{"id":75709,"date":"2026-09-07T05:41:37","date_gmt":"2026-09-06T21:41:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=75709"},"modified":"2026-09-07T05:41:37","modified_gmt":"2026-09-06T21:41:37","slug":"%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e9%a6%96%e4%bd%8d%e5%a4%96%e4%ba%a4%e5%85%ac%e4%bd%bf-%e8%92%b2%e5%ae%89%e8%87%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=75709","title":{"rendered":"\u4e2d\u56fd\u9996\u4f4d\u5916\u4ea4\u516c\u4f7f\u2014\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6765\u6e90: \u7f8e\u534e\u53f2\u8bb0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u4f5c\u8005: \u7b80\u8a00\u540d(Jane Cui)<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5728\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5954\u8d70\u547c\u53f7\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6b89\u804c\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u524d\u597d\u53cb\u9a6c\u514b\u5410\u6e29\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5bf9\u5404\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u65e0\u79c1\u5e2e\u52a9\u548c\u4ec1\u6148\u80f8\u6000\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d8a\u8fc7\u4e86\u56fd\u754c\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u540e\uff0c\u6218\u8d25\u7684\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u9010\u6e10\u653e\u5f03\u5b97\u85e9\u5173\u7cfb\u671d\u8d21\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u81ea1861\u6210\u7acb\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\uff0c1866\u5e74\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6d3e\u51fa\u8003\u5bdf\u56e2\uff0c\u52301867\u5e74\u6b63\u5f0f\u6d3e\u9063\u5916\u4ea4\u4f7f\u56e2\uff0c\u518d\u52301877\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u4ea4\u4f7f\u9986\u3002\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7528\u4e86\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u514b\u670d\u8fd9\u79cd\u969c\u788d\u548c\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u6240\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u5ea6\u4f5c\u51fa\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u201d\u5728\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u63a2\u7d22\u65b0\u7684\u5bf9\u5916\u5173\u7cfb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5947\u7279\u800c\u53c8\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\uff081861.6-1867.11\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u53c8\u4ee5\u9996\u4f4d\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f7f\u8282\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u7a7f\u68ad\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730(1867.11-1870.2)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cc\u91cd\u5916\u4ea4\u8eab\u4efd\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e43\u81f3\u4e16\u754c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5916\u4ea4\u53f2\u4e0a\u90fd\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\uff01<\/p>\n

\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\uff08Anson Burlingame\uff0cNovember 14, 1820 \uff0cNew Berlin, New York\u2013 February 23, 1870, St. Petersburg, Russia)\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u4ed61841\u5e74\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5927\u5b66Detroit\u5206\u6821\uff0c1846\u5e74\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u3002\u5148\u5f53\u5f8b\u5e08\u540e\u8fdb\u653f\u754c\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u653f\u754c\u4f0a\u59cb\u4ed6\u4fbf\u62c5\u4efb\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\uff08Massachusetts state senator 1853-1854\uff09\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff08U.S. House of Representatives 1855-1861\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u8fd8\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5171\u548c\u515a(Republican Party)\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u56fe\u72471\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3<\/p>\n

\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u5e9f\u5974\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u30021856\u5e745\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u5357\u5361\u7f57\u83b1\u7eb3\u5dde\u4f17\u8bae\u5458\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af \uff08Preston Brooks)\u7528\u624b\u6756\u628a\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u8428\u59c6\u7eb3(Charles Sumner)\u6253\u6210\u91cd\u4f24\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4e09\u5929\u524d\uff0c\u8428\u59c6\u7eb3\u58f0\u8ba8\u5357\u65b9\u84c4\u5974\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5728\u582a\u8428\u65af\u5236\u9020\u7684\u66b4\u4e71\uff0c\u5c16\u9510\u5730\u8c34\u8d23\u4e86\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u7684\u5802\u5144\uff0c\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u5df4\u7279\u52d2\uff08Andrew Butler\uff09\u3002\u4e09\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u5927\u5385\u5185\uff0c\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u5c31\u628a\u8428\u59c6\u7eb3\u6253\u5f97\u4e0d\u7701\u4eba\u4e8b\uff0c\u624b\u6756\u6253\u6210\u4e24\u622a\u3002\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\u4e3e\u53d7\u5230\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u8c34\u8d23\uff0c\u4fe8\u7136\u6210\u4e86\u5357\u65b9\u84c4\u5974\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u82f1\u96c4\u3002\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u4e0a\u64b0\u6587\u75db\u9a82\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\uff0c\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u65cb\u5373\u5411\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4e0b\u4e86\u51b3\u6597\u6218\u4e66\u3002\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5e94\u6218\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528\u6b65\u67aa\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u5c3c\u4e9a\u52a0\u62c9\u5927\u7011\u5e03\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e00\u4fa7\u4e0e\u4e4b\u51b3\u6597\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u5f00\u7f8e\u56fd\u7981\u6b62\u51b3\u6597\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u6ca1\u6599\u5230\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4f1a\u6b23\u7136\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u53c8\u5f97\u77e5\u4ed6\u662f\u51fa\u4e86\u540d\u7684\u795e\u62a2\u624b\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u6ca1\u6562\u53bb\u51b3\u6597\uff0c\u4e0d\u6218\u800c\u9000\u3002\u7ecf\u7531\u6b64\u4e8b\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u540d\u58f0\u5927\u632f\u6210\u4e3a\u5e9f\u5974\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u82f1\u96c4\u3002 \uff08\u89c1\u56fe\u4e8c\uff09\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7eaa\u5ff5\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5e9f\u5974\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u582a\u8428\u65af\u81ea\u7531\u5dde\u515a\uff08Kansas Free-State party\uff09\u628a\u94c1\u8def\u65c1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u9547\uff0c\u4ee5\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u547d\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u56fe\u72472.\u4e0d\u6218\u800c\u80dc\u7684\u51b3\u6597<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u597d\u67aa\u6cd5\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u8fd8\u4ee5\u53e3\u624d\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u96c4\u8fa9\u4e14\u6709\u611f\u67d3\u529b\u3002\u5728\u6ce2\u58eb\u987f\u5f53\u5f8b\u5e08\u65f6\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u81ea\u7531\u571f\u5730\u515a\uff08United States Free Soil Party\uff0c\u77ed\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53cd\u84c4\u5974\u653f\u515a\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u5c31\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8d5e\u8a89\u30021856\u5e746\u67082\u65e5\u4ed6\u5728\u8457\u540d\u6f14\u8bf4\u300a\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\u7684\u6297\u8fa9\u300b\u4e2d\u547c\u5401\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u81ea\u7531\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u5e26\u6765\u7834\u574f\u65e0\u77e5\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u5974\u96b6\u5236\uff1f\u4ed6\u547c\u5401\u6b63\u76f4\u3001\u6709\u5934\u8111\u3001\u6709\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u90fd\u6765\u601d\u8003\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6f14\u8bf4\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u89e3\u653e\u9ed1\u5974\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6587\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u72474. \u9a6c\u621b\u5c14\u5c3c\u4f7f\u56e2\u6210\u5458\u3001\u753b\u5bb6\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u7ed8\u5236\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u57ce\u95e8<\/p>\n

