{"id":74602,"date":"2026-08-13T14:42:41","date_gmt":"2026-08-13T06:42:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=74602"},"modified":"2026-08-13T14:42:41","modified_gmt":"2026-08-13T06:42:41","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e5%a4%a7%e5%ae%aa%e7%ab%a0%e3%80%8b%e4%b8%8e%e8%8b%b1%e5%9b%bd%e7%8e%8b%e5%ae%a4%e7%9a%84%e8%b7%a8%e4%b8%96%e7%ba%aa%e5%8d%9a%e5%bc%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=74602","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u738b\u5ba4\u7684\u8de8\u4e16\u7eaa\u535a\u5f08"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6765\u6e90: \u817e\u8baf\u300a\u5927\u5bb6\u300b<\/p>\n

\u201c\u738b\u5728\u6cd5\u4e0b\u201d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8574\u542b\u7740\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u6700\u6839\u672c\u6027\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5373\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u56fd\u738b\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u653f\u515a\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u80fd\u8d85\u8d8a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u201cthe Rule of Law\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u5f00\u59cb\u840c\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u52301688\u5e74\u7684\u5149\u8363\u9769\u547d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5baa\u653f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u5efa\u6210\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5230\u4e8619\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5927\u7ea6\u53ea\u6709\u5360\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b2.5%\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u6709\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc719\u4e16\u7eaa30\uff5e50\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e09\u6b21\u5baa\u7ae0\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u52301884\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u624d\u6709\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u7684\u7537\u5b50\u6709\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u3002\u52301928\u5e74\uff0c21\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5987\u5973\u624d\u548c\u7537\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u6709\u6295\u7968\u6743\u3002\u52301966\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u624d\u670918\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u516c\u6c11\u666e\u9009\u5185\u9601\u9996\u76f8\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u5c31\u6b64\u800c\u8bba\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5236\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u624d\u6700\u7ec8\u7a33\u5b9a\u5730\u786e\u7acb\u4e0b\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u7684\u6839\u672c\u548c\u5960\u57fa\u6027\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u8f83\u65e9\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u539f\u5219\u3002\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u7b2c1\u6761\u5c31\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u201c\u82f1\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u5f53\u4eab\u6709\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5176\u6743\u5229\u5c06\u4e0d\u53d7\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u5176\u81ea\u7531\u5c06\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fb5\u72af\u201d\u3002\u7b2c13\u6761\u53c8\u627f\u8ba4\u4f26\u6566\u7b49\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u201c\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u4e60\u60ef\u201d\u3002\u7b2c63\u6761\u4e0d\u4f46\u91cd\u7533\u201c\u6559\u4f1a\u5e94\u4eab\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u627f\u8bfa\u201c\u82f1\u56fd\u81e3\u6c11\u53ca\u5176\u5b50\u5b59\u540e\u4ee3\u201d\u201c\u5145\u5206\u800c\u5168\u7136\u4eab\u53d7\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u6240\u8ff0\u5404\u9879\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6743\u5229\u4e0e\u7279\u6743\u201d\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u610f\u542b\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u4ea4\u7a0e\uff0c\u4f60\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u7531\u201d\uff0c\u4e14\u4ea4\u7a0e\u4e5f\u8981\u7ecf\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u610f\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u4e5f\u88ab\u5e7f\u4e3a\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u7684\u6839\u672c\u548c\u5960\u57fa\u6027\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u8f83\u65e9\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u201c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5728\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u768463\u4e2a\u6761\u6b3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u4e3a\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u666e\u904d\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u8d5e\u8a89\u7684\u662f\u7b2c39\u6761\uff1a\u201c\u4efb\u4f55\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u672a\u7ecf\u5176\u540c\u7ea7\u8d35\u65cf\u4e4b\u4f9d\u6cd5\u88c1\u5224\uff0c\u6216\u7ecf\u56fd\u6cd5\u5ba1\u5224\uff0c\u7686\u4e0d\u5f97\u88ab\u902e\u6355\uff0c\u76d1\u7981\uff0c\u6ca1\u6536\u5176\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u5265\u593a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u6743\uff0c\u6d41\u653e\uff0c\u6216\u52a0\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