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\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u4e0e\u5362\u5361<\/p>\n

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\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6e\u5230\u4e86\u515a\u536b\u961f\u4e0a\u7ea7\u5206\u961f\u957f\u9f50\u683c\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u30fb\u683c\u96f7\u5947\u4e4c\u65af\uff08Siegfried Graetschus\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u8d1f\u8d23\u6307\u6325\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u536b\u961f\u3002\u867d\u7136\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u88c1\u7f1d\u94fa\u3002\u56da\u72af\u52d2\u7eb3(lerner)\u8bc1\u8bcd\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6211\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5e72\u6389\u683c\u96f7\u5947\u4e4c\u65af\uff0c\u6211\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u5174\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5e72\u6389\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fb7\u56fd\u9b3c\u5b50\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7279\u522b\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\u65a7\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u524d\u5c31\u51c6\u5907\u5c31\u7eea\uff0c\u5750\u7b49\u5fb7\u56fd\u4f6c\u8fdb\u6765\u3002\u5f88\u5feb\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u6765\uff0c\u5c3c\u66fc\u88ab\u6740\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u5f88\u5174\u594b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fdb\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u95ee\u6211\u4eec\u51ac\u5b63\u5927\u8863\u662f\u5426\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c1\u7f1d\u628a\u8863\u670d\u9012\u7ed9\u4ed6\uff0c\u5e2e\u4ed6\u8bd5\u7a7f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u8ddd\u79bb\u6211\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u66f4\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u52a8\u624b\uff0c\u6211\u6b64\u65f6\u7ad9\u8d77\u8eab\u6765\uff0c\u624b\u91cc\u62ff\u7740\u65a7\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u906e\u7740\u4e00\u4ef6\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u4ece\u80cc\u540e\u8d70\u8fd1\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e00\u65a7\u5b50\u5288\u5f00\u4e86\u4ed6\u8111\u888b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5c38\u4f53\u85cf\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u684c\u4e0b\u9762\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u683c\u96f7\u5947\u4e4c\u65af\uff081916-1943\uff09<\/p>\n

\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u536b\u5175-\u5fb7\u88d4\u4eba\u4f0a\u4e07\u30fb\u514b\u62c9\u7279\uff08ivan klat\uff09\u4e5f\u88ab\u6740\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u57282\u53f7\u8425\u533a\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u53c8\u67092\u4e2a\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u88ab\u5f15\u5165\u8863\u670d\u50a8\u85cf\u5ba4\u88ab\u5e72\u6389\u3002\u73b0\u57282\u53f7\u8425\u533a\u9664\u4e86\u8d1d\u514b\u66fc\u5728\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u515a\u536b\u519b\u5168\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u773c\u770b\u665a\u70b9\u540d\u65f6\u95f4\u5feb\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ea8\u5fb7\u52d2\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e0d\u505a\u4e8c\u4e0d\u4f11\uff0c\u4e0a\u95e8\u6740\u4eba\u3002\u6ce2\u6cfd\u5179\u5361\u7684\u5f1f\u5f1f\u8d1f\u8d23\u672c\u6b21\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u5e26\u4e862\u4e2a\u4eba\u6765\u5230\u8d1d\u514b\u66fc\u7684\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u6572\u95e8\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u5165\u5185\u6c47\u62a5\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u8d1d\u514b\u66fc\uff081910-1943\uff09<\/p>\n

2\u53f7\u8425\u533a\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7531\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u7535\u5de5schwartz\u987a\u5229\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4ed6\u526a\u65ad\u4e86\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u5bf9\u5916\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u7ebf\uff0c\u8fd8\u5207\u65ad\u4e86\u8425\u533a\u7684\u603b\u7535\u6e90\u3002\u73b0\u57282\u53f7\u8425\u533a\u7684\u6d3b\u5168\u90e8\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ea8\u5fb7\u52d2\u8ba9\u5c91\u4f2f\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u5c0f\u7ec4\u56de\u52301\u53f7\u8425\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u72af\u4eba\u4e25\u7981\u79bb\u5f002\u53f7\u8425\u533a\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7b49\u5f85\u665a\u70b9\u540d\u7684\u5230\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