1861\u5e743\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u4e0a\u4efb\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u6797\u80af\u603b\u7edf\u4efb\u547d\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4e3a\u9a7b\u5965\u5730\u5229\u516c\u4f7f\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u540c\u60c5\u5308\u7259\u5229\u9769\u547d\u3001\u652f\u6301\u62c9\u7ea6\u4ec0\u79d1\u82cf\u7279\uff08Lajos Kossuth\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u7684Sardinian\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e3a\u7531\u52a0\u4ee5\u62d2\u7edd\u3002 \u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u884c\u81f3\u5df4\u9ece\u5f97\u6b64\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u8fdb\u9000\u7ef4\u8c37\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u6797\u80af\u603b\u7edf\u5f97\u77e5\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5141\u8bb8\u5217\u5f3a\u9063\u4f7f\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u4e8e1861\u5e746\u670814\u65e5\u6539\u6d3e\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\uff0c\u4efb\u671f6\u5e74\u3002\uff08\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e13\u5458\u6216\u516c\u4f7f\u5728\u534e\u751f\u6d3b\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e24\u5e74\u3002\uff09\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u7531\u5df4\u9ece\u542f\u7a0b\u8d74\u5317\u4eac\uff0c1861\u5e74\u5e95\u5230\u5e7f\u5dde\uff0c1862\u5e747\u670820\u65e5\u62b5\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u6210\u4e3a\u9996\u6279\u5165\u9a7b\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u5165\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e94\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5904\u5883\u66f4\u4e3a\u8270\u96be\u3002\u5185\u90e8\u662f\u957f\u8fbe13\u5e74\u7684\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u540c\u6cbb\u9655\u7518\u56de\u53d8\u3001\u637b\u519b\u7b49\u5927\u5927\u5c0f\u5c0f\u65e0\u6570\u7684\u5185\u4e71\u548c\u6740\u622e\uff1b\u5916\u9762\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u5217\u5f3a\u73af\u4f3a\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4e3b\u6743\u804c\u80fd\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u867d\u672a\u76f4\u63a5\u51fa\u5175\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5229\u76ca\u5747\u6cbe\u201d\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u8feb\u4f7f\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u7b7e\u4e0b\u300a\u671b\u53a6\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5929\u6d25\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u30021861\u5e744\u6708\u7f8e\u56fd\u5185\u6218\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u65e0\u6687\u987e\u53ca\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5175\u529b\u6d3e\u5f80\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u534e\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8d8b\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b88\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u534e\u5949\u884c\u201c\u5408\u4f5c\u653f\u7b56\u201d\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u534e\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u201c\u6761\u7ea6\u6743\u5229\u201d\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5217\u5f3a\u8fc7\u65e9\u74dc\u5206\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5408\u4f5c\u653f\u7b56\u201d\uff08Co-operation policy\uff09\u662f\u7531\u897f\u534e\u5fb7\uff08William henry Seward) \u3010\u6ce8\u89e34\u3011\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u6797\u80af\u603b\u7edf1860\u5e74\u4efb\u547d\u897f\u534e\u5fb7\u4e3a\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4f4d\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u4ece\u4fc4\u56fd\u4e70\u4e0b\u963f\u62c9\u65af\u52a0\uff0c\u8ba9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5bcc\u5f97\u6d41\u77f3\u6cb9\u7684\u5927\u7247\u571f\u5730\u3002\u800c\u8d2d\u4e70\u963f\u62c9\u65af\u52a0\u672c\u610f\u662f\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u901a\u5f80\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u897f\u534e\u5fb7\u201c\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d(American Empire)\u6784\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u201c\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\uff08American Empire in Pacific\uff09\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4ee5\u4e9a\u6d32\u3001\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u9886\u571f\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u5e94\u662f\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u548c\u8fdc\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u3002\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5546\u4e1a\u6269\u5f20\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u9886\u571f\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u624b\u6bb5\u662f\u8d38\u6613\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u5229\u5251\u51b3\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u6d3e\u5f80\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4f7f\u8282\u3002\u201d \u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u5c31\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u9738\u6743\u968f\u7740\u5546\u4e1a\u4f18\u52bf\u800c\u6765\u3002\u201d \u897f\u534e\u5fb7\u6210\u4e3a\u63a8\u52a8\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ecb\u5165\u4e16\u754c\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u4e16\u754c\u683c\u5c40\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6784\u5efa\u8005\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4eca\u5929\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u6218\u7565\u90e8\u7f72\u4ecd\u6709\u897f\u534e\u5fb7\u6784\u60f3\u7684\u6df1\u6df1\u70d9\u5370\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u72475 \u84b2\u5b89\u81e3<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u72476 \u897f\u534e\u5fb7<\/p>\n

