5728\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u548c\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u4f5c\u6218\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u4ece\u6218\u6597\u4e2d\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd4\u56de\u6218\u533a\u7684\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u53cd\u601d\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u6218\u4e89\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u51c6\u5907\u5c31\u7eea\u3002\u519b\u5b98\u548c\u58eb\u5b98\uff08NCOs\uff09\u4eec\u5076\u5c14\u4f1a\u62b1\u6028\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8425\u6216\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u6307\u6325\u90e8\u6240\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u8270\u82e6\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u8270\u82e6\u201d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6db5\u76d6\u8425\u4fdd\u969c\u519b\u5b98\u5230S-4\uff08\u540e\u52e4\uff09\u6216\u652f\u63f4\u6392\u9886\u5bfc\uff0cS-2\uff08\u60c5\u62a5\uff09\u9ad8\u7ea7\u58eb\u5b98\u5230\u4e3b\u70ae\u624b\u3002\u6211\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u7b2c\u516b\u9a91\u5175\u56e23\u8425\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bfb\u627e\u7531\u771f\u6b63\u201c\u575a\u97e7\u4e0d\u62d4\u201d\u7684\u6218\u58eb\u4eec\u5c65\u884c\u771f\u6b63\u201c\u8270\u82e6\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u4fdd\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u767e\u7801\u7684\u6218\u6597\u4e0e\u8fbe\u6210\u6218\u5f79\u4e0e\u6218\u7565\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u73b0\u5f79\u519b\u4eba\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u6218\u6597\u3002\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u5b98\u5175\u4eec\u8981\u505a\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3e\u6b62\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u59cb\u7ec8\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6218\u4e89\u5b9e\u9645\u3002\u6709\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4ed6\u4eec\u90e8\u961f\u6700\u8fd1\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5e76\u601d\u8003\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u518d\u6b21\u6295\u5165\u6218\u6597\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u9762\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u4e0e\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e8c\u8005\u4e2d\u5438\u53d6\u6559\u8bad\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728T. R. Fehrenbach\u300a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6218\u4e89\uff08This Kind of War\uff09\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u9192\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u679c\u65ad\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u5e94\u4ed8\u7684\u6218\u6597\u3002\u4ed6\u57281950\u5e74\u4e00\u4e2a\u9634\u51b7\u7684\u767d\u5929\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c11\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u7b2c\u516b\u9a91\u5175\u56e23\u8425\u8bbe\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u5fc3\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u9677\u9631\u3002\u8be5\u8425\u88ab\u5305\u56f4\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u540e\u65b9\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u969c\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u8d34\u8eab\u6218\u6597\uff0c\u8702\u62e5\u800c\u81f3\u8425\u6307\u6325\u6240\u3002\u201d1\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u52a8\u5411\u7684\u60c5\u62a5\u65ad\u65ad\u7eed\u7eed\uff0c\u81f3\u591a\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f8e\u519b\u548c\u201c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u519b\u201d\u60ca\u8bb6\u5176\u4ec5\u4e3a\u8425\u4e00\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