u635f\u5bb3\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u6b3e\u88ab\u4e16\u4eba\u79f0\u8a89\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u4e43\u81f3\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cd5\u6cbb\u548c\u5baa\u653f\u5236\u5ea6\u884d\u751f\u7684\u201c\u57fa\u56e0\u6027\u6761\u6b3e\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6709\u4eba\u5c06\u4e4b\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u66b4\u653f\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u4e0d\u516c\u7684\u5929\u654c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5929\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u521d\u6b65\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u7684\u7b7e\u7f72\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56de\u987e\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u81ea\u7136\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u541b\u738b\u6240\u81ea\u613f\u8d50\u4e88\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u5929\u4e0a\u6389\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u82f1\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u884c\u541b\u4e3b\u7acb\u5baa\u7684\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u7acb\u4e0b\u6765\u6cd5\u6cbb\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u57281215\u5e74\u7b7e\u8ba2\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u65b9\u529b\u91cf\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u6570\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u3001\u8c08\u5224\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u4e89\u6597\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u535a\u5f08\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u8fdb\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u540e\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u6f14\u53d8\u53f2\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57281215\u5e746\u670815\u65e5\uff08\u4e00\u8bf46\u670819\u65e5\uff09\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u7b7e\u7f72\u540e\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7acb\u523b\u53cd\u6094\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u53c8\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u5185\u6218\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u56e0\u75e2\u75be\uff08\u6216\u4e2d\u6bd2\uff09\u800c\u6b7b\u53bb\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u4ed69\u5c81\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u4ea8\u5229\u4e09\u4e16\uff08Henry III\uff09\u5373\u4f4d\u30021216\u5e7411\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u91cd\u65b0\u5f97\u5230\u7537\u7235\u4eec\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5728\u6444\u653f\u738b\u5a01\u5ec9\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\uff08William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke\uff0c1146 \uff5e1219\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u653f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u672c\u7684\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u4ee5\u4ea8\u5229\u4e09\u4e16\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u9881\u53d1\uff0c\u5e76\u6b63\u5f0f\u547d\u540d\u201cMagna Charta\u201d\u30021215\u5e74\u539f\u7248\u7684\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u7b2c61\u6761\uff0c\u6709\u6210\u7acb25\u4eba\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u76d1\u7763\u56fd\u738b\u5c65\u7ea6\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u6761\u6b3e\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u57281216\u5e74\u30011217\u5e74\u30011225\u5e74\u91cd\u7533\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u6761\u6b3e\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8bae\u4f1a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u987a\u521d\u7248\u7684\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e4b\u52bf\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4ea8\u5229\u4e09\u4e16\u4eb2\u653f\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5185\u65bd\u653f\u4f5c\u6076\u591a\u7aef\uff0c\u5bf9\u5916\u5f81\u6218\u5c61\u906d\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u603b\u60f3\u8fdd\u80cc\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u989d\u5916\u5f81\u7a0e\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u4eec\u53c8\u88ab\u8feb\u62ff\u8d77\u5200\u5251\uff0c\u6765\u50cf\u5236\u670d\u7ea6\u7ff0\u738b\u90a3\u6837\u5236\u670d\u4ea8\u5229\u4e09\u4e16\u3002\u6311\u5934\u7684\u662f\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u59b9\u592b\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u897f\u95e8\u2022\u8499\u7279\u798f\u5fb7\uff08Simon de Montfort, 