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\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u662f\u201c\u5408\u4f5c\u653f\u7b56\u201d\u575a\u5b9a\u6267\u884c\u8005\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\uff08\u548c\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\uff09\u56db\u5230\u516d\u4e2a\u6708\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4ed6\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u548c\u897f\u534e\u5fb7\u5bf9\u534e\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u89c2\u70b9\u5e76\u65e0\u4e8c\u81f4\u3002 \u5728\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u548c\u897f\u534e\u5fb7\u4e4b\u95f4\u957f\u8fbe\u516d\u5e74\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u57281863\u5e746\u670820\u65e5\u5199\u7ed9\u897f\u534e\u5fb7\u4e00\u5c01\u957f\u4fe1\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7f8e\u56fd\u6761\u7ea6\u6743\u5229\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u65e2\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5360\u7528\u79df\u754c\uff1b\u4e0d\u5e72\u6d89\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u653f\uff1b\u4e0d\u5a01\u80c1\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9886\u571f\u5b8c\u6574\u201d\u3002\uff08\u89c1\u56fe5\uff09\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u906d\u9047\u5404\u79cd\u969c\u788d\u8fd8\u662f\u5404\u65b9\u6307\u8d23\uff0c\u4ea6\u6216\u662f\u9738\u51cc\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8bf1\u60d1\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u59cb\u7ec8\u5982\u4e00\u3002\u9b4f\u6590\u5217\uff08Frederick Wells Williams \uff09\u3010\u6ce8\u89e35\u3011\u5728\u4ed6\u4e13\u95e8\u7814\u7a76\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5916\u4ea4\u51fa\u4f7f\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5728\uff08\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u62c5\u4efb\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\uff09\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u4ece\u5927\u6d0b\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4fa7\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u5175\u4e00\u5352\uff0c\u4ed6\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u5c40\u9762\u5b8c\u5168\u51fa\u81ea\u4ed6\u975e\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u575a\u5b9a\u4fe1\u5ff5\u201d\u3002 \u6b63\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ece\u6ca1\u6709\u5411\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u51fa\u5272\u8ba9\u571f\u5730\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u72475. \u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u7ed9\u897f\u534e\u5fb7\u7684\u4fe1<\/p>\n

\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f0a\u59cb\u5c31\u63a8\u52a8\u201c\u5408\u4f5c\u653f\u7b56\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\u5e03\u9c81\u65af(F.W.A.Bruce)\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\u67cf\u5c14\u5fb7\u5bc6(J. F.G.Berthemy),\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fc4\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7f\u5df4\u7559\u6377\u514b(L.TH. Baluzeck)\uff0c\u5c31\u5bf9\u534e\u653f\u7b56\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u8be6\u8c08\u3002\u82f1\u6cd5\u4fc4\u7f8e\u90fd\u5df2\u901a\u8fc7\u6761\u7ea6\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f7f\u5217\u5f3a\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u9762\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6bd4\u52a8\u8361\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u66f4\u80fd\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u56db\u4f4d\u516c\u4f7f\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u90fd\u6709\u5b57\u6bcd\u201cB\u201d\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u56dbB\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u79f0\u662f\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b89\u5168\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u662f\u4f4d\u53cd\u5974\u6597\u58eb\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\u4f7f\u4ed6\u53cd\u611f\u4ee5\u5f3a\u6b3a\u5f31\uff0c\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u52a0\u4e4b\u5217\u5f3a\u5404\u56fd\u90fd\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u4ea7\u751f\u75b2\u6001\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7531\u5e74\u8f7b\u4e14\u9677\u5165\u5185\u6218\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u63a8\u884c\u7684\u201c\u5408\u4f5c\u653f\u7b56\u201d\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u5f97\u98ce\u5e73\u6d6a\u9759\uff0c\u4e00\u5e06\u98ce\u987a\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u6210\u529f\u63a8\u884c\u201c\u5408\u4f5c\u653f\u7b56\u201d\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