4\u70b9\u4e09\u523b\uff0c\u5c91\u4f2f\u65af\u57fa\u56de\u52301\u53f7\u8425\u7684\u6728\u5320\u94fa\uff0c\u5174\u594b\u5730\u5411\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u6c47\u62a5\u4e862\u53f7\u8425\u533a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u65f6\u6ce2\u6cfd\u5179\u5361\u548c\u5176\u4ed63\u4e2a\u72af\u4eba\u4ece4\u53f7\u8425\u533a\u4f10\u6728\u56de\u6765\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u6728\u5320\u94fa\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7740\u515a\u536b\u961f\u4e0b\u7ea7\u5206\u961f\u957f\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u30fb\u9ad8\u5c14\u65af\u8482\u5e0c\uff08Freidrich Gaulstich\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

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5\u70b9\u949f\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5e74\u4ec515\u5c81\u7684\u9996\u9970\u5320\u65af\u5766\u5c3c\u65af\u74e6\u592b\u30fb\u4ec0\u8fc8\u5179\u7eb3\uff08Stanis\u0142aw Szmajzner\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u914d\u89d2\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09\u548c\u5176\u4ed62\u4e2a\u5e74\u8f7b\u72af\u4eba\u6210\u529f\u5730\u4ece\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u4eba\u7684\u8425\u623f\u91cc\u5077\u51fa\u4e866\u652f\u6b65\u67aa\uff0c\u88c5\u5728\u7ba1\u5b50\u91cc\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u4ed6\u8fd8\u641e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f39\u836f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u8d8a\u72f1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6218\u6597\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6b64\u65f6\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u8fd8\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\uff0c\u9501\u5320engel\u5728\u8f66\u5e93\u91cc\u5e72\u6389\u4e86\u5148\u524d\u5e26\u51b2\u950b\u67aa\u7684\u74e6\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u91cc\u5df4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u8ba1\u5212\u5916\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u88ab\u5b89\u6392\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u8c22\u82d7\u00b7\u7f57\u68ee\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7(semion rosenfeld)\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e0b\u5348\u90fd\u5728\u78e8\u65a7\u5b50\u4ee5\u53ca\u7422\u78e8\u51fa\u624b\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u6ca1\u80fd\u5e72\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u4ee4\u4ed6\u9057\u61be\u7ec8\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7f57\u68ee\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4e8e2019\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\uff08\u6b81\u5e7496\u5c81\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u8f9e\u4e16\u8005<\/p>\n

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\u9c8d\u5c14\uff081900-1980\uff09<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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2\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u4e3b\u8981\u770b\u5b88\u4eec\u7684\u4e0b\u573a\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u53e4\u65af\u5854\u592b\u00b7\u74e6\u683c\u7eb3\uff1a\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u5173\u95ed\u540e\u88ab\u8c03\u5f80\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u7279\u522b\u884c\u52a8\u90e8\u95e8 \u201cEinsatz R\u201d\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u53c2\u4e0e \u201c\u6700\u7ec8\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u201d\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u85cf\u8eab\u4e8e\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\uff0c\u88ab\u7f8e\u519b\u4fd8\u864f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u9003\u8131\uff0c\u5316\u540d\u5728\u5965\u5730\u5229\u683c\u62c9\u8328\u5f53\u5efa\u7b51\u5de5\u4eba\u3002\u540e\u6765\u5148\u662f\u9003\u5230\u4e86\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u53c8\u9003\u5230\u4e86\u5df4\u897f\u30021950 \u5e74 4 \u6708 12 \u65e5\u5728\u5df4\u897f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u7559\u6743\uff0c\u4ee5 \u201c\u541b\u7279\u30fb\u95e8\u5fb7\u5c14\u201d \u4e3a\u5316\u540d\u5e73\u9759\u5730\u751f\u6d3b\u7740\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u623f\u5c4b\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

