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\u6c49\u65af-\u7ea6\u963f\u5e0c\u59c6\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee<\/p>\n

1939\u5e748\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u5728\u5373\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u88ab\u975e\u81ea\u613f\u91cd\u5f81\u5165\u4f0d\u3002\u6b21\u5e745\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u897f\u7ebf\u7684\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u5c1a\u5728\u93d6\u6218\uff0c\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u5373\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u9a7b\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u53ca\u6cd5\u56fd\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u603b\u7763\u3002\u5728\u603b\u7763\u4efb\u5185\uff0c\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6267\u884c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u653f\u6743\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u72af\u4e0b\u6293\u6355\u5e76\u9063\u9001\u6570\u4e07\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u6740\u5bb3\u4eba\u8d28\u7b49\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u884c\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5219\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u519b\u961f\u5185\u63a8\u7ffb\u7eb3\u7cb9\u653f\u6743\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u30021944\u5e74\u201c720\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u64a4\u804c\uff0c\u5904\u5728\u76d6\u4e16\u592a\u4fdd\u76d1\u89c6\u4e0b\u7684\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u81f4\u7535\u5fb7\u519b\u897f\u7ebf\u6700\u9ad8\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u51af\u00b7\u514b\u9c81\u683c\u5143\u5e05\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u5411\u76df\u519b\u6253\u5f00\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u9632\u7ebf\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a5\u5e94\u67cf\u6797\u7684\u5973\u6b66\u795e\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u65e0\u5948\u514b\u9c81\u683c\u592a\u6002\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u51fa\u624b\uff0c\u7535\u8bdd\u4e2d\u7529\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u90a3\u5934\u732a\uff08\u732a\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5143\u9996\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\uff09\u4e0d\u6b7b\uff0c\u6211\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u201d\u7684\u540d\u8a00\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u514b\u9c81\u683c\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u81ea\u6740\u6536\u573a\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6211\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u5728\u201c720\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e2d\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8be5\u51fa\u624b\u65f6\u5c31\u51fa\u624b\uff0c\u667a\u52c7\u53cc\u5168\u7684\u51b3\u65ad\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u65f6\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u9632\u7ebf\u88ab\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u65e0\u7591\u5c06\u88ab\u91cd\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7279\u522b\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u90a3\u6bb5\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7684\u540e\u534a\u751f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6839\u672c\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u5728\u534e\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0e\u6c11\u56fd\u9646\u519b\u4e2d\u5c06\uff0c\u540e\u4efb\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u4e00\u5385\u5385\u957f\u7684\u5b9c\u5174\u4eba\u94b1\u5353\u4f26\u76f8\u8bc6\u76f8\u77e5\u3002\u94b1\u7684\u5802\u59b9\u94b1\u79c0\u73b2\u65e9\u5148\u6765\u6cd5\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\uff0c\u4e8c\u6218\u65f6\u6ede\u7559\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u540e\u957f\u671f\u4fa8\u5c45\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6c11\u56fd\u9646\u519b\u4e2d\u5c06\u94b1\u5353\u4f26<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u94b1\u79c0\u73b2\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\u5728\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6<\/p>\n