1.\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u30021862\u5e74\u590f\uff0c\u6e05\u671d\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u53d1\u751f\u5916\u4ea4\u6469\u64e6\uff0c\u6e05\u5ef7\u91cd\u81e3\u6587\u7965\u5c31\u66fe\u8bf7\u6c42\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u63a8\u8350\u4e00\u90e8\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5177\u6709\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u8457\u4f5c, \u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u60e0\u987f\u8457\u7684\u300a\u4e07\u56fd\u516c\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u5f53\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u901a\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u4e0a\u6d77\u9886\u4e8b\u5f97\u77e5\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4e01\u97ea\u826f\uff08William M.P. Matin)\u3010\u6ce8\u89e36\u3011\u6b63\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u4e01\u97ea\u826f\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u8bd1\u7a3f\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7ed9\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u3002\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u540c\u610f\u534f\u52a9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5e76\u62e8\u4ed8500\u4e24\u767d\u94f6\u8d44\u52a9\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u8fd8\u6d3e\u51fa\u4e864\u540d\u7cbe\u901a\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u7ae0\u4eac\u534f\u52a9\u6da6\u8272\u6587\u7a3f\u30021864\u5e74\u6625\uff0c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u57df\u6263\u7559\u4e39\u9ea6\u5546\u8239\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u666e\u4e39\u5927\u6cbd\u53e3\u8239\u8236\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u3002\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u6839\u636e\u300a\u4e07\u56fd\u516c\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a \u201c\u5916\u56fd\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d0b\u9762\uff0c\u6263\u7559\u522b\u56fd\u4e4b\u8239\uff0c\u4e43\u663e\u7cfb\u593a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u6743, \u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u201d \u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f46\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u4e5f\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u7406\u6709\u636e\u5730\u628a\u8fd9\u573a\u5916\u4ea4\u7ea0\u7eb7\u987a\u5229\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u8ba9\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5f88\u5feb\u6b64\u4e66\u5c31\u57281864\u5e74\u51ac\uff0c\u7531\u4e01\u97ea\u826f\u6240\u521b\u529e\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u5b66\u6821\u5d07\u5b9e\u9986\u520a\u5370\u53d1\u884c\u3002\u4e01\u97ea\u826f\u5728\u300a\u4e07\u56fd\u516c\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u9898\u732e\u4e2d\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u963f\u601d\u672c\u8230\u961f (Lay-Osborn Flotilla) \u30021862\u5e741\u6708\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u4ece\u82f1\u56fd\u8d2d\u4e70\u6765\u76846\u8258\u519b\u8230\u30012\u8258\u4f9b\u5e94\u8239\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u9547\u538b\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u8fd0\u52a8(\u89c1\u56fe\u516d)\u30021863\u5e74\u8230\u961f\u5230\u4e86\u5929\u6d25\u5374\u6210\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u674e\u6cf0\u56fd\u3010\u6ce8\u89e37\u3011\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u8230\u961f\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u542c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6307\u6325\u3002\u674e\u6cf0\u56fd\u8981\u6c42\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u548c\u963f\u65af\u672c\uff08\u8230\u961f\u53f8\u4ee4\uff09\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u5408\u540c\u201c\u5341\u4e09\u6761\u534f\u8bae\u201d\u3002\u8230\u961f\u6210\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u5175\u6743\u7684 \u201c\u82f1\u4e2d\u8054\u5408\u8230\u961f\u201d \uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u6743\u8d35\u89d2\u529b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u781d\u7801\u30021863\u5e7411\u67087\u65e5\u5728\u7ed9\u897f\u534e\u5fb7\u7684\u516c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u8bf4\u4ed6\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee5\u540e\u6700\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8fd9\u53ea\u8230\u961f\u7684\u52a8\u5411\uff0c\u4ed6\u5411\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u54a8\u8be2\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e8b\uff0c\u5728\u7ed9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u516c\u6587\u4e2d\u4e5f\u62a5\u544a\u8fc7\u6b64\u4e8b\u3002\u5f53\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u62d2\u7edd\u7b7e\u534f\u5b9a\u5426\u8ba4\u8230\u961f\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u654f\u9510\u5730\u89c9\u5bdf\u5230\u8230\u961f\u53bb\u5411\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5927\u540d\u3001\u6cbf\u6d77\u7684\u6d77\u76d7\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5357\u65b9\u519b\u90fd\u5728\u89ca\u89ce\u519b\u8230\u3002\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5199\u5230\uff1a \u201c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\uff0c\u8230\u961f\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u8258\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5feb\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8230\u8239\u90fd\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u7c7b\u5148\u8fdb\u2026\u6211\u5f88\u5947\u602a\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u7acb\u523b\u62d2\u7edd\u534f\u8bae\u201d\u3002\u6700\u540e\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u6309\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u62cd\u5356\u8239\u53ea\uff0c\u89e3\u6563\u8230\u961f\uff0c\u652f\u4ed8\u5de8\u989d\u9063\u6563\u8d39\uff0c \u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u9760\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u6d77\u9632\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u3002\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u6b64\u767d\u767d\u6d88\u8017\u4e8667\u4e07\u4e24\u767d\u94f6\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u8d6b\u5fb7\uff08Robert Hart\uff09\u3010\u6ce8\u89e38\u3011\u53d6\u4ee3\u674e\u6cf0\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u5173\u603b\u7a0e\u52a1\u53f8\u957f\u8fbe48\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u72476. \u963f\u601d\u672c\u8230\u961f\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u4e3a\u91d1\u53f0\u53f7\u3001\u4e00\u7edf\u53f7\u3001\u5e7f\u5bff\u53f7<\/p>\n

3.\u6d77\u5173\u9886\u822a\u6761\u4f8b\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u57281867\u5e74\u7ed9\u897f\u534e\u5fb7\u7684\u516c\u6587\u5199\u5230\uff1a\u201c\uff08\u901a\u5546\u53e3\u5cb8\uff09\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u9886\u4e8b\u62d2\u7edd\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u8425\u53e3\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u9886\u4e8bMr. Meadows\u4e5f\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u4e8bMr. Knight\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u9a7b\u6caa\u9886\u4e8b\u963f\u793c\u56fd\uff08Sir Rutherford Alcock\uff09\u3010\u6ce8\u89e39\u3011\u7684\u9996\u80af\u4e0b\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u51fa\u53f0\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9886\u822a\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373\u82f1\u56fd\u9886\u822a\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5546\u8239\u9886\u822a\uff0c\u4f46\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5546\u8239\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u9886\u822a\u3002\u201d\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u975e\u6cd5\u548c\u4e0d\u516c\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6cd5\u3001\u666e\u3001\u4fc4\u53ca\u82f1\u56fd\u9a7b\u4e0a\u6d77\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98Sir Edmond Horndy\u90fd\u53cd\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e3e\uff0c\u963f\u793c\u56fd\u53ea\u597d\u4f5c\u7f62\u3002\u6700\u540e\u5404\u56fd\u90fd\u540c\u610f\u9886\u822a\u5e94\u5f52\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u5173\u7f72\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u5173\u7684\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u8d6b\u5fb7\u3002\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u65b9\u4fbf\u6211\u4eec\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\uff09\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u672c\u7740\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f8e\u56fd\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u201c\u5408\u4f5c\u653f\u7b56\u201d\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9886\u571f\u5b8c\u6574\u548c\u4e3b\u6743\u3002\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u7684\u8010\u5fc3\u3001\u7406\u667a\u3001\u53ca\u5bf9\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u628a\u63a7\u90fd\u7ed9\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u57281867\u5e744\u670810\u65e5\u7ed9\u897f\u534e\u5fb7\u7684\u4fe1\u91cc\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u5408\u4f5c\u653f\u7b56\u201d\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff1a\u201c\u4f20\u6559\u5f97\u5230\u6269\u5c55,\u8d38\u6613\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e09\u500d,\u79d1\u6280\u4eba\u5458\u88ab\u8058\u8bf7,\u60e0\u987f\u7684\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u300b\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u519b\u4e8b\u6559\u80b2\u88ab\u91c7\u7eb3\uff0c\u8fd1\u4e00\u767e\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u673a\u6784\u670d\u52a1\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u201c\u5408\u4f5c\u653f\u7b56\u201d\u6700\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6210\u679c\u662f1868\u5e74\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5e26\u9886\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6b63\u5f0f\u51fa\u8bbf\u548c\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u300a\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5916\u4ea4\u51fa\u8bbf-\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4f7f\u56e2<\/strong><\/p>\n

