\u6458\u81ea:\u300a\u914b\u957f\u5982\u4f55\u638c\u6743\uff1a\u53f2\u524d\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u300b\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u5e8f\u8a00<\/p>\n
\u4f5c\u8005: \u8482\u83ab\u897f\u00b7\u5384\u5c14(Timothy Earle)<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u8bed\u8a00\u95ee\u9898\u5e38\u5e38\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u540c\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u9020\u6210\u58c1\u5792\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672c\u8bd1\u672c\u65e8\u5728\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7fa4\u4f53\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u5171\u540c\u63a2\u8ba8\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5316\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u671f\u76fc\u80fd\u4e0e\u6211\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u540c\u884c\u4eec\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u591a\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u6d89\u53ca\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u65e0\u6570\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5fc5\u5b9a\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u80fd\u4f7f\u6211\u53d7\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u79bb\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f88\u8fdc\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u4e5f\u662f\u5341\u5206\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u3002\u6211\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u65b0\u4e16\u754c(\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u5730\u533a)\u3001\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b(\u6ce2\u5229\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a)\u4ee5\u53ca\u5317\u6b27(\u65af\u582a\u7684\u7eb3\u7ef4\u4e9a)\u7b49\u5730\u533a\u7684\u914b\u90a6\u793e\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u82e5\u8981\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u5730\u5ba1\u89c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4ece\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6beb\u65e0\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u6709\u7740\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u8fc1\u53f2\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4ee5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u4e14\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u5c42\u7684\u533a\u57df\u6027\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5171\u540c\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6ce2\u5229\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u4e0e\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u5730\u533a\u7684\u521d\u5174\u590d\u6742\u793e\u4f1a\u5728\u5305\u542b\u704c\u6e89\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u96c6\u7ea6\u5316\u519c\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u638c\u63a7\u4f4f\u4e86\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u65af\u582a\u7684\u7eb3\u7ef4\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u9752\u94dc\u65f6\u4ee3\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u7684\u5219\u662f\u4f4e\u4eba\u53e3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5904\u5728\u519c\u4e1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u51ed\u501f\u7740\u5bf9\u8d22\u5bcc\u7269\u54c1\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u800c\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b58\u7eed\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u91d1\u5c5e\u3001\u7425\u73c0\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5974\u96b6(Ling et al., 2018)\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u7f57\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u5404\u5f0f\u5e2e\u52a9\u914b\u957f\u521b\u5efa\u533a\u57df\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u8d22\u653f\u548c\u8d22\u5bcc\u8d22\u653f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6218\u58eb\u529b\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b97\u6559\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u4e92\u6df7\u6742\u3001\u914d\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e2d\u56fd\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u4e86\u5176\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8bde\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u662f\u65e0\u4e0e\u4f26\u6bd4\u7684\u3002\u5979\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u662f\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5bf9\u7279\u6709\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u7684\u9a6f\u5316(\u5982\u7c9f\u9ecd\u3001\u6c34\u7a3b\u3001\u6c34\u725b)\uff0c\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u96c6\u7ea6\u5316(\u5982\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u5730\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u65bd\u80a5\u3001\u4fee\u7b51\u68af\u7530\u53ca\u704c\u6e89\u7cfb\u7edf)\uff0c\u7a33\u56fa\u7684\u5b9a\u5c45\u805a\u843d(\u7531\u6751\u5e84\u6700\u7ec8\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u57ce\u5e02)\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9ad8\u6e29\u6280\u672f(\u5f97\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u6700\u9ad8\u54c1\u8d28\u7684\u9676\u74f7\u53ca\u91d1\u5c5e\u5668)\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1f\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u80fd\u4e3a\u6b64\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d1e\u89c1\uff0c\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u503c\u5f97\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u53c2\u4e0e\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\u3002\u5728\u9752\u94dc\u53ca\u94c1\u5668\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5df2\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u9010\u6b65\u4e0e\u6b27\u4e9a\u5927\u9646\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u590d\u6742\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u7b80\u5355\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8054\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u4e0e\u8d38\u6613\u4f53\u7cfb\u6210\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u8bb8\u591a\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6027\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f53\u7cfb\u5185\u7684\u5404\u6210\u5458\u95f4\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fd0\u884c\u4f7f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5f97\u5230\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u524d\u8005\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u65e2\u6709\u533a\u57df\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8de8\u533a\u57df\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8981\u7d20\u65e9\u5728\u65b0\u77f3\u5668\u65f6\u671f\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u957f\u8db3\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u968f\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u5f81\u670d\u3001\u5