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\u4e00<\/p>\n

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\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u8981\u770b\u4f60\u6253\u7b97\u4ece\u4ec0\u4e48\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e”\u9769\u547d\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u5229\u76ca”\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u672a\u5fc5\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u9519\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64”\u6682\u65f6\u727a\u7272\u90e8\u5206\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u76ca”\uff0c\u5148\u5b89\u5185\u800c\u540e\u6518\u5916\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u5c31\u65e0\u53ef\u539a\u975e\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u8d44\u52a9\u5217\u5b81\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u63f4\u52a9\u4e2d\u5171\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u63f4\u52a9\u7684\u9769\u547d\u515a\u5728\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u8981\u7ad9\u5728\u63f4\u52a9\u63d0\u4f9b\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u8fb9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5c31\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u593a\u6743\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4fc4\u56fd\u4e0e\u5fb7\u56fd\u505c\u6218\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5fb7\u56fd\u80fd\u591f\u96c6\u4e2d\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u4ed8\u534f\u7ea6\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u5217\u5b81\u5728\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u540e\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u901a\u8fc7\u7b7e\u8ba2\u5c48\u8fb1\u7684\u5e03\u5217\u65af\u7279\u548c\u7ea6\u5fcd\u75db\u5272\u5730\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u613f\u671b\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u8981\u6c42\u4e2d\u5171\u5728\u4e2d\u82cf\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u8981\u7ad9\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u4e00\u8fb9\u3002\u50cf\u57281924\u5e74\u6625\u4e2d\u82cf\u4e24\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8c08\u5224\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u63a8\u52a8\u89e3\u51b3\u60ac\u6848\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5c31\u5bf9\u5317\u4eac\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5bf9\u82cf\u5916\u4ea4\u9887\u591a\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0e\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5185\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5206\u5b50\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u575a\u6301\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b9\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u575a\u6301\u82cf\u8054\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u64a4\u5175\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u76f8\u4fe1\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u6c11\u5e94\u5f53\u4eab\u6709\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u7684\u795e\u5723\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n

\u50cf1929\u5e74\u5f20\u5b66\u826f\u5728\u5357\u4eac\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d1\u52a8\u4e2d\u4e1c\u8def\u4e8b\u53d8\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5f3a\u884c\u6536\u56de\u63a7\u5236\u5728\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u4e1c\u94c1\u8def\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e3e\u56fd\u8206\u8bba\u6cb8\u6cb8\u626c\u626c\u5730\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e00”\u7231\u56fd”\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5219\u662f\u53cd\u5176\u9053\u800c\u884c\u4e4b\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86”\u6b66\u88c5\u4fdd\u536b\u82cf\u8054”\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u51c6\u5907\u8c03\u52a8\u7ea2\u519b\u91c7\u53d6\u7275\u5236\u5357\u4eac\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u96be\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u6709\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u6216\u90a3\u6837”\u6682\u65f6\u727a\u7272\u90e8\u5206\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u76ca”\u7684\u8a00\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5f53\u65f6”\u6c11\u65cf\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u6de1\u8584\u7684”\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7231\u56fd\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u8bf4\u5217\u5b81\u6216\u4e2d\u5171\u4e0d\u7231\u56fd\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u8ba9\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4e8c<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u4e09<\/p>\n