1208\uff5e1265\uff09\u3002\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u8d35\u65cf\u4e8e1258\u5e74\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ea8\u5229\u4e09\u4e16\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ea8\u5229\u4e09\u4e16\u62d2\u7edd\u9075\u5b88\u300a\u725b\u6d25\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e8e1263\u5e74\u4e0e\u8bf8\u4faf\u5f00\u6218\u30021264\u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u8d35\u65cf\u9996\u9886\u897f\u8499\u2022\u8499\u7279\u798f\u7279\u7387\u9886\u7684\u4e49\u52c7\u961f\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u9a91\u58eb\u3001\u5e02\u6c11\u548c\u519c\u6c11\uff09\u5728\u5218\u6613\u65af\u6218\u5f79\u4e2d\u51fb\u6e83\u4e86\u4ea8\u5229\u4e09\u4e16\uff0c\u4ea8\u5229\u4e09\u4e16\u88ab\u8feb\u4ea4\u51fa\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4e14\u4ee5\u5176\u5b50\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u4e3a\u4eba\u8d28\u30021265\u5e74\uff0c\u8499\u7279\u798f\u5fb7\u4e3b\u6301\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6709\u9009\u4e3e\u4ee3\u8868\u53c2\u52a0\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u3002\u9664\u652f\u6301\u8499\u7279\u798f\u5fb7\u768423\u540d\u8d35\u65cf\u5916\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e1\u9009\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u9a91\u58eb\u4ee3\u8868\u3001\u6bcf\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u9009\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e02\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u53c2\u52a0\u8bae\u4f1a\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u8bae\u4f1a\u5728\u5baa\u653f\u53f2\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u8499\u7279\u798f\u5fb7\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e4b\u7236\u3002<\/p>\n

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1265\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u4ea8\u5229\u4e09\u4e16\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u81ea\u5df1\u9003\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u72ec\u81ea\u7387\u519b\u4e0e\u8499\u7279\u798f\u7279\u5728\u4f0a\u592b\u54c8\u59c6\u4ea4\u950b\u83b7\u80dc\uff0c\u6740\u6b7b\u5e76\u80a2\u89e3\u4e86\u5176\u59d1\u7236\u8499\u7279\u798f\u7279\u3002\u4ea8\u5229\u4e09\u4e16\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u628a\u5b9e\u6743\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u3002\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u53c2\u52a0\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u4e1c\u5f81\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u5728\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u62e5\u6234\u4e0b\u4e8e1274\u5e748\u6708\u52a0\u5195\uff0c\u5373\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u4e00\u4e16\uff08Edward I\uff0c1239\uff5e1307\uff09\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8499\u7279\u798f\u5fb7\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u53d1\u52a8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u6df1\u5f97\u6c11\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ece\u8d35\u65cf\u5230\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u4ece\u77e5\u8bc6\u9636\u5c42\u5230\u5e02\u6c11\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6539\u9769\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u3002\u4ea8\u5229\u4e09\u4e16\u548c\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u4e00\u4e16\u7236\u5b50\u5728\u6e05\u6d17\u548c\u6e05\u7b97\u8499\u7279\u798f\u5fb7\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u65f6\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53cd\u6297\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u6240\u6536\u655b\uff0c\u6545\u4e0d\u6562\u8fdd\u80cc\u6c11\u610f\u800c\u5927\u641e\u5012\u9000\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u8499\u7279\u798f\u5fb7\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u5f97\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u4e00\u4e16\u672c\u6765\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u6267\u653f\u540e\u5374\u6210\u4e3a\u8bae\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u8005\u3002\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u4e00\u4e16\u4ece\u8499\u7279\u798f\u5fb7\u90a3\u91cc\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u987a\u5e94\u6c11\u610f\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u4eb2\u8eab\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e86\u8fdd\u80cc\u6c11\u610f\u6240\u906d\u9047\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u53cd\u6297\uff0c\u6df1\u77e5\u83b7\u5f97\u6c11\u4f17\u6388\u6743\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4f4d35\u5e74\uff0c\u53ec\u5f00\u4e8652\u6b21\u8bae\u4f1a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d1295\u5e74\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u201c\u6a21\u8303\u8bae\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u540e\u4e16\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u6977\u6a21\u30021297\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u518d\u6b21\u9881\u5e03\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u4e3a\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u738b\u56fd\u6210\u6587\u6cd5\u5178\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u6cd5\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u800c\u201c\u6a21\u8303\u8bae\u4f1a\u201d\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u786e\u7acb\u548c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u8fd1\u5343\u5e74\u5baa\u653f\u653f\u5236\u6f14\u53d8\u4e4b\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u575a\u5b9e\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u4f20\u64ad\u4e86\u8bae\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u4e00\u4e16\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u91cd\u8981\u5e1d\u738b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u4e00\u4e16<\/p>\n

