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\u201c\u5355\u662f\u5927\u5de5\u4e1a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u5e02\u573a\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u5168\u7403\u5404\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5404\u6587\u660e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u7d27\u7d27\u5730\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u751f\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5927\u5de5\u4e1a\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u6587\u660e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u540c\u2026\u2026\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u5c06\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u6587\u660e\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u53d1\u5c55\u5f97\u8f83\u5feb\u6216\u8f83\u6162\uff0c\u8981\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8f83\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\uff0c\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u6700\u6162\u6700\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u6700\u5feb\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u201d[3]<\/p>\n

\u800c\u5df4\u5854\u8036\u672c\u4eba\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf91917\u5e74\u7684\u4fc4\u56fd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6280\u672f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u624d\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u5efa\u7acb\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u603b\u662f\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u4e3a\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\uff0c\u5217\u5b81\u5728\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd\u5355\u72ec\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u65af\u5927\u6797\u53c8\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u628a\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5728\u4fc4\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u5747\u6bd4\u8f83\u843d\u540e\u7684\u4fc4\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u56fa\u7136\u662f\u5bf9\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u6709\u5173\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u8d8a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d85\u8d8a\u6216\u8005\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u8005\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u9762\u5bf9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u843d\u540e\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u8005\u4e43\u81f3\u82cf\u8054\u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u548c\u65e0\u6cd5\u9003\u907f\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5df4\u5854\u8036\u7279\u522b\u6307\u51fa:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u2018\u4e00\u56fd\u5efa\u6210\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u2019\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u6f20\u89c6\u7684\uff1a\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u6b64\u65e0\u5173\uff1a\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u88ab\u5c40\u9650\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53ef\u80fd\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6df7\u5408\u7684\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u8fa8\u8ba4\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u63a5\u8fd1\u540e\u4ee4\u4eba\u5931\u671b\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u201d[4]<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u4e8c\u3001\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5f0f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7279\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u8005\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5f0f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u88ab\u770b\u6210\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u89e3\u5256\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6709\u6548\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5904\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u5df4\u5854\u8036\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65b0\u610f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u9769\u547d\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u8f7b\u89c6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u663e\u793a\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u5217\u5b81\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u8fd9\u80cc\u540e\u65e2\u6709\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u85cf\u8eab\u5176\u540e\u7684\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u89c2\u5ff5\u5728\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5df4\u5854\u8036\u8ba4\u4e3a\u540e\u8005\u628a\u4eba\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u628a\u56fd\u5bb6\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u4f26\u7406\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u2014\u2014\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff64\u81ea\u77e5\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u6027\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f26\u7406\u7cbe\u795e\u601d\u8003\u81ea\u8eab\u548c\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u5e76\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u5207\u5b83\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ea\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u5b83\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u98ce\u4fd7\u4e60\u60ef\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u95f4\u63a5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u60c5\u7eea\u800c\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u6210\u679c\u4e2d\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u6027\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u201d[5]<\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u6027\u6765\u81ea\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u4e5f\u6765\u81ea\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5df4\u5854\u8036\u6307\u51fa\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u538b\u5236\u548c\u5426\u5b9a\u4e0e\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u89c2\u5ff5\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0e\u975e\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3a\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5176\u201c\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u771f\u7406\u4e0e\u4e00\u79cd\u79c1\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5b64\u72ec\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e0e\u6b64\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u7f6e\u82e5\u7f54\u95fb\u201d[6]\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5df4\u5854\u8036\u53c8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u201c\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u771f\u7406\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5efa\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u6216\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u8bf4\u5230\u5e95\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6b3a\u9a97\u548c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u53ef\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u517b\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u865a\u5047\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e60\u60ef\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\u548c\u5e73\u5eb8\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5bf9\u4e0e\u4e4b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5145\u8033\u4e0d\u95fb\uff0c\u89c6\u800c\u4e0d\u89c1\u3002\u800c\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5f0f\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u4e25\u5389\u201d\uff08la rigueur\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5426\u5b9a\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u547d\u7684\u60f0\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5df4\u5854\u8036\u9a73\u65a5\u4e86\u90a3\u79cd\u628a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5f0f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08le socialisme stalinien\uff09\u770b\u6210\u4e0e\u201c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5f0f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08le socialisme hitl\u00e9rien\uff09\u76f8\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u6765\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5982\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u6240\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u519b\u961f\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9752\u5e74\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u4ee5\u53ca\u9547\u538b\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u5957\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u4e8e\u4f60\u6b7b\u6211\u6d3b\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u662f\u8ba9\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u3002\u201d[7] \u5728\u5df4\u5854\u8036\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u624d\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6700\u4e3a\u6839\u672c\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u6240\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5df4\u5854\u8036\u4e5f\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e8c\u8005\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u6709\u70b9\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u628a\u4e8c\u8005\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5df4\u5854\u8036\u7ee7\u800c\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f62\u5f0f\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\uff08national\uff09\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08imp\u00e9rial-socialism\uff09\u3002\u800c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\uff08imp\u00e9rial\uff09\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ec5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u4e0e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u5355\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\u5efa\u6210\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e1d\u56fd\u5219\u662f\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u5df4\u5854\u8036\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\uff08imp\u00e9rial\uff09\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u5e1d\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\uff08empire\uff09\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u666e\u904d\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08Etat