1950\u5e7411\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u4e91\u5c71<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6709\u62a5\u544a\u79f0\uff0c\u5927\u6279\u654c\u519b\u6b63\u8d8a\u8fc7\u4e91\u5c71\u4ee5\u5317\u7684\u4e18\u9675\u5411\u5357\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u654c\u4eba\u653e\u706b\u711a\u70e7\u68ee\u6797\uff0c\u4ee5\u70df\u96fe\u63a9\u76d6\u5176\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6a21\u7cca\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u53e6\u6709\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u9a91\u5175\u5e08\u5c5e\u70ae\u5175\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7eb5\u961f\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u706b\u3002\u654c\u4eba\u4e0d\u65ad\u7a7f\u8fc7\u51b0\u96f9\u822c\u7684\u70ae\u706b\u800c\u6765\u3002\u4e00\u540d\u70ae\u5175\u89c2\u5bdf\u673a\u98de\u884c\u5458\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u6240\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u6700\u5947\u602a\u7684\u666f\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u660e\u8fbe\u6d1e\uff08Myongdag-dong\uff09\u548c\u9f99\u57ce\u6d1e\uff08Yongchung-dong\uff09\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u6709\u654c\u65b92\u4e2a\u5927\u578b\u6b65\u5175\u7eb5\u961f\u6b63\u5728\u5411\u4e1c\u5357\u65b9\u5411\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u70ae\u5f39\u6b63\u597d\u843d\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7eb5\u961f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u7ee7\u7eed\u524d\u8fdb\u800c\u6765\u30022<\/p>\n

\u654c\u519b\u7eb5\u961f\u5206\u522b\u5728\u4e91\u5c71\u4ee5\u5357\u548c\u4ee5\u897f7\u7a7a\u82f1\u91cc\uff08\u540c\u6d77\u91cc\uff09\u548c5\u6d77\u91cc\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u9a91\u5175\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e08\u5404\u8425\u4ee5\u5357\u3002\u5e08\u957f\uff0c\u970d\u5df4\u7279\u201c\u54c8\u666e\u201d\u00b7\u76d6\u4f0a\uff08Hobart \u201cHap\u201d Gay\uff09\u5c11\u5c06\u8bf7\u793a\u6839\u636e\u5f97\u62a5\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u884c\u52a8\u8c03\u6574\u4ed6\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7eb5\u961f\u662f\u66f4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5fd7\u613f\u519b\uff08Chinese Communist\u610f\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e0b\u540c\uff09\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76d6\u4f0a\u547d\u4ee4\u7b2c\u516b\u9a91\u5175\u56e2\u4e3a\u8be5\u5e08\u5728\u4e91\u5c71\u4ee5\u5357\u8fdb\u884c\u673a\u52a8\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u540e\u65b9\u8b66\u6212\u3002\u572811\u67081\u65e5\u5269\u4f59\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u6218\u672f\u5c40\u52bf\u66f4\u52a0\u6076\u5316\u3002\u5fd7\u613f\u519b\u5207\u65ad\u4e86\u901a\u5f80\u4e91\u5c71\u4ee5\u5357\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9053\u8def\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4ee5\u706b\u70ae\u652f\u63f4\u7684\u6b65\u5175\u4ece\u5317\u3001\u897f\u548c\u5357\u65b9\u5411\u653b\u51fb\u9a91\u516b\u56e2\u7684\u7b2c1\u8425\u548c\u7b2c2\u8425\u3002\u51c6\u5907\u64a4\u9000\u7684\u9a91\u516b\u56e2\uff0c\u5728\u6076\u52a3\u5730\u5f62\u4e2d\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u4e0e\u654c\u519b\u6b65\u5175\u76f8\u6bd4\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u52a8\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u6597\u5b64\u6ce8\u4e00\u63b7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81f311\u67081\u65e523\u65f6\uff0c1\u8425\u548c2\u8425\u4ece\u5176\u521d\u59cb\u9635\u5730\u64a4\u9000\u3002\u5404\u8425\u6d88\u8017\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5f39\u836f\u3002\u5fd7\u613f\u519b\u5728\u4e1c\u9762\u51fb\u6e83\u4e86\u97e9\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u519b\u56e2\u3002\u76d6\u4f0a\u5c11\u5c06\u4e0b\u4ee4\u64a4\u56de\u9a91\u516b\u56e2\u3002\u56e2\u957f\u96f7\u8499\u5fb7\u00b7D\u00b7\u5e15\u5c14\u9ed8\uff08Raymond