\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u572814\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u4e09\u4e16\uff08Edward III the Confessor, 1312\uff5e1377\uff09\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u516d\u4e2a\u6cd5\u6848\u5bf9\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u8fdb\u884c\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u5728\u4ea8\u5229\u4e94\u4e16\uff08Henry V\uff0c1387\uff5e1422\uff09\u88ab\u6700\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\uff08\u968f\u7740\u5370\u5237\u672f\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u52301508\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5370\u5236\u800c\u6210\u7684\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u624d\u9762\u4e16\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u572814\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u82f1\u683c\u5170\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u8d35\u65cf\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u524a\u5f31\u3002\u57281337\u5e74\u81f31453\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u5386\u65f6116\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u767e\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u201d\u3002\u767e\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u7684\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u51e0\u4e4e\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7586\u571f\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u80dc\u5229\u4f7f\u6cd5\u56fd\u5b8c\u6210\u6c11\u65cf\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u65e5\u540e\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u6269\u5f20\u6253\u4e0b\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u82f1\u6cd5\u767e\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u5404\u5c01\u5efa\u8d35\u65cf\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u624b\u4e2d\u63e1\u6709\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u4f01\u56fe\u638c\u63e1\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u6cbb\u6743\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u756a\u5206\u5316\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u8d35\u65cf\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u96c6\u56e2\uff1a\u4ee5\u5170\u5f00\u65af\u7279\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e3a\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ea2\u8537\u8587\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\uff1b\u4ee5\u7ea6\u514b\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u767d\u8537\u8587\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c01\u5efa\u96c6\u56e2\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e3a\u4e89\u593a\u738b\u4f4d\u7ee7\u627f\u6743\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u957f\u8fbe30\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u81ea\u76f8\u6b8b\u6740\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7ea2\u73ab\u7470\u548c\u767d\u73ab\u7470\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u5170\u5f00\u65af\u7279\u5bb6\u65cf\u548c\u7ea6\u514b\u5bb6\u65cf\u51e0\u4e4e\u540c\u5f52\u4e8e\u5c3d\uff0c\u5927\u6279\u5c01\u5efa\u65e7\u8d35\u65cf\u5728\u4e92\u76f8\u6b8b\u6740\u4e2d\u6216\u9635\u4ea1\u6216\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8d35\u65cf\u51e0\u4e4e\u88ab\u4e27\u5931\u6b86\u5c3d\uff0c\u518d\u4e5f\u65e0\u529b\u4e0e\u738b\u6743\u6297\u8861\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

1485\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u5e03\u5217\u5854\u5c3c\u6d41\u4ea1\u957f\u5927\u7684\u4ea8\u5229\u2022\u90fd\u94ce\uff08Henry Tudor, 1457\uff5e1508\uff09\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\u67e5\u7406\u516b\u4e16\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u4e0b\u7387\u519b\u961f\u767b\u9646\u82f1\u683c\u5170\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1485\u5e748\u6708\u5728\u6ce2\u65af\u6c83\u65af\u6218\u5f79\u4e2d\u6253\u8d25\u5b89\u8339\u738b\u671d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u738b\u7406\u67e5\u4e09\u4e16\uff08Richard III\uff0c1452\uff5e1485\uff09\uff0c\u593a\u53d6\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u738b\u4f4d\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u90fd\u94ce\u738b\u671d\uff0c\u53f2\u79f0\u4ea8\u5229\u4e03\u4e16\uff08\u82f1\u6587\uff1aHenry VII\uff09\u3002\u5728\u968f\u540e\u90fd\u94ce\u738b\u671d\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aTudor dynasty\uff09\uff081485\uff5e1603\u5e74\uff09\u7684200\u591a\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u51e0\u4e4e\u88ab\u6401\u7f6e\u4e43\u81f3\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u804c\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5728\u90fd\u94ce\u738b\u671d\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u8bf8\u5b66\u79d1\u4e4b\u51a0\u201d\u3002\u6309\u7167\u897f\u65b9\u4e00\u4f4d\u8bba\u8005Ellis Sandos\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u201c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u662f\u4e0e\u670d\u4ece\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5973\u738b\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5927\u81e3\u90fd\u5f00\u59cb\u5f3a\u8c03\u7ef4\u62a4\u6cd5\u6cbb\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81e3\u6c11\u5fc5\u987b\u670d\u4ece\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u5145\u5206\u57fa\u7840\u201d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u518d\u63d0\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u201d\uff08the rule of law\uff09\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u786e\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u5730\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u90fd\u94ce\u738b\u671d\u5973\u738b\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u4e00\u4e16\uff08Elizabeth