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Act of 1924 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src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/178415085072379BnPW.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-07-15T21:27:29Z\/86400\/host\/ed36c48d141fafd245198ccc3c425294d7d3bf579efd42d8e765275632c50360\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u5c0f\u6cfd\u5b5d\u96c4\u5176\u4eba\u4e0e\u201c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u6848\u201d\u59cb\u672b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1875\u5e746\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u5b5d\u96c4\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u795e\u5948\u5ddd\u53bf\u8db3\u67c4\u4e0a\u90e1\u6a31\u4e95\u6751\u51fa\u751f\u300219\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u8fdc\u79bb\u6545\u571f\uff0c\u8e0f\u4e0a\u524d\u5f80\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u7684\u822a\u8239\u3002\u5728\u8f97\u8f6c\u8fdb\u5165\u591a\u6240\u52a0\u5dde\u5f53\u5730\u4e2d\u5b66\u6c42\u5b66\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u5982\u613f\u4e8e1903\u5e74\u8003\u53d6\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\uff08University of California\uff09\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u523b\u82e6\u653b\u8bfb\u4e4b\u8def\u30021906\u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u751f\u8ba1\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u88ab\u8feb\u4ece\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u8084\u4e1a\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u5bfb\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u4ed6\u88ab\u6a80\u9999\u5c71\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u5927\u578b\u7eba\u7ec7\u54c1\u6279\u53d1\u5546\u63d0\u5965\u00b7\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u516c\u53f8\uff08Theo H. Davies Company\uff09\u8058\u4e3a\u63a8\u9500\u5458\uff0c\u56e0\u4e1a\u7ee9\u51fa\u8272\u3001\u4e3a\u4eba\u6b63\u6d3e\uff0c\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u96c7\u4e3b\u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u597d\u8bc4\uff0c\u4e5f\u6536\u83b7\u4e86\u540c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u7c4d\u65e5\u88d4\u7684\u7af9\u8c37\u96c5\u5b50\uff08Masako Takeya\uff09\u7684\u82b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u540e\u6765\u7ed3\u4e3a\u592b\u59bb\u3002\u540c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7af9\u8c37\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u9752\u5e74\u65f6\u671f\u8d77\u4fbf\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u7eaf\u6b63\u7684\u7f8e\u5f0f\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u80fd\u8bb2\u4e00\u53e3\u6d41\u5229\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ea6\u5341\u5206\u63a5\u7eb3\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u50cf\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65e5\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u5e0c\u671b\u6253\u7834\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u65b0\u6545\u4e61\u201d\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u5408\u4f17\u56fd\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u516c\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c0f\u6cfd\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5e0c\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u67d0\u9879\u5b9e\u9645\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u786e\u5b9e\u65e9\u65e9\u5730\u4fa8\u5c45\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4eb2\u548c\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u8c08\u8bba\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ece\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u4ece\u5185\u5fc3\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u6211\u4ece\u6ca1\u6709\u5411\u6a80\u9999\u5c71\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u62a5\u544a\u6211\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u5a5a\u59fb\u72b6\u51b5\u6216\u6211\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u59d3\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u6240\u6709\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u2014\u2014\u6211\u5219\u5c06\u6211\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u62a5\u544a\u7ed9\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u4e8c\u3001\u6211\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u65e5\u672c\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u65e5\u672c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e09\u3001\u6211\u628a\u6211\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u9001\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u548c\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u3002\u56db\u3001\u6211\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7f8e\u5f0f\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\u65e5\u8bed\u3002\u4e94\u3001\u6211\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fde\u7eed\u5c45\u4f4f\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u516d\u3001\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5973\u5b50\u6210\u4e3a\u59bb\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5973\u5b50\u4e3a\u59bb\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u63a5\u8fd1\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u5728\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5c3d\u529b\u5bf9\u6807\u201c\u597d\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8bc9\u6c42\uff08\u5c0f\u6cfd\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u9ec4\u91d1\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\uff0cGolden Rule\uff09\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6bd4\u8bb8\u591a\u539f\u751f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e00\u540d\u7f8e\u56fd\u201c\u597d\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u559d\u4efb\u4f55\u9152\uff0c\u4e0d\u62bd\u4efb\u4f55\u70df\uff1b\u4e0d\u6253\u724c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8d4c\u535a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u6b63\u6d3e\u7684\u4eba\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u6211\u7684\u8bda\u5b9e\u548c\u52e4\u594b\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u670b\u53cb\u4e2d\u95f4\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u5c3d\u6211\u6700\u5927\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u2018\u9ec4\u91d1\u6cd5\u5219\u2019\u6765\u884c\u4e8b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u62e5\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u5373\u5c31\u4e2a\u4eba\u54c1\u6027\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u8f93\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\uff0c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u66f4\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u6548\u5fe0\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u5c06\u7f8e\u56fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6bcd\u56fd\u3002\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u591f\u4fe1\u624b\u62c8\u6765\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u638c\u6545\uff0c\u6765\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8ba4\u540c\u80cc\u4e66\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u2026\u2026\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5185\u5fc3\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53db\u56fd\u8005\uff08traitor\uff09\uff1b\u800c\u6211\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u5185\u5fc3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u2026\u2026\u6211\u771f\u8bda\u5730\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u544a\u522b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u529b\u6240\u80fd\u53ca\u5730\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d21\u732e\u4e9b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4f4d\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u4e60\u60ef\u8fd8\u662f\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u6548\u5fe0\u8fd8\u662f\u793e\u4ea4\u5708\u5b50\u90fd\u5b8c\u5168\u7f8e\u56fd\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u65e5\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u5165\u7c4d\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u906d\u53d7\u6ce2\u6298\u3002\u4e3a\u7533\u8bf7\u5165\u7c4d\uff0c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u65e9\u5728\u9ad8\u4e2d\u65f6\u4ee3\u4fbf\u5411\u6240\u5728\u7684\u52a0\u5dde\u963f\u62c9\u7c73\u8fbe\u53bf\uff08Alameda County\uff09\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u5165\u7c4d\u610f\u5411\u4e66\uff08Petition of