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\uff08\u82e6\u529b\uff09\u70ed\u60c5\u575a\u97e7\uff0c\u57cb\u5934\u82e6\u5e72\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u52b2\u5934\u52bf\u4e0d\u53ef\u6321\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u5b9e\u529b\u6253\u4e0b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u2026\u2026\u6ee1\u6d32\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\u4e5f\u662f\u5c71\u4e1c\u82e6\u529b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u5b89\u8fbe\u91d1\u4e4b\u52a9\uff0c\u300a\u6ee1\u6d32\u8c03\u67e5\u62a5\u544a\u300b<\/p>\n

\uff08Adachi Kinnosuke, Manchuria: A Survey\uff09<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5bfb\u627e\u5bb9\u6613\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u540c\u65f6\u5265\u524a\u5ec9\u4ef7\u5974\u96b6\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u585e\u897f\u5c14\u00b7\u7f57\u5179\uff08Cecil Rhodes\uff09<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u6211\u5728\u5bfc\u8bba\u4e2d\u5df2\u63d0\u53ca\u798f\u67ef\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u653f\u6743\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8fc7\u5269\uff0c\u201c\u751f\u547d\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u7edf\u6cbb\u6743\u3002\u751f\u547d\u6743\u529b\u7684\u8fc7\u5269\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u4e0d\u5355\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u589e\u6b96\u751f\u547d\u201d\uff082003\uff0c254\uff09\u3002\u6ee1\u6d32\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u5feb\u901f\u79ef\u7d2f\u6253\u4e0b\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u540e\u85e4\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u662f\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u9760\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u79fb\u6c11\u53bb\u62d3\u8352\uff0c\u800c\u65e5\u672c\u5546\u4eba\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u5219\u662f\uff0c\u7528\u5546\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u65e0\u5f62\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fc5\u901f\u69a8\u53d6\u5269\u4f59\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u53ea\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u4e24\u5e74\u3002\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u201d\u4f4e\u5f97\u8ba9\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u96be\u4ee5\u6297\u62d2\uff0c\u800c\u95fb\u6240\u672a\u95fb\u7684\u9ad8\u989d\u5229\u6da6\u5219\u53ec\u5524\u7740\u8d2a\u5a6a\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u3002\u540e\u85e4\u8fd4\u56de\u65e5\u672c\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u91cd\u5fc3\u9010\u6e10\u503e\u5411\u56fd\u5185\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4efb\u6ee1\u94c1\u603b\u88c1\u4e2d\u6751\u96c4\u6b21\u90ce1915\u5e74\u516c\u5f00\u529d\u8bf4\u65e5\u672c\u519c\u6c11\u4e0d\u8981\u53bb\u6ee1\u6d32\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u7ed9\u65e5\u672c\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u7684\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a\u201c\uff08\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\uff09\u751f\u610f\u5174\u9686\u7684\u8bc0\u7a8d\u662f\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u957f\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u5fcd\u53d7\u6700\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u3002\u201d\uff08\u5f15\u81eaMatsusaka 2001\uff0c191\uff09<\/p>\n

\u529d\u963b\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u79fb\u6c11\u6ee1\u6d32\u7684\u8fd9\u9879\u51b3\u5b9a\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u840c\u82bd\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u751f\u547d\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u5c31\u6c47\u62e2\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u52b3\u5de5\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u51fa\u5356\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u8fb9\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u8d2d\u4e70\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e3a\u201c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5438\u7eb3\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5e73\u91ce\u5065\u4e00\u90ce\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7edf\u6cbb\u5173\u4e1c\u5dde\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5e74\u5934\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5927\u5927\u5c0f\u5c0f\u5404\u79cd\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f01\u4e1a\u5168\u90fd\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u505a\u751f\u610f\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u201c\u76f4\u63a5\u5265\u524a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u975e\u6280\u672f\u52b3\u5de5\u201d\uff081983\uff0c155\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u88ab\u5265\u524a\u5f97\u6700\u5389\u5bb3\u7684\u662f\u5c71\u4e1c\u82e6\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6768\uff08C. Walter Young\uff09\u7814\u7a761927\u5e74\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u79fb\u6c11\u72b6\u51b5\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\uff081929\uff09\uff0c\u6ee1\u94c1\u5728\u5c71\u4e1c\u548c\u6cb3\u5317\u670910\u523020\u4e2a\u62db\u8058\u70b9\u3002\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u6ee1\u94c1\u76f4\u63a5\u96c7\u4f63\u5de5\u4eba\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u7164\u77ff\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u6d77\u6e2f\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002\u6ee1\u94c1\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u5bb6\u62db\u52df\u82e6\u529b\u5230\u6ee1\u6d32\u53bb\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6bd4\u6ee1\u94c1\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u662f\u4e09\u4e95\u7269\u4ea7\u548c\u9e2d\u7eff\u6728\u6750\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u83b7\u5229\u5c24\u5de8\u3002\u9e2d\u7eff\u6728\u6750\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u201c\u6865\u53e3\u6e2f\u201d\u7684\u5c40\u957f\u63a5\u53d7\u300a\u6ee1\u6d32\u65e5\u65e5\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u8868\u626c\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5ec9\u4ef7\u52b3\u5de5\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u516c\u53f8\u4e00\u5171\u670945\u540d\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u804c\u5458\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d23\u540d\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u300122\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u662f3\u4e07\u540d\u6765\u81ea\u534e\u5317\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\uff0c\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u5e0c\u671b\u660e\u5e74\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u52305\u4e07\u540d\uff08MNNS\uff0c1909\u5e741\u670810\u65e5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