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1865\u5e7411\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u5173\u603b\u7a0e\u52a1\u53f8\u7684\u8d6b\u5fb7\u5411\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u5c40\u5916\u65c1\u89c2\u8bba\u300b\u7684\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u94c1\u8def\u3001\u8f6e\u8239\u3001\u7535\u62a5\u3001\u77ff\u4e1a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u4ea4\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u597d\u5904\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u4f7f\u9986\u53c2\u8d5e\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\uff08Thomas Francis Wade\uff09\u3010\u6ce8\u89e310\u3011 \u57281866\u5e74\u4e5f\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u300a\u65b0\u4e49\u7565\u8bba\u300b\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u4e66\uff0c\u9610\u8ff0\u5174\u529e\u94c1\u8def\u3001\u7535\u62a5\u3001\u77ff\u4e1a\u3001\u529e\u5b66\u3001\u897f\u6cd5\u7ec3\u5175\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d3e\u9a7b\u5916\u4ea4\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u597d\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u540c\u65e5\uff0811\u670821\u65e5\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u6cbb\u7687\u5e1d\u6279\u590d\uff1a\u201c\u4f7f\u81e3\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5904\u4e8b\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u6d1e\u6089\u4e2d\u5916\u5927\u4f53\uff0c\u7740\u5373\u6d3e\u5f80\u6709\u7ea6\u5404\u56fd\uff0c\u5145\u529e\u7406\u5404\u56fd\u4e2d\u5916\u4ea4\u6d89\u4e8b\u52a1\u5927\u81e3\u3002\u201d\uff08\u89c1\u56fe\u4e03\uff09\u4f7f\u56e2\u91cc\u8fd8\u6709\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\uff08Mcleavy Brown\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\uff08E. de Champs\uff09\u5de6\u53f3\u534f\u52a9\u3002\u4e94\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u53c8\u547d\u6d77\u5173\u9053\u5fd7\u521a\uff08\u6ee1\uff09\u548c\u793c\u90e8\u90ce\u4e2d\u5b59\u5bb6\u6996\uff08\u6c49\uff09\u201c\u5747\u7740\u8d4f\u52a0\u4e8c\u54c1\u9876\u6234\uff0c\u5b59\u5bb6\u6996\u5e76\u8d4f\u6234\u82b1\u7fce\u2026\u524d\u5f80\u6709\u7ea6\u56fd\u5404\u56fd\uff0c\u5145\u529e\u7406\u4e2d\u5916\u4ea4\u6d89\u4e8b\u52a1\u5927\u81e3\u3002\u201d\uff08\u89c1\u56fe\u516b\uff09\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5b98\u8854\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u91cc\u6709\u201c\u5404\u56fd\u201c\u4e24\u5b57\uff0c\u800c\u5fd7\u521a\u548c\u5b59\u5bb6\u8c37\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u51fa\u53d1\u524d\uff0c\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u81f4\u7535\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u526f\u4f7f\u536b\u4e09\u754f\uff08Samuel Wells Williams)\u3010\u6ce8\u89e311\u3011 , \u4e00\u518d\u8bf4\u660e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f7f\u56e2\u7531\u4e09\u540d\u94a6\u5dee\u5927\u81e3\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u4e60\u4fd7\u4e0d\u901a\u3002\u6d3e\u5fd7\u521a\u3001\u5b59\u5bb6\u6996\u548c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u540c\u4e3a\u201c\u529e\u7406\u4e2d\u5916\u4ea4\u6d89\u4e8b\u52a1\u5927\u81e3\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u65e2\u5f70\u548c\u597d\uff0c\u517c\u8d44\u5386\u7ec3\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u540e\u4e2d\u5916\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u8f99\u53ef\u5faa\uff0c\u6613\u4e8e\u4e3e\u529e\u201d\u3002\u4f7f\u56e2\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u89e3\u5404\u56fd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff1b\u63a2\u8be2\u5404\u56fd\u4fee\u7ea6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u8981\u6c42\uff1b\u529d\u963b\u5404\u56fd\u52ff\u501f\u4fee\u7ea6\u751f\u4e8b\uff0c\u5e72\u6d89\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u3002 \u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u6bcf\u5e74\u652f\u4ed8\u5de5\u8d448\u5343\u82f1\u9551\u7ed9\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\uff0c2\u5343\u82f1\u9551\u7ed9Mcleavy Brown\uff0c\u4f7f\u56e2\u6bcf\u5e74\u603b\u82b1\u8d39\u4e0d\u8d85\u51fa2\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e24\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u56fe9 \u4f7f\u56e2\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u6210\u5458\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n

