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1966\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u201c\u4e00\u6218\u201d\u8001\u5175\u96c5\u514b\u00b7\u6885\u8036\uff08Jacques Meyer\uff09\u7ed3\u5408\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ecf\u5386\u3001\u4f9d\u6258\u6218\u65f6\u6cd5\u56fd\u62a5\u520a\u3001\u58eb\u5175\u6218\u540e\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u53ca\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u7b49\u5199\u6210\u300a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\uff081914-1918\uff09\u300b\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u6218\u58d5\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u662f\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u7c7b\u578b\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u540c\u7518\u82e6\u3001\u5171\u751f\u6b7b\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u7cbe\u795e\u519b\u670d\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u575a\u5f3a\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u201c\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c01\u95ed\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u4e16\u9694\u7edd\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u7740\u5343\u4e1d\u4e07\u7f15\u7684\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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1992\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u53f2\u5bb6\u65af\u7279\u51e1\u7eb3\u00b7\u5965\u675c\u56e0-\u5362\u4f50\uff08St\u00e9phane Audoin-Rouzeau\uff09\u5728\u300a\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u58eb\u5175\uff0c1914-1918\uff1a\u6cd5\u56fd\u201c\u4e00\u6218\u201d\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u5811\u58d5\u62a5\u7eb8\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u957f\u4e45\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e66\u5199\u81ea\u8eab\u6218\u4e89\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u8001\u5175\u90fd\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u6210\u529f\u4eba\u58eb\u6216\u8005\u6709\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5b58\u5728\u626d\u66f2\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u6218\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u201c\u552f\u4e00\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u201d\uff08the only true historians\uff09\u2026\u2026\u5e94\u8be5\u8f6c\u5411\u6765\u81ea\u57ce\u4e61\u666e\u901a\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u8001\u5175\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4eba\u6570\u4f17\u591a\u5374\u53c8\u9c9c\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u3002\u4ed6\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u89c6\u5811\u58d5\u671f\u520a\u7684\u53f2\u6599\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u6cd5\u519b\u5b98\u5175\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u60c5\u4e49\u3001\u9053\u5fb7\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u60c5\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u745e\u5178\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u82f1\u683c\u6717\uff08Peter Englund\uff09\u7684\u300a\u7f8e\u4e3d\u4e0e\u54c0\u6101\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e2a\u4eba\u53f2\u300b\u5173\u6ce8\u201c\u4e00\u6218\u201d\u666e\u901a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u201c\u611f\u53d7\u3001\u5370\u8c61\u3001\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e0e\u60c5\u611f\u201d\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u89e3\u6784\u8fd9\u8d77\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5316\u7ea6\u81f3\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u6210\u5143\u7d20\u2014\u2014\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u4ed6\u627e\u523020\u4f4d\u6218\u4e89\u4eb2\u5386\u8005\u7684\u65e5\u8bb0\u3001\u4e66\u4fe1\u548c\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u7b49\u6750\u6599\u5e76\u91cd\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u7ecf\u5386\u5448\u73b0\u201c\u4e00\u6218\u201d\u7684\u591a\u5143\u9762\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\/\u300a\u7f8e\u4e3d\u4e0e\u54c0\u6101\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e2a\u4eba\u53f2\u300b<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u519b\u4e8b\u53f2\u5728\u53f2\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u519b\u4e8b\u53f2\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6709\u76ca\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u7ebf\u5b98\u5175\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5883\u9047\u4ecd\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u76f4\u63a5\u5c55\u73b0\u3002\u73af\u5883\u53f2\u5b66\u8005\u591a\u841d\u897f\u00b7\u5e03\u5170\u8328\uff08Dorothee