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\u5728\u8fd4\u56de\u5fb7\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u5361\u7eb3\u91cc\u65af\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u6b64\u884c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5370\u8c61\uff1a\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u5f53\u5c40\u5e76\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\u5377\u5165\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5916\u754c\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u5361\u7eb3\u91cc\u65af\u5e76\u4e0d\u5fe0\u4e8e\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6000\u7591\u4ed6\u5728\u80cc\u5730\u91cc\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6002\u607f\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u4e0d\u8981\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5361\u7eb3\u91cc\u65af\u56e2\u961f\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u5bdf\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fdb\u653b\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u81f3\u5c11\u9700\u89812\u4e2a\u6b65\u5175\u56e2\u30013\u4e2a\u5de5\u5175\u8425\u300112\u4e2a\u70ae\u5175\u56e2\u7684\u5175\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u7a7a\u4e2d\u652f\u63f4\u3002\u5361\u7eb3\u91cc\u65af\u8fd8\u5ba3\u79f0\u6ca1\u6709380\u6beb\u7c73\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u578b\u706b\u70ae\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u653b\u514b\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u5f53\u65f6\u5fb7\u519b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6b64\u7c7b\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u5728\u5411\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u51ef\u7279\u5c14\u5143\u5e05\uff08Wilhelm Keitel\uff09\u6c47\u62a5\u65f6\uff0c\u5361\u7eb3\u91cc\u65af\u8fd8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u534f\u52a9\u4e0b\u653b\u5360\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u82f1\u519b\u5c06\u5728\u6469\u6d1b\u54e5\u548c\u6cd5\u5c5e\u897f\u975e\u767b\u9646\u3002<\/p>\n

\u72ee\u5b50\u4e0e\u72d0\u72f8<\/strong><\/p>\n

1940\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u5361\u7eb3\u91cc\u65af\u4e0e\u5373\u5c06\u51fa\u4efb\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\u7684\u62c9\u8499\u00b7\u82cf\u8042\uff08Ram\u00f3n S\u00fa\u00f1er\uff09\u4f1a\u9762\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e5f\u662f\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u7684\u5185\u5f1f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u82cf\u8042\u5c3d\u4e00\u5207\u52aa\u529b\u8bf4\u670d\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u7f6e\u8eab\u4e8e\u6218\u4e89\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8bf4\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f3a\u8feb\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u53c2\u6218\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u82cf\u8042\u5949\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u4e4b\u547d\u524d\u5f80\u67cf\u6797\uff0c\u6253\u63a2\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u57289\u670816\u65e5\u7684\u4f1a\u89c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u679c\u7136\u50cf\u5361\u7eb3\u91cc\u65af\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u5411\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u65bd\u4ee5\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5143\u9996\u6253\u7b97\u5c3d\u5feb\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u672c\u4eba\u89c1\u9762\uff0c\u4eb2\u81ea\u5bfb\u6c42\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25a0 1940\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u51fa\u4efb\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\u7684\u82cf\u8042\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u67cf\u6797\u671f\u95f4\u4e0e\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4f1a\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5361\u7eb3\u91cc\u65af\u518d\u6b21\u62dc\u4f1a\u4e86\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u8b66\u544a\u8bf4\u5982\u679c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u52a0\u5165\u8f74\u5fc3\u56fd\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u9886\u5730\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u672c\u571f\u90fd\u5c06\u906d\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u62c5\u5fc3\u5982\u679c\u62d2\u7edd\u4e0e\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5fb7\u519b\u5c06\u5165\u4fb5\u897f\u73ed\u7259\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u5361\u7eb3\u91cc\u65af\u8868\u793a\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5e76\u65e0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f01\u56fe\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u6b63\u5728\u8ba1\u5212\u8fdb\u653b\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u58f0\u79f0\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d62\u5f97\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u6df1\u611f\u9707\u60ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u6ca1\u6709\u5361\u7eb3\u91cc\u65af\u5728\u80cc\u540e\u63a8\u6ce2\u52a9\u6f9c\uff0c\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u4e5f\u5bf9\u52a0\u5165\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e00\u65b9\u8868\u793a\u975e\u5e38\u8c28\u614e\u3002\u5728\u5916\u754c\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u4e00\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u5fb7\u610f\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u624d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5185\u6218\u7684\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u67cf\u6797\u548c\u7f57\u9a6c\u611f\u6069\u6234\u5fb7\u3001\u5168\u529b\u5408\u4f5c\u624d\u5bf9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u8001\u8c0b\u6df1\u7b97\u7684\u519b\u4eba\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u80dc\u8d1f\u672a\u5206\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u62bc\u4e0a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u51b5\u4e14\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u591a\u5e74\u6218\u4e71\u540e\u767e\u4e1a\u51cb\u655d\uff0c\u5b9e\u529b\u865a\u5f31\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5377\u5165\u4e00\u573a\u5168\u6b27\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0e\u67cf\u6797\u8ba8\u4ef7\u8fd8\u4ef7\uff0c\u865a\u4e0e\u59d4\u86c7\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25a0 