Intent\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5b9a\u5c45\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u540e\u4e8e1914\u5e7410\u670816\u65e5\u6b63\u5f0f\u5411\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u53bf\u7ea7\u6cd5\u9662\u9012\u4ea4\u4e86\u5165\u7c4d\u7533\u8bf7\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u51fa\u4e4e\u5c0f\u6cfd\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u4eba\u610f\u6599\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8be6\u5907\u4e14\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5165\u7c4d\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u53bf\u521d\u5ba1\u6cd5\u9662\uff08Lower Court\uff09\u7684\u65ad\u7136\u56de\u7edd\u3002\u4e0d\u670d\u4ece\u4e8e\u521d\u5ba1\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u88c1\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u5b5d\u96c4\u4e8e1916\u5e74\u521d\u5c06\u201c\u5165\u7c4d\u6848\u201d\u4e0a\u8bc9\u81f3\u5f53\u65f6\u5730\u4f4d\u5c1a\u4e3a\u201c\u51c6\u5dde\u201d\uff08Territory\uff09\u7684\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u9662\uff08District Court for Hawaii\uff09\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u9662\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c\u5374\u4f9d\u65e7\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5c0f\u6cfd\u4e00\u5bb6\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u3002\u57283\u670825\u65e5\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e3b\u5ba1\u6cd5\u5b98\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u65af\uff08Charles F. Clemons\uff09\u505a\u51fa\u5982\u4e0b\u9648\u8ff0\uff1a\u201c\u672c\u6cd5\u5ead\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u300a\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u4fee\u8ba2\u672c\u300b\uff08Revised Statues of the United States\uff09 \u7b2c2169\u6761\u7684\u6709\u5173\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0a\u8bc9\u4eba\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u5165\u7c4d\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u5ead\u5fc5\u987b\u9a73\u56de\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0a\u8bc9\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5904\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u65af\u6cd5\u5b98\u6240\u63f4\u5f15\u7684\u201c\u300a\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u4fee\u8ba2\u672c\u300b\u7b2c2169\u6761\u201d\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5357\u5317\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6210\u679c\u30011870\u5e74\u300a\u5f52\u5316\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6027\u6761\u6587\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u88ab20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u4e3b\u4e49\u6392\u5916\u5206\u5b50\u7247\u9762\u89e3\u8bfb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6761\u6b3e\uff1a\u201c\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u6743\uff09\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u2018\u81ea\u7531\u767d\u4eba\u2019\u7684\u5916\u6765\u8005\uff0c\u6216\u975e\u6d32\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u53ca\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u540e\u88d4\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u6b3e\u5177\u6709\u53cc\u9762\u6027\uff1a\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5b83\u66fe\u56e0\u5728\u767d\u4eba\u4e4b\u5916\u3001\u989d\u5916\u5f00\u653e\u4e86\u975e\u6d32\u88d4\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u5165\u7c4d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u201c\u5e9f\u9664\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u201d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u679c\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u672c\u571f\u4e3b\u4e49\u9ad8\u5531\u7684\u6392\u5916\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u5374\u88ab\u66f2\u89e3\u4e3a\u62d2\u7edd\u4e9a\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u5165\u7c4d\u7684\u201c\u4e07\u80fd\u6cd5\u5b9d\u201d\u3002\u5728\u4e9a\u88d4\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9e\u201c\u8fdb\u6b65\u5730\u201d\u5c06\u5165\u7c4d\u8d44\u683c\u653e\u5bbd\u5230\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u767d\u4eba\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u91cd\u7528\u610f\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u5728\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\u9664\u201c\u9ed1\u4eba\u201d\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u79cd\u83b7\u5f97\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u201c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u6848\u201d\u7684\u5dde\u6cd5\u9662\u4e3b\u5ba1\u5b98\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u65af\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u8def\u7ebf\u7684\u62e5\u8db8\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u5224\u8bcd\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5766\u9648\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u201c\u79cd\u65cf\u201d\u7f18\u7531\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u6311\u4e0d\u51fa\u5c0f\u6cfd\u5b5d\u96c4\u5165\u7c4d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7eb0\u6f0f\u3002\u201c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u672c\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u4f5c\u51fa\u6b64\u88c1\u5b9a\u65f6\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u4e0a\u8bc9\u8005\u5df2\u5145\u5206\u9648\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0a\u8bc9\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u9664\u4e86\u7b2c2169\u6761\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u5b9a\u5916\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u73b0\u884c\u300a\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Statues\uff09\uff0c\u4e0a\u8bc9\u8005\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u660e\u663e\uff08eminently\uff09\u5177\u6709\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u672c\u6cd5\u9662\u8fd8\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u9a73\u56de\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0a\u8bc9\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u6b64\u6beb\u4e0d\u63a9\u9970\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u632b\u4f24\u4e86\u5c0f\u6cfd\u5b5d\u96c4\u7684\u81ea\u5c0a\u5fc3\u3002\u5728\u4eb2\u53cb\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u4e8e1916\u5e749\u670825\u65e5\u518d\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c\u5c06\u6848\u4ef6\u63d0\u4ea4\u81f3\u4f4d\u4e8e\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u7684\u7b2c\u4e5d\u5de1\u56de\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u5ead\u3002\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u5ead\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5c0f\u6cfd\u7684\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0d\u91c7\u53d6\u76f4\u63a5\u53d7\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u6848\u4ef6\u4e0a\u5448\u81f3\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u30021917\u5e745\u670831\u65e5\uff0c\u8be5\u6848\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u9001\u5165\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u3001\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u4f1a\u8bae\u3001\u534e\u76db\u987f\u6d77\u519b\u4f1a\u8bae\u7b49\u91cd\u5927\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5927\u5927\u5206\u6563\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u6b64\u6848\u7684\u5ba1\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u88ab\u4e0d\u65ad\u62c9\u957f\u3002\u672c\u6765\u8be5\u6848\u8ba1\u5212\u4e8e1917\u5e74\u590f\u5929\u5f00\u5ead\u5ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u65ad\u65ad\u7eed\u7eed\u5730\u5ef6\u5b95\u52301921\u5e74\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u53f8\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u8981\u6c42\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u6848\u53c8\u88ab\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u63a8\u5ef6\uff0c\u8fdf\u81f35\u5e74\u540e\u76841922\u5e7410\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u624d\u6700\u7ec8\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba1\u7406\u201c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u6848\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ecf\u8fc7\u56db\u5341\u4f59\u5929\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u5ba1\u7406\uff0c1922\u5e7411\u670813\u65e5\uff0c\u4e3b\u5ba1\u6b64\u6848\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u8428\u745f\u5170\uff08George Sutherland\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5854\u592b\u8131\uff08William