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\u6765\u6e90: \u5d0e\u5cfb\u519b\u53f2\u5468\u520a<\/p>\n

\u524d\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n

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1914\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u5f53\u82f1\u56fd\u8fdc\u5f81\u519b\uff08British Expeditionary Force\uff09\u5728\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u77ed\u5175\u76f8\u63a5\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u80cc\u540e\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u81f4\u6b7b\u7684\u4e25\u5211\u5cfb\u6cd5\u5728\u7763\u4fc3\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\uff1a\u53db\u53d8\u3001\u80c6\u602f\u3001\u81ea\u6b8b\u3001\u6297\u547d\u3001\u9003\u4ea1\u3001\u5728\u54e8\u4f4d\u4e0a\u7761\u89c9\u6216\u9157\u9152\u3001\u6bb4\u6253\u519b\u5b98\u3001\u5728\u654c\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u4e22\u5f03\u6b66\u5668\u3001\u65e0\u4ee4\u8131\u5c97\u3001\u653e\u5f03\u9635\u5730\u3001\u5e2e\u52a9\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6328\u4e0a\u81ea\u5df1\u4eba\u7684\u5b50\u5f39\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u519b\u6cd5\u51b7\u9177<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u67aa\u4e0b\u51e0\u7f15\u5b64\u9b42\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

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1914\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u8fd9\u540d\u58eb\u5175\u8eab\u5904\u4e8e\u524d\u7ebf\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u88ab\u654c\u519b\u70ae\u706b\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u6218\u58d5\u4e2d\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u679a\u70ae\u5f39\u5728\u4ed6\u9644\u8fd1\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u4ed6\u76842\u540d\u540c\u888d\u8d1f\u4f24\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u5e78\u8fd0\u5730\u6beb\u53d1\u65e0\u635f\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u5374\u8f6c\u8eab\u8131\u79bb\u6218\u58d5\u5411\u540e\u65b9\u9003\u8dd1\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u519b\u58eb\u957f\u95ee\u4ed6\u8981\u53bb\u54ea\uff0c\u4ed6\u8c0e\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u8d1f\u4f24\u4e86\u3002\u76f4\u52306\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u624d\u5f52\u961f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540e\u6765\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u505a\u51fa\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002\u4ed6\u6240\u5728\u519b\u7684\u519b\u957f\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u00b7\u9ed1\u683c\uff08Douglas Haig\uff09\u5efa\u8bae\u6267\u884c\u6b7b\u5211\uff0c\u4ee5\u6811\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u9762\u5bf9\u654c\u4eba\u65f6\u80c6\u5c0f\u602f\u61e6\u7684\u4e0b\u573a\u201d\u7684\u5178\u578b\u3002\u4e0e\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u82f1\u519b\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9ed1\u683c\u5c06\u519b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u884c\u5f84\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u5389\u5904\u7f5a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u5c31\u5728\u65e0\u5f62\u4e2d\u9f13\u52b1\u522b\u4eba\u6709\u6837\u5b66\u6837\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u7684\u519b\u7eaa\u5c31\u4f1a\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65e0\u72ec\u6709\u5076\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u51c6\u5c06\u5965\u5510\u7eb3\uff08H O\u2019Donnell\uff09\u5728\u5bf9\u4e0e\u4e4b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e24\u8d77\u6b7b\u5211\u5224\u51b3\u63d0\u51fa\u610f\u89c1\u65f6\u4e5f\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed9\u8425\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6811\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u2018\u699c\u6837\u2019\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5224\u51b3\u5f88\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u201d\u2014\u2014\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6b64\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u62a5\u4ee5\u6000\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u62a4\u519b\u7eaa\u5c0a\u4e25\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u519b\u5b98\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u5413\u552c\u7334\u5b50\u800c\u88ab\u6740\u6389\u7684\u90a3\u53ea\u9e21\u3002\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u57281916\u5e7411\u6708\u8fdb\u653b\u535a\u5e93\u5c14\uff08Beaucourt\uff09\u65f6\u5f00\u5c0f\u5dee\u9003\u8dd1\u7684\u82f1\u519b\u57c3\u5fb7\u6e29\u00b7\u6234\u7279\u5c11\u5c09\uff08Edwin Dyett\uff09\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e73\u606f\u519b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u519b\u5b98\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u7c7b\u7f6a\u540d\u88ab\u67aa\u6bd9\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u58eb\u5175\u2014\u2014\u4ec5\u67092\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25a0 \u4e0a\u56fe\u662f1916\u5e74\u5728\u535a\u5e93\u5c14\u4e4b\u6218\u4e2d\u8fdd\u72af\u519b\u6cd5\u800c\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\u7684\u57c3\u5fb7\u6e29\u00b7\u6234\u7279\u5c11\u5c09\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u6218\u4e2d\u88ab\u67aa\u51b3\u7684\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u519b\u5b98\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6a61\u76ae\u56fe\u7ae0\u6cd5\u5ead\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u519b\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5ead\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u519b\u4e8b\u9700\u6c42\u4fbf\u4e0d\u52a0\u5ba1\u67e5\u5730\u5224\u5904\u6b7b\u5211\u30021915\u5e741\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u7b2c585\u53f7\u5e38\u89c4\u4ee4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6709\u5145\u5206\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\u88ab\u544a\u65e0\u8f9c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u88ab\u544a\u90fd\u88ab\u9884\u5148\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u7f6a\u3002\u5373\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e0\u7f6a\u63a8\u5b9a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

1916\u5e74\u590f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6218\u4e89\u8fdb\u5165\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u6240\u6709\u4e0a\u5c09\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u519b\u5b98\u90fd\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u88ab\u6307\u63a7\u201c\u602f\u61e6\u80c6\u5c0f\u201d\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u90fd\u8981\u5224\u5904\u6b7b\u5211\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u6709\u533b\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e5f\u5f97\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u519b\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5ead\u5e76\u4e0d\u53bb\u5173\u6ce8\u58eb\u5175\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u5c65\u884c\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u53bb\u8003\u8651\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u533b\u7597\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u53ea\u770b\u5176\u662f\u5426\u8fdd\u72af\u519b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25a0 \u4e0a\u56fe\u662f1916\u5e748\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u5e74\u4ec519\u5c81\u7684\u82f1\u519b\u4e8c\u7b49\u5175\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u73ed\u5185\u7279\u4ed6\uff08John Bennett\uff09\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u80c6\u5c0f\u602f\u61e6\u201d\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u88ab\u67aa\u51b3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ec5\u53c2\u519b6\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u505a\u505a\u6837\u5b50\u7684\u5904\u51b3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65c1\u8fb9\u7684\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f02\u5e38\u8f7b\u677e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u8fd8\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u30021915\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u8fc8\u5c14\u65af\u535a\u58eb\uff08Charles Myers\uff09\u5728\u516c\u5f00\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u520a\u7269\u4e0a\u9996\u6b21\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u201c\u5f39\u9707\u75c7\u201d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fc3\u7406\u75be\u75c5\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u521b\u4f24\u540e\u5fc3\u7406\u538b\u529b\u7d27\u5f20\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u201d\uff08PTSD\uff09\u2014\u2014\u81f3\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u4e2d\u67098\u4e07\u4f8b\u56e0\u6b64\u75c7\u800c\u6b7b\u7684\u75c5\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9664\u53bb\u6700\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5f88\u96be\u8bc1\u660e\u4e00\u540d\u58eb\u5175\u60a3\u6709\u6b64\u75c7\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u61e6\u592b\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u627e\u7684\u501f\u53e3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u51b7\u6f20\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5f88\u591a\u519b\u533b\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u82f1\u519b\u519b\u533b\u66fe\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u53bb\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u5ba1\u8baf\uff0c\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4e3a\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u6068\u4ed6\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u6211\u8877\u5fc3\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u6328\u67aa\u5b50\u513f\u3002\u201d\u53e6\u4e00\u540d\u9ad8\u519b\u8854\u7684\u519b\u533b\u4e5f\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u628a\u6050\u60e7\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\u4e88\u4ee5\u5f00\u8131\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u201c\u514d\u6b7b\u91d1\u724c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25a0 \u4e0a\u56fe\u662f1917\u5e74\u5728\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u4f0a\u666e\u5c14\uff08Ypres\uff09\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u524d\u7ebf\u6025\u6551\u7ad9\u91cc\u7684\u6fb3\u519b\u4f24\u5458\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2\u90a3\u540d\u76ee\u5149\u832b\u7136\u7684\u4f24\u5175\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u201c\u5f39\u9707\u75c7\u201d\u60a3\u8005\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd9\u79cd\u75c7\u72b6\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e3a\u519b\u961f\u6240\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u786e\u8bca\uff0c\u60a3\u4e0a\u6b64\u75c7\u72b6\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u4ee5\u80c6\u5c0f\u907f\u6218\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u53d7\u519b\u6cd5\u60e9\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6740\u9e21\u80fd\u5426\u9a87\u7334\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b7b\u5211\u7684\u9707\u6151\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u610f\u89c1\u4e0d\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e00\u6218\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u4ece\u672a\u88ab\u6253\u8d25\u8fc7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6218\u6597\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u606f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f15\u7528\u5df1\u65b9\u519b\u5b98\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u519b\u6cd5\u4e25\u9177\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u987d\u5f3a\u575a\u97e7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u4e0e\u82f1\u519b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6cd5\u519b\u5219\u8981\u900a\u8272\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u6cd5\u519b\u5728\u4e00\u6218\u4e2d\u540c\u6837\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e25\u9177\u519b\u6cd5\uff0c\u88ab\u519b\u6cd5\u5904\u51b3\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u82f1\u519b\u7684\u4e24\u500d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u963b\u6b62\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u57281917\u5e74\u6625\u5929\u65f6\u641e\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5927\u5175\u53d8\uff1b\u610f\u5927\u5229\u519b\u4e2d\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u4e5f\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e0d\u76f8\u4e0a\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u80fd\u963b\u6b62\u610f\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u9003\u4ea1\u7684\u98ce\u6f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u610f\u519b\u57281917\u5e7410\u6708\u7684\u5361\u6ce2\u96f7\u6258\u6218\u5f79\uff08Battle of Caporetto\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u6e83\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25a0 \u4e0a\u56fe\u662f1917\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u610f\u5927\u5229\u58eb\u5175\u7ad9\u5728\u4e00\u540d\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\u7684\u540c\u888d\u9762\u524d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e8c\u6218\u4e2d\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u57281939-1945\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u6ca1\u6709\u58eb\u5175\u6b7b\u4e8e\u519b\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f46\u57286\u5e74\u7684\u6218\u4e8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u652f\u5f81\u52df\u800c\u6765\u7684\u519b\u961f\u5373\u4fbf\u6ca1\u6709\u4e25\u9177\u519b\u6cd5\u7684\u7ef4\u6301\uff0c\u4f9d\u65e7\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u5fe0\u8bda\u548c\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u6218\u82f1\u519b\u5185\u90e8\u4e25\u9177\u7684\u519b\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u5212\u5206\u548c\u504f\u89c1\u3002\u57281914\u5e74\u65f6\uff0c\u82f1\u519b\u7684\u519b\u5b98\u9636\u5c42\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u7d20\u8d28\u6301\u4ee5\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u9636\u7ea7\u90fd\u88ab\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u6240\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u56fd\u9645\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u60f3\u800c\u65e0\u5bb6\u56fd\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u4e5f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d2b\u6c11\u7a9f\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u800c\u7fb8\u5f31\u4e0d\u582a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4e25\u9177\u7684\u519b\u6cd5\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u519b\u7eaa\u548c\u6218\u6597\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u795e\u7ecf\u75c5\u72af\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0e\u6c11\u540c\u7f6a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u82f1\u519b\u7684\u666e\u904d\u770b\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u95ee\u9898\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u30021916\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u4e00\u4f8b\u88ab\u5904\u6b7b\u7684\u82f1\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u6070\u597d\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a\u8fd9\u540d\u9a7b\u624e\u4e8e\u540e\u65b9\u7684\u975e\u6218\u6597\u4eba\u5458\u5c04\u6740\u4e86\u540c\u5c4b\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u6218\u53cb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u68c0\u65b9\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fdd\u6cd5\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