{"id":7509,"date":"2022-08-25T17:53:36","date_gmt":"2022-08-25T09:53:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=7509"},"modified":"2023-04-24T15:11:59","modified_gmt":"2023-04-24T07:11:59","slug":"%e6%89%80%e6%9c%89%e4%ba%ba%e9%83%bd%e4%bb%a5%e4%b8%ba%e6%b2%99%e5%ad%90%e6%98%af%e8%bf%99%e6%a0%b7%e8%90%bd%e7%9a%84%ef%bc%8c%e7%9b%b4%e5%88%b0%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e5%ae%b6%e5%8f%91%e7%8e%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=7509","title":{"rendered":"\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6c99\u5b50\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u843d\u7684\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5947\u602a\u73b0\u8c61"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u64b0\u6587\uff1a \u4e03\u541b<\/p>\n<div id=\"contain\" class=\"wrapper clearfix\" data-wemediaid=\"W7451181038584314726\" data-docid=\"FTFMS5HP0511DCTQ\" data-ptime=\"2020-12-10 08:58:16\" data-hidead=\"false\">\n<div class=\"post_main\">\n<div id=\"content\" class=\"post_content\" data-cover=\"\">\n<div class=\"post_body\">\n<p>\u4f60\u73a9\u8fc7\u6c99\u5b50\u6216\u6c99\u6f0f\u5427\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6c99\u5b50\u843d\u4e0b\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u6c99\u5b50\u843d\u4e0b\u6765\u5806\u79ef\u6210\u4e18\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5747\u5300\u5411\u4e0b\u56db\u5904\u6269\u6563\u7684\u5bf9\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/dingyue.ws.126.net\/2020\/1210\/d1f9af69g00ql3mox02v2d2007o00dug007o00du.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u597d\u50cf\u653e\u4e4b\u56db\u6d77\u800c\u7686\u51c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e3a\u6c99\u4e18\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u589e\u957f\u6a21\u5f0f\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u2014\u2014 \u96ea\u5d29\u52a8\u6001 \uff08avalanche dynamics\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96ea\u5d29\u52a8\u6001\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u7531\u4e39\u9ea6\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6 Per Bak\u3001\u6c64\u8d85\uff08\u76ee\u524d\u662f\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u524d\u6cbf\u4ea4\u53c9\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6267\u884c\u9662\u957f\uff09\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6 Kurt Wiesenfeld \u57281987\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e34\u754c\u6027\uff08SOC\uff09\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u572825\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u96ea\u5d29\u52a8\u6001\u548cSOC\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u7075\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1995\u5e74\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u53e4\u5df4\u54c8\u74e6\u90a3\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6 Ernesto Altshuler \u4e3a\u4e86\u5411\u5b66\u751f\u6f14\u793a\u6c99\u4e18\u7684\u96ea\u5d29\u52a8\u6001\uff0c\u627e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6c99\u5b50\u505a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002 \u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c99\u5b50\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6309\u7167\u96ea\u5d29\u52a8\u6001\u805a\u96c6\u6210\u6c99\u4e18\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u5148\u6765\u770b\u56fe\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/dingyue.ws.126.net\/2020\/1210\/cd0277c6g00ql3moy01did200dw00a3g00dw00a3.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c99\u5b50\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5747\u5300\u5730\u4ece\u6c99\u4e18\u9876\u90e8\u5411\u4e0b\u65b9\u6eda\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u626d\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u6c99\u86c7\uff0c\u800c\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6c99\u7c92\u5e76\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u6c99\u86c7\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u987a\u65f6\u9488\u65cb\u8f6c\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u9006\u65f6\u9488\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u6c99\u86c7\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u53d8\u5316\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e Altshuler \u7684\u81ea\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f53\u65f6\u611f\u5230\u9707\u60ca\u548c\u6124\u6012\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5236\u9020\u7684\u6c99\u4e18\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u7ecf\u5178\u7684 SOC \u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u89e3\u91ca\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>Altshuler \u4e00\u65f6\u534a\u4f1a\u513f\u4e5f\u60f3\u4e0d\u51fa\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c99\u5b50\u548c\u88c5\u7f6e\u5c01\u5b58\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f46\u662f5\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c99\u5b50\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u8ba9\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u60ca\u5947\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2020%2F1210%2F985196e2j00ql3moz0039d200u000hcg00hx00ac.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ernesto Altshuler \u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aScience magazine<\/p>\n<p>2000\u5e74\uff0cAltshuler \u6765\u5230\u4f11\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66 Paul C.W. Chu \u7684\u7ec4\u91cc\u505a\u535a\u58eb\u540e\u7814\u7a76\u3002Chu \u662f\u5fb7\u5dde\u8d85\u5bfc\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4f11\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u4e5f\u662f SOC \u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5730\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u4f11\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6 Kevin Bassler \u4ee5\u53ca SOC \u7406\u8bba\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684 Per Bak \u7684\u59bb\u5b50 Maya Paczuski\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0cKevin Bassler \u539f\u672c\u662f SOC \u7406\u8bba\u7684\u575a\u5b9a\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c \u4f46\u662f Altshuler \u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\uff0cSOC \u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u3002 Bassler \u663e\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u5174\u594b\uff0c \u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a \u201cErnesto\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6211\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u3002 \u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5411 Bassler \u5c55\u793a\u8ff7\u4eba\u7684\u6c99\u86c7\uff0cAltshuler \u53bb\u5b66\u6821\u505c\u8f66\u573a\u62ff\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6c99\u5b50\u6765\u505a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002 \u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c99\u5b50\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u6c99\u86c7\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002 \u4ed6\u89c9\u5f97\u5f88\u5c34\u5c2c\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8ba9\u5728\u53e4\u5df4\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u53bb\u62ff\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u6c99\u5b50\u91cd\u65b0\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002 \u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u53e4\u5df4\u7684\u6c99\u5b50\u786e\u5b9e\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6c99\u86c7\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/dingyue.ws.126.net\/2020\/1210\/d214ac88g00ql3moz003td200ej00m8g005x0091.gif\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u56de\u5230\u53e4\u5df4\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u9a6c\u4e0a\u62cd\u6444\u4e86\u6c99\u86c7\u7684\u89c6\u9891\u53d1\u7ed9 Bassler\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86 Bassler \u548c Per Bak \u7684\u6d53\u539a\u5174\u8da3\uff0c Per Bak \u751a\u81f3\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u6765\u770b\u770b Altshuler \u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cBassler \u548c Altshuler \u5f00\u59cb\u5408\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u57282003\u5e74\u548c2008\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u522b\u53d1\u8868\u5728 Physical Review Letters \u548c Physical Review E \u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u539f\u6765\uff0c \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6c99\u4e18\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u96ea\u5d29\u5f62\u5f0f\u7d2f\u79ef\u800c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6c99\u5b50\u624d\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u6c99\u86c7\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Altshuler \u7684\u6c99\u5b50\u662f\u4ece\u54c8\u74e6\u90a3\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6750\u6599\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u50a8\u85cf\u5ba4\u53d6\u7684\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c99\u5b50\u6765\u81ea Santa Teresa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u79bb\u54c8\u74e6\u90a3\u5927\u6982\u6709200\u5343\u7c73\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c99\u5b50\u672c\u6765\u662f\u8981\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5236\u9020\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2020%2F1210%2Fa3b1648bp00ql3moz004od200ky00f0g00hx00ct.png&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Santa Teresa \u7684\u6c99\u5b50\u7684\u7eaf\u5ea6\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u9897\u7c92\u76f4\u5f84\u5927\u6982\u662f0.2\u6beb\u7c73\uff0c\u4ece\u5916\u89c2\u4e0a\u770b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6c99\u5b50\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u6c99\u5b50\u624d\u5177\u6709\u6c99\u86c7\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u57282006\u5e74\uff0cAltshuler \u5e26\u7740\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c99\u5b50\u6765\u5230\u6cd5\u56fd\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240 \uff08Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg\uff09\u3002\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5bf9 Santa Teresa \u6c99\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u626b\u63cf\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u6c99\u5b50\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2020%2F1210%2F3dc2f9f0p00ql3moz0028d200dp003xg00dp003x.png&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u7535\u5b50\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u4e0b\uff0cSanta Teresa\u7684\u6c99\u5b50\uff08a\uff09\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u548c\u5bcc\u542b\u78b3\u9178\u9499\u7684\u6c99\u5b50\uff08b\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u666e\u901a\u6c99\u5b50\uff08c\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u79cd\u6c99\u5b50\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6c99\u86c7\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\uff08DOI\uff0910.1007\/978-3-319-51624-0_3<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\uff0cSanta Teresa \u7684\u6c99\u5b50\u6837\u54c1\u867d\u7136\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u6c99\u86c7\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u51e0\u6b21\u540e\u5374\u53d8\u201c\u6b63\u5e38\u201d\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u5f88\u56f0\u60d1\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"f_center\"><img src=\"https:\/\/nimg.ws.126.net\/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdingyue.ws.126.net%2F2020%2F1210%2F5ab88397j00ql3mp0000bd2009q006fg009q006f.jpg&amp;thumbnail=660x2147483647&amp;quality=80&amp;type=jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6469\u6d1b\u54e5\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u9e23\u6c99\u88ab\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u79f0\u4e3a&#8221;barkhanes&#8221;\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aH. Raguet\/CNRS Phototh\u00e8que<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u6469\u6d1b\u54e5\u7684 Ghord Lahmar \u5730\u533a\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8457\u540d\u7684\u9e23\u6c99\uff0c\u9e23\u6c99\u5728\u91ce\u5916\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u201c\u6b4c\u58f0\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9e23\u6c99\u88ab\u5e26\u5230\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6162\u6162\u5931\u53bb\u5531\u6b4c\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u9e23\u6c99\u53d8\u54d1\u70ae\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9e23\u6c99\u8868\u9762\u6162\u6162\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5c42\u7845\u80f6\u3002\u4f46\u662f Santa Teresa 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