D. Palmer\uff09\u4e0a\u6821\u5c06\u540e\u536b\u4efb\u52a1\u6307\u6d3e\u7ed9\u4e863\u8425\u300211\u67082\u65e523\u81f30130\u65f6\uff0c\u7b2c1\u8425\u548c\u7b2c2\u8425\u5411\u5357\u6218\u6597\uff0c\u6e21\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e5d\u9f99\uff08Kuryong\uff09\u6c5f\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u5730\u72f1\u822c\u7684\u6218\u6597\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5404\u90e8\u961f\u6df7\u6742\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8fd1\u8ddd\u79bb\u653b\u51fb\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6df7\u4e71\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u56e2\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u4eec\u4e3a\u64a4\u9000\u5230\u6cb3\u7684\u5357\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8089\u640f\u6218\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u9a91\u516b\u56e21\u30012\u8425\u7684\u4f59\u90e8\u6e21\u8fc7\u6cb3\u6d41\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e3a3\u8425\u5b88\u4f4f\u6e21\u53e3\u30023<\/p>\n

11\u67082\u65e501\u65f630\u5206\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c1\u8425\u8425\u957f\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u7c73\u5229\u91d1\uff08John Millikin\uff09\u5c11\u6821\u5728\u4e91\u5c71\u4ee5\u5357\u9053\u8def\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c94\u8def\u53e3\u53d1\u73b0\u4e863\u8425\u8425\u957f\u7f57\u4f2f\u00b7J\u00b7\u5965\u8499\u5fb7\uff08Robert J. Ormond\uff09\u5c11\u6821\u3002\u7c73\u5229\u91d1\u8be2\u95ee\u5965\u8499\u5fb7\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u654c\u519b\u60c5\u62a5\u3002\u5965\u8499\u5fb7\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u6700\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u5b88\u4f4f\u9053\u8def\u5c94\u53e3\uff0c\u76f4\u52301\u8425\u548c2\u8425\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u5411\u5357\u6e21\u8fc7\u6cb3\u6d41\u3002\u5965\u8499\u5fb7\u4f1a\u575a\u5b88\u6b64\u5904\uff0c\u5e76\u7559\u4e0b\u7c73\u5229\u91d1\u53bb\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d771\u8425\u4e03\u96f6\u516b\u843d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5728\u591c\u665a\u4f59\u4e0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u76f4\u81f3\u6e05\u6668\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u51b2\u8fc7\u5fd7\u613f\u519b\u4f0f\u51fb\u7684\u7b2c1\u30012\u8425\u5b98\u5175\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5\u53bb\u5f803\u8425\u9635\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5965\u8499\u5fb7\u56de\u5230\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u8bbe\u8d773\u8425\u6307\u6325\u90e8\u7684\u90a3\u7247\u8015\u5730\u4e0a\u3002\u5404\u8fde\u90fd\u5c1a\u672a\u4e0e\u654c\u4eba\u63a5\u89e6\u3002\u8fd9\u6761\u9053\u8def\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u654c\u4eba\u96f6\u661f\u706b\u529b\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u4f46\u6beb\u65e0\u6548\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8425\u9884\u8ba1\u5728\u8be5\u56e2\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u90e8\u5f80\u5357\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u518d\u4e95\u7136\u6709\u5e8f\u5730\u64a4\u9000\u3002\u5404\u8fde\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5168\u56e2\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u961f\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u82e6\u96be\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5f80\u5357\u7684\u9053\u8def\u5df2\u88ab\u5c01\u9501\u3002\u5965\u8499\u5fb7\u5c11\u6821\u56de\u5230\u8425\u6307\u6325\u90e8\uff0c\u4e0e\u6267\u884c\u5b98\u7ef4\u5c14\u00b7F\u00b7\u83ab\u91cc\u4e9a\u8482\uff08Veale