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<\/p>\n

Portrait of Thomas Alva Edison by George R Havelka<\/p>\n

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\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4ed6\u7684\u4e13\u5229\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u3002\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u6761\u6cb3\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u53ea\u671d\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u5c31\u50cf\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u6f6e\u6c50\uff1a\u7535\u5b50\u5148\u671d\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u671d\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u6bcf\u79d2\u4ea4\u66ff\u6570\u5341\u6b21\u3002\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u548c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u90fd\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7535\u529b\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u79cd\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u6d88\u8d39\u54c1\u4e2d\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff1a\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u7535\u8bdd\u3001\u7535\u89c6\u3001\u7535\u5668\u3001\u7535\u8111\u2014\u2014\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u3002\u4f46\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u6d89\u53ca\u4f20\u8f93\u7535\u6d41\u2014\u2014\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u7ebf\u5c06\u5176\u4ece\u53d1\u7535\u5382\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u5de5\u5382\u300219 \u4e16\u7eaa 80 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f53\u8c08\u5230\u4f20\u8f93\u7535\u6d41\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u548c\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u90fd\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u50cf\u7535\u52a8\u673a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u54c1\u5185\u90e8\u5c31\u662f\u9760\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u4f9b\u7535\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7535\u6e90\u662f\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u63d2\u7535\u524d\u4ece\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u6df7\u4e71\u548c\u4f4e\u6548\u3002\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u524d\u671f\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u4f20\u8f93\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u9694\u51e0\u4e2a\u8857\u533a\u5c31\u5efa\u4e00\u5ea7\u53d1\u7535\u5382\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u82f1\u91cc\u63a5\u4e00\u82f1\u91cc\u5730\u5efa\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u94dc\u7ebf\u5c06\u53d1\u7535\u5382\u4e0e\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u94dc\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u3002\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u8fd8\u575a\u6301\u8ba9\u4ed6\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u628a\u7535\u7ebf\u57cb\u5728\u5730\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5de5\u4f5c\u66f4\u52a0\u8270\u96be\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u79cd\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u770b\u5230\u7535\u7ebf\u88ab\u67b6\u5728\u7a7a\u4e2d\u2014\u2014\u592a\u96be\u770b\uff0c\u592a\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u65ad\u88c2\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u59cb\u62c6\u6bc1\u9e45\u5375\u77f3\u8857\u9053\uff0c\u5c06\u7535\u7ebf\u94fa\u8bbe\u5728\u8857\u9053\u4e0b\u9762\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u79f0\u9053\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u7ecf\u5e38\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u4e00\u8d77\u4e0b\u5230\u58d5\u6c9f\u91cc\uff0c\u628a\u77f3\u5934\u7ffb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5f04\u5f97\u6ee1\u8eab\u6ce5\u571f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u6210\u672c\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u591c\u95f4\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u5f71\u54cd\u4ea4\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u524d\u671f\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u60f3\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u7535\u7ebf\u4f20\u8f93\u7535\u529b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u7ba1\u9053\u4f20\u8f93\u6c34\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8f83\u7c97\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u53ef\u4ee5\u627f\u8f7d\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6c34\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u5236\u9020\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u5929\u8f93\u9001\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u6c34\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec6\u7ba1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u6c34\u538b\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u9ad8\u538b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f25\u8865\u7ec6\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u7535\u4e5f\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u7c97\u94dc\u7ebf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u9001\u66f4\u591a\u7535\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u52a0\u6602\u8d35\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u589e\u52a0\u7535\u7ebf\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u538b\u529b\u201d\u2014\u2014\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u7535\u538b\u3002\uff08\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7528\u7684\u662f\u201c\u7535\u538b\u529b\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u3002