\u56fd\u4e66\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u51fa\u4e09\u4eba\u9886\u5bfc\u88ab\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u51fa\u8bbf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u7a76\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u4eba\u4e3a\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4eba\u4e3a\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u56fd\u4e66\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u8bd1\u7a3f\u662f\uff1a\u201cthat relates to the duties of imperial commissioner in the United States will devolve alone on Mr. Burlingame, and his decision will be final.\u201d \u56fd\u4e66\u91cc\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u6709\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u5b9a\u6743\u8fd9\u5c42\u610f\u601d\u3002\u82f1\u6587\u8bd1\u7a3f\u201cbut the correspondence with the Foreign Office at Peking will properly devolve on the two Chinese commissioners, who will at all times consult with Mr. Burlingame in attending to their duties.\u201d \u539f\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5374\u662f\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u81ea\u7136\u5e94\u4e0e\u5fd7\u3001\u5b59\u4e8c\u4eba\u534f\u5546\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u601d\u8003\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5Johannes Von Gumpach\u8bf4\u82f1\u8bd1\u7248\u56fd\u4e66 \u201c\u8fd9\u7b80\u76f4\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u5916\u4ea4\u8d5d\u54c1\u201d \u3002\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5c31\u662f\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4e0d\u61c2\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u5fd7\u3001\u5b59\u4e8c\u4eba\u4e0d\u61c2\u82f1\u6587\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u968f\u884c\u7684\u540c\u6587\u9986\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a \u201clearner\u201d \uff0c \u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4e09\u4eba\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u51fa\u8bbf\u5927\u4f7f\uff0c\u52bf\u5fc5\u4f1a\u7531\u4e00\u4eba\u51fa\u5934\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u6587\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5c31\u843d\u5728\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u7684\u5934\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe10 \u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4f7f\u56e2\u5408\u5f71<\/p>\n

1868\u5e745\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u548c\u5fd7\u521a\u3001\u5b59\u5bb6\u6996\u7387\u9886\u968f\u5458\u53ca\u540c\u6587\u9986\u7684\u5b66\u751f30\u591a\u4eba\u6765\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u4f7f\u56e2\u79bb\u5f00\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u770b\u5230\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u6307\u8d23\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e0d\u5fe0\u8bda\u3002\u4e00\u8def\u4e0a\u4ed6\u60f4\u60f4\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u6000\u7591\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u800c\u51fa\u5356\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u5f53\u8239\u9760\u5cb8\u5230\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\uff0c\u4ed6\u770b\u5230\u5cb8\u4e0a\u4eba\u5934\u6512\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd8\u60f3\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e86\u654c\u610f\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u6765\u627e\u4ed6\u7b97\u5e10\u3002\u4ed6\u5c3d\u91cf\u51b7\u9759\u5730\u95ee\u4ed6\u89c1\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u805a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff1f\u6b64\u4eba\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\uff0c\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u90fd\u5728\u6b22\u8fce\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f7f\u8005\uff01\u201d\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4e00\u9897\u60ac\u7740\u7684\u5fc3\u7ec8\u4e8e\u653e\u4e0b\u4e86\u3002\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a523\u65e5\uff08\u89c1\u56fe\u5341\u4e00\uff09\u62a5\u9053\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f7f\u56e2\u5230\u8fbe\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\uff0c\u5e76\u7740\u91cd\u6307\u51fa\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u56fd\u800c\u975e\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4eba\u6765\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e24\u56fd\u53cb\u8c0a\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe11 \u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a51868\u5e745\u670823\u65e5\u5bf9\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4f7f\u56e2\u521d\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u62a5\u9053<\/p>\n

\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4f7f\u56e2\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6240\u5230\u4e4b\u5904\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u70ed\u70c8\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u53e3\u624d\u548c\u9b45\u529b\u66f4\u662f\u611f\u67d3\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u548c\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a \uff08Andrew Johnson\uff09\u603b\u7edf\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u5546\u8ba8\u7684\u4f1a\u8c08\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u897f\u534e\u5fb7\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u4e8e1868\u5e747\u670828\u65e5\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u3002\u300a\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u60e0\u56fd\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4e2d\u7f8e\u79fb\u6c11\u3001\u5546\u8d38\u3001\u7559\u5b66\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ee5\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u5bf9\u7b49\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

1868\u5e749\u670819\u65e5\u4f7f\u56e2\u5230\u8fbe\u4f26\u6566\uff0c11\u670820\u65e5\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u5973\u738b\u63a5\u89c1\u4e86\u4f7f\u56e2\u3002\u5916\u4ea4\u5927\u81e3\u514b\u62c9\u5170\u987f\u52cb\u7235\uff08Clarendon\uff09\u4e8e1868\u5e7412\u67084\u65e5\u5411\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u4e2d\u56fd\u606a\u5b88\u5404\u9879\u6761\u7ea6\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5979\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u5916\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u514b\u5236\u201d\uff1b\u82f1\u56fd\u201c\u4e0d\u613f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u65bd\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53cb\u597d\u538b\u529b\u6765\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5979\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u52a0\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u5979\u548c\u5916\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5012\u662f\u613f\u610f\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5979\u6301\u7eed\u7a33\u59a5\u5730\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u201d\u3002 \u8fd8\u5c06\u8fd9\u9879\u4fdd\u8bc1\u901a\u77e5\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u9a7b\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u963f\u793c\u56fd\uff08Rutherford Alcock\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u8bad\u4ee4\u4ed6\u5728\u5373\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4fee\u7ea6\u8c08\u5224\u4e2d\u672c\u6b64\u7cbe\u795e\u884c\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u53d6\u5f97\u82f1\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u56e2\u4e8e1869\u5e741\u67082\u65e5\u6765\u5230\u6cd5\u56fd\u5df4\u9ece\u30021\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u4e09\u4e16\u63a5\u89c1\u4e86\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5174\u8da3\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8ba8\u8bba\u4fee\u7ea6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u53ef\u60f3\u800c\u77e5\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u4f20\u6765\u56db\u5ddd\u9149\u9633\u53d1\u751f\u6559\u6848\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u6559\u58eb\u674e\u56fd\u6b7b\u4e8e\u66b4\u4e71\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u8fdf\u8fdf\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b7e\u7f72\u300a\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f7f\u56e2\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5904\u5883\u7565\u663e\u5c34\u5c2c\u3002\u4f7f\u56e2\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u9017\u7559\u67096\u4e2a\u6708\u4e4b\u4e45\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u51fa\u53d1\u5317\u4e0a\u632a\u5a01\u3001\u4e39\u9ea6\u3001\u8377\u5170\u5404\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