\u5728\u94b1\u79c0\u73b2\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u5c0f\u9547\u91cc\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5360\u9886\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u8d77\u4e8b\u8005\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u5360\u9886\u519b\u5f53\u5c40\u5224\u5904\u6b7b\u5211\u3002\u94b1\u79c0\u73b2\u5f97\u77e5\u540e\uff0c\u633a\u8eab\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u94b1\u5353\u4f26\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u627e\u5230\u5fb7\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u519b\u519b\u4e8b\u603b\u7763\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u6c42\u60c5\uff0c\u72af\u4e8b\u8005\u7adf\u5f97\u5141\u51c6\u6539\u5224\u5f92\u5211\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u53c8\u53d1\u751f\u4e09\u540d\u76d6\u4e16\u592a\u4fdd\u5b98\u5458\u88ab\u6740\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u62a5\u590d\uff0c\u76d6\u4e16\u592a\u4fdd\u6293\u6355\u4e8690\u4f59\u540d\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u6c11\u4f17\u51c6\u5907\u5904\u6b7b\uff0c\u94b1\u79c0\u73b2\u590d\u5411\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u6c42\u52a9\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u5df2\u88ab\u76d6\u4e16\u592a\u4fdd\u76d1\u89c6\uff0c\u5904\u5883\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u5141\u8bfa\u94b1\u5c3d\u529b\u800c\u4e3a\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u8fd9\u6279\u4eba\u8d28\u679c\u7136\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\u56fd\u5185\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd8\u62cd\u6709\u5f71\u89c6\uff0c\u4f34\u4e4b\u6709\u4e0d\u4e09\u4e0d\u56db\u6d51\u4e0d\u9760\u8c31\u7684\u60c5\u8272\u72c2\u60f3\uff0c\u660e\u91cc\u6697\u91cc\u6307\u94b1\u79c0\u73b2\u4e0e\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u4e43\u60c5\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u4eba\u5f97\u4ee5\u9003\u51fa\u751f\u5929\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u975e\u94b1\u79c0\u73b2\u4e00\u4eba\u4e4b\u529f\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u66fe\u7ecf\u62b1\u6028\u8fc7\uff0c\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u4eba\u597d\u60f9\u4e8b\uff0c\u6bcf\u6bcf\u60f9\u51fa\u4e71\u5b50\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5168\u56fd\u4e0a\u4e0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u738b\u5ba4\u8d35\u65cf\u5c31\u4f1a\u7eb7\u7eb7\u51fa\u9762\u6c42\u60c5\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ed6\u7684\u5bbd\u6055\uff0c\u641e\u5f97\u4ed6\u5f88\u70e6\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u96be\u4ee5\u5e94\u4ed8\u3002<\/p>\n

1948\u5e74\uff0c\u9003\u8fc7\u591a\u6d1b\u7c73\u8482\u4e4b\u52ab\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u53c8\u88ab\u7f8e\u519b\u5f15\u6e21\u5230\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u6218\u4e89\u7f6a\u548c\u53cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u7f6a\u63a5\u53d7\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u6cd5\u5ead\u5ba1\u5224\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7f6a\u884c\u6210\u7acb\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5224\u5904\u7ede\u5211\u3002\u5728\u5ba1\u5224\u65f6\uff0c\u94b1\u79c0\u73b2\u51fa\u5ead\u4f5c\u8bc1\uff0c\u4ed7\u4e49\u6267\u8a00\uff0c\u5bf9\u51cf\u8f7b\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u7f6a\u8d23\u8d77\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u30021951\u5e74\uff0c72\u5c81\u7684\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u88ab\u5224\u590412\u5e74\u82e6\u5f79\uff0c\u5ba3\u5224\u540e\u4e09\u661f\u671f\u5373\u88ab\u9063\u8fd4\u897f\u5fb7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b9e\u9645\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u670d\u5211\u3002\u51b7\u6218\u7684\u5927\u5f62\u52bf\u4e0b\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u5404\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u6de1\u5316\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7f6a\u884c\uff0c\u5927\u6279\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7f6a\u72af\u5f97\u5230\u8d66\u514d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u57cb\u4e0b\u9690\u60a3\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a1968\u5e74\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5bfc\u706b\u7d22\u4e4b\u4e00\u30021952\u5e74\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u66fe\u7ed9\u843d\u9b44\u7684\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u5bc4\u53bb12000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u611f\u8c22\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u30021958\u5e74\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u9063\u4ee3\u8868\u5411\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u795d\u8d3a\u516b\u5341\u5927\u5bff\u5e76\u5411\u5176\u6388\u52cb\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1958\u5e74\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5411\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u4e0a\u5c06\u6388\u52cb<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5fb7\u56fd\u63