\uff09\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u9ad8\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u7535\u538b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7535\u7ebf\u5f88\u7ec6\uff0c\u7528\u7684\u94dc\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u6d41\u7ebf\u8def\u4f20\u9001\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7535\u529b\u3002\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u5219\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u589e\u52a0\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u7684\u7535\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7535\u538b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u4e4b\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u53c8\u7c97\u53c8\u8d35\u7684\u94dc\u7ebf\uff0c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u7cfb\u7edf\u5219\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u7535\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u9694\u51e0\u4e2a\u8857\u533a\u5c31\u5efa\u4e00\u5ea7\u53d1\u7535\u5382\uff0c\u4e00\u5ea7\u53d1\u7535\u5382\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u4f7f\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u7528\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u4e3a\u57ce\u5e02\u5e03\u7ebf\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u5904\u4e8e\u5f88\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u8bbe\u5907\u5dee\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u5929\u624d\u6295\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\u5236\u9020\u4f18\u826f\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u7535\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u53d1\u7535\u673a\u548c\u4f20\u52a8\u9f7f\u8f6e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ed6\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u624d\u80fd\u2014\u2014\u52a0\u4e0a\u4ed6\u7684\u663e\u8d6b\u58f0\u671b\u2014\u2014\u80fd\u591f\u514b\u670d\u5efa\u9020\u548c\u94dc\u7ebf\u7684\u9ad8\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e2a\u540d\u53eb\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u00b7\u7279\u65af\u62c9\uff08Nikola Tesla\uff09\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Nikola Tesla\u2019s Blue Portrait by Princess Vilma Lwoff-Parlaghy<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u897f\u5c4b\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5de5\u5382<\/p>\n

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\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63d0\u8bae\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u592a\u5fd9\u4e86\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u65c5\u884c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u786e\u5b9e\u62bd\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4\u7b56\u5212\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9488\u5bf9\u5a01\u65af\u6c40\u8c6a\u65af\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u7684\u4fe1\u5728\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4e2d\u95f4\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u548c\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u4f18\u52a3\u7684\u4e89\u7aef\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8bb0\u8005\u5728 6 \u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u7ed9\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u5f81\u6c42\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u9080\u8bf7\u4ed6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u770b\u4e00\u573a\u6f14\u793a\u3002\u8bb0\u8005\u6765\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u53ea\u8116\u5b50\u4e0a\u6302\u7740\u7ef3\u5b50\u7684\u72d7\u3002\u5b83\u7ad9\u5728\u4e00\u5757\u9521\u677f\u4e0a\uff0c\u9521\u677f\u4e0e\u53d1\u7535\u673a\u76f8\u8fde\u3002\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c34\u76d8\u4e5f\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u53d1\u7535\u673a\u4e0a\u3002\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u72d7\u4fef\u4e0b\u8eab\u5b50\u559d\u6c34\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fde\u63a5\u7535\u8def\u5e76\u6740\u6b7b\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ea\u72d7\u4e0d\u80af\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5b83\u4f3c\u4e4e\u611f\u5230\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u5bf9\u52b2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u5df1\u559d\u6c34\u3002\u5f53\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u7528\u7ef3\u5b50\u628a\u5b83\u7684\u5934\u5f80\u4e0b\u62c9\u65f6\uff0c\u72d7\u54ac\u65ad\u7ef3\u5b50\u9003\u8dd1\u4e86\u3002\u52a9\u624b\u628a\u7ef3\u5b50\u548c\u72d7\u90fd\u653e\u56de\u539f\u5904\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u89d2\u529b\u3002\u5728\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u7528\u529b\u62c9\u626f\u4e2d\uff0c\u72d7\u6ed1\u5012\u4e86\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u722a\u5b50\u8e29\u5728\u6c34\u76d8\u91cc\uff0c1500 \u4f0f\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u7a7f\u8fc7\u5fc3\u810f\u548c\u5927\u8111\u3002\u4e00\u58f0\u5927\u53eb\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002\u8bb0\u8005\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\uff0c\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u62a5\u9053\u3002\u62a5\u9053\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fe0\u5b9e\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89c2\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u3002<\/p>\n

