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Prandtl)\u9f50\u540d\u3002\u201d\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b66\u751f\uff0cR. 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1947\u5e742\u67083\u65e5NACA\u6210\u5458\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u7684\u524d\u9014\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u548c\u65c5\u884c\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e8e1947\u5e74\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e86\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u51e0\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u505a\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u5de5\u7a0b\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u51e0\u573a\u8bb2\u5ea7\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4e00\u5c01\u7ed9\u5361\u95e8\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e0e\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u519b\u961f\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4e1c\u5317\u4e09\u4e2a\u7701\u4efd\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u5361\u95e8\u540e\u6765\u542c\u8bf4\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u88ab\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u6821\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6821\u957f\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u804c\u4f4d\u4ece\u672a\u5151\u73b0\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u51b3\u5b9a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002[103]\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5b98\u5458\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\uff0c\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4efb\u547d\u3002[104]<\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u30021948\u5e7412\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u9a6c\u6797\u7eb3\uff08Frank Malina\uff09\uff1a\u201c\u6574\u4e2a\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\u53d8\u5316\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\u3002\u201d\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u4e2d\u63a5\u8fd1\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u201c\u201c\u6211\u771f\u7684\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u7684\u672a\u6765\u4f1a\u600e\u6837\u3002\u4f46\u6216\u8bb8\uff0c\u6ca1\u4eba\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u672a\u6765\u6709\u628a\u63e1\u3002\u201d 1948\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u65b0\u4e0a\u4efb\u7684\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u6821\u957f\u674e\u00b7\u675c\u5e03\u91cc\u5947(Lee Dubridge)\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u5411\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\uff0c\u5411\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7H\u00b7\u6208\u8fbe\u5fb7(Robert H. Goddard)\u6559\u6388\u4ee5\u53ca\u53e4\u6839\u6d77\u59c6\u55b7\u6c14\u63a8\u8fdb\u4e2d\u5fc3(Guggenheim Jet Propulsion Center)\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u3002[105]\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u51af\u00b7\u5361\u95e8\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u662f\u5206\u4e0d\u5f00\u7684\u30021949\u5e74\uff0c\u51af.\u5361\u95e8\u4e5f\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u8350\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u62c5\u4efb\u4e0a\u8ff0\u804c\u52a1[106]\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u548c\u5361\u95e8\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u662f\u3002\u636e\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u7684\u5ba4\u53cb\u8303\u7eea\u7b95\u8bf4\uff0c\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5728\u4ed6\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bfb\u4e66\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u56e0\u75c5\u53bb\u4e16\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2a\u5f88\u5b5d\u987a\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u535a\u58eb\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\uff0c\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u60f3\u56de\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4ed6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7167\u987e\u60a3\u6709\u6162\u6027\u80a0\u80c3\u75c5\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u3002\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u4e8e1949\u5e74\u521d\u56de\u5230\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u672a\u6765\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u6218\u4e89\u6d88\u606f\u90fd\u9884\u793a\u7740\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u65f6\uff0c\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u4e8e\u90a3\u65f6\u7533\u8bf7\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd[107]\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u7684\u5904\u5883\u3002\u968f\u7740\u9ea6\u5361\u9521\u4e3b\u4e49\u51fa\u73b0\u5e76\u5e2d\u5377\u5168\u56fd\uff0c\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u4e0e\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u3002[108]\u5f53\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u5728\u79fb\u6c11\u95ee\u5377\u4e2d\u88ab\u95ee\u53ca\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6210\u5458\u65f6\u2014\u2014\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3b\u5f20\u4ee5\u6b66\u529b\u63a8\u7ffb\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u201d\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u57281938\u5e74\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6000\u7591\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u7ea2\u8272\u6050\u614c\u65f6\u671f\u5a01\u80c1\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u3002[109]\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u5f00\u59cb\u4e94\u5e74\u7684\u8270\u96be\u7ecf\u5386\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u6d89\u5bc6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u5fe7\u8651\u4e0e\u5361\u95e8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5411\u7236\u4eb2\u6c47\u6b3e\u3002[110]\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u6b63\u5728\u906d\u9047\u4eba\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u5371\u673a\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u5361\u95e8\u6b63\u56e0\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u5c45\u7559\u6570\u6708\uff0c\u5bf9\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5883\u51b5\u4e0d\u751