Taft\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed66\u540d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u540c\u4e8b\u5ba3\u8bfb\u4e86\u5224\u51b3\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e00\u81f4\u88c1\u5b9a\u9a73\u56de\u5c0f\u6cfd\u7684\u4e0a\u8bc9\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u539f\u5ba1\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u6700\u521d\u5224\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5224\u51b3\u7406\u7531\u4e2d\uff0c\u8428\u745f\u5170\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6cd5\u5ead\u627f\u8ba4\u201c\u5177\u5907\u826f\u597d\u7684\u54c1\u683c\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u8981\u6c42\u4e0a\u4e5f\u7b26\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e24\u6b65\u8d70\u201d\u7684\u6cd5\u7406\u7406\u8def\u8db3\u4ee5\u9a73\u5012\u5c0f\u6cfd\u7684\u5165\u7c4d\u7533\u8bf7\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u300a\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u4fee\u8ba2\u672c\u300b\u7b2c2169\u6761\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u6548\u529b\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u57fa\u4e8e1870\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u5f52\u5316\u6cd5\u300b\u6c47\u7f16\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0e1906\u5e74\u7684\u65b0\u7248\u300a\u5f52\u5316\u6cd5\u300b\u76f8\u8f85\u76f8\u6210\u3001\u5171\u540c\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5165\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u7b2c2169\u6761\u7684\u201c\u5165\u7c4d\u79cd\u65cf\u9650\u5236\u201d\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c0f\u6cfd\u662f\u5426\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u767d\u4eba\u201d\u6216\u201c\u975e\u6d32\u88d4\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u4fbf\u6210\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u5c0f\u6cfd\u975e\u9ed1\u4eba\u81ea\u4e0d\u5f85\u8a00\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0f\u6cfd\u662f\u5426\u5c5e\u4e8e\u767d\u4eba\u5374\u4f9d\u65e7\u53ef\u4f9b\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4eec\u4e00\u81f4\u652f\u6301\u88ab\u544a\u65b9\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u201d\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u4eba\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u526f\u603b\u68c0\u5bdf\u957f\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u8d1d\u514b\uff08James Beck\uff09\u53ca\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u957f\u7279\u522b\u52a9\u7406\u963f\u5c14\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u7ef4\u7279\uff08Alfred Wheat\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u975e\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u4eba\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u2018\u767d\u4eba\u2019\u5f52\u5316\u5165\u7c4d\u201d\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u9662\u548c\u5dde\u6cd5\u9662\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u95f4\u65ad\u5730\u88c1\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u767d\u4eba\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6307\u4ee3\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u4eba\u79cd\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u65cf\u88d4\u5747\u4e0d\u5728\u6cd5\u6761\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u767d\u4eba\u201d\u8303\u7574\u4e4b\u5185\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u65ad\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6b64\u524d\u4f17\u591a\u53f8\u6cd5\u5224\u4f8b\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6709\u529b\u652f\u6491\u201d\u3002\u7efc\u5408\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u5165\u7c4d\u79cd\u65cf\u9650\u5236\u5408\u6cd5\u201d\u53ca\u201c\u767d\u4eba\u4ec5\u4ec5\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u2018\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u4eba\u2019\u201d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u5c0f\u6cfd\u8d25\u8bc9\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u9a73\u56de\u4e86\u5c0f\u6cfd\u7684\u4e0a\u8bc9\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u65ad\u9001\u4e86\u5c0f\u6cfd\u7684\u5165\u7c4d\u68a6\u60f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u8fd9\u573a\u66f2\u6298\u7ef5\u957f\u7684\u5165\u7c4d\u7533\u8bc9\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u753b\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u7740\u79cd\u65cf\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u53e5\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1784150907792xzHfoS.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-07-15T21:28:26Z\/86400\/host\/ea3652edf5500522d59e290183d7d930eb244db3e425210a83a5de24a82cd23b\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u201c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u6848\u201d\u8d25\u8bc9\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u56e0\u7d20<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u573a\u770b\u4f3c\u6848\u60c5\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u6297\u8fa9\u7406\u636e\u4e5f\u9887\u4e3a\u5145\u5206\u7684\u5165\u7c4d\u6848\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u88ab\u6cb8\u6cb8\u626c\u626c\u5730\u63d0\u5347\u81f3\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5c42\u7ea7\u3001\u53c8\u6700\u7ec8\u5f7b\u5e95\u8d25\u8bc9\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u7740\u201c\u6f84\u6e05\u6cd5\u5f8b\u201d\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8457\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u65b9\u7eb3\uff08Eric Foner\uff09\u6559\u6388\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u8d44\u683c\uff08citizenship\uff09\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u7d20\u6765\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u201c\u65cf\u88d4\u8840\u7f18\u201d\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u57281790\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u9996\u90e8\u300a\u5f52\u5316\u6cd5\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u4fbf\u5c06\u5f52\u5316\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u5f3a\u884c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u62e5\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u54c1\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u767d\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u624b\u6bb5\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u5e7f\u5927\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u5165\u7c4d\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u5728\u5357\u5317\u6218\u4e89\u80dc\u5229\u3001\u9ed1\u4eba\u6c11\u6743\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5f97\u5230\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u4f53\u8ba4\u540e\uff0c1870\u5e74\u65b0\u7248\u7684\u300a\u5f52\u5316\u6cd5\u300b\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5c06\u201c\u975e\u6d32\u88d4\u53ca\u975e\u6d32\u88d4\u540e\u88d4\u201d\u7684\u9ed1\u4eba\u7eb3\u5165\u53ef\u4ee5\u5165\u7c4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5907\u9009\u540d\u5355\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u8c13\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u81ea\u7531\u5f00\u660e\u7684\u6cd5\u6761\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u4ea4\u7684\u6392\u5916\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u5b83\u7acb\u6cd5\u521d\u8877\u7684\u53cd\u9762\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5e76\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u548c\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u88ab1882\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Chinese Exclusion Act of 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Kim Ark\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f9d\u9760\u5728\u7f8e\u7f6e\u4ea7\u5174\u4e1a\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u52a0\u5dde\u6cb3\u6ee8\u5e02\uff08Riverside City\uff09\u65e5\u88d4\u534f\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u91d1\u5b50\u771f\u6210\uff08Ulysses Kaneko 