408\u5e76\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\u7b49\u624b\u6bb5\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5468\u8fb9\u533a\u57df\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5386\u53f2\u4ee5\u53ca\u5979\u968f\u540e\u7684\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u4e66\u5c55\u73b0\u7684\u914b\u957f\u6743\u529b\u52a8\u6001\u4f53\u7cfb\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u914b\u90a6\u662f\u7edf\u6cbb\u7740\u6570\u5343\u5230\u6570\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u533a\u57df\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u4eba\u53e3\u89c4\u6a21\u5185\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u90fd\u80fd\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u914b\u90a6\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ca\u79f0\u8c13\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5404\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4e0e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6751\u843d\u793e\u4f1a\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u533a\u57df\u6027\u89c4\u6a21\u9700\u8981\u6709\u7740\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5236\u5ea6\u652f\u6491\uff0c\u80cc\u540e\u5219\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52b3\u529b\u53ca\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8c03\u914d\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6216\u8bb8\u6240\u6709\u914b\u90a6\u793e\u4f1a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u7279\u5f81\u4fbf\u662f\u533a\u57df\u6027\u7684\u805a\u843d\u7b49\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u4ee5\u53ca\u914b\u957f\u7fa4\u4f53\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5893\u846c\u53ca\u4f4f\u623f\u7b49\u3002\u914b\u90a6\u793e\u4f1a\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u5728\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7cfb\u5dee\u5f02\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5236\u5ea6\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u5411\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u81f4\u656c\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4f5c\u5f3a\u8c03\u72ec\u7279\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u914d\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u201d(Earle, 2020)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u6709\u7740\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u7ed3\u675f\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bc6\u522b\u5982\u914b\u90a6\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5404\u8272\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u65e0\u7591\u5df2\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u53f2\u524d\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u514b\u661f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6279\u5224\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u533a\u57df\u6027\u793e\u4f1a(\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u914b\u90a6)\u5f62\u6210\u5e76\u5f97\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u5168\u90fd\u6709\u914b\u957f\u5417\uff1f\u8fd9\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u4e2d\u6216\u8bb8\u88ab\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u8bb0\u8ff0\u5e76\u6807\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u6ce2\u5229\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u65e2\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ece\u672a\u88ab\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6743\u529b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u5404\u5f02\uff0c\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u6218\u58eb\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7b49\u6743\u529b\u6765\u6e90\u793e\u4f1a\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u53d6\u5f97\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u65e9\u671f\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4fbf\u4f1a\u5f00\u5c55\u5404\u79cd\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u5176\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u6240\u5c55\u73b0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u704c\u6e89\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fee\u5efa\u660e\u786e\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u8d22\u4ea7\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u914b\u957f\u5bf9\u5176\u4fee\u5efa\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53c8\u4f7f\u5176\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52b3\u529b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6743\u5229(\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0)\u3002\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u9ad8\u4f4e\u4e0e\u5426\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u76f8\u5e94\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u4e0e\u66f4\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u66f4\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u4e86\u8d28\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u914b\u957f\u4eec\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6743\u529b\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u800c\u6709\u7740\u660e\u663e\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u624d\u662f\u6211\u8bd5\u56fe\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65ad\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u914b\u957f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5230\u5e95\u51fa\u4e8e\u5176\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7fa4\u4f53\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u7b54\u6848\u663e\u7136\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u96c6\u5408\u884c\u52a8\u7406\u8bba(collection action theory)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6(\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u5f62\u6210\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u914b\u90a6)\u4f9d\u5176\u6536\u5165\u6765\u6e90\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u5149\u8c31(Blanton and Fargher, 2008)\u3002\u914b\u957f\u6743\u529b\u6765\u81ea\u8c03\u914d\u672c\u5730\u52b3\u529b\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4fbf\u8d8a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u5c55\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5c06\u5e73\u6c11\u4e0e\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u76f8\u4e92\u6346\u7ed1\u5e76\u4e3a\u540e\u8005\u5e26\u6765\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4f46\u5f53\u6743\u529b\u6536\u5165\u6765\u81ea\u5916\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u4fbf\u4f1a\u66f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u5927\u4f17\u6709\u6548\u5730\u9694\u7edd\u5f00\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u914b\u90a6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u8c03\u914d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d22\u653f\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5408\u4f5c\u7ed3\u6784\u914b\u90a6(\u914b\u957f\u5f3a\u8c03\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5229\u76ca)\u548c\u6392\u4ed6\u914b\u90a6(\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4f7f\u81ea\u8eab\u4e0e\u5e73\u6c11\u4e0d\u540c)\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u51fa\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5212\u5206(Blanton