f4\u534e\u987e\u95ee\u56e2\u53ca\u603b\u987e\u95ee\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6297\u6218\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u5f97\u5230\u6d77\u5ce1\u4e24\u5cb8\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c1970\u5e74\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b98\u65b9\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u5fb7\u56fd\u534e\u9a7b\u519b\u4e8b\u987e\u95ee\u56e2\u5de5\u4f5c\u7eaa\u8981\u300b\uff0c\u8bb0\u8ff0\u4e86\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u4e0e\u6307\u6325\u4e86\u6dde\u6caa\u6297\u6218\u4ee5\u53ca\u88ab\u8feb\u8fd4\u56fd\u7684\u53f2\u5b9e\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u8fd8\u63d0\u53ca\u5fb7\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u5c06\u519b\u548c\u524d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u90e8\u957f\u6c99\u8d6b\u7279\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6297\u6218\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u4eba\u6b8a\u9014\u540c\u5f52\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5747\u88ab\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u6293\u6355\uff0c\u90fd\u6210\u4e86\u88ab\u52ab\u6301\u5230\u591a\u6d1b\u7c73\u8482\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u7f8e\u519b\u89e3\u6551\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7279\u522b\u72af\uff08\u674e\u658c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6750\u6599\uff09<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u56db\u5ddd\u5efa\u5ddd\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4e3a\u63f4\u534e\u4e49\u58eb\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u7acb\u7891<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u4e3a\u795e\u5947\u7684\u662f\u524d\u8ff0\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u7279\u522b\u72af\u6cd5\u6bd4\u6602\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u65bd\u62c9\u5e03\u4f26\u591a\u592b\uff08Fabian von Schlabrendorff 1907 – 1980\uff09\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u65bd\u62c9\u5e03\u4f26\u591a\u592b\u662f\u519b\u4e2d\u53cd\u7eb3\u7cb9\u62b5\u6297\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u4eba\u7269\u6d77\u5b81\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u7279\u745e\u65af\u79d1\u592b\u5c06\u519b\u7684\u526f\u5b98\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u5176\u8868\u5f1f\u30021943\u5e74\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5230\u65af\u6469\u68f1\u65af\u514b\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u603b\u90e8\u89c6\u5bdf\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u65bd\u62c9\u5e03\u4f26\u591a\u592b\u548c\u51af\u00b7\u7279\u745e\u65af\u79d1\u592b\u4e00\u8d77\u5c06\u7206\u70b8\u88c5\u7f6e\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u767d\u5170\u5730\u9001\u4e0a\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u5ea7\u673a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u9ad8\u7a7a\u5bd2\u51b7\uff0c\u5f15\u4fe1\u53d1\u751f\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u6697\u6740\u884c\u52a8\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u201c720\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u65bd\u62c9\u5e03\u4f26\u591a\u592b\u88ab\u6355\uff0c\u7531\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\uff08Volksgericht\uff09\u9662\u957f\u4f5b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\uff08Roland Freisler 1893 – 1945\uff09\u4eb2\u81ea\u5ba1\u7406\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u7eb3\u7cb9\u65f6\u671f\u4e13\u95e8\u5ba1\u7406\u653f\u6cbb\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f5b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\u4ee5\u6b8b\u5fcd\u8840\u8165\u95fb\u540d\u4e8e\u4e16\uff0c\u4ec51943 – 1945\u5e74\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u5c31\u4f5c\u4e865000\u4f8b\u6b7b\u5211\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u800c\u4f5b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\u672c\u4eba\u6240\u505a\u7684\u6b7b\u5211\u521d\u5ba1\u5224\u51b3\u7adf\u8fbe2600\u4f8b\u4e4b\u591a\u3002\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u767d\u73ab\u7470\u6848\uff08Fall der wei\u00dfen Rose\uff09\uff0c\u201c720\u201d\u653f\u53d8\u6848\u7b49\u5747\u7531\u4f5b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\u5ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4eba\u79f0\u201c\u55dc\u8840\u6cd5\u5b98\u201d\uff08Blutrichter\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u6218\u4e2d\u7684\u6cd5\u6bd4\u6602\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u65bd\u62c9\u5e03\u4f26\u591a\u592b<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4f5b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\uff08\u4e2d\uff09\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u5f00\u5ead<\/p>\n