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Higham\uff09\u6559\u6388\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u672c\u571f\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u540c\u65f6\u5305\u542b\u7740\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\uff08\u53cd\u6b27\u6d32\u65e7\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u53cd\u6fc0\u8fdb\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u3001\u5b97\u6559\uff08\u53cd\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\uff09\u4e0e\u79cd\u65cf\uff08\u76ce\u683c\u9c81\u00b7\u6492\u514b\u900a\u672c\u4f4d\uff09\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5185\u6db5\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6240\u5904\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c\u4e09\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u5f3a\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u4e92\u6709\u6da8\u843d\u3002\u5728\u201c\u672c\u571f\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u8bcd\u6c47\u5c1a\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u3001\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u6f6e\u6700\u65e9\u52c3\u5174\u768418\u300119\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u4ea4\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5360\u636e\u7740\u6b64\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u533a\u5206\u201c\u4ed6\u6211\u201d\u3002\u5230\u4e8619\u4e16\u7eaa\u56db\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b27\u6d32\u7cae\u98df\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u88d4\u3001\u5fb7\u88d4\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u79fb\u6c11\u6765\u7f8e\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u201c\u53cd\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u56e0\u7d20\u6210\u4e86\u6b64\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u671f\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e9a\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u6d8c\u5165\u3001\u541e\u5e76\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\u8ba8\u8bba\u7b49\uff0c\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u4e3b\u4e49\u572819\u300120\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u4ea4\u8fbe\u5230\u9876\u5cf0\uff0c\u201c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u9042\u6210\u4e3a\u8be5\u601d\u6f6e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u6db5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u65e9\u7ecf\u53d7\u201c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49-\u672c\u571f\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08racist nativism\uff09\u6392\u5916\u98ce\u6f6e\u4fb5\u88ad\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u30021875\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u5dde\u4f17\u8bae\u5458\u8d3a\u62c9\u65af\u00b7\u4f69\u5947\uff08Horace F. Page\uff09\u547d\u540d\u76841875\u5e74\u300a\u4f69\u5947\u6cd5\u300b\uff08The Page Act of 1875\uff09\u83b7\u5f97\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u6c61\u8511\u534e\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u5165\u7f8e\u5177\u6709\u4ece\u4e8b\u5a3c\u5993\u4e1a\u7684\u9690\u5fe7\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u4e25\u9650\u534e\u4eba\u5973\u6027\u8d74\u7f8e\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5728\u7f8e\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u6027\u522b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u5931\u8861\u30021882\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u300a\u6392\u534e\u6cd5\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u5927\u4e9a\u88d4\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a0\u5165\u7f8e\u7c4d\uff0c\u4e14\u6682\u505c\u534e\u5de5\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6210\u4e3a\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u5b8c\u5168\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u6392\u5916\u6027\u7ae0\u8282\u30021885\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u4e3e\u4e16\u9707\u60ca\u7684\u201c\u77f3\u6cc9\u57ce\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u201d\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u4e00\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u4f59\u540d\u624b\u6301\u6e29\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u6b65\u67aa\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u77ff\u5de5\u5411\u201c\u5077\u8d70\u201d\u4ed6\u4eec\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u534e\u5de5\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u5c5e\u5f00\u67aa\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e8628\u540d\u534e\u4eba\u52b3\u5de5\u6b7b\u4ea1\u300115\u4eba\u53d7\u4f24\uff0c\u8d22\u4ea7\u635f\u593114.7\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c19\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u53d7\u79cd\u65cf\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u672c\u571f\u4e3b\u4e49\u98ce\u6f6e\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u65cf\u88d4\u8eab\u4efd\u8499\u53d7\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u707e\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u79fb\u6c11\u975e\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u6ce2\u53ca\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4eab\u53d7\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u79fb\u6c11\u589e\u957f\u7684\u201c\u7e41\u8363\u201d\u671f\u30021890\u5e74\u5728\u5168\u7f8e\u7684\u65e5\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u4ec52039\u4eba\uff0c1900\u5e74\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u66b4\u6da8\u81f324326\u4eba\uff0c1910\u5e74\u5df2\u8fbe72157\u4eba\u3002\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u534e\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u88ab\u62d2\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e9f\u9700\u65e5\u672c\u79fb\u6c11\u6765\u586b\u8865\u534e\u4eba\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u7f3a\u53e3\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u660e\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u52aa\u529b\u30021893\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u7206\u53d1\u6392\u4e9a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u6c61\u79f0\u767d\u4eba\u513f\u7ae5\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u79cd\u5b66\u7ae5\u540c\u6821\u5c06\u7ed9\u524d\u8005\u5e26\u6765\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u5dde\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u5e02\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08San Francisco Board of Education\uff09\u4e8e\u8be5\u5e746\u670814\u65e5\u901a\u8fc7\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u65e5\u88d4\u5b69\u7ae5\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u5c31\u8bfb\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u9a7b\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u603b\u9886\u4e8b\u73cd\u7530\u6368\u5df3\u636e\u7406\u529b\u4e89\uff0c\u9010\u6761\u9a73\u65a5\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u5e76\u4e89\u53d6\u5230\u4e86\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e2d\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u7f13\u6d3e\u6210\u5458\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u5e02\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e8e6\u670828\u65e5\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u6838\u4e86\u9694\u79bb\u52a8\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e88\u4ee5\u64a4\u9500\uff0c\u5c31\u6b64\u5e73\u606f\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6ce2\u7684\u6392\u65e5\u98ce\u6f6e\u30021906\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u53d1\u751f\u5927\u5730\u9707\u3002\u5929\u707e\u8fc7\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u88d4\u7fa4\u4f53\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u65cf\u88d4\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u6062\u590d\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u501f\u6b64\u673a\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u6b64\u524d\u7684\u767d\u4eba\u805a\u5c45\u533a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65e5\u88d4\u5b69\u7ae5\u8fdb\u5165\u767d\u4eba\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u6fc0\u5316\u4e86\u65cf\u88d4\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u89c1\u6b64\u60c5\u72b6\uff0c\u52a0\u5dde\u6392\u65e5\u5206\u5b50\u5377\u571f\u91cd\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u5730\u9707\u6467\u6bc1\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6821\u820d\u3001\u6545\u800c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7d27\u5f20\u201d\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u5f3a\u63a8\u6b64\u524d\u88ab\u4e00\u5ea6\u6401\u7f6e\u7684\u7f8e\u4e9a\u5b66\u7ae5\u9694\u79bb\u52a8\u8bae\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u65e5\u88d4\u5728\u5185\u7684\u201c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u79cd\u201d\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u767d\u4eba\u5b69\u7ae5\u4e00\u8d77\u5c31\u5b66\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u534e\u88d4\u3001\u671d\u9c9c\u88d4\u53ca\u65e5\u88d4\u5b69\u7ae5\u524d\u5f80\u7279\u8bbe\u7684\u201c\u4e1c\u65b9\u4eba\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u201d\uff08Oriental Public