\u5927\u8fde\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u5fd7\u5f97\u610f\u6ee1\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u4eec\u53ef\u4e0d\u60f3\u542c\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bf4\u6559\u3002\u76f8\u751f\u544a\u8bc9\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece1908\u5e74\u8d77\u5c31\u548c\u6ee1\u94c1\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u4e00\u8d77\u8c03\u67e5\u201c\u82e6\u529b\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff0c1911\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u6ee1\u6d32\u4ea7\u4e1a\u754c\u534f\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u7814\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u6c89\u79ef\u4e8610\u5e74\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u89e3\u51b3\u82e6\u529b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u76f8\u751f\u6253\u51fa\u7684\u738b\u724c\u662f\u201c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49=\u6587\u660e\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u201c\u6700\u597d\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u8282\u7701\u82e6\u529b\u201d\uff08MSSK\uff0c4\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u76f8\u751f\u654f\u9510\u5730\u501f\u7528\u540e\u85e4\u7684\u751f\u547d\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u751f\u547d\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6b96\u6c11\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u662f\u65e2\u8981\u201c\u5c0a\u91cd\u82e6\u529b\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u201d\u548c\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u4eab\u53d7\u536b\u751f\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u533b\u7597\u6210\u679c\u201d\uff085\u20146\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u751f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6761\u5efa\u8bae\u7ed3\u675f\u4ed6\u7684\u5e8f\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u65e2\u62ff\u51fa\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u6027\u3002\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u4ece\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u201d\uff086\uff09<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u751f\u62a5\u544a\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\u201c\u82e6\u529b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6761\u4ef6\u201d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5904\u7f6e\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

\u82e6\u529b\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u751f\u6d3b\u5fc5\u9700\u54c1\uff0c\u201c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u8863\u670d\u7a7f\u5c31\u884c\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u559c\u6b22\u201c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u98df\u7269\u201d\uff08MSSK\uff0c21\uff0c23\uff09\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u201c\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fc7\u4e0a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u82e6\u529b\u6d3b\u7740\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u62fc\u547d\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\uff0825\uff09\u3002\u82e6\u529b\u4e0d\u53bb\u9152\u9986\u6216\u5993\u9662\uff0c\u5076\u5c14\u53ea\u53bb\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u9e26\u7247\u7a91\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u76f4\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u8bdf\u75c5\u7684\u201c\u5c0f\u8d4c\u201d\u4e5f\u53ea\u5728\u4e00\u5929\u52b3\u7d2f\u5de5\u4f5c\u540e\u7684\u6df1\u591c\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u623f\u95f4\u91cc\u8fdb\u884c\uff0825\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u751f\u9884\u89c1\u5230\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u56ff\u4e8e\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f25\u548c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7406\u5ff5\u5dee\u5f02\u800c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u96c7\u7528\u82e6\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u662f\u4e0d\u503c\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u591a\u5c11\u6587\u5316\u53ef\u8a00\uff0c\u82e6\u529b\u975e\u5e38\u6ee1\u610f\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u8fd1\u4e4e\u975e\u4eba\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u50cf\u5974\u96b6\u4e00\u822c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u665a\u4e0a\u518d\u5c0f\u8d4c\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6bcf\u5468\u53bb\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u9e26\u7247\u7a91\u5b50\u6d88\u9063\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u751f\u5b58\u624b\u6bb5\u201d\uff0c\u82e6\u529b\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u592910\u81f314\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u4f53\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\u505a\u51c6\u5907\u3002\uff08\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u9e26\u7247\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u7f13\u89e3\u7a0b\u5b89\u7433[Anne Anlin Cheng\u2014\u2014\u97f3\u8bd1\uff0c2001]\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8d31\u6c11\u9636\u5c42\u201c\u79cd\u65cf\u5fe7\u90c1\u201d\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u3002\uff09\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u82e6\u529b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u5fcd\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u8089\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u6298\u78e8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6beb\u65e0\u6028\u8a00\u3002\u8fd9\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u4e0d\u751f\u75c5\uff1b\u987a\u4ece\u7684\u672c\u6027\u9002\u5408\u8d44\u672c\u52b3\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u6bd4\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u66f4\u9ad8\u5927\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u627f\u53d7\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u3002\uff08MSSK\uff0c31\u201432\uff09\u4e4d\u770b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ba1\u8f96\u4e0b\u6700\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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