1978 \u5e74 5 \u6708 30 \u65e5\u5728\u88ab\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u730e\u4eba\u201d\u3001\u6bdb\u7279\u8c6a\u68ee\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u3001\u5965\u5730\u5229\u88d4\u72b9\u592a\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u897f\u8499\u00b7\u7ef4\u68ee\u5854\u5c14\uff08Simon Wiesenthal\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5230\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u902e\u6355\u3002\u5728\u5df4\u897f\u5723\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8b66\u5bdf\u5c40\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u5c0f\u9996\u9970\u5320\u3001\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u706d\u7edd\u8425 47 \u540d\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u65af\u5766\u5c3c\u65af\u74e6\u592b\u30fb\u4ec0\u8fc8\u5179\u7eb3\u8ba4\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u8131\u72f1\u671f\u95f4\u74e6\u683c\u7eb3\u4e0d\u5728\u8425\u5730\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u3001\u5965\u5730\u5229\uff08\u4ed6\u66fe\u662f\u5965\u5730\u5229\u516c\u6c11\uff09\u548c\u6ce2\u5170\uff08\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6ce2\u5170\u5883\u5185\uff09\u90fd\u5411\u5df4\u897f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5f15\u6e21\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u88ab\u5df4\u897f\u603b\u68c0\u5bdf\u957f\u9a73\u56de\u3002\u897f\u5fb7\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5f15\u6e21\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46 1979 \u5e74 6 \u6708 22 \u65e5\u88ab\u5df4\u897f\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u9a73\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n

1979 \u5e74 6 \u6708 18 \u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u82f1\u56fd\u5e7f\u64ad\u516c\u53f8\uff08BBC\uff09\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\uff0c\u74e6\u683c\u7eb3\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\u6beb\u65e0\u6094\u610f\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5bf9\u6b64\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u611f\u89c9\u2026\u2026 \u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e0b\u73ed\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e0d\u8c08\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u559d\u9152\u6253\u724c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

1979 \u5e74\u79cb\u5929\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u88ab\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5230\u4e00\u5e74\u96f6\u4e94\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u74e6\u683c\u7eb3\u8bd5\u56fe\u81ea\u6740\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6025\u6551\u540e\u4ed6\u6d3b\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u4eba\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u542c\u5230\u58f0\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1980\u5e7410\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u74e6\u683c\u7eb3\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u6b7b\u5728\u963f\u8482\u5df4\u4e9a\uff0c\u80f8\u53e3\u63d2\u7740\u4e00\u628a\u5200\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5f8b\u5e08\u79f0\u4ed6\u662f\u81ea\u6740\u8eab\u4ea1\uff0c\u5df4\u897f\u8c03\u67e5\u5f53\u5c40\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u6863\u6848\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u662f\u7528\u5200\u81ea\u6740\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u8bf4\u74e6\u683c\u7eb3\u5df2\u7cbe\u795e\u9519\u4e71\uff0c\u6b7b\u524d\u624b\u6301\u5200\u5177\u60f3\u8981\u5bf9\u6297 \u201c\u903c\u8fd1\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ea6\u6709\u63a8\u65ad\u662f\u4ec0\u8fc8\u5179\u7eb3\u6697\u6740\u4e86\u4ed6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u5f17\u4f26\u7b56\u5c14: \u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u5728\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u9644\u8fd1\u88ab\u7f8e\u519b\u902e\u6355\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u4e86\u3002\u540e\u5728\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u821e\u53f0\u706f\u5149\u6280\u5e08\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u30021962 \u5e74 3 \u6708 22 \u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u95f4\u9699\uff0c\u4ed6\u518d\u6b21\u88ab\u8ba4\u51fa\u5e76\u906d\u5230\u902e\u6355\u30021965 \u5e74 9 \u6708 6 \u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u524d\u515a\u536b\u519b\u519b\u5b98\u4e00\u8d77\u5728\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u5ba1\u5224\u4e2d\u53d7\u5ba1\u30021966 \u5e74 12 \u6708 20 \u65e5\uff0c\u5f17\u4f26\u7b56\u5c14\u56e0\u4eb2\u81ea\u6740\u5bb3\u516d\u540d\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u53f7\u8425\u5730\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u53c2\u4e0e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5c60\u6740\u53e6\u5916 15 \u4e07\u540d\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u800c\u88ab\u5224\u5904\u65e0\u671f\u5f92\u5211\u30021982 \u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6280\u672f\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4ed6\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u6b21\u53d7\u5ba1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e 1985 \u5e74 10 \u6708 4 \u65e5\u518d\u6b21\u88ab\u5224\u5904\u65e0\u671f\u5f92\u5211\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5e74\u4e8b\u5df2\u9ad8\u4e14\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u8be5\u5211\u7f5a\u672a\u4e88\u6267\u884c\uff0c1996\u5e74\u5728\u6c49\u8bfa\u5a01\u8f9e\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u96c4\u65e0\u6094-\u5173\u4e8e\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u672a\u5c3d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b<\/p>\n