School\uff09\u5355\u72ec\u9694\u79bb\u6388\u8bfe\u3002\u6b64\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5373\u4e3a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u5b66\u6821\u9694\u79bb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\uff08San Francisco School Segregation\uff09\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u6b64\u756a\u6c79\u6d8c\u7684\u201c\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49-\u672c\u571f\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u518d\u6b21\u4e3b\u52a8\u51fa\u9762\u65a1\u65cb\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u957f\u8fbe\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u78cb\u5546\uff0c\u5171\u6362\u6587\u6570\u6b21\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u53d6\u6d88\u65e5\u88d4\u9694\u79bb\u7981\u4ee4\u3001\u7ee7\u7eed\u4fdd\u5168\u65e5\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u300a\u541b\u5b50\u534f\u5b9a\u300b\uff08Gentlemen&#8217;s Agreement\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u4e3b\u52a8\u201c\u81ea\u9650\u79fb\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6362\u53d6\u4e86\u6392\u5916\u4e3b\u4e49\u5de8\u6d6a\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7f8e\u65b9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ee7\u7eed\u5141\u8bb8\u65e5\u88d4\u79fb\u4f4f\u7684\u9ed8\u8bb8\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c1924\u5e74\u300a\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u300b\u9881\u5e03\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u65e5\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u548c\u6bcd\u56fd\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u62e5\u6709\u7740\u5728\u7f8e\u4e9a\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u76f8\u5bf9\u6700\u4e3a\u5bbd\u677e\u7684\u51c6\u5165\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u79cd\u65cf\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u4e3b\u4e49\u52bf\u529b\u66f4\u4e3a\u5f3a\u52b2\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e9a\u88d4\u906d\u53d7\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u5c31\u8fde\u4e1c\u5357\u6b27\u79fb\u6c11\u4e5f\u88ab\u8d34\u4e0a\u4e86\u201c\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u800c\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u6162\u5f85\u3002\u9ad8\u5c14\u987f\uff08Francis Galton\uff09\u7684\u4f18\u751f\u5b66\u3001\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7b49\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u79cd\u65cf\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u4e3b\u4e49\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u652f\u6491\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u79cd\u4e0d\u65ad\u6076\u5316\u7684\u672c\u571f\u4e3b\u4e49\u6392\u5916\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u5728\u7f8e\u65e5\u88d4\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u6297\u4e89\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u957f\u4e45\u5730\u4fdd\u969c\u65e5\u88d4\u7fa4\u4f53\u201c\u72ec\u5584\u5176\u8eab\u201d\uff1b\u66f4\u6709\u751a\u8005\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u7f8e\u65e5\u672c\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bb9\u7eb3\u4e86\u8fd1\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u5c45\u7f8e\u65e5\u4fa8\u7684\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\uff0c\u8bf8\u591a\u6392\u5916\u8fd0\u52a8\u98ce\u8d77\u4e91\u6d8c\u3002\u524d\u9762\u8ff0\u53ca\u7684\u201c\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u5b66\u6821\u9694\u79bb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u662f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6392\u65e5\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u5fae\u5c0f\u9884\u6f14\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u7684\u60c5\u52bf\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6fc0\u8fdb\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u300a\u541b\u5b50\u534f\u5b9a\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u5411\u65b0\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u9881\u53d1\u62a4\u7167\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5411\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u7f8e\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u5bb6\u5c5e\u9881\u53d1\u201c\u56e2\u5706\u62a4\u7167\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u201c\u7167\u7247\u65b0\u5a18\u201d\uff08Picture 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Land Law of 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Roosevelt\uff09\uff0c\u4ea6\u516c\u5f00\u627f\u8ba4\u4ee5\u65e5\u88d4\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5e95\u5c42\u52b3\u5de5\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u201c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5065\u5eb7\u4e14\u51fa\u4e8e\u672c\u613f\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u56e0\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6613\u4e8e\u60f9\u51fa\u9ebb\u70e6\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u201d\u3002\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u5484\u5484\u903c\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6269\u5f20\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u672c\u571f\u4e3b\u4e49\u6392\u5916\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u53e3\u53f7\u5219\u66f4\u4e3a\u76f4\u767d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u5e26\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u5317\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u53d1\u884c\u91cf\u6700\u5927\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u300a\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u7eaa\u4e8b\u62a5\u300b\uff08San Francisco Chronicle\uff09\u65ad\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u672c\u79fb\u6c11\u2026\u2026\u90fd\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u95f4\u8c0d\u3002\u201d\u300a\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u62a5\u300b\uff08San Francisco Examiner\uff09\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u9707\u64bc\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6d77\u5cb8\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u68d5\u9ec4\u79cd\u4eba\uff08Brown Men\uff09\u5404\u4e2a\u643a\u5e26\u5730\u56fe\uff0c\u5f88\u8f7b\u6613\u5730\u4fbf\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u767b\u9646\u201d\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5317\u7f8e\u6392\u65a5\u4e9a\u88d4\u8054\u76df\u201d\uff08Asiatic Exclusion League of North America\uff09 \u5728\u5176\u5e74\u4f1a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u66f4\u662f\u58f0\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e9a\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u6b66\u88c5\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3001\u5fe0\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u5145\u6ee1\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u6000\u654c\u610f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6253\u7b97\u6548\u5fe0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u4f53\u5236\u3001\u9075\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f0f\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u548c\u5e73\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u968f\u65f6\u51c6\u5907\u7740\u5728\u6218\u65f6\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6bcd\u56fd\u800c\u5949\u732e\u3002\u201d\u56fd\u4f1a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6392\u5916\u6e38\u8bf4\u8005\u3001\u300a\u8428\u514b\u62c9\u95e8\u6258\u8702\u62a5\u300b\uff08The Sacramento Bee\uff09\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u4eba\u74e6\u4f26\u4e01\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u62c9\u5947\uff08Valentine