universel\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u7ec8\u7ed3\u4e86\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u7684\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u201d[8] \u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5df4\u5854\u8036\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u79d1\u8036\u592b\u6240\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u201c\u666e\u904d\u540c\u8d28\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u6709\u76f8\u901a\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u79d1\u8036\u592b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u4ece\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u7684\u5927\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u666e\u904d\u540c\u8d28\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\uff08the universal homogenous state\uff09\u7684\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u201d\uff08theend of history \uff09\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u6240\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u662f\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u666e\u904d\u201d\uff08universal\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u5f7c\u6b64\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u5f97\u5230\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u540c\u8d28\u201d\uff08homogenous\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5185\u5916\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u77db\u76fe\u548c\u4e89\u6218\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u201c\u7ec8\u7ed3\u201d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u8036\u592b\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u90a3\u79cd\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\uff08nation-state\uff09\u6216\u6c11\u65cf\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u56e0\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u6027\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u4e2a\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u62b5\u8fbe\u201c\u666e\u904d\u540c\u8d28\u201d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u82cf\u8054\u548c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u8005\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u7684:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u8fd8\u5145\u5f53\u4e86\u81ea\u79f0\u662f\u2018\u6c11\u65cf\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u2019\uff08national\u2014socialism\uff09\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6025\u5148\u950b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u52a8\u673a\u8868\u8ff0\u7684\u6dcb\u6f13\u5c3d\u81f4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u5f0f\u7684\u2018\u5e1d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u2019\uff08imperial-socialism\uff09\u548c\u82f1\u7f8e\u5f0f\u7684\u2018\u5e1d\u56fd\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u2019\uff08imperial-capitalism\uff09\u76f8\u63d0\u5e76\u8bba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4ece\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u548c\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u60f3\u52aa\u529b\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c11\u65cf\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u786e\u7acb\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u79cd\u65cf\uff09\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u60f3\u53ea\u8fd0\u7528\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u53ef\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u2018\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u2019\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u8f93\u6389\u4e86\u5b83\u5173\u952e\u6027\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u201d[9]<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u79d1\u8036\u592b\u5bf9\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5efa\u6784\u8d85\u8d8a\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u4e3e\u63aa\u4e0d\u65e0\u6b23\u8d4f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u7531\u4e4b\u6210\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e2a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u666e\u904d\u540c\u8d28\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u5965\u79d8\u7684\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u201c\u8f6c\u4e16\u7075\u7ae5\u201d\u4e86\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u601d\u60f3\u6df1\u6df1\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5df4\u5854\u8036\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5df4\u5854\u8036\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u666e\u904d\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u8868\u793a\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u79d1\u8036\u592b\u867d\u7136\u4e5f\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56e0\u7d20\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ece\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u5230\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u4ed6\u76f4\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u91cc\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u548c\u7b49\u8d28\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u201d[10]\u800c\u5df4\u5854\u8036\u6240\u7740\u773c\u7684\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6709\u610f\u80cc\u79bb\u4e86\u79d1\u8036\u592b\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u5316\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u800c\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u7684\u6000\u62b1\u3002\u4ed6\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e1d\u56fd\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u662f\u6e90\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u50cf\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u90a3\u6837\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u90a3\u79cd\u6563\u4e71\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u9769\u65b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5df4\u5854\u8036\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\uff0c\u201c\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u8054\u76df\u201d\uff08Soviet Union\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\u5d4c\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u7b49\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5e1d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u56e0\u4e4b\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u666e\u904d\u6027\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u666e\u904d\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u6d77\u62a5\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4fc4\u6587\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u4e3a\u4e86\u524d\u7ebf\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u79ef\u84c4\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u79ef\u84c4<\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u4e60\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u753b<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u79ef\u84c4\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7<\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5df4\u5854\u8036\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5e76\u501f\u6cd5\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u90ce\u7d22\u74e6\u2022\u4f69\u9c81\uff08Francois Perroux\uff09\u4e4b\u53e3\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u201d[18] \u800c\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8865\u6551\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u76f8\u6bd4\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\u8d64\u5b57\u3002\u4f46\u5df4\u5854\u8036\u63d0\u9192\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d64\u5b57\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6218\u540e\u6b27\u6d32\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u9700\u6c42\u53c8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8d64\u5b57\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u507f\u4ed8\u4e0d\u8d77\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u3002\u4f46\u7f8e\u56fd\u81ea\u8eab\u5374\u5e76\u4e0d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6709\u5f85\u507f\u8fd8\u7684\u8d64\u5b57\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u507f\u8fd8\u7684\u8d64\u5b57\u5c06\u4f7f\u5176\u672c\u6765\u5c31\u8fc7\u5269\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u66f4\u52a0\u8fc7\u5269\uff0c\u5176\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u5371\u9669\u6027\u4e5f\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u52a0\u5927\u3002\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u8ba1\u5212\u5c31\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ed9\u4e88\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u4e94\u5341\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u6350\u52a9\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u91d1\u989d\u5374\u5c11\u4e8e1947\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u9152\u7cbe\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u82b1\u8d39\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u5176\u5927\u7ea6\u4e0e\u4e09\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u82b1\u8d39\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u751f\u4ea7\u603b\u503c\u76842%\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u76ee\u5bf9\u6218\u540e\u8d2b\u7a77\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u652f\u63f4\u3002\u82e5\u65e0\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u8fd92%\u53ef\u80fd\u53c8\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u589e\u957f\u3002\u8fd9\u81ea\u7136\u66f4\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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