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\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8bf4”\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u4fb5\u534e\u6709\u4e00\u8d2f\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6”\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5bf9\u5462\uff1f\u81f3\u5c11\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u9519\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4fde\u6559\u6388\u786e\u5b9e\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u674e\u5409\u594e\u6559\u6388\u7b49\u4e0d\u5927\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5bf9\u65e5\u6c42\u63f4\u671f\u95f4\u6279\u8bc4\u6216\u8b66\u60d5\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7247\u65ad\u8a00\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u4fde\u6559\u6388\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb8\u591a\u4e3a\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5373”\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u4fb5\u534e\u6709\u4e00\u8d2f\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6”\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u9886\u571f\u5b8c\u6574\u6709\u4e00\u8d2f\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u65e2\u7136\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u76f8\u4fe1\u9769\u547d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u9996\u91cd”\u9a71\u9010\u9791\u864f\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u4e2d\u534e”\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u51e1\u6709\u5229\u4e8e”\u9a71\u9010\u9791\u864f\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u4e2d\u534e”\u8005\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e3e\u53cc\u624b\u8d5e\u6210\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u5927\u6e05\u56fd\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u9886\u571f\u5b8c\u6574\u6709\u6240\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u59a8\u788d\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f53\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u53d1\u73b0\u8881\u4e16\u51ef\u5f53\u653f\u7684\u6c11\u56fd\u5f92\u6709\u865a\u540d\uff0c\u975e\u5f7b\u5e95\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e0d\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u610f\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u4e4b\u624b\u6765\u6253\u51fb\u5317\u4eac\u653f\u5e9c\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u4f1a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7532\u5348\u6218\u8d25\u4e4b\u9645\u5411\u654c\u56fd\u65e5\u672c\u6c42\u63f4\uff0c\u800c1915\u5e74\u53c8\u4f1a\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u5360\u9886\u519b\u652f\u6301\u548c\u6b66\u88c5\u4e0b\u5bf9\u5317\u4eac\u653f\u6743\u53d1\u52a8\u519b\u4e8b\u8fdb\u653b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\uff0c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u786e\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7231\u56fd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5728\u4ed6\u773c\u91cc\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u56fd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6ee1\u65cf\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u5927\u6e05\u56fd\u548c\u8881\u4e16\u51ef\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u5047\u6c11\u56fd\u3002\u4ed6\u60f3\u7231\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u5176\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u4e14\u65e5\u601d\u591c\u60f3\u7684\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u5e76\u7531\u4ed6\u7684\u515a\u6240\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a”\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd”\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56db<\/p>\n

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\u4e3a\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5f53\u5e74\u5bf9\u65e5\u884c\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u59a8\u518d\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e00\u4e0b\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b66\u8005\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u6297\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u5171\u4ea7\u515a”\u4e0d\u7231\u56fd”\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e3a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5b9e\u529b”\u6e38\u800c\u4e0d\u51fb”\u548c\u5728\u654c\u540e\u626b\u9664\u5f02\u5df1\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6709\u6279\u8bc4\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e0d\u60dc”\u51fa\u8ba9”\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

1945\u5e748\u670814\u65e5\u82cf\u8054\u5229\u7528\u51fa\u5175\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1c\u5317\u4e4b\u673a\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u540c\u610f\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u79df\u8ba9\u65c5\u987a\u6e2f\u7b49\u6709\u635f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u9886\u571f\u5b8c\u6574\u539f\u5219\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u82cf\u53cb\u597d\u540c\u76df\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u65b9\u9762\u5bf9\u6b64\u6761\u7ea6\u4e5f\u660e\u786e\u4e88\u4ee5\u8fc7\u80af\u5b9a\u3002[6]\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u5f53\u65f6\u5728\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u515a\u6d3e\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u7236\u7956\u4e4b\u56fd\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u81ea\u7136\u5f88\u96be\u88ab\u770b\u6210\u662f”\u7231\u56fd”\u4e4b\u4e3e\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u7a76\u7adf\u5e94\u5f53\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a”\u7231\u56fd”\u751a\u6216\u662f”\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49”\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5462\uff1f\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u9c8d\u59c6\u7684\u5982\u4e0b\u770b\u6cd5\u4e5f\u8bb8\u80fd\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a”\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6700\u539f\u59cb\u3001\u6700\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u4ee5\u4eba\u6c11\u4e4b\u540d\u6765\u884c\u4f7f\u6cbb\u6743\u3002”\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4eec”\u6240\u6548\u5fe0\u7684’\u7236\u7956\u4e4b\u56fd’\uff08patrie\uff09\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u73b0\u5b58\u6216\u5148\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ecf\u7531\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9009\u62e9\u6240\u521b\u5efa\u7684’\u6c11\u65cf’\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u6c11\u501f\u7531\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u6253\u7834\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u758f\u79bb\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u65e7\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u5173\u7cfb”\u3002”\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e43\u662f\u5168\u4f53\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u96c6\u79f0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u5bb3\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u624d\u4f1a\u771f\u5fc3\u89c9\u5f97\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f’\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1’\u7684\u3002”\u5373\u5728\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7406\u5e94\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u79c1\u5229\u4e0e\u7279\u6743\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f8\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5373\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u516c\u76ca\u548c\u516c\u5229\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002[7]\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684”\u7231\u56fd”\u6216”\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49”\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5c31\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u5426\u662f\u7ecf\u7531\u4eba\u6c11\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u662f\u7ecf\u7531\u4eba\u6c11\u81ea\u5df1\u6765\u884c\u4f7f\u6cbb\u6743\u7684\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5168\u4f53\u56fd\u6c11\u81ea\u5df1\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4e94<\/p>\n

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