1945\u5e742\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u65bd\u62c9\u5e03\u4f26\u591a\u592b\u6848\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662\u5f00\u5ead\uff0c\u5982\u65e0\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u65bd\u62c9\u5e03\u4f26\u591a\u592b\u5fc5\u6b7b\u65e0\u7591\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5386\u53f2\u603b\u662f\u96be\u514d\u610f\u5916\u3002\u5728\u88c5\u6a21\u4f5c\u6837\u7684\u5ead\u5ba1\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5927\u697c\u906d\u5230\u7f8e\u519b\u7a7a\u88ad\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u6b64\u6b21\u7a7a\u88ad\u7684\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u4f20\u5947\u98de\u884c\u5458\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u7f57\u68ee\u5854\u5c14\uff08Robert Rosental 1917-2007\uff09\u3002\u4f5b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\u88ab\u5f53\u5ead\u70b8\u6b7b\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u6b7b\u65e0\u7591\u7684\u51af\u00b7\u65bd\u62c9\u5e03\u4f26\u591a\u592b\u5374\u5b89\u7136\u65e0\u6059\u3002\u636e\u51af\u00b7\u65bd\u62c9\u5e03\u4f26\u591a\u592b\u4e8b\u540e\u9648\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f5b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\u88ab\u70b8\u6b7b\u65f6\u624b\u91cc\u8fd8\u6525\u7740\u4ed6\u7684\u5377\u5b97\uff08\u53e6\u6709\u4e00\u8bf4\u4e3a\u4f5b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\u5728\u4e0b\u697c\u9003\u53bb\u9632\u7a7a\u6d1e\u65f6\u88ab\u5012\u584c\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u7838\u6b7b\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5ba1\u6cd5\u5b98\u6a2a\u6b7b\uff0c\u6848\u4ef6\u9042\u63a8\u8fdf\u5ba1\u7406\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u65bd\u62c9\u5e03\u4f26\u591a\u592b\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u94a6\u72af\u201d\u5173\u62bc\uff0c\u53c8\u9634\u5dee\u9633\u9519\u5730\u88ab\u62c9\u5230\u4e86\u591a\u6d1b\u7c73\u8482\uff0c\u5c31\u6b64\u9003\u51fa\u751f\u5929\uff0c\u62e3\u56de\u4e00\u6761\u6027\u547d\u3002\u5de7\u5408\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6218\u540e\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\u5ba1\u5224\u4e2d\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u65bd\u62c9\u5e03\u4f26\u591a\u592b\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u519b\u68c0\u65b9\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u800c\u7387\u9886\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u7fa4\u70b8\u6b7b\u4f5b\u83b1\u65af\u52d2\u7684\u7f8e\u519b\u98de\u884c\u5458\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u7f57\u68ee\u5854\u5c14\u5219\u62c5\u4efb\u7f8e\u65b9\u603b\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u6770\u514b\u68ee\uff08Robert H. Jackson 1892 \u2013 1954\uff09\u7684\u52a9\u7406\u3002\u57281945\u5e742\u67083\u65e5\u7684\u8f70\u70b8\u884c\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f57\u68ee\u5854\u5c14\u6307\u6325\u7684B-17\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5821\u5792\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u7a7a\u57df\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u5fb7\u65b9\u70ae\u706b\u51fb\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u6309\u7167\u4f5c\u6218\u8ba1\u5212\u5b8c\u6210\u6295\u5f39\u540e\uff0c\u7f57\u68ee\u5854\u5c14\u51b3\u5b9a\u5f03\u673a\u3002\u7f57\u68ee\u5854\u5c14\u5728\u5168\u90e8\u4e58\u5458\u5b89\u5168\u8df3\u4f1e\u540e\u79bb\u673a\uff0c\u964d\u843d\u81f3\u67cf\u6797\u4ee5\u4e1c\u7684\u82cf\u519b\u63a7\u5236\u533a\u5185\u3002\u88ab\u82cf\u519b\u89e3\u6551\u540e\uff0c\u7f57\u68ee\u5854\u5c14\u7acb\u523b\u53c8\u5192\u9669\u7a7f\u8d8a\u5fb7\u519b\u5360\u9886\u533a\u56de\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u53c2\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u519b\u4f20\u5947\u98de\u884c\u5458\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u7f57\u68ee\u5854\u5c14<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821\uff0c\u7f57\u68ee\u5854\u5c14\u662f\u6208\u6797\u548c\u51ef\u7279\u5c14\u7684\u9884\u5ba1\u5b98\u3002\u800c\u5728\u516c\u8bc9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u51af\u00b7\u65bd\u62c9\u5e03\u4f26\u591a\u592b\u7684\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u7f8e\u68c0\u65b9\u4e0d\u60dc\u5f97\u7f6a\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u5c06\u82cf\u8054\u5411\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u683d\u8d43\u7684\u5361\u5ef7\u68ee\u6797\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7f6a\u6848\u4ece\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