F. Moriarty\uff09\u5c11\u6821\u5546\u8bae\u3002\u5965\u8499\u5fb7\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u6cbf\u7740\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u884c\u8fdb\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u5f97\u77e5\uff0c\u5357\u8fb9\u7684\u8def\u88ab\u5835\u4f4f\u4e86\u30023\u8425\u5c06\u63a9\u62a4\u8be5\u56e2\u7684\u540e\u64a4\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u5411\u5357\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8425\u5f00\u59cb\u5217\u961f\u51c6\u5907\u64a4\u9000\u3002\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u9632\u5fa1\u9635\u5730\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u7b49\u5175\uff08\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u5c11\u6821\uff09\u4e54\u00b7\u9a6c\u56fe\u79d1\u5c3c\u65af\uff08Joe Matukonis\uff09\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u6613\u53d7\u653b\u51fb\u6216\u91c7\u53d6\u9632\u5fa1\u59ff\u6001\u3002\u201d\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u90fd\u6ca1\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u975e\u5e38\u5e73\u9759\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u8425\u5730\uff0c\u8ba9\u8f66\u8f86\u5728\u6307\u6325\u90e8\u5317\u4fa7\u897f\u8fb9\u7684\u8def\u8fb9\u5217\u961f4\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1950\u5e7410\u670825\u65e5\u81f311\u67081\u65e5\u5fd7\u613f\u519b\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u653b\u52bf\u5730\u56fe<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1950\u5e7411\u67081\u65e5\u81f32\u65e5\u665a\uff0c\u4e91\u5c71\u4f5c\u6218\u5730\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u7b2c8\u9a91\u5175\u56e2\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n

11\u67082\u65e53\u65f6\u6574<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8be5\u8425\u548c\u6307\u6325\u90e8\u9a7b\u624e\u5728NammyonRiver\u4ee5\u5317\uff0c\u9760\u8fd1\u4e5d\u9f99\uff08Kuryong\uff09\u6c5f\u4e0a\u9a86\u9a7c\u5934\u5f2f\u7684\u9f3b\u5c16\u5904\u3002\u8be5\u8425\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e91\u5c71\u897f\u5357\u76f4\u7ebf\u8ddd\u79bb3\u82f1\u91cc\u5904\u3002\u4e00\u7b49\u5175Matukonis\u518d\u6b21\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6211\u60f3\u771f\u6b63\u4ee4\u6211\u5403\u60ca\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u54e8\u4f4d\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u6e17\u900f\u8005\u51fb\u4e2d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8fdc\u5904\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1d\u6beb\u6218\u6597\u7684\u58f0\u54cd\u3002\u5f53\u591c\uff0c11\u67082\u65e5\u665a\u7ea611\u65f6\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\u6574\u7406\u597d\u88c5\u5177\u51fa\u53d1\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u6d45\u5904\u8fc7\u6cb3\u2026\u2026\u8fd1\u5348\u591c\u65f6\uff0cOrmand \u4e2d\u6821\uff08\u539f\u6587\uff09\u548c\u9ea6\u514b\u6bd4\uff08McAbee\uff09\u4e0a\u5c09\u6765\u5230\u7535\u53f0\u8f66\u524d\uff0c\u4e0e\u56e2\u957f\u5e15\u5c14\u9ed8\uff08Palmer\uff09\u4e0a\u6821\u901a\u8bdd\u3002\u4ece\u201cSCRAPPY 6\u53f7\u201d\uff08\u5e15\u5c14\u9ed8\u7684\u547c\u53f7\uff09\u4f20\u6765\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u901a\u8bdd\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u521a\u521a\u6e05\u9664\u4e86\u8def\u969c\uff1b\u5728\u4f60\u6240\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e1c\u535710\u82f1\u91cc\u5904\u6709\u4e2a\u96c6\u7ed3\u5730\u57df\uff1b\u5c3d\u4f60\u6240\u80fd\u62b5\u8fbe\u8fd9\u91cc\u30025<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u4ece\u5357\u9762\u63a5\u8fd1\u6307\u6325\u90e8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u671d\u7740\u8be5\u56e2\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u9a918\u56e23\u8425M\u8fde\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u662f\u97e9\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9519\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u8be5\u8fde\u961f\u63a5\u8fd1\u8425\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u54e8\u58