\u60c5\u51b5\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u7cdf\u4e86\u3002\u6700\u521d\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u53eb\u54c8\u7f57\u5fb7\u00b7\u5e03\u6717\u7684\u7535\u6c14\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\uff0c\u4ed6\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u5d07\u62dc\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u62a8\u51fb\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7684\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6301\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u5371\u9669\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ece\u672a\u89c1\u8fc7\u7231\u8fea\u751f\uff0c\u5e03\u6717\u8fd8\u662f\u5199\u4fe1\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u95e8\u6d1b\u5e15\u514b\u7684\u5947\u624d\u201d\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u51fb\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u72d7\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e03\u6717\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u7adf\u7136\u540c\u610f\u4e86\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u5f88\u6177\u6168\u5730\u5411\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u5f00\u653e\u4ed6\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u751a\u81f3\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u9876\u7ea7\u52a9\u624b\u501f\u7ed9\u5e03\u6717\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u662f\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u4e3a\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u9f13\u52b1\u540c\u4e8b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u4ea4\u6d41\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u4f46\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u8ba9\u5e03\u6717\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4fdd\u6301\u6c89\u9ed8\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u9650\u5236\u5e03\u6717\u5728\u591c\u95f4\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u4eba\u4eec\u542c\u5230\u568e\u53eb\u58f0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u548c\u5728\u5e03\u6cd5\u7f57\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u9644\u8fd1\u8d34\u51fa\u544a\u793a\uff0c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u53ea\u6d41\u6d6a\u72d7\u63d0\u4f9b 25 \u7f8e\u5206\u62a5\u916c\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u6d41\u6c13\u4eec\u518d\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5e03\u6717\u8ba1\u5212\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u7535\u6b7b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6742\u79cd\u72d7\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u6742\u4e71\u65e0\u7ae0\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72d7\u7684\u4f53\u5f62\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u2014\u2014\u8d5b\u7279\u72ac\u3001\u6897\u7c7b\u72ac\u3001\u5723\u4f2f\u7eb3\u5fb7\u72ac\u3001\u6597\u725b\u72ac\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u548c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u5148\u540e\u7535\u51fb\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u7535\u538b\u4ece 300 \u4f0f\u5230 1400 \u4f0f\u4e0d\u7b49\u3002\u4f46\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u4e00\u6837\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u95f4\u65ad\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72d7\u5728\u75db\u82e6\u4e2d\u8df3\u8dc3\u3001\u53eb\u558a\u548c\u545c\u54bd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u7535\u51fb\u51fb\u6655\u7684\u72d7\u201c\u62fc\u547d\u9003\u8dd1\u201d\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u53ea\u72d7\u7684\u773c\u775b\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u8840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u5e03\u6717\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5b89\u6392\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6f14\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u6298\u78e8\u4e00\u53ea\u7ebd\u82ac\u5170\u6df7\u79cd\u72ac\u3002\u62a5\u7eb8\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u4e49\u6124\u586b\u81ba\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6b63\u5e38\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u7f9e\u6127\u5f97\u65e0\u5730\u81ea\u5bb9\u3002\u5e03\u6717\u5374\u5728\u51e0\u5929\u540e\u53c8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u6f14\u793a\uff0c\u7528\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u6740\u6b7b\u4e86\u53e6\u5916\u4e09\u53ea\u72d7\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u533b\u751f\u5728\u4e8b\u540e\u89e3\u5256\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5411\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u5371\u5bb3\u7684\u201c\u7cbe\u5f69\u5c55\u89c8\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u5e03\u6717\u7528\u9a6c\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u56de\u5e94\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c1888 \u5e74 12 \u6708\uff0c\u5e03\u6717\u5728\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u505a\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u6b21\u6f14\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u4ed6\u7535\u51fb\u7684\u662f\u5927\u578b\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ea\u7528\u4e86\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u3002\u4ed6\u4ece\u4e00\u5934 124 \u78c5\u7684\u5c0f\u725b\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u4e24\u773c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u6781\uff0c770 \u4f0f\u7684\u7535\u538b\u51fb\u57ae\u4e86\u5b83\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53ea 145 \u78c5\u91cd\u7684\u5c0f\u725b\u5728 750 \u4f0f\u7684\u7535\u538b\u4e0b\u88ab\u51fb\u57ae\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6253\u6d88\u6240\u6709\u7591\u8651\uff0c\u5e03\u6717\u548c\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u7ed9\u4e00\u5339 