McClatchy\uff09\u751a\u81f3\u516c\u5f00\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u201c\u7167\u7247\u65b0\u5a18\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u65e5\u88d4\u52b3\u5de5\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u548c\u5e73\u6e17\u900f\u201d\u8ba1\u5212\u800c\u6d3e\u51fa\u7684\u6392\u5934\u5175\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4e9a\u88d4\u4eba\u53e3\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u201c\u6b96\u6c11\u201d\u3002\u6709\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u65e0\u602a\u4e4e\u90e8\u5206\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u8bc4\u8ff020\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6392\u65e5\u6d6a\u6f6e\u65f6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u5b9e\u5219\u662f\u4e0e\u7f8e\u65e5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u9ad8\u5ea6\u866c\u7ed3\u7684\uff1b\u5f53\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5bf9\u5cb8\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u7591\u8651\u52a0\u6df1\u4e4b\u523b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u65e5\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u906d\u5230\u731c\u5fcc\u4e0e\u6392\u65a5\u4e4b\u65f6\u3002\u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u63d0\u9632\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u5e73\u6e17\u900f\u4f01\u56fe\u201d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u534e\u76db\u987f\u6d77\u519b\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u6765\u81ea\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5404\u7ea7\u6cd5\u9662\u4e00\u518d\u5730\u5426\u8ba4\u4ee5\u5c0f\u6cfd\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u65e5\u4fa8\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u5883\u5316\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5ba1\u5224\u5e2d\u7684\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4eec\u65e0\u4e0d\u8eab\u5904\u65f6\u4ee3\u6d2a\u6d41\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e2d\u7acb\u3002\u8be5\u6848\u5ba1\u7406\u65f6\u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5854\u592b\u8131\u5386\u4efb\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u603b\u7763\u3001\u9646\u519b\u90e8\u957f\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u7b49\u884c\u653f\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u65e9\u5e74\u4efb\u804c\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4fbf\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u5341\u5206\u8b66\u60d5\u3002\u5728\u51761905\u5e74\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9646\u519b\u90e8\u957f\u8bbf\u65e5\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u9690\u5fe7\uff0c\u79f0\u201c\u4e3a\u4e86\u58ee\u5927\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\uff08\u65e5\u65b9\uff09\u727a\u7272\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4e5f\u5728\u6240\u4e0d\u60dc\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u9009\u603b\u7edf\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5854\u6c0f\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u53cd\u524d\u4efb\u897f\u5965\u591a\u00b7\u7f57\u65af\u798f\u7684\u5bf9\u65e5\u534f\u8c03\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u91d1\u5143\u5916\u4ea4\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u540c\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e89\u950b\u3002\u9664\u5854\u592b\u8131\u5916\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8d77\u8349\u548c\u5ba3\u8bfb\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5ba1\u5224\u610f\u89c1\u7684\u8428\u745f\u5170\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u4ef7\u503c\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5176\u65e9\u5e74\u5728\u975e\u4e9a\u88d4\u793e\u7fa4\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u201c\u8fdb\u6b65\u201d\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u8428\u745f\u5170\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u65cf\u88d4\u8eab\u4e0a\u65b9\u624d\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u5982\u6b64\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8428\u745f\u5170\u4f20\u8bb0\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u9738\u6743\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u5f3a\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u597d\u6218\u5730\u4f38\u5f20\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6743\u5229\u201d\u3002\u65e9\u57281918\u5e74\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u7684\u8428\u6c0f\u4fbf\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u5baa\u6cd5\u6743\u529b\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u4e8b\u7269\u300b\uff08Constitutional Power and World Affairs\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u5baa\u6cd5\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e3a\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u6269\u5c55\u201c\u6d89\u5916\u4e8b\u52a1\u6743\u201d\u9f13\u4e0e\u547c\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4efb\u4e0a\u4e00\u624b\u6267\u7b14\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bc9\u79d1\u8482\u65af-\u8d56\u7279\u51fa\u53e3\u516c\u53f8\u6848\u201d\uff08United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp. \uff0c1936\uff09\u5224\u51b3\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u5c06\u5bf9\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u6743\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u4e13\u5c5e\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u56fd\u4f1a\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u4e00\u4e3e\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u603b\u7edf\u65e5\u540e\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5f20\u5916\u4e8b\u6743\u7684\u6cd5\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u5916\uff0c\u5c06\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7f8e\u65e5\u51b2\u7a81\u7eb3\u5165\u53f8\u6cd5\u8003\u91cf\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u201c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u6848\u201d\u4e5f\u7edd\u975e\u5b64\u4f8b\u3002\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u73cd\u73e0\u6e2f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7206\u53d1\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53f7\u79f0\u516c\u6b63\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u53f8\u6cd5\u8c03\u67e5\u56e2\uff0c\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u672a\u7ecf\u4e25\u5bc6\u8c03\u67e5\u4fbf\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u95e8\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5f00\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\uff08\u65e5\u88d4\uff09\uff0c\u65f6\u5e38\u6536\u96c6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u5411\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4f20\u9012\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u4e8b\u8bbe\u65bd\u53ca\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u60c5\u62a5\u3002\u201d\u968f\u540e\u201c\u662f\u677e\u8bc9\u7f8e\u56fd\u6848\u201d\uff08Korematsu v. United States\uff0c 1944\uff09\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u5c06\u5168\u4f53\u65e5\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0e\u654c\u5bf9\u56fd\u65e5\u672c\u753b\u4e0a\u4e86\u7b49\u53f7\uff0c\u7c97\u66b4\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u52a0\u7504\u522b\u5730\u8fc1\u79fb\u65e5\u88d4\u5c45\u6c11\u201c\u5408\u4e4e\u5baa\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u53f2\u4e0a\u96be\u4ee5\u62b9\u53bb\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u6c61\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u51e1\u6b64\u79cd\u79cd\u5747\u53ef\u89c1\u5f97\uff0c\u8d85\u7136\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u5ba1\u5224\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u5747\u5904\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u5883\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u53f7\u79f0\u201c\u516c\u6b63\u201d\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f9d\u65e7\u5c06\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u4e89\u950b\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u6742\u7cc5\u770b\u5f85\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u9020\u6210\u751a\u81f3\u52a0\u5267\u79fb\u6c11\u4eec\u7684\u60b2\u5267\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u65e5\u672c\u53ca\u65e5\u88d4\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u8574\u85cf\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u201d\u5927\u6848\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u65e5\u88d4\u4e0d\u7518\u627f\u8ba4\u51fa\u8eab\u4e0d\u5982\u6b27\u7f8e\u767d\u4eba\u6b32\u8981\u4e89\u53d6\u79cd\u65cf\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u5904\u7406\u56fd\u5185\u79fb\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u5e94\u5bf9\u56fd\u9645\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u7ade\u4e89\u65f6\u62b1\u6709\u79cd\u65cf\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u4e0e\u65e5\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u4e5f\u9971\u542b\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u81ea\u4fe1\u4e0e\u81ea\u8c6a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u201c\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u5176\u884d\u751f\u800c\u6210\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u7ecf\u5728\u4e1c\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u4efb\u6559\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u83ab\u65af\uff08Edward Sylvester 