f0\u548c\u519b\u53f7\u54cd\u8d77\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5f00\u706b\u4e86\u3002\u8425\u90e8\u548c\u8425\u5206\u961f\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd8\u51fb\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u7247\u6df7\u4e71\u3002\u5e0c\u5c14\uff08W.C. Hill\uff09\u5c11\u5c09\u540e\u6765\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5f53\u6211\u542c\u5230\u53f7\u58f0\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6211\u5728\u505a\u68a6\u2026\u2026\u8fd8\u6709\u8fdc\u5904\u7684\u9a6c\u8e44\u58f0\u201d\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4ece\u70df\u96fe\u4e2d\u7206\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u4eba\u5f71\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u4eba\u5f00\u67aa\u5c04\u548c\u523a\u5200\u6345\u30026\u9a86\u9a7c\u5934\u5f2f\u7684\u78e8\u96be\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u3002
\n\u6218\u6597\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u5730\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8981\u70b9\uff1a\u6307\u6325\u90e8\u63a9\u4f53\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u73ed\u7684\u5766\u514b\u3002\u8be5\u8425\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5458\u63a5\u5230\u64a4\u9000\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6218\u6597\u6e21\u8fc7\u4e5d\u9f99\u6c5f\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u5357\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u97e9\u519b\u9632\u7ebf\u3002Matukonis\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e00\u7247\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u56db\u9762\u516b\u65b9\u90fd\u5728\u5f00\u706b\u3002\u6211\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5012\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u7a7f\u8d8a\u9053\u8def\u6765\u5230\u6cb3\u8fb9\u3002\u5766\u514b\u6b63\u5728\u8fd1\u8ddd\u79bb\u5e73\u5c04\uff0c\u4e14\u5f88\u96be\u5206\u8fa8\u654c\u6211\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u65f6\u4fbf\u5c04\u51fb\uff0c\u7136\u540e2\u8425\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u4e2d\u5c09\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u64a4\u9000\u5230\u6cb3\u5bf9\u5cb8\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u524d\u5f80\u96c6\u7ed3\u5730\u57df7 \u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4ed6\u58eb\u5175\u4eec\u6210\u7fa4\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u6218\u6597\u3002\u8be5\u8425\u7684\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u514b\u62c9\u4f26\u65af\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\uff08Clarence Anderson\uff09\u4e0a\u5c09\u548c\u8425\u7267\u5e08\u57c3\u7c73\u5c14\u00b7\u5361\u666e\u5170\uff08Emil Kapaun\uff09\u795e\u7236\u5728\u6218\u6597\u4e2d\u56db\u5904\u5954\u8d70\u62d6\u7740\u4f24\u5458\u5230\u6307\u6325\u90e8\u63a9\u4f53\u4e2d\u3002\u8425\u957f\u5965\u8499\u5fb7\u5c11\u6821\uff0c\u8eab\u8d1f\u91cd\u4f24\u4f46\u4e3a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6307\u6325\u6218\u6597\u800c\u62d2\u7edd\u6cbb\u7597\u3002\u5766\u514b\u548c\u6307\u6325\u90e8\u63a9\u4f53\u56db\u5468\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u8d34\u8eab\u8089\u640f\u7684\u6218\u6597\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u8feb\u51fb\u70ae\u96e8\u70b9\u822c\u8f70\u51fb\u8be5\u5730\u57df\u3002\u57c3\u5c14\u9ed8\u00b7\u7c73\u52d2(Elmer Miller)\u4e0a\u58eb\u7684\u5766\u514b\u5206\u961f\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u8be5\u8425\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u76f4\u5230\u5929\u4eae\u3002<\/p>\n