\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e00\u5171\u6709\u5927\u7ea659\u4e2a\u72af\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5411\u4e1c\u8d70\u53bb\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u9003\u8131\u8ffd\u6355\uff0c\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u72af\u4eba\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5206\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u544a\u77e5\u6ce2\u5170\u7c4d\u72b9\u592a\u56da\u72af\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u548c\u51e0\u540d\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u7ea2\u519b\u6218\u58eb\u8fdb\u5165\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6751\u5e84\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u5e26\u7740\u98df\u7269\u56de\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

\u636e\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u6536\u7f34\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u94b1\uff08\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u540e\u6765\u8bf4\u6536\u94b1\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662f\u7f16\u9020\uff09\u548c\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u652f\u6b65\u67aa\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u4f46\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u56de\u6765\uff08\u5c0f\u91d1\u5320\u65af\u5766\u5c3c\u65af\u74e6\u592b\u30fb\u4ec0\u8fc8\u5179\u7eb3\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u8fd9\u6bb5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540e\u6765\u57281980 \u5e74\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u629b\u5f03\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6211\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u8eab\u5904\u81ea\u5df1\u6545\u571f\u7684\u6ce2\u5170\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u519b\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5c0f\u80a1\u961f\u4f0d\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u51e0\u7387\u66f4\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f4\u63a5\u544a\u8bc9\u5927\u5bb6\u2018\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5206\u5f00\u2019\u662f\u884c\u4e0d\u901a\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u7d27\u8ddf\u6211\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0b\u53bb\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u4f1a\u6b7b\u3002\u2026\u2026 \u6211\u8fd8\u80fd\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u3002\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4e5f\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u542c\u8bf4\u6536\u94b1\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u4e00\u7247\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u638c\u63a7\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u6211\u627f\u8ba4\u6b66\u5668\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u5747\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5b81\u6b7b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u613f\u4ea4\u51fa\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u548c\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u540d\u9003\u72af\u5728\u68ee\u6797\u91cc\u5f98\u5f8a\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u96c5\u79d1\u592b\u30fb\u6bd4\u65af\u79d1\u7ef4\u8328\uff08Yakov Biskowitz\uff09\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u540d\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u7684\u9003\u72af\u3002\u6bd4\u65af\u79d1\u7ef4\u8328\u540e\u6765\u5728\u5bf9\u827e\u5e0c\u66fc\u5ba1\u5224\u4e2d\u5c31\u5f53\u65f6\u78b0\u9762\u4f5c\u8bc1\u65f6\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u4e24\u4eba\u5728\u68ee\u6797\u91cc\u6e38\u8361\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u8428\u6c99\u30fb\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7a7f\u7740\u624b\u5de5\u7f16\u7ec7\u6750\u6599\u5236\u6210\u7684\u767d\u8272\u8863\u670d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6709\u4e94\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e86 \u2014\u2014 \u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u5230\u4e86\u65af\u514b\u7f57\u5fb7\u5c3c\u91c7\u68ee\u6797\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u72b9\u592a\u6e38\u51fb\u961f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7834\u574f\u94c1\u8def\u7ebf\u3001\u526a\u65ad\u7535\u8bdd\u7ebf\uff0c\u5bf9\u5fb7\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u8fdb\u884c\u6253\u4e86\u5c31\u8dd1\u7684\u5077\u88ad\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u65f6\u8ddf\u7740\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u4e24\u540d\u82cf\u8054\u72b9\u592a\u88d4\u58eb\u5175\u662f\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u30fb\u8212\u5df4\u8036\u592b\uff08\u4ed6\u6740\u6b7b\u706d\u7edd\u8425\u4ee3\u7406\u957f\u5b98\u5c3c\u66fc\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5728\u4e0e\u5fb7\u519b\u4f5c\u6218\u65f6\u727a\u7272\uff09\u548c\u963f\u5c14\u5361\u5b63\u30fb\u83ab\u4f0a\u8c22\u8036\u7ef4\u5947\u30fb\u97e6\u65af\u5e15\u76ae\u5c14\uff08\u4ed6\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u6740\u6b7b\u6307\u6325\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u536b\u5175\u7684\u9f50\u683c\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u30fb\u683c\u96f7\u5947\u4e4c\u65af\u548c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u7c4d\u5fb7\u88d4\u4eba\u4f0a\u4e07\u30fb\u514b\u62c9\u7279\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u5e78\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c1943 \u5e74 10 \u6708 19 \u65e5\u81f3 20 \u65e5\u665a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u51e0\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u6e21\u8fc7\u4e86\u5e03\u683c\u6cb3\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u5e03\u5217\u65af\u7279-\u7acb\u9676\u592b\u65af\u514b\u8fdb\u5165\u82cf\u8054\u300210 \u6708 22 \u65e5\u52a0\u5165\u6e38\u51fb\u961f\u3002\u968f\u540e\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7206\u7834\u4e13\u5bb6\u968f\u6e38\u51fb\u961f\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7ea2\u519b\u5c06\u5fb7\u519b\u8d76\u51fa\u767d\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e0e\u7ea2\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u6c47\u5408\u540e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u65af\u5927\u6797\u7b2c270\u53f7\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u524d\u6218\u4fd8\u7684\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u5148\u88ab\u9001\u5f80\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6ce2\u591a\u5229\u65af\u514b\u7684\u5185\u52a1\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u90e8\u7b2c 174 \u53f7\u7504\u522b\u8425\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba1\u67e5\uff08\u6709\u65e0\u602f\u6218\u6295\u964d\u3001\u901a\u654c\u3001\u53db\u56fd\u884c\u4e3a\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u88ab\u7f16\u5165\u4e5d\u6b7b\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u60e9\u6212\u90e8\u961f-\u7b2c 15 \u72ec\u7acb\u7a81\u51fb\u6b65\u5175\u8425\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u8425\u957f\u5b89\u5fb7\u70c8\u8036\u592b\u5c11\u6821\u542c\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u540e\u5927\u4e3a\u9707\u60ca\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u987e\u7981\u6b62\u79bb\u5f00\u8425\u5730\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u524d\u5f80\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u201c\u8c03\u67e5\u5fb7\u56fd\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u5360\u9886\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u5e2e\u51f6\u7f6a\u884c\u7684\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d \u53bb\u4f5c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u8bb2\u8ff0\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u8d77\u4e49\u300b\uff08\u0412\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0421\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435\uff09\u7684\u77ed\u6587\u3002\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u77ed\u6587\u88ab\u6536\u5f55\u8fdb\u4e86\u7531\u74e6\u897f\u91cc\u30fb\u683c\u7f57\u65af\u66fc\u548c\u4f0a\u5229\u4e9a\u30fb\u7231\u4f26\u5821\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u5168\u9762\u6c47\u7f16\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6587\u96c6\u300a\u9ed1\u76ae\u4e66\u300b\u4e2d \uff08\u0427\u0451\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0433\u0430\uff09\u30021947 \u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u96c6\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u88ab\u5ba1\u67e5\u673a\u6784\u7981\u6b62\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u76f4\u81f32015\u5e74\u624d\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u56de\u5230\u524d\u7ebf\u5f52\u961f\u540e\uff0c\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7b2c 15 \u7a81\u51fb\u8425\u7f16\u5165\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\u7b2c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u519b\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c1944 \u5e74 8 \u6708 20 \u65e5\u5728\u8fdb\u653b\u9c8d\u65af\u514b\u5e02\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u5730\u96f7\u788e\u7247\u70b8\u4f24\u4e86\u5927\u817f\uff0c\u5728\u533b\u9662\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u540e\u6210\u4e86\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1944-45\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa<\/p>\n