7684\u516c\u8bc9\u4e66\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u65bd\u62c9\u5e03\u4f26\u591a\u592b\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u4e1c\u7ebf\u6218\u573a\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u5728\u5361\u5ef7\u53d1\u73b0\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7fa4\u846c\u5751\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u53d1\u6398\u65f6\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u5c31\u5728\u73b0\u573a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u72af\u4e0b\u5361\u5ef7\u5c60\u6740\u7f6a\u884c\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u7eb3\u7cb9\u800c\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u3002\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7684\u662f\uff0c1967\u5e74\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u65bd\u62c9\u5e03\u4f26\u591a\u592b\u672c\u4eba\u62c5\u4efb\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u5baa\u6cd5\u6cd5\u9662\uff08Bundesverfassungsgericht\uff09\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u3002\u66fe\u51e0\u4f55\u65f6\uff0c\u72af\u4eba\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u6b7b\u5211\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u5224\u51b3\u65f6\u70b8\u5f39\u6a2a\u7a7a\u98de\u6765\uff0c\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u70b8\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u72af\u4eba\u5374\u6d3b\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u72af\u4eba\u4e0e\u6254\u70b8\u5f39\u7684\u4eba\u6210\u4e86\u540c\u4e8b\uff0c\u518d\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u72af\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u3002\u56e0\u7f18\u9645\u9047\uff0c\u4e1d\u4e1d\u5165\u6263\uff0c\u518d\u72d7\u8840\u518d\u516b\u5366\u6050\u6015\u4e5f\u662f\u767e\u642d\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6218\u540e\u7684\u6cd5\u6bd4\u6602\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u65bd\u62c9\u5e03\u4f26\u591a\u592b<\/p>\n

\u51af\u00b7\u535a\u5b81\u4e0a\u6821\u5728\u4eba\u8d28\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\u88ab\u7f8e\u519b\u5173\u62bc\u4e86\u4e24\u5e74\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u53bb\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5316\u201d\u5ba1\u67e5\u540e\uff0c\u4e8e1947\u5e74\u83b7\u91ca\u3002\u5148\u662f\u5f00\u516c\u53f8\u641e\u8fd0\u8f93\uff0c\u540e\u53bb\u4e3a\u5954\u9a70\u516c\u53f8\u63a8\u9500\u6c7d\u8f66\u30021952\u5e74\uff0c\u88ab\u201c\u52c3\u6717\u514b\u5c40\u201d\uff08Die Dienststelle Blank\uff09\u62db\u52df\uff0c\u4efb\u89c4\u5212\u5c40\u957f\u3002\u201c\u52c3\u6717\u514b\u5c40\u201d\u662f\u8054\u90a6\u5fb7\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u5c40\u957f\u63d0\u5965\u591a\u00b7\u52c3\u6717\u514b\uff08Theodor A. Blank 1905 – 1972\uff09\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u4e3a\u4ee3\u53f7\uff0c\u4efb\u52a1\u4e3a\u91cd\u65b0\u6b66\u88c5\u897f\u5fb7\u30021955\u5e74\u897f\u5fb7\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u52c3\u6717\u514b\u51fa\u4efb\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u8054\u90a6\u5fb7\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u957f\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u89c4\u5212\u5c40\u957f\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u535a\u5b81\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u4e3a\u628a\u897f\u5fb7\u7eb3\u5165\u5317\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u516c\u7ea6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u524d\u8eab\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u9632\u536b\u4f53\u7cfb\u201d\u5236\u5b9a\u6218\u7565\u89c4\u5212\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u535a\u5b81\u751f\u6027\u4e0d\u5b89\u5206\u597d\u6298\u817e\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u611f\u5230\u5982\u679c\u897f\u5fb7\u9009\u8fb9\u4f9d\u9644\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u7f8e\u82cf\u5f00\u6218\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6218\u573a\uff0c\u540e\u679c\u4e0d\u582a\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5fb7\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u613f\u666f\u5c06\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u65e0\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u535a\u5b81\u9042\u5c06\u6218\u7565\u89c4\u5212\u5411\u5a92\u4f53\u5916\u6cc4\uff0c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f9\u5f97\u9e21\u98de\u72d7\u8df3\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u535a\u5b81\u672c\u4eba\u8fd8\u6210\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u201c\u660e\u955c\u201d\u5468\u520a\u7684\u5c01\u9762\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u540e\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u7edd\u5bf9\u5fe0\u8bda\u201d\u6216\u201c\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5fe0\u8bda\u201d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff08illoyales