1868\u5e749\u6708\u65b0\u4e00\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u516c\u4f7fRoss Browne\u6765\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4f7f\u56e2\u7684\u803d\u6401\uff0c\u6761\u7ea6\u57281869\u5e743\u670820\u65e5\u624d\u9001\u5230Browne\u624b\u91cc\u3002\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u7b54\u590d\u662f\u201c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7b49\u4f7f\u56e2\u56de\u6765\u540e\uff0c\u6761\u7ea6\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5145\u5206\u5546\u8ba8\uff0c\u518d\u884c\u7b7e\u7ea6\u201d\u3002 Ross Browne\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u8fdf\u8fdf\u4e0d\u7b7e\u7ea6\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u7406\u7531\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6307\u793a\u5141\u8bb8\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u7b7e\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u7ea6\u3002\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u80fd\u5426\u6700\u7ec8\u7b7e\u7ea6\uff0c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u4f17\u8bf4\u7eb7\u7ead\u3002\uff08\u89c1\u56fe\u5341\u4e8c\uff0c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u5bf9\u7b7e\u7ea6\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u62a5\u9053\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6d3e\u4f7f\u56e2\u79d8\u4e66\u82f1\u56fd\u4ebaJ. McLeavy Brown\u56de\u5230\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u89e3\u91ca\u6761\u6b3e\u5bf9\u4e24\u56fd\u90fd\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u57281869\u5e7411\u670823\u65e5\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u6761\u7ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe12 \u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u5426\u7b7e\u7f72\u300a\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u548c\u731c\u6d4b<\/p>\n

1870\u5e741\u6708\u5728\u67cf\u6797, \u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u56fd\u738b\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\uff08Kaiser William\uff09\u70ed\u60c5\u6b3e\u5f85\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4f7f\u56e2\u3002\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\uff08\u6761\u7ea6\u56fd\u6267\u884c\u6761\u7ea6\uff09\u7684\u5bb9\u5fcd\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u660e\u7684\u771f\u8c1b\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u662f\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5bf9\u4ed6\u51fa\u4f7f\u6761\u7ea6\u56fd\u4f7f\u547d\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u9610\u8ff0\uff01\u4ffe\u65af\u9ea6\u8868\u793a\u5317\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u8054\u90a6\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u5317\u4eac\u6240\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5229\u76ca\u6765\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f7f\u56e2\u57281870\u5e742\u67082\u65e5\u6765\u5230\u4fc4\u56fd\u9996\u90fd\u5723\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821\uff0c16\u65e5\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6c99\u7687\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u4e8c\u4e16\u7684\u63a5\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u957f\u671f\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u3001\u5174\u594b\u548c\u601d\u8651\uff0c\u4f7f\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u6d88\u8017\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u6781\u9650\u3002\u672c\u4e0d\u5728\u610f\u7684\u611f\u5192\u4ee4\u4ed6\u5367\u5e8a\u4e0d\u8d77\uff0c\u51e0\u65e5\u540e\uff0c\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u56e0\u80ba\u708e\u75c5\u901d\u4e8e\u5723\u5f7c\u5f97\u5821\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u662f1870\u5e742\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u5e74\u4ec549\u5c81\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u4f7f\u56e2\u7ee7\u7eed\u524d\u5f80\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff0c\u4e8e1870\u5e7410\u6708\u56de\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u56e2\u4e00\u5171\u51fa\u884c32\u4e2a\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n