1939\u5e74\u590f\u5b63\uff0c\u5728\u53d6\u5f97\u5185\u6218\u80dc\u5229\u540e\uff0c\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u5728\u9a6c\u5fb7\u91cc\u8857\u5934\u68c0\u9605\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u5fb7\u610f\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u5e76\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u5e26\u9886\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u767b\u4e0a\u8f74\u5fc3\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u8f66\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e9\u57288\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u5373\u4e0e\u5361\u7eb3\u91cc\u65af\u9996\u6b21\u79d8\u5bc6\u4f1a\u6664\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u5c31\u5411\u5fb7\u56fd\u9a7b\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5927\u4f7f\u57c3\u672c\u54c8\u5fb7\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u65bd\u6258\u96f7\u5c14\uff08Eberhard von Stohrer\uff09\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u53c2\u6218\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5fc5\u987b\u5360\u6709\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u548c\u6cd5\u5c5e\u6469\u6d1b\u54e5\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u7ed9\u4e88\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5c0f\u9ea6\u548c\u77f3\u6cb9\uff0c\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8270\u96be\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f62\u52bf\uff1b\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u5fc5\u987b\u5411\u82f1\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u53d1\u8d77\u5168\u9762\u8fdb\u653b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u767b\u9646\u82f1\u4f26\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u773c\u4e2d\u662f\u201c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bb9\u5fcd\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u518d\u6b21\u6d3e\u9063\u5361\u7eb3\u91cc\u65af\u529d\u8bf4\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u653e\u4f4e\u59ff\u6001\uff0c\u8001\u5b9e\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u6070\u5f97\u5176\u53cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5403\u91cc\u6252\u5916\u7684\u6d77\u519b\u4e0a\u5c06\u8ba9\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u66f4\u52a0\u575a\u4fe1\u52a0\u5165\u5fc5\u7136\u6218\u8d25\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u662f\u611a\u8822\u4e4b\u4e3e\u3002<\/p>\n

1940\u5e7410\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u5728\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6cd5\u897f\u8fb9\u5883\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u57ce\u5e02\u6602\u4ee3\u4f0a\uff08Hendaye\uff09\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u9996\u8111\u4f1a\u6664\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\u7ea6\u963f\u5e0c\u59c6\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u91cc\u5bbe\u7279\u6d1b\u752b\uff08Joachim von Ribbentrop\uff09\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5916\u957f\u82cf\u8042\u4e5f\u51fa\u5e2d\u4e86\u4f1a\u8c08\u3002\u5728\u8c08\u5224\u684c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5584\u4e8e\u96c4\u8fa9\u7684\u6ce2\u897f\u7c73\u4e9a\u4e0b\u58eb\u60ca\u8bb6\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bf4\u670d\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25a0 1940\u5e7410\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u8fb9\u5883\u5c0f\u57ce\u6602\u4ee3\u4f0a\u4e3e\u884c\u9996\u8111\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u56fe\u4e3a\u4e24\u4eba\u5728\u8f66\u7ad9\u7ad9\u53f0\u4e0a\u68c0\u9605\u4eea\u4ed7\u961f\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25a0 \u5728\u6602\u4ee3\u4f0a\u4f1a\u8bae\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u548c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5728\u706b\u8f66\u7ad9\u53f0\u4e0a\u4eb2\u5207\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u4f1a\u8c08\u65f6\u4e24\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6c14\u6c1b\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u8fd9\u5f20\u7167\u7247\u90a3\u6837\u878d\u6d3d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5efa\u8bae\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u5c3d\u5feb\u52a0\u5165\u8f74\u5fc3\u56fd\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u57281941\u5e741\u6708\u53c2\u6218\uff0c\u4ed6\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u8bc1\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u5c06\u88ab\u5fb7\u519b\u7279\u79cd\u90e8\u961f\u653b\u514b\u5e76\u79fb\u4ea4\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u3002\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u5f53\u5373\u8868\u793a\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5f3a\u8c03\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u9700\u8981\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5bf9\u5fb7\u519b\u80fd\u5426\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u80dc\u5229\u8868\u793a\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5373\u4fbf\u5fb7\u519b\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u82f1\u4f26\u4e09\u5c9b\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u82f1\u56fd\u9646\u519b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u5c06\u64a4\u5f80\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u7684\u5f3a\u786c\u6001\u5ea6\u8ba9\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5927\u4e3a\u607c\u706b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u9996\u8111\u4f1a\u6664\u4e0d\u6b22\u800c\u6563\uff0c\u4e8b\u540e\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5411\u672c\u5c3c\u6258\u00b7\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\uff08Benito