4ed6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u4e8b\u5148\u9884\u8c0b\u4e0d\u8f68\u2014\u2014\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u8c0b\u6740\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff1b\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u6b64\u6848\u505a\u51fa\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6761\u6587\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6f84\u6e05\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u544a\u77e5\u6cd5\u5ead\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u88ab\u5173\u5728\u4e00\u95f4\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u9662\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6cd5\u5ead\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8003\u8651\u68c0\u67e5\u4ed6\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5224\u5904\u4ed6\u6b7b\u5211\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u91cc\uff0c\u53c8\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6848\u4ef6\uff1a\u4e00\u540d\u4e0b\u4e86\u5c97\u7684\u82f1\u519b\u4e0b\u58eb\u9152\u540e\u5c04\u6740\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u4e00\u7b49\u5175\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u76ee\u51fb\u8005\u5bf9\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u63d0\u51fa\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u573a\u5408\u90fd\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u519b\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5ead\u5728\u5224\u5904\u4ed6\u6b7b\u5211\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5bfb\u6c42\u533b\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57281916\u5e74\u7684\u7d22\u59c6\u6cb3\u6218\u5f79\uff08Battle of the Somme\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u95f4\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u670923\u540d\u82f1\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u56e0\u4e3a\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u88ab\u67aa\u6bd9\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4e00\u540d21\u5c81\u7684\u4f26\u6566\u4ed4\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u519b\u5b98\u58f0\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u5a03\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u6cd5\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u4e00\u95f4\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u9662\u91cc\u88ab\u7f1d\u4e0a\u5634\u3002\u201d\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u519b\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5ead\u5728\u5224\u5904\u4ed6\u6b7b\u5211\u524d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u533b\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25a0 \u4e0a\u56fe\u662f1917\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u5f39\u9707\u75c7\u201d\u800c\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u82f1\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u533b\u9662\uff08Royal Victoria Hospital\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c18\u540d\u60a3\u6709\u201c\u5f39\u9707\u75c7\u201d\u7684\u82f1\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u75db\u82e6\u800c\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u4e3e\u6b62\uff0c\u53ca\u63a5\u53d7\u9646\u519b\u7687\u5bb6\u533b\u7597\u961f\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u524d\u7ebf\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u8868\u73b0\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u8d77\u766b\u6765\uff0c\u4f1a\u5371\u53ca\u6218\u53cb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52c7\u58eb\u4e00\u6837\u6328\u67aa\u5b50<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u540c\u6837\u4ee4\u4eba\u62c5\u5fe7\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u52c7\u6562\u7684\u6218\u58eb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u65e0\u754f\u7684\u52c7\u6c14\u6218\u6597\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6218\u6597\u610f\u5fd7\u5728\u65e0\u6cd5\u5fcd\u53d7\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57281916\u5e74\u7684\u6700\u540e\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u91cc\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8fdc\u5f81\u519b\u4e2d\u670924\u4e2a\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u4fbf\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u957f\u671f\u670d\u5f79\u7684\u8001\u5175\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u660e\u663e\u53d7\u5230\u6218\u4e89\u521b\u4f24\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u800c\u75db\u82e6\u4e0d\u582a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u88ab\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0a\u7ea7\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u56e2\u91cc\u6700\u597d\u7684\u58eb\u5175\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e3e\u6b62\u6781\u4e3a\u7aef\u6b63\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u65e0\u53ef\u6311\u5254\u3002\u57281915\u5e7412\u6708\u7684\u6218\u4e8b\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e00\u679a\u70ae\u5f39\u5728\u4ed6\u773c\u524d\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u88ab\u70b8\u6b7b\u7684\u6218\u53cb\u7684\u8111\u6d46\u98de\u6e85\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e00\u8138\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3e\u6b62\u660e\u663e\u53d1\u751f\u6076\u52a3\u53d8\u5316\uff0c5\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u505a\u4e86\u9003\u5175\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u88ab\u5224\u5904\u6b7b\u5211\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6d1b\u5fb7\u00b7\u83ab\u5170\uff08Lord