\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u7684\u6b7b\u8baf\u5f88\u5feb\u4f20\u5f00\u3002\u4ed6\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u7684\u5404\u56fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u90fd\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u540a\u5501\u3002\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u7684\u9057\u4f534\u670821\u65e5\u8fd0\u56de\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u57284\u670823\u65e5\u6ce2\u58eb\u987fFaneuil Hall\u4e3e\u884c\u846c\u793c\uff0c\u5927\u5385\u60ac\u6302\u5927\u6e05\u56fd\u65d7\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u65d7\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u6765\u81ea\u56db\u9762\u516b\u65b9\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u51ed\u540a\u3002\u606d\u4eb2\u738b\u4ee5\u540c\u6cbb\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u4e0b\u8bcf\uff0c\u8d50\u4e88\u6b7b\u8005\u4e00\u54c1\u5b98\u8854\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u5bb6\u5c5e1\u4e07\u4e24\u767d\u94f6\u7684\u4f18\u539a\u629a\u6064\u91d1\u3002\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u53bb\u4e16\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\u5747\u6709\u62a5\u9053\uff08\u56fe13\u300114\uff09\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u80fd\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d70\u5411\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u5410\u6e29\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5931\u53bb\u4e00\u4f4d\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5931\u53bb\u4e00\u4f4d\u4ec6\u4eba\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u56fe13\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u75c5\u901d\u57281870\u5e742\u670824\u65e5\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u8ba3\u544a<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe14\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u751f\u5e73\u53ca\u75c5\u901d\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u65b0\u62a5\u300b1870\u5e74\u7b2c90\u671f\uff0c8-9\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u53ca\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u4f7f\u56e2\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u5168\u79f0\u662f\u300a\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5929\u6d25\u6761\u7ea6\u7eed\u589e\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u53f2\u79f0\u300a\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u3002\u6761\u7ea6\u7b7e\u4e8e1868\u5e747\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\u540e\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u7b7e\u4e8e1869\u5e7411\u670823\u65e5\u3002\u6761\u7ea6\u662f\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u548c\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u897f\u534e\u5fb7\u7b7e\u7f72\u7684\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7b14\u8bb0\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u7559\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u7ea6\u53ea\u662f\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u548c\u897f\u534e\u5fb7\u8c08\u8bdd\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u534e\u5fb7\u7684\u513f\u5b50Frederick W. Seward\u7684\u4fe1\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u539f\u59d4\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edfAndrew Johnson\u521a\u521a\u7ecf\u5386\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e43\u81f3\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u75af\u72c2\u5f39\u52be\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u300a\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u3001\u548c\u4fc4\u56fd\u7684\u300a\u963f\u62c9\u65af\u52a0\u6613\u624b\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u90fd\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u9014\u5f84\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u60c5\u51b5\u7279\u6b8a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u53cd\u5bf9\u90fd\u662f\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u3002\u6761\u6b3e\u53ea\u597d\u5728\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u548c\u5916\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u95f4\u5546\u8ba8\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u6700\u540e\u7b7e\u7f72\u6761\u7ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u4e00\u5171\u6709\u516b\u6761\uff1a<\/p>\n

1.\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8ba9\u7ed9\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5730\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\u5e76\u672a\u653e\u5f03\u201c\u5f81\u7528\u6743\u201d\uff08Eminent Domain\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u9646\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u9886\u822a\u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5e94\u4e0e\u6761\u7ea6\u5404\u65b9\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\u6709\u6743\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6e2f\u53e3\u6d3e\u9a7b\u9886\u4e8b\uff0c\u5176\u9886\u4e8b\u7279\u6743\u4e0e\u8c41\u514d\u6743\u548c\u82f1\u3001\u4fc4\u9a7b\u7f8e\u9886\u4e8b\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

4.\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u4e24\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u5bf9\u65b9\u5883\u5185\u514d\u53d7\u5b97\u6559\u8feb\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n

5.\u4e24\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0a\u91cd\u79fb\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u8d29\u5356\u82e6\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

6.\u4e2d\u7f8e\u516c\u6c11\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bbf\u95ee\u6216\u5c45\u4f4f\u90fd\u5e94\u4eab\u6709\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684\u7279\u6743\u3001\u8c41\u514d\u6743\u3001\u6700\u60e0\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u5f85\u9047\u3002\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u5f52\u5316\uff08naturalization\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

7.\u4e24\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u6c42\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u4eab\u6709\u6700\u60e0\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u5bf9\u65b9\u5883\u5185\u8bbe\u7acb\u5b66\u5802\u3002<\/p>\n

8.\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u65e0\u6743\u4e5f\u65e0\u610f\u5e72\u6d89\u4e2d\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u94c1\u8def\u7535\u62a5\u7b49\u5efa\u8bbe\u9879\u76ee\u4e0a\uff0c\u201c\u603b\u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\u81ea\u4e3b\uff0c\u914c\u5ea6\u529e\u7406\u201d\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c55\u5f00\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9879\u76ee\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u5229\u7528\u897f\u65b9\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u63a5\u53d7\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8058\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe15 \u300a\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u4ef6\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edfAndrew Johnson\u7684\u7b7e\u5b57<\/p>\n

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\u5e9f\u9664\u6d77\u7981\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u534e\u4fa8<\/p>\n

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\u534e\u4eba\u534e\u5de5\u7684\u6d8c\u5165<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u56fe16 \u4e09\u85e9\u5e02\u6d77\u5173\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u767b\u5cb8\u79bb\u5cb8\u534e\u4eba\u4eba\u6570\u8868<\/p>\n

\u300a\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7684\u7ec8\u6b62<\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u56fe17 \u7f8e\u56fd\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e26\u7ed9\u4e16\u754c<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u56fe18 \u6392\u534e\u56fe\u7247\u201cThrowing Down the Ladder by Which They Rose, by Thomas Nast, 23 July 1870<\/p>\n

\u201cThrowing Down the Ladder by Which They Rose\u201d 1870
\n\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5728\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u65f6\u66fe\u7ed9\u536b\u4e09\u754f\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u7528\u751f\u547d\u6765\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u7b7e\u4e0b\u82db\u523b\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u516c\u5e73\u4e9b\u3002\u8ba9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b54\u5e94\u4fdd\u62a4\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u7684\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u8ba9\u82f1\u56fd\u9650\u5236\u5176\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u4e0d\u8981\u6545\u610f\u6311\u8d77\u4e8b\u7aef\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4e0d\u63ba\u6742\u653f\u6cbb\u4f0e\u4fe9\u2026\u6211\u66fe\uff0c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u5524\u9192\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5f00\u660e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u5f00\u52a8\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u795e\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u63a5\u8fd1\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u8fd9\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

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\u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5dde\u7684Burlingame\uff0c \u582a\u8428\u65af\u7684Burlingame\uff0c\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u7684Anson\u5747\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe19 \u84b2\u5b89\u81e3\u5893\u7891<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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