et al., 1996)\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u624b\u6bb5\u662f\u4f1a\u88ab\u6df7\u6742\u7740\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6743\u529b\u4e2d\u592e\u5316\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u6211\u4ee5\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\u5f85\u914b\u90a6\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u6848\u4f8b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u66f4\u52a0\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u5404\u81ea\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u65e9\u671f\u914b\u90a6\u90fd\u4ee5\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u5efa\u7b51\u800c\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u914b\u957f\u4ece\u4eea\u5f0f\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6743\u529b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u914b\u90a6\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4f1a\u4fee\u5efa\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u666f\u89c2\u4ee5\u5c55\u73b0\u533a\u57df\u6027\u7684\u6743\u529b\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u914b\u957f\u5374\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u6d88\u8d39\u548c\u4e27\u846c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u4e0e\u5e73\u6c11\u6709\u6240\u533a\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff0c\u914b\u90a6\u4f1a\u66f4\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7279\u6b8a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u8d2d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u5236\u9020\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0e\u8fdc\u65b9\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4ece\u7fa4\u4f53\u5916\u90e8\u83b7\u53d6\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u6108\u52a0\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u54c1\u56e0\u6b64\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u7b56\u7565(Blanton et al., 1996)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u914b\u957f\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4f4f\u623f\u3001\u7269\u54c1\u6d88\u8d39\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u6b8a\u5893\u846c\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u7167\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u7a7a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u914b\u90a6\u4e2d\u6240\u5e94\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u4fbf\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u77f3\u5668\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u914b\u90a6\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u4e0e\u5b9a\u5c45\u793e\u7fa4\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u72ec\u7279\u7b49\u7ea7\u4f53\u7cfb\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u4eea\u5f0f\u6d3b\u52a8\u6709\u7740\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u7389\u77f3\u5668\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5176\u83b7\u53d6\u88ab\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u719f\u7ec3\u5de5\u5320\u624d\u80fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u5236\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1a\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6211\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7389\u77f3\u5668\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9664\u5c55\u793a\u5916\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7cbe\u82f1\u7edf\u9886\u6218\u58eb\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u660e\u786e\u6807\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u66f4\u665a\u9636\u6bb5\u4e2d\u5f81\u670d\u6218\u4e89\u4e0e\u6218\u58eb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u533a\u57df\u6027\u914b\u90a6\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u91cc\u4fbf\u5df2\u521d\u6b65\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u8d38\u6613\u5c06\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u4ece\u672c\u5730\u62c9\u8fdc\u5230\u4e86\u8de8\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bde\u751f\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u5468\u8fb9\u5448\u5f27\u72b6\u5206\u5e03\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u914b\u90a6\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u63a7\u5236\u4f4f\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u53c8\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u57df\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u7cbe\u82f1\u4eec\u6240\u6e34\u6c42\u7684\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u6838\u5fc3\u5730\u5e26\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5468\u8fb9\u533a\u57df\u6240\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u914b\u90a6\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5374\u9002\u5e94\u51fa\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u8d38\u6613\u74f6\u9888\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u624b\u6bb5(Earle et al., 2015)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u755c\u7267\u4eba\u7fa4\u6784\u6210\u7684\u6218\u58eb\u793e\u4f1a\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u65f6\u800c\u80fd\u591f\u5f81\u670d\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u8fc1\u4e5f\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ca\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u5316\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u57fa\u56e0\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u578b\u3002\u5982\u540c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5177\u6709\u5185\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u6216\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e3a\u5176\u6240\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u751f\u5b58\u6240\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6b21\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u7fa4\u4f53\u9009\u62e9\u4f1a\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u66f4\u5927\u3001\u66f4\u4e2d\u592e\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u5e38\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u9a71\u9664\u6216\u541e\u5e76\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u59cb\u7ec8\u5982\u6b64\u7b80\u5355\u7684\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7740\u66f4\u6b21\u4e00\u7ea7\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e5f\u4f1a\u56e0\u672c\u5730\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4ea7\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u76f8\u4e92\u5f00\u5c55\u6597\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n
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