a\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u5361\u95e8\u672c\u4eba\u4e5f\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u8054\u90a6\u8c03\u67e5\u5c40\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u5bf9\u7231\u5f92\u97ad\u957f\u83ab\u53ca\u3002[111]\u5361\u95e8\u5199\u4e86\u51e0\u5c01\u4fe1\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u3002[112]\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0e\u5f52\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u5c40(INS)\u63a8\u52a8\u5c06\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u5883\uff0c\u58f0\u79f0\u4ed6\u57281947\u5e74\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u6210\u5458\u3002\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u5728\u9063\u8fd4\u542c\u8bc1\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5bf9INS\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4ed6\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5(Caltech)\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u8428\u9ed8\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7(Martin Summerfield)\u76f8\u4fe1\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u60f3\u7559\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u3002\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u7684\u524d\u5ba4\u53cb\u8881\u7ecd\u6587\u4e5f\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u201c\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u6ca1\u6709\u56de\u56fd\u7684\u6253\u7b97\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\uff01\u90a3\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\uff01\u4ed6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u56de\u53bb\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u88ab\u8feb\u56de\u53bb\uff01\u201d\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u60f3\u8981\u56de\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u7684\u524d\u5b66\u751f\u5207\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u54c8\u585e\u7279(Chester Hasert)\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u4ed6\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u56de\u56fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u6218\u4e89\u7834\u574f\u4e2d\u6062\u590d\u8fc7\u6765\u3002\u201d[113]<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u4e5f\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u90d1\u54f2\u654f\u4e8e1952\u5e746\u6708\u6bd5\u4e1a\u3002\u90d1\u54f2\u654f\u4e0d\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u79bb\u5f00\u8be5\u56fd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u56e0\u975e\u6cd5\u5c45\u7559\u800c\u88ab\u79fb\u6c11\u5c40\u62d8\u7559\u3002\u90d1\u54f2\u654f\u76f4\u52301954\u5e749\u670826\u65e5\u624d\u79bb\u5f00\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u65c5\u884c\u4e86\u4e94\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002[114]\u76f4\u52301955\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u624d\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u9879\u6b63\u5f0f\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u9063\u8fd4\u53cc\u65b9\u516c\u6c11\u3002[115]\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u6709130\u591a\u540d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u56de\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u4e0e\u80e1\u5b81\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u80e1\u5b81\u662f1949\u5e74\u540e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5361\u95e8\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u8fd8\u5728\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u800c\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u80e1\u5b81\u57281951\u5e74\u6625\u5929\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u7956\u56fd\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u969c\u788d\u3002\u80e1\u5148\u751f\u66fe\u4efb\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\uff09\u7684\u6559\u6388\u3002[116]\u80e1\u5b81\u66fe\u4e0e\u5305\u62ec\u82cf\u8054\u6838\u7814\u7a76\u8054\u5408\u6240\u5728\u5185\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u52a8\u6211\u56fd\u6838\u80fd\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff08\u56fe10\uff09\u3002\u80e1\u5b81\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u4eba\u624d\u548c\u5e2e\u52a9\u521b\u5efa\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u65b9\u9762\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4ed6\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u6559\u6388\u73b0\u4ee3\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e8e\u654f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u6c22\u5f39\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u548c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6838\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5e08\u4ece\u80e1\u5b81\u7814\u7a76\u6838\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u586b\u8865\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u3002[117]<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/i02piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/cf311ee66e260ace\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56fe10. 20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u80e1\u5b81\u53c2\u89c2\u4e86\u82cf\u8054\u6838\u7814\u7a76\u8054\u5408\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3002\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\u6863\u6848\u9986<\/p>\n<p>\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u57281955\u5e74\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fbe\u6210\u534f\u8bae\u540e\u83b7\u91ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5bb6\u4eba\u79bb\u5f00\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1955\u5e749\u6708\u4e58\u8239\u8fd4\u56de\u4e2d\u56fd\uff08\u56fe11\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5411\u5361\u95e8\u9053\u522b\uff0c\u9001\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4e24\u672c\u4e66\uff1a\u300a\u7269\u7406\u529b\u5b66\u8bb2\u4e49\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5de5\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u540e\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u88ab\u8f6f\u7981\u671f\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u5728\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u9886\u57df\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u5b98\u5458\u4e39\u00b7\u91d1\u535a\u5c14\uff08Dan 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