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Shinbun\uff09\u4fbf\u5728\u8be5\u5e74\u7684\u65b0\u5e74\u8d3a\u8bcd\u300a\u5927\u6b63\u4e94\u5e74\u4e4b\u5e0c\u671b\u300b\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4e00\u652f\u5206\u8109\u2026\u2026\u5728\u7f8e\u5341\u4e07\u90a6\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u65b0\u6b63\u89c6\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u7279\u7acb\u72ec\u884c\uff0c\u4e0b\u51b3\u5fc3\u89e3\u51b3\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u9047\u5230\u7684\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u52aa\u529b\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u8bda\u5b9e\u3001\u52c7\u6562\u3001\u4e0d\u5c48\u4e0d\u6320\u5730\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f00\u62d3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u524d\u9014\u800c\u594b\u6597\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ad9\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u89c6\u89d2\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u900f\u955c\u201d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u89c6\u57df\u4e0b\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u201c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u6848\u201d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002\u5728\u5176\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5c0f\u6cfd\u5f88\u65e9\u4fbf\u81ea\u89c9\u5730\u878d\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0e\u65e5\u4fa8\u793e\u7fa4\u5173\u7cfb\u8584\u5f31\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u53ca\u65e5\u4fa8\u7fa4\u4f53\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u5176\u5927\u529b\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u201c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u6848\u201d\u56e0\u6cd5\u9662\u65b9\u9762\u201c\u53f8\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u201d\u7684\u9700\u8981\u800c\u5c42\u5c42\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3001\u5728\u7f8e\u65e5\u4fa8\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5165\u7c4d\u6848\u201d\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u8eab\u5e73\u7b49\u79cd\u65cf\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u65e5\u8d8b\u5f3a\u70c8\uff0c\u8be5\u6848\u5f00\u59cb\u53d7\u5230\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u65e5\u88d4\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u58f0\u63f4\u548c\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u5c0f\u6cfd\u4e8e\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u5730\u65b9\u6cd5\u9662\u8d25\u8bc9\uff0c\u6253\u7b97\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e0a\u8bc9\u81f3\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u201c\u7b2c\u4e5d\u5de1\u56de\u6cd5\u9662\u201d\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u65e5\u88d4\u56e2\u4f53\u201c\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6cbf\u5cb8\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u4f1a\u534f\u8bae\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Pacific Coast Japanese Association Deliberative Council\uff09\u540c\u610f\u4e3a\u5c0f\u6cfd\u4e00\u5bb6\u5168\u529b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u65e5\u4fa8\u5a92\u4f53\u300a\u65e5\u7f8e\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\u4e5f\u79ef\u6781\u53d1\u58f0\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u79cd\u65cf\u201d\u4e3a\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u547c\u5401\u5728\u7f8e\u65e5\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u652f\u63f4\u5c0f\u6cfd\u7684\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u88ab\u5165\u7c4d\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u88ab\u8ba4\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a3\u7b49\u7684\u4eba\u79cd\u2026\u2026\u800c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u800c\u8a00\u65e0\u5f02\u4e8e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u803b\u8fb1\u6027\u7684\u5bf9\u5f85\u2026\u2026\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\uff09\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u5c0f\u6cfd\u5f97\u5230\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u201d\u5176\u4ed6\u5728\u7f8e\u65e5\u4fa8\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u4ea6\u5bf9\u5c0f\u6cfd\u8fdb\u884c\u58f0\u63f4\uff0c\u5982\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u7684\u300a\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u300b\uff08Shin Sekai\uff09\u7b49\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u201c\u5f71\u54cd\u9887\u5927\u201d\uff0c\u6545\u5fc5\u987b\u529b\u4fc3\u201c\u540c\u80de\u6ce8\u610f\u201d\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u516c\u7136\u201c\u6311\u6218\u201d\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u8d44\u683c\u79cd\u65cf\u6761\u4f8b\u7684\u65e5\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u88ab\u5851\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u6709\u610f\u83b7\u5f97\u5e73\u7b49\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5728\u7f8e\u65e5\u4fa8\u751a\u6216\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u4ece\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u95f4\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e0e\u5927\u6d0b\u5f7c\u5cb8\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\u4e0a\u65e5\u672c\u4ee3\u8868\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u5e9f\u9664\u4eba\u79cd\u6b67\u89c6\u201d\u63d0\u6848\u76f8\u4e92\u547c\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7efc\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u53ca\u5176\u65e5\u88d4\u540c\u4faa\u56f4\u7ed5\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u767d\u4eba\u201d\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6297\u4e89\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5de7\u7528\u6761\u6587\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3001\u4e89\u53d6\u5b9e\u9645\u5229\u6743\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u66f4\u5951\u5408\u4e89\u53d6\u79cd\u65cf\u5e73\u7b49\u8fd9\u4e00\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f8e\u56fd\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8c\u5584\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u201c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u6848\u201d\u7531\u6700\u521d\u4e00\u8d77\u666e\u901a\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u8d44\u683c\u6848\u4ef6\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u573a\u58f0\u52bf\u6d69\u5927\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5927\u6848\uff1b\u4f46\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u6392\u65e5\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u63d0\u9632\u548c\u654c\u89c6\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u201c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u6848\u201d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5982\u6b64\u8d77\u4e8e\u5ce5\u5d58\u800c\u53c8\u5f52\u4e8e\u65e0\u5948\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1784150965769gIJJnn.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-07-15T21:29:24Z\/86400\/host\/794565dac5fa167b787da9c304b1e2159b620aa668c39a7e193275a631e77c4c\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u201c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u6848\u201d\u7684\u56fd\u5185\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1922\u5e7411\u670813\u65e5\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8428\u745f\u5170\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u201c\u65e5\u88d4\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f52\u5316\u4e3a\u767d\u4eba\u3001\u8fdb\u800c\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u5165\u7c4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u5224\u8bcd\u843d\u5730\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e43\u81f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u65e5\u540e\u8d70\u5411\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6216\u5927\u6216\u5c0f\u7684\u6ce2\u53ca\uff0c\u547d\u8fd0\u4e4b\u9014\u5c31\u6b64\u8f6c\u6369\u3002\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u201c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u6848\u201d\u7684\u8d25\u8bc9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c0f\u6cfd\u5b5d\u96c4\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u76f4\u63a5\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u51b2\u51fb\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5c0f\u6cfd\u672a\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u5165\u7c4d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u51e0\u540d\u5b50\u5973\u53c8\u5c1a\u672a\u6210\u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5145\u6ee1\u79cd\u65cf\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd1920\u5e74\u300a\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u571f\u5730\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u4e00\u5bb6\u88ab\u6ca1\u6536\u7530\u4ea7\u5e76\u4f4e\u4ef7\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7ed9\u767d\u4eba\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8d22\u4ea7\u51cf\u635f\u7684\u6ce2\u6298\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f7b\u5e95\u538b\u57ae\u5c0f\u6cfd\u4e00\u5bb6\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u529b\u66f4\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u7684\u51ef\u6728\u57fa\uff08Kaimuki\uff09\u6751\u5f00\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e00\u5bb6\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u51ef\u6728\u57fa\u7eba\u7ec7\u54c1\u5546\u5e97\u201d\uff08Kaimuki