11\u67082\u65e56\u65f6\u6574<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5929\u4eae\u65f6\uff0c\u76df\u519b\u98de\u673a\u524d\u6765\u652f\u63f4\u8be5\u8425\u3002\u7b2c5\u9a91\u5175\u56e2\u56e2\u957f\u54c8\u7f57\u5fb7\u00b7K\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\uff08Harold K. Johnson\uff09\u4e0a\u6821\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u53cd\u653b\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u8f7b\u9a91\u51758\u56e23\u8425\u7684\u538b\u529b\u5e76\u633d\u6551\u8be5\u8425\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u5bf9\u89e3\u65513\u8425\u6000\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u70ed\u60c5\u3002\u5728\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u88ab\u664b\u5347\u4e3a\u9a915\u56e2\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8425\u5230\u8fbe\u671d\u9c9c\u65f6\u66fe\u7edf\u7387\u8be5\u8425\u30028\u8fdb\u653b\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u9020\u6210500\u4eba\u4f24\u4ea1\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u7f29\u5c0f\u7684\u9a918\u56e23\u8425\u9632\u7ebf\u5185\uff0c\u8fd8\u67096\u540d\u519b\u5b98\u548c200\u540d\u58eb\u5175\u53ef\u4ee5\u6218\u6597\u3002\u9632\u7ebf\u5185\u6709170\u540d\u4f24\u5458\u3002\u5965\u8499\u5fb7\u5c11\u6821\u8d1f\u91cd\u4f24\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u53c2\u8c0b\u4eba\u5458\u6216\u9635\u4ea1\u6216\u5931\u8e2a\u3002\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u519b\u5b98\u548c\u58eb\u5b98\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u9632\u5fa1\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6316\u6398\u6218\u58d5\u3001\u63a9\u62a4\u4f24\u5458\u5e76\u5206\u53d1\u5f39\u836f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5df2\u88ab\u5386\u53f2\u9057\u5fd8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u590d\u8ff0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u82f1\u52c7\u4e8b\u8ff9\u3002\u8be5\u56e2\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5b98\u5175\u4ece\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u5c71\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u9632\u7ebf\u7684\u5175\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u6700\u521d\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u5fd7\u613f\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u8f86\u88ab\u51fb\u6bc1\u7684\u7f8e\u519b\u7b2c\u4e00\u9a91\u5175\u5e08\u5766\u514b<\/p>\n

11\u67082\u65e515\u65f6\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u8be5\u8425\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9632\u5fa1\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u519b\u957f\u7c73\u5c14\u4f2f\u6069\u5c11\u5c06\u4e0e\u5e08\u957f\u76d6\u4f0a\u5c11\u5c06\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u9a915\u56e2\u7b2c\u4e94\u6b21\u89e3\u6551\u8fdb\u653b\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u8be5\u5e08\u5c06\u4f1a\u64a4\u9000\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5fd7\u613f\u519b\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u519b\u6b63\u9762\u8fdb\u653b\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7c73\u5c14\u4f2f\u6069\u8fd8\u662f\u76d6\u4f0a\u90fd\u89c9\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u529b\u91cf\u89e3\u6551\u7b2c3\u8425\u3002\u7535\u53f0\u4ec5\u80fd\u65ad\u65ad\u7eed\u7eed\u901a\u8baf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u8425\u9886\u5bfc\u4eec\u4ea6\u5982\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5e08\u548c\u519b\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u4eec\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4fdd\u6301\u6574\u4e2a\u5e08\u805a\u62e2\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u8425\u7684\u635f\u5931\u4efd\u91cf\u66f4\u91cd\u30021950\u5e7411\u67082\u65e5\u9ec4\u660f\uff0c\u7b2c\u516b\u9a91\u5175\u56e23\u8425\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u6551\u4e86\u3002\u8be5\u8425\u6b8b\u4f59\u5b98\u5175\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