Brantz\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u65af\u7279\u51e1\u7eb3\u00b7\u5965\u675c\u56e0-\u5362\u4f50\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5de8\u7ec6\u9761\u9057\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5811\u58d5\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u6f14\u7269\u8d28\u635f\u8017\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u6467\u6b8b\u620f\u5267\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u5e03\u666f\uff1b\u5811\u58d5\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u519b\u4eba\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u519b\u4e8b\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0e\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u5811\u58d5\u73af\u5883\u5728\u5b98\u5175\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5411\u4e0b\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u5b58\u6839\u57fa\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53f2\u89c6\u91ce\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53cc\u5411\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53f2\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8865\u5145\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u519b\u4e8b\u53f2\u548c\u65b0\u519b\u4e8b\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b8c\u6574\u91cd\u73b0\u201c\u4e00\u6218\u201d\u53f2\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u591a\u841d\u897f\u00b7\u5e03\u5170\u8328\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u8001\u9f20\u4f20\u64ad\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e38\u8bc6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u53ea\u6709\u5be5\u5be5\u6570\u8bed\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u9f20\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u548c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4ece\u9a6c\u6069\u6cb3\u5317\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u5811\u58d5\u4fee\u7b51\u7684\u90a3\u5929\u8d77\uff0c\u8001\u9f20\u4fbf\u6210\u4e3a\u524d\u7ebf\u5b98\u5175\u751f\u5b58\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4eba\u4e0e\u9f20\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4ece\u672a\u5982\u6b64\u5c01\u95ed\u5730\u8fd1\u8ddd\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u5811\u58d5\u671f\u520a\u548c\u90e8\u961f\u6742\u5fd7\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e0e\u8001\u9f20\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u5c0f\u54c1\u3001\u6f2b\u753b\u548c\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8001\u9f20\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u6001\u5ea6\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\uff1a\u5811\u58d5\u4fee\u7b51\u2014\u4eba\u9f20\u76f8\u9047\u2014\u9f20\u9a9a\u6270\u4eba\u2014\u4eba\u6355\u706d\u9f20\u2014\u4e0e\u9f20\u76f8\u5b89\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u6f14\u53d8\u662f\u4eba\u9f20\u4e4b\u95f4\u6301\u7eed\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u2014\u2014\u5728\u897f\u7ebf\u904d\u5e03\u5811\u58d5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u805a\u5c45\u4e8e\u7530\u91ce\u91cc\u7684\u7530\u9f20\u559c\u98df\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u5927\u5371\u5bb3\uff1b\u5811\u58d5\u5927\u6279\u51fa\u73b0\u540e\uff0c\u4f53\u5927\u4e14\u6742\u98df\u7684\u8910\u5bb6\u9f20\u53d6\u4ee3\u7530\u9f20\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u58eb\u5175\u5811\u58d5\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5927\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u706d\u9f20\u6210\u4e3a\u524d\u7ebf\u5b98\u5175\u7684\u81ea\u89c9\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u4eba\u6355\u706d\u9f20\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u6210\u6548\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u524d\u7ebf\u5b98\u5175\u9010\u6e10\u653e\u5f03\u5c06\u5811\u58d5\u9f20\u8d76\u5c3d\u6740\u7edd\u7684\u5ff5\u5934\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u63a5\u53d7\u73b0\u5b9e\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u9f20\u76f8\u5b89\uff0c\u8001\u9f20\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6218\u5730\u6587\u5316\u7b26\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u4eba\u9f20\u76f8\u9047<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u5811\u58d5\u6218\u7684\u5f00\u5c55\u4e3a\u4eba\u4e0e\u9f20\u7684\u76f8\u9047\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u5951\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5811\u58d5\u9f20\u7684\u7e41\u6b96\u80fd\u529b\u6781\u5f3a\u3002\u6b64\u79cd\u8001\u9f20\u4e00\u5e74\u7e41\u6b963-4\u6b21\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u751f\u4ea75-10\u53ea\u5e7c\u5d3d\uff0c\u5e7c\u5d3d4\u4e2a\u6708\u65f6\u4fbf\u5177\u5907\u7e41\u6b96\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4e00\u5bf9\u8001\u9f20\u4e00\u5e74\u80fd\u7e41\u6b96100\u591a\u53ea\u5e7c\u5d3d[17]\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5b98\u65b9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6355\u9f20\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u6355\u9f20\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u524a\u51cf\u8001\u9f20\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5811\u58d5\u5185\u9002\u5b9c\u8001\u9f20\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u5811\u58d5\u9f20\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u96be\u4ee5\u6839\u6cbb\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u56db\u3001\u4eba\u9f20\u76f8\u5b89<\/strong><\/p>\n

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