I\uff0c1533\uff5e1603\uff09\u7edf\u6cbb\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u82cf\u683c\u517045\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8fbe\u81f3\u4e86\u90fd\u94ce\u738b\u671d\u7684\u9f0e\u76db\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u529b\u5f3a\u76db\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u6d77\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u4e14\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e0e\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6218\u4e89\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u4e00\u4e16\u7ec8\u8eab\u672a\u5a5a\uff0c1603\u5e74\uff0c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u5973\u738b\u739b\u4e3d\u2022\u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u516d\u4e16\u7ee7\u4efb\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u738b\u4f4d\uff0c\u53f2\u79f0\u201c\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u4e00\u4e16\u201d \uff08James I\uff0c1566\uff5e1625\uff09\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279\u738b\u671d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90fd\u94ce\u738b\u671d\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u786e\u7acb\uff0c\u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279\u738b\u671d\u541b\u4e3b\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f3a\u5316\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u5bfc\u81f4\u7d20\u6709\u6cd5\u6cbb\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5f39\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u968f\u774014\u4e16\u7eaa\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u4e00\u4e16\u540e\u82f1\u56fd\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u7684\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u719f\u7684\u6cd5\u9662\u3001\u6cd5\u5b98\u548c\u5f8b\u5e08\u4f53\u7cfb\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5f8b\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u7ef4\u6743\u4e0e\u738b\u6743\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u51b2\u7a81\u6fc0\u70c8\uff08\u6e05\u6559\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u6559\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u590d\u6742\u51b2\u7a81\uff09\u3001\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u4e0e\u7f57\u9a6c\u6cd5\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u738b\u6743\u4e0e\u5f8b\u754c\u201c\u7ef4\u6743\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u4e00\u4e16\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\u8d22\u653f\u5371\u673a\u548c\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u4e5f\u56e0\u5f3a\u5f81\u7a0e\u6536\u800c\u89e3\u6563\u8fc7\u56fd\u4f1a\u30021625\u5e74\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\uff08Charles I\uff0c1600\uff5e1649\uff09\u7ee7\u4f4d\u3002\u56e0\u5377\u5165\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u67af\u7aed\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u57281628\u5e74\u53ec\u5f00\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f4627\u4f4d\u8bae\u5458\u56e0\u62b5\u5236\u56fd\u738b\u5f3a\u884c\u5f81\u7a0e\u800c\u88ab\u6355\u3002\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7518\u793a\u5f31\uff0c\u4e8e1628\u5e74\u5728\u4e0b\u8bae\u9662\u8bae\u5458\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u2022\u5e93\u514b\uff08Sir Edward Coke\uff0c1552\uff5e1634\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u4e00\u4e16\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u738b\u5ea7\u6cd5\u9662\u9996\u5e2d\u6cd5\u5b98\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662\u987e\u95ee\uff09\u7684\u7387\u9886\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u6743\u5229\u8bf7\u613f\u4e66\u300b\u3002\u300a\u6743\u5229\u8bf7\u613f\u4e66\u300b\u5168\u6587\u5171\u67098\u6761\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u627f\u4f20\u4e86\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u201d\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6743\u5229\u662f\u81ea\u53e4\u5c31\u6709\u7684\uff1b\u91cd\u7533\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u9650\u5236\u56fd\u738b\u5f81\u7a0e\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff1b\u5f3a\u8c03\u975e\u7ecf\u8bae\u4f1a\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u4e0d\u5f97\u5f3a\u884c\u5f81\u7a0e\u548c\u501f\u503a\uff1b\u91cd\u7533\u4e86\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u4fdd\u62a4\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u6743\u5229\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u975e\u7ecf\u540c\u7ea7\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u4f9d\u6cd5\u5ba1\u5224\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f97\u88ab\u902e\u6355\u3001\u76d1\u7981\u3001\u6d41\u653e\u548c\u5265\u593a\u8d22\u4ea7\u53ca\u53d7\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u635f\u5bb3\uff1b\u89c4\u5b9a\u6d77\u9646\u519b\u961f\u4e0d\u5f97\u9a7b\u624e\u5728\u5c45\u6c11\u4f4f\u5b85\u533a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u6839\u636e\u6212\u4e25\u4ee4\u4efb\u610f\u902e\u6355\u81ea\u7531\u4eba\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u8bae\u4f1a\u62e8\u6b3e\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u5f88\u60c5\u613f\u5730\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u6743\u5229\u8bf7\u613f\u4e66\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u300a\u6743\u529b\u8bf7\u613f\u4e66\u300b<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

