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\u4ece\u300a\u666e\u901a\u5b66\u6821\u89c4\u7ae0\u300b\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u65e0\u5916\u4e4e\u80cc\u8bf5\u3001\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u6284\u5199\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u201c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u8a00\u8f9e\u201d\uff0c\u518d\u4f9d\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u52a0\u4e9b\u5fc5\u8981\u548c\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5730\u7406\u3001\u6c11\u6cd5\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u5bb6\u957f\u8981\u6c42\u7559\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u590f\u5929\u7167\u770b\u725b\u7fa4\u800c\u4e0d\u9001\u4ed6\u4eec\u5165\u5b66\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u5927\u5e1d\u8981\u6c42\u5404\u57ce\u9547\u548c\u6751\u793e\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5f53\u5730\u884c\u653f\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u6cd5\u5b98\u5e94\u76d1\u7763\u4ed6\u4eec\u96c7\u4f63\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u7267\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u4f7f\u513f\u7ae5\u56e0\u6b64\u8f8d\u5b66\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u4e0a\u8bfe\u65f6\u95f4\u591a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u51ac\u5b63\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u51ac\u5b63\u4ea4\u7684\u5b66\u8d39\u4e5f\u8981\u6bd4\u590f\u5b63\u591a\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u91d1\u989d\u89c6\u5176\u5b66\u4e60\u60c5\u51b5\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u5b66\u4f1a\u9605\u8bfb\u4e4b\u524d\u6bcf\u5468\u4ea46\u4fbf\u58eb\uff1b\u5b66\u4f1a\u9605\u8bfb\u540e\uff0c9\u4fbf\u58eb\uff1b\u5b66\u4f1a\u5199\u4f5c\u548c\u9605\u8bfb\u540e\uff0c12\u4fbf\u58eb\u3002\u513f\u7ae5\u7f3a\u5e2d\u7684\u7f5a\u6b3e\u5145\u4f5c\u5b66\u6821\u7ecf\u8d39\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u5de5\u8d44\u7531\u5b66\u6821\u6536\u53d6\u5b66\u8d39\u652f\u4ed8\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u6559\u5e08\u5bbf\u820d\u7684\u7ef4\u4fee\u8d39\u5219\u7531\u6559\u533a\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6559\u58eb\u8d1f\u6709\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u5916\uff0c\u5404\u533a\u6559\u80b2\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u548c\u89c6\u5bdf\u5458\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e5f\u8981\u5c31\u89c6\u5bdf\u60c5\u51b5\u64b0\u5199\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u201c\u5448\u9001\u672c\u5e02\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b97\u6559\u6cd5\u5ead\u5ba1\u9605\u5e76\u52a0\u4ee5\u9002\u5f53\u5904\u7406\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u589e\u52a0\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u662f\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u738b\u56fd\u4e3a\u4e89\u593a\u6559\u80b2\u6743\u8fc8\u51fa\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u6b65\u30021787\u5e74\uff0c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u4e2d\u592e\u7ba1\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u4ee3\u66ff\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6cd5\u5ead\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u738b\u56fd\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u6821\u30021794\u5e74\uff0c\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u5927\u5e1d\u5728\u300a\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u6c11\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\u4e2d\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u201c\u51e1\u666e\u901a\u5b66\u6821\u4e0e\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba4\u53ef\u548c\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5f00\u529e\u5b66\u6821\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6240\u6709\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u63a5\u53d7\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u8003\u6838\u548c\u68c0\u67e5\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

1794\u5e74\u6cd5\u4ee4\u56e0\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\uff0c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u4e16\u4fd7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u201c\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u201d\u3002\u523018\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u521d\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3002\u4f46\u50e7\u4fa3\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u59d4\u6258\u4e0b\u4ecd\u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u540d\u4e49\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u9650\u5ea6\u5185\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b66\u6821\u884c\u4f7f\u7ba1\u7406\u6743\u3002\u800c\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u5219\u662f19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u4e3a\u5f3a\u8feb\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e00\u4e16\u53ca\u513f\u5b50\u63a5\u8fde\u9881\u5e03\u591a\u6761\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u6050\u6015\u4e0d\u5c3d\u5982\u5f53\u653f\u8005\u610f\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d2b\u56f0\u662f\u9996\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5bb6\u957f\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u53bb\u4e0a6\u81f38\u5e74\u7684\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u767d\u767d\u628a\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u9001\u8d70\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u5165\u5b66\u7684\u519c\u6751\u5c0f\u5b69\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u51ac\u5929\u519c\u95f2\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u5230\u6821\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u5b66\u6821\u89c4\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8bfe\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba4\u771f\u5b9e\u884c\uff0c\u9051\u8bba\u6309\u89c4\u7ae0\u53bb\u5f81\u6536\u7f3a\u8bfe\u7f5a\u91d1\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u91cd\u5efa\u5c0f\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb<\/strong><\/p>\n