Verhalten\uff09\u88ab\u5f00\u9664\u519b\u7c4d\u30021980\u5e74\u51af\u00b7\u535a\u5b81\u5728\u6c49\u8bfa\u5a01\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u83b1\u5c14\u7279\u53bb\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6218\u540e\u51af\u00b7\u535a\u5b81\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u770b\u5230\u897f\u5fb7\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u82cf\u4e89\u9738\u7684\u727a\u7272\u54c1\uff0c\u5411\u5a92\u4f53\u6cc4\u6f0f\u673a\u5bc6\uff0c\u88ab\u5f00\u9664\u519b\u7c4d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u300a\u660e\u955c\u5468\u520a\u300b\u5c01\u9762\u4eba\u7269<\/p>\n

\u5728\u88ab\u89e3\u6551\u7684\u4eba\u8d28\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u8457\u540d\u548c\u6700\u5177\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u4fe1\u4e49\u5b97\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u5c3c\u7a46\u52d2\uff08Martin Niem\u00f6ller\uff09\u3002\u5c3c\u7a46\u52d2\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e2d\u5e94\u5f81\u7687\u5bb6\u6d77\u519b\uff0c\u66fe\u662f\u4f20\u5947\u7684U39\u53f7\u6f5c\u8247\u7684\u8235\u624b\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e8c\u6218\u65f6\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u6d77\u519b\u53f8\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u63a5\u73ed\u4eba\u9093\u5c3c\u8328\u540c\u8247\u4f5c\u6218\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u4e00\u7ea7\u94c1\u5341\u5b57\u52cb\u7ae0\u3002\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u5c3c\u7a46\u52d2\u968f\u6f5c\u8247\u8f6c\u6218\u6ce2\u7f57\u7684\u6d77\uff0c\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\uff0c\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u540e\u671f\u5c3c\u7a46\u52d2\u6210\u4e3aUC67\u53f7\u6c34\u96f7\u6f5c\u8247\u8247\u957f\uff0c\u66fe\u53c2\u4e0e\u5c01\u9501\u6cd5\u56fd\u9a6c\u8d5b\u6e2f\u7684\u5e03\u96f7\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986\u524d\u5c3c\u7a46\u52d2\u7684\u201c\u8d77\u521d\u4ed6\u4eec\u201d\u7891\u94ed<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u8d77\u521d\u4ed6\u4eec\u201d\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5c3c\u7a46\u52d2\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u8868\u8ff0\u8fd8\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u5c3c\u7a46\u52d2\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u6218\u540e\u53cd\u601d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u8fd9\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u591a\u6d1b\u7c73\u8482\u89e3\u6551\u884c\u52a8\u5bbf\u547d\u822c\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee1966\u5e74\u5728\u4ed6\u592b\u4eba\u7684\u5b88\u62a4\u4e2d\u79bb\u4e16\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u592b\u4eba\u6e29\u7279\uff08Cecile Vent\uff09\u4e3a\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u8457\u540d\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5973\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u662f\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u56fd\u5bb6\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u53cd\u6297\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u66b4\u653f\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002\u6e29\u7279\u5728\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u5750\u7262\u671f\u95f4\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u6218\u72af\u76d1\u72f1\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e24\u4eba\u5f97\u4ee5\u76f8\u8bc6\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u83b7\u91ca\u540e\uff0c\u6e29\u7279\u79bb\u5bb6\u53bb\u56fd\u8ffd\u968f\u4ed6\u53bb\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u540e\u4fe9\u4eba\u7ec8\u5f97\u7275\u624b\uff0c\u81f3\u6b7b\u76f8\u4f34\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u665a\u5e74\u7684\u51af\u00b7\u6cd5\u80af\u8c6a\u68ee\u548c\u6e29\u7279<\/p>\n

\u51af\u00b7\u65bd\u62c9\u5e03\u4f26\u591a\u592b1975\u5e74\u7531\u8054\u90a6\u5baa\u6cd5\u6cd5\u9662\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5378\u4efb\uff0c1980\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\u3002\u65bd\u62c9\u5e03\u4f26\u591a\u592b\u6218\u540e\u4e3a\u201c720\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u7684\u5fd7\u58eb\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u5e73\u51e1\u662d\u96ea\u505a\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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