1658\u5e749\u67083\u65e5\u5965\u5229\u5f17\u2022\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u901d\u4e16\u540e\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u2022\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\uff08Richard Cromwell\uff0c1626\uff5e1712\u5e74\uff09\u7ee7\u4efb\u62a4\u56fd\u516c\u3002\u4f46\u67e5\u7406\u2022\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u8f6f\u5f31\u65e0\u80fd\uff0c\u65e0\u529b\u9547\u538b\u53cd\u53db\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u4e0e\u519b\u5b98\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u575b\u6b64\u65f6\u5927\u4e71\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u9042\u58f0\u660e\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u590d\u8f9f\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e8c\u4e16\uff08Charles II\uff0c1630\uff5e1685\uff09\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u4ee5\u673a\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u82f1\u56fd\u3002\u6d41\u4ea1\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u67e5\u7406\u4e8c\u4e161660\u5e74\u5728\u591a\u4f5b\u767b\u9646\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1661\u5e744\u6708\u6b63\u5f0f\u52a0\u5195\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u56fd\u738b\u3002\u5373\u4f4d\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u4e0e\u5f3a\u52bf\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u8c28\u614e\u5730\u884c\u4f7f\u5176\u6709\u9650\u738b\u6743\u30021679\u5e74\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e8c\u4e16\u7b7e\u7f72\u56fd\u4f1a\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u300a\u4eba\u8eab\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Habeas corpus Act\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u8eab\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u300b\u768420\u4e2a\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u539f\u6765\u7b2c39\u6761\u5173\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u7ecf\u5ba1\u5224\u4e0d\u5f97\u76d1\u7981\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ecf\u51fa\u793a\u6cd5\u5ead\u62d8\u6355\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u88ab\u902e\u6355\uff0c\u5df2\u4f9d\u6cd5\u902e\u6355\u8005\u5e94\u89c6\u91cc\u7a0b\u8fdc\u8fd1\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u79fb\u9001\u6cd5\u9662\u5ba1\u7406\uff1b\u7ecf\u88ab\u6355\u4eba\u6216\u5176\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u53ef\u7b7e\u53d1\u4eba\u8eab\u4fdd\u62a4\u72b6\uff0c\u7740\u4ee4\u902e\u6355\u673a\u5173\u6216\u4eba\u5458\u7533\u8ff0\u902e\u6355\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u89e3\u9001\u3001\u4fdd\u91ca\u6216\u91ca\u653e\u88ab\u6355\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u6b3e\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e86\u5f53\u4ee3\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u4eba\u8eab\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u300b\u9881\u884c\u540e\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u300a\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u548c\u300a\u6743\u529b\u8bf7\u613f\u4e66\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u9762\u7684\u300a\u6743\u5229\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5baa\u7ae0\u6027\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e92\u76f8\u652f\u6491\u3001\u4e92\u76f8\u652f\u63f4\u3001\u6700\u7ec8\u878d\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u6c11\u5bf9\u6297\u4e13\u5236\u548c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6700\u4e3a\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5baa\u653f\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d\u540e\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u5ba3\u8a00\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u6b21\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6743\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u90fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u548c\u5960\u57fa\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

1685\u5e742\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u67e5\u7406\u4e8c\u4e16\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f1f\u5f1f\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\uff08James II\uff0c1633\uff5e1701\uff09\u7ee7\u4f4d\u3002\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\u4e0a\u53f0\uff0c\u5168\u7136\u4e0d\u987e\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7684\u666e\u904d\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u8fdd\u80cc\u4ee5\u524d\u653f\u5e9c\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u7981\u6b62\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u62c5\u4efb\u516c\u804c\u7684\u201c\u5ba3\u8a93\u6761\u4f8b\u201d\uff0c\u59d4\u4efb\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u5230\u519b\u961f\u91cc\u4efb\u804c\u5f15\u8d77\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u4e3b\u6559\u4eec\u7684\u666e\u904d\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\u6b8b\u9177\u8feb\u5bb3\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u3002\u8fd8\u5411\u82f1\u56fd\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u4e3b\u8981\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u2014\u2014\u6cd5\u56fd\u9760\u62e2\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5371\u5bb3\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u65b0\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