Mussolini\uff09\u62b1\u6028\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5b81\u53ef\u62d4\u6389\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56db\u9897\u7259\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u613f\u518d\u548c\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f1a\u9762\uff01\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u83f2\u5229\u514b\u65af\u201d\u884c\u52a8<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u4fc3\u6210\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u52aa\u529b\u906d\u53d7\u632b\u6298\uff0c\u4f46\u5fb7\u519b\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u5e05\u90e8\u7684\u53c2\u8c0b\u4eec\u4f9d\u7136\u5c3d\u804c\u5c3d\u8d23\u5730\u62df\u5b9a\u8fdb\u653b\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u7684\u4f5c\u6218\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u4ee3\u53f7\u4e3a\u201c\u83f2\u5229\u514b\u65af\u201d\u3002\u6839\u636e1940\u5e747\u6708\u60c5\u62a5\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u7684\u4fa6\u5bdf\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u5ea7\u8981\u585e\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u8fdb\u653b\u5728\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u6218\u6597\u5c06\u6301\u7eed\u4e09\u5929\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u82f1\u519b\u5904\u4e8e\u6709\u5229\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u5c06\u4ed8\u51fa\u9ad8\u6602\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u6210\u7a81\u7136\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fb7\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u5728\u63a5\u8fd1\u76ee\u6807\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u7a7f\u8d8a\u6574\u4e2a\u897f\u73ed\u7259\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u9690\u853d\u610f\u56fe\u2014\u2014\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u4ea4\u6218\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u90fd\u6f5c\u4f0f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u95f4\u8c0d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25a0 \u8d1f\u8d23\u6307\u6325\u201c\u83f2\u5229\u514b\u65af\u201d\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u5fb7\u519b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5c06\u9886\uff0c\u81ea\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u5206\u522b\u662f\u884c\u52a8\u603b\u6307\u6325\u51af\u00b7\u8d56\u6b47\u7459\u5143\u5e05\u3001\u7b2c39\u6469\u6258\u5316\u519b\u519b\u957f\u65bd\u5bc6\u7279\u4e0a\u5c06\u548c\u7b2c49\u5c71\u5730\u519b\u519b\u957f\u5c48\u5e03\u52d2\u4e0a\u5c06\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u83f2\u5229\u514b\u65af\u201d\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u603b\u6307\u6325\u4e3a\u74e6\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u8d56\u6b47\u7459\u9646\u519b\u5143\u5e05\uff08Walther von Reichenau\uff09\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u6295\u5165\u4e24\u4e2a\u519b\u7684\u5175\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u897f\u8fb9\u5883\u96c6\u7ed3\uff0c\u5728\u884c\u52a8\u5f00\u59cb\u540e\u7ffb\u8d8a\u6bd4\u5229\u725b\u65af\u5c71\u8109\uff08Pyrenees\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u5317\u5411\u5357\u7a7f\u8fc7\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u9886\u571f\u76f4\u53d6\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\uff0c\u5728\u6d77\u7a7a\u519b\u914d\u5408\u4e0b\u593a\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u53c2\u6218\u9646\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u5206\u4e3a\u63a9\u62a4\u90e8\u961f\u548c\u653b\u51fb\u90e8\u961f\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7531\u9c81\u9053\u592b\u00b7\u65bd\u5bc6\u7279\u4e0a\u5c06\uff08Rudolf Schmidt\uff09\u6307\u6325\u7684\u7b2c39\u6469\u6258\u5316\u519b\u62c5\u8d1f\u63a9\u62a4\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4e0b\u8f96\u7b2c16\u6469\u6258\u5316\u6b65\u5175\u5e08\u3001\u7b2c16\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u548c\u515a\u536b\u519b\u201c\u9ad1\u9ac5\u201d\u5e08\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u8fdb\u519b\u9014\u4e2d\u5c06\u4f9d\u6b21\u8f6c\u5411\u897f\u9762\uff0c\u8fdb\u9a7b\u5df4\u5229\u4e9a\u591a\u5229\u5fb7\uff08Valladolid\uff09\u3001\u5361\u585e\u96f7\u65af\uff08C\u00e1ceres\uff09\u548c\u585e\u7ef4\u5229\u4e9a\uff08Seville\uff09\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u9053\u63a9\u62a4\u9635\u5730\uff0c\u9632\u5907\u82f1\u519b\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u8461\u8404\u7259\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u53cd\u51fb\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u8fdb\u653b\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u4fa7\u7ffc\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25a0 \u5fb7\u519b\u201c\u83f2\u5229\u514b\u65af\u201d\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u4f5c\u6218\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u8def\u5fb7\u7ef4\u5e0c\u00b7\u5c48\u5e03\u52d2\u4e0a\u5c06\uff08Ludwig