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src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/cb71033c6db47906\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe3. \u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u83b7\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u65f6\u7684\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7167\u7247\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b66<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5361\u95e8\u548c\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4ea7\u51fa\u4e86\u8f89\u714c\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u8428\u9ed8\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08Martin Summerfield\uff09\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4ed6\u6210\u4e86&#8230;&#8230;\u5361\u95e8\u7684\u80f3\u818a\u548c\u817f\uff0c\u4e3a\u5361\u95e8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u505a\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u4ed6\u62e5\u6709\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u624d\u667a\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u50cf\u4ed6\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u3002\u201d[27] \u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u201c\u9ad8\u8d85\u97f3\u901f\u6d41\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9ad8\u8d85\u97f3\u901f\u6d41\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u201c\u5361\u95e8-\u94b1\u65b9\u7a0b\u201d\u7b49\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u7a7a\u6c14\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u679c\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u540c\u4e8b\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u9a6c\u52c3\uff08Frank Marble\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u65f6\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u521b\u9020\u3002\u201d[28] 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src=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/85792f4a730990ac\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe4. \u8881\u7ecd\u6587\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u8881\u6c0f\u6587\u5316\u7f51<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u6279\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u5f97\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u63a8\u8350\u540e\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6731\u6b63\u5143\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u57281934\u5e7412\u6708\u7531\u6c14\u8c61\u5b66\u5bb6\u7afa\u53ef\u6862\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7ed9\u5361\u95e8\u7684\u3002\u7afa\u53ef\u6862\u66fe\u4efb\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6c14\u8c61\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6240\u957f(1928\u20141936\u5e74)\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f(1936-1949\u5e74)\u3002[31] \u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6731\u6b63\u5143\u8fdb\u5165\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5e76\u4fee\u8bfb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002[32] 1938\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u67cf\u5b9e\u4e49\u83b7\u5f97\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u822a\u7a7a\u5de5\u7a0b\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u65f6\uff0c\u5361\u95e8\u63a8\u8350\u4ed6\u7ed9\u7afa\u53ef\u6862\u505a\u52a9\u624b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u57281939\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u5361\u95e8\u8054\u7cfb\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u822a\u7a7a\u54a8\u8be2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a(NACA)\u548c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u5c40\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u67cf\u5b9e\u4e49\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b66\u8005\u6765\u53c2\u89c2\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6d41\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002[33]<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u662f\u5361\u95e8\u52a0\u5165\u4ed6\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u30021937\u5e74\u5361\u95e8\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e2d\u56fd\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5f20\u6377\u8fc1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u98ce\u6d1e\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5411\u5f20\u6377\u8fc1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8d74\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u7684\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u3002\u5f20\u6377\u8fc1\u4e8e1940\u5e749\u6708\u62b5\u8fbe\u5e15\u8428\u8fea\u7eb3\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1784325903184WlRMhI.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1\/7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3\/2026-07-17T22:05:05Z\/86400\/host\/3c12bc5cc5d32b62ce6db9733381491b83e8befcf59ab205c922d7ef12a10fbc\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe5. \u51af\u00b7\u5361\u95e8\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c1936-1937\u5e74\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/p>\n<p>\u5361\u95e8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u5e76\u975e\u7529\u624b\u638c\u67dc\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ed6\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u5468\u672b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u4ed6\u5bb6\u4e2d\u805a\u4f1a(\u56fe5)\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5f20\u6377\u8fc1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u4ed6\u53bb\u6b27\u6d32\u65f6\u4f4f\u5728\u4ed6\u5bb6\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4fee\u526a\u8349\u576a\u3002[34] \u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f18\u79c0\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4eb2\u5bc6\u4e14\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e2d\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u7559\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u5916\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u6216\u5927\u5b66\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4efd\u4f53\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u6d41\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u613f\u610f\u63a8\u8350\u5b9e\u4e60\u673a\u4f1a\u6216\u8005\u5199\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4efd\u597d\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u592a\u96be\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ece\u5bfc\u5e08\u90a3\u91cc\u83b7\u5f97\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/f86bc36082561228\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe6. 