11\u67082\u65e5\u81f33\u65e5\uff0c\u591c\u665a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u591c\u95f4\u8fdb\u653b\u4e86\u4e0d\u65ad\u7f29\u5c0f\u7684\u9632\u7ebf6\u6b21\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u4ee5\u8425\u7ea7\u5175\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u5168\u90e8\u51fb\u9000\u3002\u5e78\u5b58\u7684\u9a91\u5175\u56e2\u58eb\u5175\u4ece\u4e0d\u7ba1\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd8\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\u8eab\u4e0a\u6536\u96c6\u6b66\u5668\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6218\u6597\u3002\u591c\u95f4\uff0c\u6307\u6325\u90e8\u63a9\u4f53\u88ab\u5360\u9886\uff0c\u8425\u7267\u5e08\u5361\u666e\u5170\u795e\u7236\u548c15\u540d\u4f24\u5458\u88ab\u4fd8\u3002\u4f24\u52bf\u8f83\u91cd\u7684\u4f24\u5458\u88ab\u7559\u5728\u63a9\u4f53\u91cc\u7b49\u6b7b\u30029\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u8425\u90fd\u5728\u4e3a\u751f\u5b58\u800c\u6218\u3002\u767d\u663c\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u8fd1\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u7a7a\u4e2d\u652f\u63f4\u3002\u76f4\u5347\u673a\u8bd5\u56fe\u8fd0\u9001\u8865\u7ed9\u5e76\u6551\u56de\u4f24\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u5730\u9762\u706b\u529b\u51fb\u9000\u3002\u519b\u7ea7\u548c\u5e08\u7ea7\u6218\u672f\u6027\u6218\u6597\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0e\u5fd7\u613f\u519b\u4ee5\u53ca\u97e9\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u91cd\u538b\u4e0b\u6709\u5e8f\u64a4\u9000\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u89e3\u6551\u9a918\u56e23\u8425\u7684\u6b8b\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n

11\u67083 – 4\u65e5\uff0c\u591c\u665a<\/strong><\/p>\n

11\u67083\u65e5\u548c4\u65e5\u591c\u665a\u662f\u524d\u4e00\u591c\u7684\u91cd\u6f14\uff1a\u8feb\u51fb\u70ae\u548c\u5927\u70ae\u6301\u7eed\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u662f\u5730\u9762\u7a81\u51fb\u3002\u81f311\u67084\u65e5\u6e05\u6668\uff0c\u5c1a\u80fd\u6218\u6597\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u4e0d\u8db3200\u4eba\u3002\u6709250\u540d\u4f24\u5458\u65e0\u6cd5\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u5e78\u5b58\u7684\u519b\u5b98\uff0c\u9a918\u56e22\u8425\u7684\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3\uff08George McDonnell\uff09\u4e0a\u5c09\u548c\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u83b1\u6069\uff08William McLain\uff09\u4e0a\u5c09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9a918\u56e23\u8425L\u8fde\u7684\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u5e03\u7f57\u59c6\u585e\u5c14\uff08Paul Bromser\uff09\u5c11\u5c09\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e26\u9886\u8be5\u8425\u5269\u4f59\u5c1a\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u4ee5\u4e00\u9f13\u4f5c\u6c14\u7a81\u7834\u9632\u7ebf\uff0c\u5e76\u5f52\u5efa\u9a91\u5175\u5e08\u3002\u8425\u519b\u533b\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u4e0a\u5c09\u81ea\u613f\u4e0e\u4f24\u5458\u7559\u4e0b\u3002\u4f24\u5458\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u62b1\u6028\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u544a\u8bc9\u7a81\u56f4\u7684\u4eba\u56de\u6765\u63a5\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u70ae\u5175\u5f00\u59cb\u6253\u767d\u78f7\u5f39\u65f6\u7a81\u56f4\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u3002\u76f4\u523011\u67086\u65e5\u4e0b\u5348\uff0c\u7a81\u56f4\u58eb\u5175\u4eec\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c0f\u7684\u961f\u4f0d\u4ee5\u6218\u6597\u7a7f\u8d8a\u4e86\u5fd7\u613f\u519b\u9632\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u90a3\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u519b\u70ae\u5175\u652f\u63f4\u706b\u529b\u5c04\u7a0b\u5185\uff0c\u5fd7\u613f\u519b\u5305\u56f4\u4e86\u9a91\u516b\u56e23\u8425\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6279\u6709\u5efa\u5236\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5b98\u5175\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u6279\u548c\u5355\u4e2a\