K\u00fcbler\uff09\u6307\u6325\u7684\u7b2c49\u5c71\u5730\u519b\u62c5\u4efb\u8fdb\u653b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u4ee5\u7b2c1\u5c71\u5730\u5e08\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7ec4\u5efa\u7684\u201c\u7a81\u51fb\u5e08\u201d\uff0c\u4e0b\u8f96\u7b2c98\u5c71\u5730\u6b65\u5175\u56e2\u548c\u201c\u5927\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u201d\u6b65\u5175\u56e2\uff0c26\u4e2a\u4e2d\u578b\u548c\u91cd\u578b\u70ae\u5175\u8425\u30012\u4e2a\u706b\u7bad\u70ae\u8425\u548c3\u4e2a\u89c2\u6d4b\u8425\u5c06\u63d0\u4f9b\u70ae\u706b\u652f\u63f4\uff0c3\u4e2a\u5de5\u5175\u8425\u5c06\u8d1f\u8d23\u5f00\u8f9f\u8fdb\u653b\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u88c5\u5907\u4e86150\u8f86\u201c\u6b4c\u5229\u4e9a\u201d\u9065\u63a7\u7206\u7834\u8f66\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u626b\u6e05\u96f7\u533a\u548c\u969c\u788d\u7269\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u4e00\u652f\u6765\u81ea\u52c3\u5170\u767b\u5821\u7279\u79cd\u90e8\u961f\u7684150\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u9063\u961f\u5c06\u914d\u5408\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u603b\u5175\u529b\u7ea6\u4e3a1.6\u4e07\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25a0 \u5fb7\u519b\u201c\u6b4c\u5229\u4e9a\u201d\u9065\u63a7\u7206\u7834\u8f66\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u8ba1\u5212\u5728\u653b\u51fb\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u65f6\u52a8\u7528150\u8f86\u201c\u6b4c\u5229\u4e9a\u201d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6e05\u626b\u96f7\u533a\u548c\u969c\u788d\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fb7\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u5c06\u6d3e\u51fa1\u4e2a\u6218\u6597\u673a\u8054\u961f\u30012\u4e2a\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u8054\u961f\u30013\u4e2a\u8f7b\u578b\u9ad8\u70ae\u8425\u548c3\u4e2a\u91cd\u578b\u9ad8\u70ae\u8425\u4e3a\u8fdb\u653b\u90e8\u961f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a7a\u4e2d\u652f\u63f4\u548c\u9632\u7a7a\u63a9\u62a4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6218\u98de\u673a\u5c06\u4ece\u6cd5\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u7684\u673a\u573a\u8d77\u98de\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u964d\u843d\u5728\u9760\u8fd1\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u7684\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7a7a\u519b\u57fa\u5730\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c55\u5f00\u4f5c\u6218\uff1b\u5fb7\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u4e5f\u5c06\u6d3e\u9063\u6f5c\u8247\u524d\u5f80\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u6d77\u5ce1\uff0c\u4fa6\u5bdf\u82f1\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u7684\u52a8\u5411\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6d77\u5cb8\u70ae\u53f0\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6210\u529f\u653b\u514b\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u540e\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u7edf\u5e05\u90e8\u8ba1\u5212\u518d\u589e\u8c03\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e08\u6e21\u8fc7\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u6d77\u5ce1\uff0c\u8fdb\u653b\u5317\u975e\u6d77\u5cb8\u5e76\u5360\u9886\u6cd5\u5c5e\u6469\u6d1b\u54e5\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u201c\u83f2\u5229\u514b\u65af\u201d\u8ba1\u5212\u65f6\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u907f\u514d\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u519b\u961f\u63d2\u624b\uff0c\u5bf9\u8981\u585e\u7684\u6700\u540e\u8fdb\u653b\u5c06\u7531\u5fb7\u519b\u5355\u72ec\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4e8e1940\u5e748\u670824\u65e5\u6279\u51c6\u4e86\u201c\u83f2\u5229\u514b\u65af\u201d\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\u30021940\u5e7410\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u7b2c1\u5c71\u5730\u5e08\u5e08\u957f\u4f11\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5170\u8328\u4e0a\u6821\uff08Hubert Lanz\uff09\u63a5\u5230\u4e86\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u5907\u6218\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5728\u968f\u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u53c2\u6218\u90e8\u961f\u5f00\u59cb\u7d27\u5f20\u7684\u4e34\u6218\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u6ca1\u6709\u7b49\u5230\u51fa\u51fb\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e0b\u8fbe\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u5f3a\u8981\u585e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u79ef\u6781\u7b79\u5212\u5bf9\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\u65f6\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6beb\u65e0\u8b66\u89c9\u3002\u81ea\u57281940\u5e746\u6708\u610f\u5927\u5229\u53c2\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u5c31\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f3a\u5316\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6570\u767e\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u65e9\u5df2\u9971\u7ecf\u6218\u706b\uff0c\u81ea11\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u8fd9\u91cc\u81f3\u5c11\u7ecf\u5386\u4e8614\u6b21\u56f4\u56f0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u66fe\u7ecf\u5360\u636e\u6b64\u5730\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0d\u9057\u4f59\u529b\u5730\u4fee\u5899\u5efa\u5792\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u6253\u9020\u6210\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u575a\u56fa\u7684\u8981\u585e\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25a0 \u4e8c\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u4ece\u534a\u5c9b\u897f\u5317\u65b9\u5411\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u822a\u62cd\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u6e2f\u6e7e\u5185\u5bc6\u96c6\u505c\u6cca\u7684\u8230\u8239\u3002\u4ece18\u4e16\u7eaa\u8d77\uff0c\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u5c31\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u897f\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6d77\u519b\u57fa\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u4f53\u7cfb\u7531\u57ce\u5899\u3001\u5821\u5792\u3001\u70ae\u53f0\u3001\u5f39\u836f\u5e93\u3001\u5730\u4e0b\u96a7\u9053\u548c\u4f17\u591a\u4ed3\u5e93\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u9632\u5fa1\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u534a\u5c9b\u5317\u9762\u4e0e\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u63a5\u58e4\u7684\u72ed\u7a84\u5730\u5ce1\u3001\u534a\u5c9b\u897f\u4fa7\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u53ca\u6e2f\u53e3\u5468\u8fb9\u548c\u534a\u5c9b\u5357\u7aef\u7684\u6d77\u5cb8\uff0c\u800c\u534a\u5c9b\u4e1c\u4fa7\u9ad8\u8038\u7684\u5de8\u5ca9\u662f\u8981\u585e\u7684\u5929\u7136\u5c4f\u969c\u3002\u8fd9\u5ea7\u9ad8\u8fbe426\u7c73\u7684\u77f3\u7070\u5ca9\u5c71\u662f\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u8981\u585e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u9632\u5fa1\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86360\u5ea6\u7684\u73af\u5411\u89c6\u91ce\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5883\u5185\u7684\u519b\u961f\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6d77\u5ce1\u5185\u7684\u8230\u8239\u5f80\u6765\u90fd\u5c3d\u6536\u773c\u5e95\uff0c\u800c\u5de8\u5ca9\u5185\u90e8\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u7531\u8fde\u7ef5\u7eb5\u6a2a\u7684\u5730\u9053\u3001\u4ed3\u5e93\u3001\u5c6f\u5175\u6d1e\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u8ff7\u5bab\u3002\u57281865\u5e74\uff0c\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u8bbe\u65bd\u6570\u91cf\u8fbe\u5230\u5386\u53f2\u9876\u5cf0\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9762\u79ef\u4ec5\u67096.7\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u5f39\u4e38\u4e4b\u5730\u4e0a\u5174\u5efa\u4e86110\u5ea7\u5821\u5792\u548c\u70ae\u53f0\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86681\u95e8\u706b\u70ae\u3002\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u96a7\u9053\u957f\u5ea6\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u523055\u516c\u91cc\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u9646\u519b\u5143\u5e05\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u67e5\u666e\u5c14\uff08John Chapple\uff09\u8bc4\u4ef7\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u3001\u4e43\u81f3\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u96be\u593a\u53d6\u548c\u9632\u5fa1\u5de5\u4e8b\u6700\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u5730\u533a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25a0 \u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u8981\u585e\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\u70ae\u53f0\uff0c\u6444\u4e8e1879\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u70ae\u53f0\u4e0a\u5bc6\u96c6\u6392\u5217\u7684\u706b\u70ae\u548c\u70ae\u4f4d\u4e0a\u5806\u653e\u6574\u9f50\u7684\u5f39\u836f\u3002\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u62e5\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7100\u5ea7\u70ae\u53f0\u548c\u5821\u5792\uff0c\u88c5\u5907\u706b\u70ae\u6570\u767e\u95e8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u516520\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u79ef\u6781\u63a8\u8fdb\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u9632\u5fa1\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u8981\u585e\u5bf9\u6d77\u5bf9\u7a7a\u9632\u5fa1\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u589e\u5efa\u6d77\u5cb8\u70ae\u53f0\uff0c\u90e8\u7f72\u9632\u7a7a\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u5c06\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5e73\u6c11\u90fd\u758f\u6563\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6d77\u5916\u9886\u5730\uff0c\u5c06\u9a7b\u519b\u89c4\u6a21\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u500d\uff1b\u5728\u534a\u5c9b\u5404\u5904\u4fee\u5efa\u9632\u7a7a\u9635\u5730\u548c\u6297\u767b\u9646\u5de5\u4e8b\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u9632\u7a7a\u9635\u5730\u5c31\u5efa\u5728\u539f\u6709\u5821\u5792\u7684\u9876\u90e8\uff0c\u914d\u5907\u4e86\u9ad8\u5c04\u70ae\u3001\u9632\u7a7a\u706b\u7bad\u548c\u63a2\u7167\u706f\uff1b\u5728\u5317\u9762\u5730\u5ce1\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7889\u5821\u3001\u53cd\u5766\u514b\u70ae\u9635\u5730\u3001\u5811\u58d5\u3001\u94c1\u4e1d\u7f51\u3001\u96f7\u533a\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7ef5\u5bc6\u9632\u7ebf\u5c01\u95ed\u4e86\u4ece\u9646\u5730\u65b9\u5411\u901a\u5f80\u534a\u5c9b\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u5f00\u59cb\u6316\u6398\u65b0\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u5de5\u4e8b\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5efa\u8d77\u4e00\u5ea7\u5305\u542b\u96a7\u9053\u7f51\u3001\u533b\u9662\u3001\u4ed3\u5e93\u3001\u5de5\u5382\u3001\u5f39\u836f\u5e93\u3001\u9762\u5305\u623f\u3001\u53d1\u7535\u7ad9\u3001\u6de1\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u5382\u548c\u901a\u8baf\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u57ce\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7eb31.6\u4e07\u540d\u5b88\u5907\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u50a8\u5b58\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u7269\u8d44\u8db3\u591f\u5b88\u519b\u575a\u630116\u4e2a\u6708\uff01\u6316\u51fa\u7684\u788e\u77f3\u7802\u571f\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u9020\u4e00\u6761\u6a2a\u8de8\u534a\u5c9b\u3001\u957f1600\u7c73\u3001\u5bbd140\u7c73\u7684\u8dd1\u9053\uff0c\u4f9b\u98de\u673a\u8d77\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25a0 