1807\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u5927\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c06\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u5e26\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\u5f15\u5411\u4e86\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b9e\u7528\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u91cd\u89c6\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\u6b63\u8f68\u4e0a\u3002\u5b83\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u571f\u58e4\u662f\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u540e\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u56fd\u6c11\u6559\u80b2\u601d\u6f6e\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u539f\u56e0\u662f1806\u5e74\u8036\u62ff\u6218\u5f79\u4e2d\uff0c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u56fd\u738b\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e09\u4e16\u5e26\u9886\u7684\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u4e0d\u654c\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u7387\u9886\u7684\u6cd5\u519b\uff0c\u60e8\u8d25\u6536\u573a\u3002\u968f\u540e\u4e8e1807\u5e74\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u300a\u63d0\u5c14\u897f\u7279\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u635f\u5931\u4e86\u8fd1\u534a\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u7edf\u6cbb\u76841000\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u8db3500\u4e07\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u65b0\u7684\u56fd\u754c\u5185\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5272\u8ba9\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u7701\u4efd\u90fd\u662f\u80a5\u6c83\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u7a0e\u6536\u6025\u5267\u4e0b\u964d\u30021\u4ebf\u5de8\u989d\u8d54\u6b3e\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f29\u51cf\u52304\u4e07\u7684\u519b\u961f\u89c4\u6a21\u4f7f\u6ca6\u4e3a\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u5e1d\u56fd\u9644\u5eb8\u7684\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b8c\u5168\u9677\u4e8e\u5d29\u6e83\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u5982\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e09\u4e16\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u5b83\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6765\u5f25\u8865\u5b83\u7269\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u635f\u5931\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7a77\u56f0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u529e\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u6211\u8fd8\u4ece\u672a\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u529e\u6559\u80b2\u800c\u529e\u7a77\u4e86\u7684\uff0c\u529e\u4ea1\u56fd\u4e86\u7684\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d2b\u7a77\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u6446\u8131\u8d2b\u56f0\u7684\u6700\u597d\u624b\u6bb5\uff01\u201d\u6c99\u6069\u970d\u65af\u7279\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u8981\u60f3\u53d6\u5f97\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u9886\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u9996\u5148\u8981\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u9886\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6709\u4eba\u63cf\u8ff0\u8d39\u5e0c\u7279\u7684\u8bb2\u6f14\u4f7f\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u4eba\u6c11\u201c\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u4ee5\u6765\u4ece\u672a\u7ecf\u53d7\u8fc7\u7684\u9707\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u4e49\u52a1\u6559\u80b2\u6210\u4e3a\u62ef\u6551\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e8e\u5f02\u65cf\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u65e0\u654c\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5229\u5668\u3002\u8036\u62ff\u6218\u540e\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u63a8\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5e9f\u6b62\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u519c\u5974\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u571f\u5730\u81ea\u7531\u4e70\u5356\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u4eba\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5524\u9192\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u6539\u7ec4\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u6d2a\u58211809\u5e74\u53d7\u547d\u8d1f\u8d23\u201c\u6587\u5316\u548c\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u201d\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5728\u804c\u4ec5\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\u5374\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u672a\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u6559\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5c31\u521d\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6d2a\u5821\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u9879\u7a81\u51fa\u6027\u6539\u9769\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u5728\u5c0f\u5b66\u9010\u6b65\u63a8\u884c\u88f4\u65af\u6cf0\u6d1b\u9f50\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u201c\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u59cb\u7ec8\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u6b63\u5728\u542c\u5230\u7684\u3001\u8bf4\u7684\u3001\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u522b\u6837\u7684\u201d\uff1b\u4e8c\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5e08\u8303\u6559\u80b2\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u4e3a\u4e86\u91cd\u5efa\u5c0f\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u53f8\u66fe\u4e24\u6b21\u6d3e\u9063\u9752\u5e74\u6559\u5e08\u53bb\u745e\u58eb\u5b66\u4e60\u88f4\u65af\u6cf0\u6d1b\u9f50\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c1815-1840\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u88f4\u65af\u6cf0\u6d1b\u9f50\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u53c8\u6309\u7167\u4ed6\u7684\u539f\u5219\u5174\u5efa\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6240\u5e08\u8d44\u57f9\u8bad\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u521d\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u5e08\u8d44\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u5f97\u5230\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6709\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c1816\u5e74\uff0c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u5171\u670920345\u6240\u5c0f\u5b66\uff0c\u914d\u5907\u6559\u5e0821766\u4eba\uff0c\u5b66\u9f84\u513f\u7ae5\u5165\u5b66\u7387\u4e3a60%\uff0c30\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u7c7b\u5c0f\u5b66\u8fbe\u523024044\u6240\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u589e\u81f327770\u4eba\uff0c1848\u5e74\u7684\u5165\u5b66\u7387\u8fbe\u523082%\u3002<\/p>\n

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