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u9003\u8131\u3002\u8be5\u8425700\u591a\u540d\u5b98\u5175\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u670910\u540d\u519b\u5b98\u548c\u4e0d\u5230200\u540d\u58eb\u5175\u80fd\u591f\u5f52\u5efa\u8be5\u56e2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8003\u8651\u6700\u540e\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\uff0c\u7559\u7ed9\u8be5\u8425\u5c1a\u5b58\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u7684100\u7801\u30021950\u5e7411\u67082\u65e515\u65f6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8425\u6551\u673a\u4f1a\u4e86\u3002\u8be5\u8425\u9ad8\u7ea7\u9886\u5bfc\u8d1f\u4f24\uff1b\u4e8e\u662f\u6307\u6325\u6743\u5c31\u843d\u5230\u4e86\u5e78\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u57fa\u5c42\u519b\u5b98\u548c\u58eb\u5b98\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u9886\u5bfc\u9009\u62e9\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7167\u987e\u4f24\u5458\uff0c\u5fcd\u53d7\u6210\u4e3a\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u5c48\u8fb1\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u5bfc\u7387\u9886\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u6218\u6597\u7684\u4eba\u8bd5\u56fe\u56de\u5230\u7f8e\u519b\u6218\u7ebf\u3002\u4efb\u52a1\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u7167\u987e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u58eb\u5175\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4f5c\u6218\u548c\u6218\u7565\u76ee\u6807\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u767e\u7801\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u662f\u7531\u5e08\u957f\u548c\u519b\u957f\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53c2\u8c0b\u4eba\u5458\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u5e08\u548c\u519b\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8425\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u4f4f\u7b2c\u4e00\u9a91\u5175\u5e08\u5176\u4ed6\u5175\u529b\u3002\u8270\u96be\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u968f\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8425\u7684\u6bc1\u706d\u800c\u7ec8\u7ed3\u300211\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u7b2c\u516b\u9a91\u5175\u56e2\u5411\u5e08\u548c\u519b\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5176\u5175\u529b\u5c1a\u5b58\u4ec5\u4e3a\u7f16\u5236\u5175\u529b\u768445%\u300210<\/p>\n

1950\u5e7411\u670821\u65e5<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u65f6\u62c5\u4efb\u9a91\u51758\u56e22\u8425\u4f5c\u6218\u53c2\u8c0b\u7684\u7684\u5c11\u6821R. J.\u201c\u901f\u5ea6\u201d\u8a79\u5b81\u65af\u5949\u547d\u63a5\u624b\u6307\u63253\u8425\u300211\u8a79\u5b81\u65af\u56de\u5fc6\u8d77\u90a3\u65f63\u8425\u7684\u6b8b\u5175\u6b63\u5728\u5e73\u58e4\u4ee5\u5317\u7ea6\u4e94\u5341\u82f1\u91cc\u7684\u65f7\u91ce\u91cc\u7761\u89c9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u539a\u91cd\u7684\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8425\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u8f66\u8f86\u3002\u5e08\u53c2\u8c0b\u90e8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u8425\u662f\u4e00\u652f\u6ca1\u6709\u6218\u6597\u529b\u7684\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u6b63\u8003\u8651\u5c06\u5176\u4ece\u5e08\u4e2d\u9664\u540d\u3002\u8a79\u5b81\u65af\u5199\u9053:\u201c\u63a5\u624b3\u8425\u6307\u6325\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u8270\u5de8\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u201d12\u8a79\u5b81\u65af\u5e76\u4e0d\u60f3\u8981\u8fd9\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u56e2\u957f\u548c\u5e08\u53c2\u8c0b\u957f\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ed6\u91cd\u5efa\u8be5\u8425\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c06\u5f97\u5230\u5168\u529b\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n

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