\u5728\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u90ca\u533a\u7684\u533b\u9662\u91cc\uff0c\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u7ed3\u8bc6\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7167\u987e\u4ed6\u7684\u62a4\u58eb\u5965\u5c14\u52a0\u30fb\u4f0a\u4e07\u8bfa\u592b\u5a1c\u30fb\u79d1\u6258\u5a03\uff08\u4ed6\u5728\u6218\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u59bb\u5b50\u79bb\u5a5a\uff09 \u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u59bb\u5b50\u5965\u5c14\u52a0<\/p>\n

\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u59bb\u5b50\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u6218\u524d\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u57ce\u5e02-\u987f\u6cb3\u7554\u7f57\u65af\u6258\u592b\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6240\u97f3\u4e50\u559c\u5267\u5267\u9662\u62c5\u4efb\u884c\u653f\u4eba\u5458\u3002\u8fd8\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u3002\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u5ead\u672c\u60f3\u4f20\u5524\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bc1\u4eba\uff08\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u706d\u7edd\u8425\u5bf9\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5c60\u6740\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4ed6\u524d\u5f80\u5fb7\u56fd\u51fa\u5ead\u3002<\/p>\n

1952 \u5e74 6 \u6708\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u88ab\u5f00\u9664\u51fa\u82cf\u5171\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u68c0\u65b9\u5bf9\u4ed6\u63d0\u8d77\u4e86\u5211\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u6307\u63a7\u4ed6 \u201c\u4e3a\u8c0b\u53d6\u79c1\u5229\u6ee5\u7528\u804c\u6743\u201d\u3002\u4fb5\u541e\u4e86\u5267\u9662\u552e\u51fa\u7684\u95e8\u7968\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u94b1\u6b3e\u3002\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u672c\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\u4e0e 20 \u4e16\u7eaa 50 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u53cd\u72b9\u8fd0\u52a8\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n

1953 \u5e74 1 \u6708\uff0c\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u88ab\u5224\u5904\u4e00\u5e74\u52b3\u52a8\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u5de5\u8d44\u4e2d\u6263\u9664 25%\u3002\u968f\u5373\u88ab\u5267\u9662\u89e3\u96c7\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4e1a\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u7684\u9762\u5305\u623f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u53c8\u53bb\u4e00\u5bb6\u673a\u68b0\u5236\u9020\u5382\u5f53\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5de5\u4f5c\u5230\u9000\u4f11\u3002<\/p>\n

1963\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u8bc1\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u5bf9\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u5341\u540d\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u5b88\u536b\u7684\u8d77\u8bc9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e5d\u4eba\u88ab\u5224\u5904\u6b7b\u5211\uff0c\u4e00\u4eba\u88ab\u5224\u590415\u5e74\u76d1\u7981\u3002<\/p>\n