1941\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u5de8\u5ca9\u5c71\u811a\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u82f1\u519b\u63a8\u571f\u673a\u548c\u538b\u8def\u673a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u4fee\u5efa\u673a\u573a\u8dd1\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25a0 1941\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u5de5\u5175\u90e8\u961f\u5728\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u5730\u4e0b\u6316\u6398\u96a7\u9053\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u5728\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u4fee\u5efa\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5730\u4e0b\u5de5\u4e8b\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u5ea7\u89c4\u6a21\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u57ce\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57281941\u5e74\u6625\u5b63\uff0c\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5b88\u519b\u5305\u62ec\u6765\u81ea\u56fd\u738b\u56e2\u3001\u8428\u9ed8\u585e\u7279\u8f7b\u6b65\u5175\u56e2\u3001\u9ed1\u536b\u56e2\u548c\u5fb7\u6587\u90e1\u56e2\u7684\u5404\u4e00\u4e2a\u8425\uff0c\u7687\u5bb6\u70ae\u5175\u7b2c3\u91cd\u70ae\u56e2\uff0c\u7b2c10\u9ad8\u70ae\u56e2\uff0c\u7b2c82\u91cd\u578b\u9ad8\u70ae\u56e2\uff0c\u7b2c3\u63a2\u7167\u706f\u8fde\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u7b49\u652f\u63f4\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u8981\u585e\u914d\u5907\u7684\u706b\u70ae\u5305\u62ec8\u95e8234\u6beb\u7c73\u91cd\u70ae\u30017\u95e8152\u6beb\u7c73\u91cd\u70ae\u30016\u5ea7\u53cc\u8054\u88c56\u78c5\u70ae\u30014\u95e876\u6beb\u7c73\u9ad8\u5c04\u70ae\u300120\u95e894\u6beb\u7c73\u9ad8\u5c04\u70ae\u30018\u95e840\u6beb\u7c73\u9ad8\u5c04\u70ae\u548c2\u95e82\u78c5\u673a\u5173\u70ae\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u9646\u6d77\u519b\u8fd8\u8054\u5408\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u652f\u540d\u4e3a\u7b2c126\u8054\u7edc\u6d3e\u9063\u7fa4\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u6d3e\u9a7b\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\uff0c\u5e94\u5bf9\u5fb7\u519b\u5165\u4fb5\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u6001\u52bf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u51b3\u5b9a\u62b5\u6297\u5fb7\u519b\uff0c\u6d3e\u9063\u7fa4\u5c06\u8d1f\u8d23\u8054\u7edc\u82f1\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u8fdb\u884c\u652f\u63f4\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u65b9\u9762\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6d3e\u9063\u7fa4\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5c06\u8f6c\u4e3a\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5883\u5185\u5c55\u5f00\u7834\u574f\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u8981\u585e\u5b88\u519b\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u6e2f\u5185\u8fd8\u9a7b\u6cca\u7740\u7531\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u8428\u9ed8\u7ef4\u5c14\u6d77\u519b\u4e2d\u5c06\uff08James Somerville\uff09\u6307\u6325\u7684H\u8230\u961f\uff0c\u8be5\u8230\u961f\u62e5\u6709\u6570\u8258\u6218\u5217\u8230\u548c\u822a\u7a7a\u6bcd\u8230\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u6279\u5de1\u6d0b\u8230\u3001\u9a71\u9010\u8230\uff0c\u5b9e\u529b\u9887\u5f3a\uff0c\u6d77\u519b\u7684\u91cd\u70ae\u548c\u8230\u8f7d\u673a\u4e5f\u5c06\u4e3a\u8981\u585e\u9632\u5fa1\u6218\u6597\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u529b\u652f\u63f4\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25a0 \u4f4d\u4e8e\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u5de8\u5ca9\u5c71\u9876\u67d0\u5ea7\u70ae\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684234\u6beb\u7c73\u91cd\u578b\u5cb8\u70ae\uff0c\u6444\u4e8e1942\u5e741\u6708\u3002\u8fd9\u5ea7\u70ae\u53f0\u5c04\u51fb\u5f00\u9614\uff0c\u65e2\u80fd\u5411\u9646\u5730\u65b9\u5411\u5f00\u706b\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u653b\u51fb\u5468\u8fb9\u6d77\u57df\u7684\u654c\u8230\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25a0 1942\u5e7411\u670820\u65e5\u591c\u95f4\uff0c\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u9a7b\u519b\u8fdb\u884c\u591c\u95f4\u9632\u7a7a\u6f14\u4e60\uff0c\u6570\u91cf\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u63a2\u7167\u706f\u5149\u67f1\u5c06\u591c\u7a7a\u70b9\u4eae\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u5bdf\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u91c7\u53d6\u5408\u4f5c\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u4ec5\u51ed\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e08\u7684\u5175\u529b\u8981\u60f3\u5728\u4e09\u5929\u5185\u62ff\u4e0b\u8fd9\u5ea7\u8981\u585e\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u653b\u51fb\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u610f\u5927\u5229\u548c\u7ef4\u5e0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u7684\u7a7a\u88ad\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6f5c\u8247\u548c\u86d9\u4eba\u7684\u5077\u88ad\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c18\u5c01\u4e8e\u6863\u6848\u67dc<\/strong><\/p>\n