1940\u5e748\u6708\u7b2c\u4e03\u6279\u4e2d\u82f1\u5e9a\u5b50\u8d54\u6b3e\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u4e58\u5750\u201c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7687\u540e\u201d\u53f7\u90ae\u8f6e\u524d\u5f80\u52a0\u62ff\u5927<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u6279\u4e2d\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u5b8c\u6210\u5b66\u4e1a\u540e\u6765\u5230\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u30021940\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e03\u6279\u4e2d\u82f1\u5e9a\u5b50\u8d54\u6b3e\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u767b\u4e0a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7687\u540e\u53f7\u90ae\u8f6e\u524d\u5f80\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u94b1\u4f1f\u957f\u3001\u90ed\u6c38\u6000\u548c\u6797\u5bb6\u7fd8\uff08\u56fe6\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u540d\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4ece1940\u5e749\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u7cfb\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u83b1\u987f\u00b7\u8f9b\u5409\uff08John Lighton Synge\uff09\u6559\u6388\uff08\u56fe7\uff09\u3002\u8f9b\u5409\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u51af\u00b7\u5361\u95e8\u90fd\u66fe\u5c31\u8bfb\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u6df1\u53d7\u8be5\u6821\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002[35] \u6797\u5bb6\u7fd8\u3001\u90ed\u6c38\u6000\u4e13\u653b\u6d41\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u94b1\u4f1f\u957f\u4e13\u653b\u5f39\u6027\u529b\u5b66\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e8e1941\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u6797\u5bb6\u7fd8\u548c\u90ed\u6c38\u6000\u968f\u540e\u8f6c\u5230\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u4e0e\u5361\u95e8\u535a\u58eb\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u94b1\u4f1f\u957f\u5219\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u591a\u5f85\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u4e8e1942\u5e74\u53d6\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u7ecf\u8f9b\u5409\u63a8\u8350\uff0c\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u55b7\u6c14\u63a8\u8fdb\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u3002[36]<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i04piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/3319c274e35a4d47\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe7. \u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u83b1\u987f\u00b7\u8f9b\u5409(John Lighton Synge\uff0c1897-1995)\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u5927\u5b66\u94b1\u4f1f\u957f\u7eaa\u5ff5\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a<\/p>\n<p>1941\u5e749\u6708\u521d\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u65b0\u5b66\u671f\u5f00\u5b66\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u90ed\u6c38\u6000\u5f97\u77e5\u4ed6\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u5c06\u662f\u970d\u9ed8\u00b7J \u00b7\u65af\u56fe\u5c14\u7279\uff08Homer J. Stewart\uff09\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u548c\u706b\u7bad\u63a8\u8fdb\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002\u90ed\u6c38\u6000\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u5361\u95e8\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u60f3\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u65af\u56fe\u5c14\u7279\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u87ba\u65cb\u6868\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u5361\u95e8\u5df2\u7ecf\u5141\u8bfa\u4ed6\u7684\u53ef\u538b\u7f29\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002[37] \u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u756a\u529d\u8bf4\uff0c\u5361\u95e8\u540c\u610f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57281941\u5e74\u8fdb\u5165\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u653b\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u540e\uff0c\u6797\u5bb6\u7fd8\u4e8e1942\u5e74\u5411\u534e\u7f8e\u534f\u8fdb\u793e(China Institute)\u7533\u8bf7\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u3002[38] 1942\u5e744\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u5361\u95e8\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350\u6797\u5bb6\u7fd8\uff1a\u201c\u6797\u5bb6\u7fd8\u5c06\u5728\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u822a\u7a7a\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\u8131\u9896\u800c\u51fa\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8d35\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6797\u5bb6\u7fd8\u5148\u751f\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5c06\u662f\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u672a\u6765\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u826f\u597d\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e2d\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5178\u578b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002[39] 1944\u5e74\uff0c\u6797\u5bb6\u7fd8\u5b8c\u6210\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8bba\u6e4d\u6d41\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u300b\u3002[40]<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6279\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u80e1\u5b81\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u5468\u57f9\u6e90\u6559\u6388\u5728\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff1b\u4ed6\u57281941\u5e74\u8fdb\u5165\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u3002\u80e1\u5b81\u5728\u5361\u95e8\u6559\u6388\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u5b66\u4e60\u6d41\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6e4d\u6d41\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c1944\u5e74\u5728\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7 S \u00b7\u7231\u73c0\u65af\u5766\uff08Paul S. Epstein\uff09\u6559\u6388\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6838\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002[41] \u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u9ad8\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u8be5\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7531\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u5188\u00b7 \u6069\u65af\u7279\u00b7 \u6ce1\u5229(Wolfgang Ernst