15 \u7f8e\u5143\u4e70\u6765\u7684 1200 \u78c5\u91cd\u7684\u9a6c\u8fde\u4e0a\u7535\u7ebf\uff0c\u5c06\u7535\u6781\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e24\u53ea\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8e44\u5b50\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7535\u6d41\u5c31\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\u3002\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u66fe\u5411\u8bb0\u8005\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e07\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u79d2\u5185\u6740\u6b7b\u7272\u755c\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5339\u9a6c\u5728 600 \u4f0f\u7684\u7535\u538b\u4e0b\u5b58\u6d3b\u4e86 5 \u79d2\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53c8\u5728\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7535\u538b\u4e0b\u5b58\u6d3b\u4e86 15 \u79d2\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5728 700 \u4f0f\u7684\u7535\u538b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a 25 \u79d2\u7684\u8109\u51b2\u5904\u51b3\u4e86\u5b83\u3002\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u82b1\u4e86 5 \u7f8e\u5143\u628a\u5c38\u4f53\u8fd0\u8d70\u4e86\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5e03\u6717\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u5bb3\u6015\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u6298\u78e8\u72d7\u548c\u9a6c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u559c\u7231\u3002\u5728\u79c1\u4eba\u7b14\u8bb0\u4e2d\uff0c\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u7684\u9996\u5e2d\u7535\u5de5\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u7269\u6240\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u6298\u78e8\u611f\u5230\u75db\u5fc3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u662f\u201c\u77ac\u95f4\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u75db\u7684\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e3a\u4e86\u7834\u574f\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u603b\u5171\u6740\u6b7b\u4e86 44 \u53ea\u72d7\u3001 6 \u5934\u5c0f\u725b\u548c 2 \u5339\u9a6c\u3002\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u751a\u81f3\u53bb\u627e\u9a6c\u620f\u56e2\u7684\u5927\u8c61\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u843d\u7a7a\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u632b\u8d25\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6ca1\u6709\u8d77\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u4f5c\u7528\u2014\u2014\u5a01\u65af\u6c40\u8c6a\u65af\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u538b\u5236\u7740\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u3002\u5230 1888 \u5e74\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u9500\u552e\u4e86\u6bcf\u5e74\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e3a 44000 \u4e2a\u7535\u706f\u6ce1\u4f9b\u7535\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u800c\u897f\u5c4b\u516c\u53f8\u4ec5\u5728 1888 \u5e74 10 \u6708\u5c31\u552e\u51fa\u4e86\u80fd\u4e3a 48000 \u4e2a\u7535\u706f\u6ce1\u4f9b\u7535\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4f0f\u5c14\u6cf0\uff08Voltaire\uff09\u975e\u5e38\u9119\u89c6\u201c\u628a\u72d7\u9489\u5728\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u6d3b\u6d3b\u89e3\u5256\u7684\u2026\u2026\u91ce\u86ee\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\uff08Samuel Johnson\uff09\u540c\u610f\u4f0f\u5c14\u6cf0\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u8865\u5145\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73cd\u8d35\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u3002\u201d\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u4ea8\u7279\u7ecf\u5e38\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u5c16\u53eb\u7684\u72d7\u548c\u732a\u8eab\u4e0a\u7ec3\u4e60\u65b0\u7684\u5916\u79d1\u6280\u672f\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u505a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5411\u6000\u5b55\u7684\u72d7\u7684\u9759\u8109\u6ce8\u5c04\u918b\uff0c\u770b\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u6d41\u4ea7\u3002\uff08\u7684\u786e\u4f1a\u3002\uff09\u4e00\u4e9b\u6606\u866b\u5b66\u5bb6\u751a\u81f3\u6297\u8bae\u628a\u6d3b\u7684\u6606\u866b\u9489\u5728\u5927\u5934\u9488\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u75db\u82e6\u5730\u8815\u52a8\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u51e0\u5929\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6297\u8bae\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8d6b\u65af\u7279\u62a5\u4e1a\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u8c34\u8d23\u8650\u5f85\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u201c\u6d3b\u4f53\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u5bb6\u201d\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4e3a\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fa9\u79f0\u4ed6\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u660e\u663e\u6709\u6240\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u4f46\u6d89\u53ca\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u592a\u591a\u3002\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5728 20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\u5448\u7206\u70b8\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5230 2000 \u5e74\uff0c\u4ec5\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6bcf\u5e74\u5c31\u8981\u7528\u6389 5 \u4ebf\u53ea\u5c0f\u9f20\u3001\u5927\u9f20\u548c\u9e1f\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u72d7\u3001\u732b\u548c\u7334\u5b50\u3002\u89c4\u6a21\u5341\u5206\u60ca\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

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