1940\u5e7411\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u8fdb\u653b\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u7684\u7b2c18\u53f7\u5143\u9996\u8bad\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u51fa\u201c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5c3d\u5feb\u53c2\u6218\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u63aa\u65bd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u5fb7\u519b\u8fdb\u5165\u4f0a\u6bd4\u5229\u4e9a\u534a\u5c9b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5728\u4e8e\u5c06\u82f1\u56fd\u52bf\u529b\u9010\u51fa\u897f\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u201d\u3002\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5728\u8bad\u4ee4\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u5165\u4fb5\u8461\u8404\u7259\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u8461\u8404\u7259\u6d77\u5cb8\u53d6\u5f97\u7acb\u8db3\u70b9\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8981\u6c42\u519b\u65b9\u5c31\u5360\u9886\u9a6c\u5fb7\u62c9\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff08Madeira Islands\uff09\u548c\u4e9a\u901f\u5c14\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff08Azores Islands\uff09\u5c55\u5f00\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

1940\u5e7412\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4e0e\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u5e05\u90e8\u6210\u5458\u4eec\u5f00\u4f1a\uff0c\u5546\u8ba8\u5b9e\u65bd\u201c\u83f2\u5229\u514b\u65af\u201d\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6700\u540e\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u53ea\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5141\u8bb8\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u5c06\u57281941\u5e741\u670810\u65e5\u8d8a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u897f\u8fb9\u5883\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5361\u7eb3\u91cc\u65af\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u5949\u547d\u201c\u6566\u4fc3\u201d\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u4e0e\u5fb7\u519b\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u6b64\u884c\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u7ea6\u5fb7\u5c14\u5c06\u519b\u5c06\u4eb2\u81ea\u524d\u5f80\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u90e8\u7f72\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25a0 \u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u4e0e\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u5e05\u90e8\u4f5c\u6218\u5c40\u957f\u7ea6\u5fb7\u5c14\u5c06\u519b\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f5c\u6218\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8eab\u540e\u7ad9\u7740\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u5e05\u90e8\u957f\u5b98\u51ef\u7279\u5c14\u5143\u5e05\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5916\u4ea4\u4ea4\u6d89\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u7ea6\u5fb7\u5c14\u5c06\u4eb2\u8d74\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u83f2\u5229\u514b\u65af\u201d\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e24\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u5361\u7eb3\u91cc\u65af\u5411\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u8f6c\u8fbe\u4e86\u67cf\u6797\u8981\u6c42\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7acb\u5373\u53c2\u6218\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u610f\u613f\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u56de\u5e94\u8bf4\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u652f\u6301\u5fb7\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u98df\u54c1\u532e\u4e4f\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6b8b\u7834\u7684\u7a98\u5883\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u4ece\u5185\u6218\u7684\u521b\u4f24\u4e2d\u6062\u590d\u8fc7\u6765\u3002\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u540c\u65f6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u62c5\u5fc3\u5982\u679c\u5fb7\u519b\u5360\u9886\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u7684\u53cd\u51fb\u5c06\u4f7f\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5931\u53bb\u52a0\u90a3\u5229\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff08Canary Islands\uff09\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6d77\u5916\u9886\u5730\u3002\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u7684\u8868\u6001\u80af\u5b9a\u8ba9\u5361\u7eb3\u91cc\u65af\u5fc3\u5e95\u6697\u559c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u53c8\u5fc5\u987b\u88c5\u51fa\u6cae\u4e27\u7684\u795e\u60c5\u5411\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u5728\u83b7\u6089\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u4e0d\u80af\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u540e\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u51b3\u5b9a\u201c\u83f2\u5229\u514b\u65af\u201d\u884c\u52a8\u5c06\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\uff0c\u4ed6\u968f\u540e\u5728\u7ed9\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u5931\u671b\u4e4b\u60c5\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u62c5\u5fc3\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u6b63\u5728\u72af\u4e0b\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u57281941\u5e74\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5468\u91cc\uff0c\u67cf\u6797\u548c\u7f57\u9a6c\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u4eec\u8fd8\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u4fc3\u4f7f\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u653f\u5e9c\u6539\u53d8\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u800c\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u4f9d\u65e7\u53cd\u5e94\u6d88\u6781\uff0c\u57282\u67086\u65e5\u7ed9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u7684\u7b54\u590d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u518d\u6b21\u91cd\u7533\u4e86\u53c2\u6218\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ee5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56f0\u96be\u3001\u519b\u961f\u4e4f\u529b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u62d2\u7edd\u53c2\u6218\u7684\u6258\u8f9e\u3002\u91cc\u5bbe\u7279\u6d1b\u752b\u53ea\u80fd\u5411\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u62a5\u544a\uff1a\u201c\u4f5b\u6717\u54e5\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u610f\u53c2\u6218\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25a0 \u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\u82cf\u8042\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\u91cc\u5bbe\u7279\u6d1b\u752b\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u540c\u8f66\u51fa\u884c\u3002\u57281941\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5fb7\u610f\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u95e8\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e89\u53d6\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740\u5fb7\u519b\u5168\u529b\u5907\u6218\u201c\u5df4\u5df4\u7f57\u8428\u201d\u884c\u52a8\uff08Operation Barbarossa\uff09\uff0c\u201c\u83f2\u5229\u514b\u65af\u201d\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\u88ab\u6401\u7f6e\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u575a\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u53c2\u8c0b\u673a\u6784\u7ee7\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u653b\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u30021941\u5e743\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u4e00\u4efd\u91cd\u65b0\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u83f2\u5229\u514b\u65af-\u6d77\u56e0\u91cc\u5e0c\u201d\uff08Felix-Heinrich\uff09\u7684\u65b0\u8ba1\u5212\u88ab\u5448\u4ea4\u7ed9\u603b\u53c2\u8c0b\u957f\u5f17\u5170\u8328\u00b7\u54c8\u5c14\u5fb7\u5927\u5c06\uff08Franz Halder\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4efd\u8ba1\u5212\u9884\u8ba1\u4fb5\u82cf\u90e8\u961f\u6709\u671b\u57287\u670815\u65e5\u62b5\u8fbe\u57fa\u8f85-\u65af\u6469\u68f1\u65af\u514b\uff08Kiev-Smolensk\uff09\u4e00\u7ebf\uff0c\u5c4a\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u524d\u7ebf\u64a4\u56de\u5175\u529b\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u653b\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u65e5\u671f\u5b9a\u4e8e10\u670815\u65e5\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u83f2\u5229\u514b\u65af-\u6d77\u56e0\u91cc\u5e0c\u201d\u8ba1\u5212\u57fa\u672c\u6cbf\u88ad\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u652f\u63f4\u90e8\u961f\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u6240\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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1941\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u53c8\u62df\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u4ee3\u53f7\u201c\u4f0a\u838e\u8d1d\u62c9\u201d\uff08Operation Isabella\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u6218\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u5728\u76df\u519b\u767b\u9646\u4f0a\u6bd4\u5229\u4e9a\u534a\u5c9b\uff08Iberian Peninsula\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u51fa\u5175\u5360\u9886\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u3001\u8461\u8404\u7259\u548c\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e9a\u901f\u5c14\u7fa4\u5c9b\u3001\u4f5b\u5f97\u89d2\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff08Cape Verde Islands\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cd5\u5c5e\u897f\u975e\u7684\u8fbe\u5580\u5c14\u6e2f\uff08Dakar\uff09\u4e5f\u88ab\u5217\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8fd9\u4efd\u8ba1\u5212\u65e8\u5728\u534f\u52a9\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u62b5\u5fa1\u76df\u519b\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\u3002\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u57285\u6708\u6279\u51c6\u4e86\u8fd9\u9879\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ece\u672a\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u4f0a\u838e\u8d1d\u62c9\u201d\u884c\u52a8\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u57281942\u5e745\u6708\u884d\u751f\u4e3a\u201c\u4f0a\u6d1b\u5a1c\u201d\u884c\u52a8\uff08Operation Ilona\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u610f\u56fe\u662f\u65e0\u89c6\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u4e2d\u7acb\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c06\u6d3e\u51fa10\u4e2a\u5e08\u8fdb\u5360\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u5df4\u585e\u7f57\u90a3\uff08Barcelona\uff09\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u897f\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u8428\u62c9\u66fc\u5361\uff08Salamanca\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53cd\u51fb\u76df\u519b\u4ece\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u65b9\u5411\u6216\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u65b9\u5411\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u603b\u53c2\u8c0b\u90e8\u5bf9\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u4f5c\u6218\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u52301944\u5e74\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6700\u521d\u7684\u201c\u83f2\u5229\u514b\u65af\u201d\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u540e\u6765\u7684\u201c\u4f0a\u6d1b\u5a1c\u201d\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5168\u90fd\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u6863\u6848\u67dc\u91cc\u6162\u6162\u53d8\u9ec4\u8499\u7070\u7684\u5e9f\u7eb8\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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