\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u4ed6\u4e0e\u8d77\u4e49\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3001\u8bb0\u8005\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e5f\u66fe\u591a\u6b21\u6536\u5230\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u7b49\u56fd\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u57281987\u5e74\u6700\u7ec8\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u51fa\u56fd\u7b7e\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u5065\u5eb7\u539f\u56e0\u672a\u80fd\u6210\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1963\u5e74\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\uff08\u5de6\u4e09\uff09\u4e0e\u5f53\u5e74\u90e8\u5206\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u91cd\u9022<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1970\u5e74\u7684\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa<\/p>\n

\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u4e8e 1990 \u5e74 1 \u6708 19 \u65e5\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u846c\u4e8e\u987f\u6cb3\u7554\u7f57\u65af\u6258\u592b\u7684\u5317\u90e8\u516c\u5893\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u751f\u524d\u4ece\u672a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u7d22\u6bd4\u5821\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u58ee\u4e3e\u5f97\u5230\u8fc7\u8868\u5f70\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5b8c\u5168\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4ed6\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5bb6\u4e61\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d77\u4e49\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f4\u52302010\u5e74\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u6545\u5c45\u5b89\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u5757\u7eaa\u5ff5\u724c\u533e\uff0c2012\u5e74\u6210\u7acb \u201c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u201d \u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u751f\u524d\u6545\u5c45<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u90a3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5f3a\uff1a2012\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5893\u7891\u4e0a\u6362\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e00\u5f20\u4ed6\u7684\u8096\u50cf\uff1b2014\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u987f\u6cb3\u7554\u7f57\u65af\u6258\u592b\u7684\u661f\u5149\u5927\u9053\u4e0a\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6811\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u9897\u661f\u661f\uff0c\u4ee5\u7eaa\u5ff5\u8fd9\u4f4d\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u5e02\u6c11\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u88ab\u7f16\u5165\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5386\u53f2\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u3002\u5e74\u5e95\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u90ae\u653f\u53d1\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u679a\u4e0e\u8d77\u4e49\u4e3b\u9898\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u90ae\u7968\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

2016\u5e74\uff0c\u666e\u4eac\u603b\u7edf\u5411\u5176\u540e\u4eba\u8ffd\u6388 \u201c\u52c7\u6c14\u52cb\u7ae0\u201d\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u82f1\u52c7\u4e8b\u8ff9<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

2016\u5e743\u670810\u65e5\u666e\u4eac\u5728\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u5bab\u5411\u4f69\u5207\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u5b59\u5973\u8ffd\u6388\u52c7\u6c14\u52cb\u7ae0<\/p>\n

\u52c7\u6562\u52cb\u7ae0\u4e8e1994\u5e74\u8bbe\u7acb\uff0c\u6388\u4e88\u5728\u7ef4\u62a4\u516c\u5171\u79e9\u5e8f\u3001\u6253\u51fb\u72af\u7f6a\u3001\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u3001\u706b\u707e\u3001\u4e8b\u6545\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7d27\u6025\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u6551\u52a9\u6c11\u4f17\u65f6\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u5949\u732e\u7cbe\u795e\u3001\u52c7\u6c14\u548c\u80c6\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u6267\u884c\u6d89\u53ca\u751f\u547d\u5371\u9669\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u6216\u6c11\u4e8b\u4efb\u52a1\u671f\u95f4\u505a\u51fa\u5927\u80c6\u4e14\u679c\u65ad\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8054\u90a6\u516c\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6765\u6e90: \u71c3\u70e7\u7684\u5c9b\u7fa4 5\u3001\u884c\u52a8\u5f00\u59cb 10\u670814\u65e5\u3002\u5929\u6c14\u6674\u6717\u3002\u5982\u540c\u5f80\u5e38\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u5929\u662f\u4ece\u65e9\u70b9\u540d\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u5f25\u6f2b\u7740 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[12],"tags":[1417,4409],"views":8,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72776"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=72776"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72776\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":72783,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72776\/revisions\/72783"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=72776"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=72776"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=72776"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}