Moran\uff09\u5728\u300a\u89e3\u5256\u52c7\u6c14\uff1a\u4e00\u6218\u6218\u4e89\u5fc3\u7406\u5f71\u54cd\u5178\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bd5\u56fe\u5bf9\u58eb\u5175\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u505a\u51fa\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u52c7\u6c14\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u201c\u5546\u54c1\u201d\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5316\u4e3a\u4e4c\u6709\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5\u4e24\u5e74\u534a\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u8fdc\u5f81\u519b\u6b65\u5175\u8425\u533b\u52a1\u5b98\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u52c7\u6c14\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u5fd7\u529b\uff0c\u7a76\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u201c\u65e0\u9650\u7eed\u676f\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u4f24\u53e3\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u538b\u57ae\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6839\u7a3b\u8349\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u58eb\u5175\u5728\u8d1f\u4f24\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u51e0\u7387\u53d8\u5f97\u683c\u5916\u654f\u9510\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u76f4\u7ebf\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u519b\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u533b\u9662\u56de\u5230\u524d\u7ebf\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u6bd4\u7387\u505a\u9003\u5175\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u25a0 \u4e0a\u56fe\u662f1916\u5e74\u7d22\u59c6\u6cb3\u6218\u5f79\u671f\u95f4\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u6218\u573a\u3002\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8eab\u5904\u8fd9\u79cd\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u58eb\u5175\u4eec\u7684\u52c7\u6c14\u548c\u610f\u5fd7\u5f88\u5feb\u4f1a\u6d88\u706d\u6b86\u5c3d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u52c7\u6c14\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7531\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u538b\u529b\u800c\u9010\u6e10\u6d88\u7aed\u3002\u7206\u70b8\u3001\u65e5\u6652\u96e8\u6dcb\u3001\u9965\u997f\u3001\u7f3a\u5c11\u7761\u7720\u3001\u5c0f\u6bdb\u5c0f\u75c5\u3001\u5bf9\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u62c5\u5fc3\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u6d88\u8017\u4e00\u540d\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u52c7\u6c14\u3002\u83ab\u5170\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u52c7\u6c14\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u201c\u9650\u989d\u914d\u7f6e\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u8017\u5c3d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u5c31\u4f1a\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n

\u652f\u6491\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u660e\u663e\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f1917\u5e74\u4e00\u540d\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f00\u5c0f\u5dee\u800c\u88ab\u67aa\u6bd9\u7684\u82f1\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u540d\u58eb\u5175\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u62b5\u8fbe\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u8fdc\u5f81\u519b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u4e00\u76f4\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5927\u65e0\u754f\u7684\u52c7\u6c14\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8d1f\u4f24\u5e76\u8eba\u5728\u65e0\u4eba\u533a\u9971\u53d75\u65e55\u591c\u7684\u714e\u71ac\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eff\u4f5b\u53d8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5411\u519b\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5ead\u9648\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u795e\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u5d29\u6e83\u4e86\u3002\u201d\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u826f\u597d\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06\u4ed6\u4ece\u884c\u5211\u961f\u7684\u67aa\u4e0b\u62ef\u6551\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u4f26\u6566\u56fd\u738b\u5b66\u9662\uff08King\u2019s College\uff09\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\u7235\u58eb\uff08Lawrence Freedman\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u80cc\u666f\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff1a\u5c06\u519b\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u670d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u53bb\u6b7b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u6240\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u540e\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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