Dry Goods\uff09\u7684\u5c0f\u94fa\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5c0f\u6cfd\u592b\u5987\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5c0f\u5e97\u84b8\u84b8\u65e5\u4e0a\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u8be5\u793e\u533a\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5546\u5e97\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5bb6\u65cf\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u4e0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u8425\u4e1a\u81f3\u4eca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c61\u5c61\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u201c\u629b\u5f03\u201d\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6700\u4e3a\u8bbd\u523a\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5c0f\u6cfd\u592b\u5987\u7684\u72ec\u5b50\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u5c0f\u6cfd\uff08George Ozawa\uff09\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u6b21\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u5730\u5426\u51b3\u4e86\u5c0f\u6cfd\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u7f8e\u56fd\u5377\u5165\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bb6\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u7537\u6027\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\u7684\u4e54\u6cbb\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u9000\u7f29\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bc5\u7136\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u664b\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7b2c100\u6b65\u5175\u8425\uff0c\u5e76\u57281943\u5e7410\u670821\u65e5\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u6218\u6597\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6b7b\u5728\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u5c0f\u6cfd\u201c\u6bcd\u56fd\u201d\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5fb7\u3001\u610f\u76df\u53cb\u67aa\u4e0b\u3002\u5728\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u5c0f\u6cfd\u4e3a\u53cd\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u6218\u4e89\u6240\u629b\u6d12\u7684\u70ed\u8840\u6620\u7167\u4e0b\uff0c21\u5e74\u524d\u201c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u6848\u201d\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u6027\u5224\u51b3\u663e\u5f97\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u8bbd\u523a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u53d7\u201c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u6848\u201d\u5224\u51b3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53f8\u6cd5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6392\u5916\u52bf\u5934\u6108\u6f14\u6108\u70c8\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u5728\u7f8e\u4e9a\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u627f\u53d7\u4e86\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u632b\u8d25\u3002\u5728\u4e0e\u201c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u6848\u201d\u540c\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u5c71\u4e0b\u8bc9\u6b23\u514b\u5c14\u6848\u201d\uff08Yamashita v. Hinkle\uff0c1922\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u5ba1\u6cd5\u5b98\u8428\u745f\u5170\u9a73\u56de\u4e86\u539f\u544a\u4eba\u5c71\u4e0b\u5b85\u6cbb\uff08Takuji Yamashita\uff09\u5e0c\u671b\u6210\u7acb\u5730\u4ea7\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u540c\u6837\u662f\u540e\u8005\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d\u201d\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7b26\u5408\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5dde\u300a\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u571f\u5730\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u57281923\u5e74\u7531\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u51b3\u7684\u201c\u6ce2\u7279\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u8bc9\u97e6\u4f2f\u6848\u201d\uff08Porterfield v. Webb\uff0c1923\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u4eec\u4ea6\u9a73\u56de\u4e86\u539f\u544a\u6ce2\u7279\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08W. L. Porterfield\uff09\u5e0c\u671b\u5411\u65e5\u88d4\u519c\u6c11\u6c34\u91ce\u5409\u592a\u90ce\uff08Yoshitaro Mizuno\uff09\u79df\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u571f\u5730\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u6b64\u6848\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u6b64\u524d\u591a\u6b21\u4f5c\u51fa\u540c\u7c7b\u4e0d\u5229\u5224\u51b3\u7684\u8428\u745f\u5170\u6cd5\u5b98\u6b64\u6b21\u56de\u907f\u4e86\u5ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7fa4\u4f53\u4f9d\u65e7\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u6c34\u91ce\u5409\u592a\u90ce\u53ca\u4ed6\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u751f\u610f\u4f19\u4f34\u8d25\u8bc9\u7684\u4e0d\u5229\u5224\u51b3\u3002\u8fd9\u5145\u5206\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u201c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u6848\u201d\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u504f\u89c1\u6027\u5224\u51b3\u7ed3\u679c\u5df2\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7279\u4f8b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u53f8\u6cd5\u754c\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5171\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6b64\u524d\u7684\u534e\u88d4\u3001\u65e5\u88d4\u7b49\u4e1c\u4e9a\u79fb\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f53\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u5c31\u8fde\u6240\u8c13\u79cd\u65cf\u8c31\u7cfb\u4e0a\u4e0e\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u767d\u4eba\u201c\u540c\u6c14\u8fde\u679d\u201d\u7684\u5357\u4e9a\u79fb\u6c11\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u6ce2\u53ca\u3002\u5728\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u53c8\u4e00\u8d77\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u201c1923\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bc9\u5df4\u8d3e\u7279\u00b7\u8f9b\u683c\u00b7\u8f9b\u5fb7\u6848\u201d\uff08United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind\uff0c1923\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u6848\u201d\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u504f\u89c1\u6027\u5224\u51b3\u601d\u60f3\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u5f97\u5230\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8be5\u6848\u7684\u6848\u4e3b\u5df4\u8d3e\u7279\u00b7\u8f9b\u683c\u00b7\u8f9b\u5fb7\uff08Bhagat Singh Thind\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u9ad8\u79cd\u59d3\u9521\u514b\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u5e76\u5148\u540e\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u897f\u6d77\u5cb8\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u52a0\u5165\u519b\u961f\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4eba\u79cd\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u9ad8\u79cd\u59d3\u7684\u8f9b\u5fb7\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u201c\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u4eba\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5176\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u7406\u5e94\u5f97\u5230\u4f53\u8ba4\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u5ba1\u7406\u8f9b\u5fb7\u7684\u5165\u7c4d\u4e89\u7aef\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u5ba1\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u8428\u745f\u5170\u4ece\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u89e3\u91ca\u201c\u5c0f\u6cfd\u6848\u201d\u7684\u5224\u8bcd\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u540c\u65f6\u7b26\u5408\u201c\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u4eba\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u88ab\u5e73\u5e38\u4eba\uff08common 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