u30021688\u5e746\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u5f97\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4fe1\u4ef0\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u6559\u7684\u5973\u513f\u739b\u4e3d\u6ca1\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7ee7\u627f\u738b\u4f4d\u4e86\u3002\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u627f\u88ad\u738b\u4f4d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u65b0\u8d35\u65cf\u51b3\u5b9a\u63a8\u7ffb\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u7531\u8f89\u683c\u515a\u548c\u6258\u5229\u515a\u76847\u4f4d\u540d\u4eba\u51fa\u9762\u9080\u8bf7\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\u7684\u5973\u5a7f\u3001\u8377\u5170\u6267\u653f\u5965\u5170\u6cbb\u4eb2\u738b\u5a01\u5ec9\u6765\u82f1\u56fd\u30021688\u5e7411\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u5a01\u5ec9\u7387\u98861.5\u4e07\u4eba\u5728\u6258\u5c14\u6e7e\u767b\u9646\u3002\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\u51fa\u9003\u56fd\u5916\u30021688\u5e7412\u6708\u5a01\u5ec9\u7684\u519b\u961f\u5175\u4e0d\u8840\u5203\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u4f26\u6566\u30021689\u5e741\u6708\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u5168\u4f53\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\u900a\u4f4d\uff0c\u7531\u5a01\u5ec9\u548c\u739b\u4e3d\u5171\u4e3b\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u79f0\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e09\u4e16\uff08William III\uff0c1650\uff5e1702\uff09\u548c\u739b\u4e3d\u4e8c\u4e16\uff08Mary \u2161\uff0c1662\uff5e1694\uff09\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u8bae\u4f1a\u5411\u5a01\u5ec9\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u300a\u6743\u5229\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u3002\u300a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u8c34\u8d23\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u4e8c\u4e16\u7834\u574f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\u6307\u51fa\u4ee5\u540e\u56fd\u738b\u672a\u7ecf\u8bae\u4f1a\u540c\u610f\u4e0d\u80fd\u505c\u6b62\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6548\u529b\uff1b\u4e0d\u7ecf\u8bae\u4f1a\u540c\u610f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f81\u6536\u8d4b\u7a0e\uff1b\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u4e0d\u80fd\u62c5\u4efb\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u7ed3\u5a5a\u7b49\u3002\u65b0\u7ee7\u4f4d\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u5a01\u5ec9\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba3\u8a00\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u300a\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u4e8e\u5f53\u5e7410\u6708\u7ecf\u8bae\u4f1a\u6b63\u5f0f\u6279\u51c6\u5b9a\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5373\u300a\u6743\u5229\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

1689\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6743\u5229\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff08the Bill of Rights\uff09\u53ea\u6709\u77ed\u77ed\u7684\u5341\u4e09\u6761\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5374\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u8bae\u4f1a\u9ad8\u4e8e\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u53f8\u6cd5\u6743\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u738b\u6743\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff1a1\uff0c\u4e3a\u9650\u5236\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u6743\u529b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u969c\u30022\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u30023\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u4e0d\u7ecf\u8bae\u4f1a\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u5f81\u7a0e\u548c\u6536\u8d39\u5373\u4e3a\u201c\u975e\u6cd5\u201d\u30024\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4ece\u6b64\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u541b\u4e3b\u7acb\u5baa\u7684\u5baa\u653f\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\u81ea\u6b64\u5904\u4e8e\u201c\u7edf\u800c\u4e0d\u6cbb\u201d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u201c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u201d\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u300a\u6743\u5229\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u6700\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u4ee5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6743\u5229\u4ee3\u66ff\u541b\u4e3b\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7ec8\u4e8e\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c1701\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u738b\u4f4d\u7ee7\u627f\u6cd5\u300b\u7b49\u82f1\u56fd\u5baa\u7ae0\u6027\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5ba3\u5e03\u548c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5baa\u653f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u4e5f\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u201c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u201d\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u5927\u5baa\u7ae0\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u840c\u82bd\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u6cd5\u6cbb\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u80dc\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n

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