Pauli)\u9886\u5bfc[42] \uff0c\u6ce1\u5229\u56e0\u57281925\u5e74\u53d1\u73b0\u201c\u6ce1\u5229\u7684\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u201d\u88ab\u6388\u4e881945\u5e74\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1943\u5e74\u81f31946\u5e74\uff0c\u94b1\u4f1f\u957f\u5728\u5361\u95e8\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u55b7\u6c14\u63a8\u8fdb\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff08\u5c5e\u7f8e\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u5c40\uff09\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u201d[43]\u5728\u5361\u95e8\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5706\u7b52\u7684\u53ef\u53d8\u626d\u7387\u626d\u8f6c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c34\u8f6e\u673a\u503e\u659c\u53f6\u7247\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u8d85\u97f3\u901f\u9525\u5f62\u6d41\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u6839\u636e\u94b1\u4f1f\u957f\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u5361\u95e8\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u4ed6\u4eec\u5408\u8457\u7684\u300a\u53d8\u626d\u7387\u7684\u626d\u8f6c\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u65f6\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u55b7\u6c14\u63a8\u8fdb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u52c9\u5f3a\u517c\u987e\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6211\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u56fa\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7bc7\u3002\u201d[44]<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u5728\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5361\u95e8\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6307\u5bfc\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u63a8\u52a8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u548c\u822a\u5929\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4fdd\u6301\u76f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\u30021942\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u5361\u95e8\u544a\u8bc9\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u822a\u7a7a\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u738b\u58eb\u502c[45] \uff0c\u4ed6\u6b63\u5728NACA\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u613f\u610f\u518d\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6539\u8fdb\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u822a\u7a7a\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u738b\u58eb\u502c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u8fbe\u7ed9\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u653f\u52a1\u6b21\u957f\u987e\u6bd3\u7407\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u8868\u793a\u652f\u6301\u3002[46] \u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5361\u95e8\u672a\u80fd\u57281942\u5e74\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1943\u5e747\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u5361\u95e8\u5411\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u4e8b\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08CAARC\uff09\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u6bdb\u90a6\u521d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6b63\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u7684\u53e4\u6839\u6d77\u59c6\u7a7a\u6c14\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff08GALCIT\uff09\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e0e\u822a\u7a7a\u5e94\u7528\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5728\u4fe1\u4e2d\u9644\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e00\u5f20\u5361\u7247\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u3001\u90ed\u6c38\u6000\u3001\u6797\u5bb6\u7fd8\u548c\u94b1\u4f1f\u957f\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6797\u5bb6\u7fd8\u6b63\u5728\u4ece\u4e8b\u6e4d\u6d41\u548c\u8fb9\u754c\u5c42\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u80e1\u5b81\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u653b\u8bfb\u7855\u58eb\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u6da1\u8f6e\u548c\u4f20\u70ed\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u90ed\u6c38\u6000\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u53ef\u538b\u7f29\u6d41\u4f53\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u94b1\u4f1f\u957f\u4ece\u4e8b\u822a\u7a7a\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4efb\u6559\u4e8e\u5728\u6606\u660e\u7684\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u4ece\u4e8b\u6d41\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5468\u57f9\u6e90\u6559\u6388\u4e5f\u6b63\u8ba1\u5212\u5230\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5de5\u4f5c\u51e0\u5e74\u3002[47\uff0c48]<\/p>\n<p>\u5361\u95e8\u5e0c\u671b\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u4e8b\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u533a\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u80fd\u591f\u7ed9\u4e88\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u548c\u8d44\u52a9\u3002\u4ed6\u613f\u610f\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u514d\u8d39\u6307\u5bfc\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56e2\u961f\u8fd4\u56de\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08\u540e\u6539\u4e3a\u822a\u7a7a\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff0c\u59cb\u5efa\u4e8e1941\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u6297\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u7531\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u822a\u7a7a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5728\u6210\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u9876\u5c16\u7684\u822a\u7a7a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff09\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u575a\u529b\u91cf\u3002[49] \u6709\u65f6\u5361\u95e8\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u5b66\u8005\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u54ea\u4e9b\u8d21\u732e\u3002[50] 1944\u5e745\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u4e8b\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6606\u660e\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u53d1\u6765\u7535\u62a5\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5f88\u9ad8\u5174\u4efb\u547d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u6210\u5458\u4e3a\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u7684\u7279\u8058\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002\u8fd9\u5c01\u7535\u62a5\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f18\u79c0\u5b66\u751f\u9700\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u540c\u610f\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u535a\u58eb\u8d1f\u8d23\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u914d\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u5c06\u83b7\u5f97\u6bcf\u6708100\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u8865\u8d34\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u76f8\u5173\u5de5\u4f5c\u540e\u83b7\u5f97\u6bcf\u670860\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u8865\u8d34\u3002[51] 1937\u5e747\u6708\u65e5\u672c\u4fb5\u534e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7a0e\u6536\u5165\u6025\u5267\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u5e9a\u5b50\u8d54\u6b3e\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u7684\u5728\u7f8e\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u8865\u8d34\u4e5f\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u4ece\u6bcf\u6708100\u7f8e\u5143\u51cf\u81f350\u7f8e\u5143\u3002[52] \u5230\u4e861939\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u6b63\u5f0f\u505c\u6b62\u652f\u4ed8\u5e9a\u5b50\u8d54\u6b3e\u3002[53] 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