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1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u56ed<\/p>\n

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\u968f\u7740\u65e5\u519b\u4e0d\u65ad\u5411\u4e0a\u6d77\u589e\u5175\uff0c\u6dde\u6caa\u6218\u4e8b\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u65e5\u6e10\u4e0d\u5229\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5371\u53ca\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u5357\u4eac\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u7b49\u653f\u5e9c\u9ad8\u5c42\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4f5c\u51fa\u8fc1\u90fd\u51b3\u7b56\u30021937\u5e7410\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u592e\u673a\u5173\u5373\u5f00\u59cb\u897f\u8fc1\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u64a4\u79bb\uff0c\u523011\u670820\u65e5\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u79fb\u9a7b\u91cd\u5e86\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u65f6\u5df2\u57fa\u672c\u8fc1\u79fb\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4e2d\u592e\u673a\u5173\u53ca\u5357\u4eac\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u64a4\u79bb\u5357\u4eac\uff0c1937\u5e7411\u670818\u65e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u9648\u88d5\u5149\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u884c\u653f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6559\u804c\u5458\u5de5\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u8bbe\u5907\u897f\u8fc1\u3002\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u64a4\u79bb\u524d\uff0c\u6821\u957f\u9648\u88d5\u5149\u81f4\u4fe1\u8be5\u6821\u5386\u53f2\u7cfb\u7f8e\u7c4d\u6559\u6388M.S.\u8d1d\u8328\uff08Miner Searle Bates,\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u8d1d\u5fb7\u58eb\uff09\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u5728\u5357\u4eac\u6210\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7d27\u6025\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u7559\u5728\u5357\u4eac\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6821\u4ea7\uff0c\u5728\u60c5\u51b5\u7d27\u6025\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u5e94\u5904\u7f6e\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9648\u88d5\u5149\u8fd8\u5efa\u8bae\u7559\u5728\u5357\u4eac\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u7f8e\u7c4d\u6559\u6388\u5218\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u65af\u8fc8\u601d\uff08Lewis S.C.Smythe\uff0c\u53c8\u8bd1\u4e3a\u53f2\u8fc8\u58eb\uff09\u3001\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u91cc\u683c\u65af\uff08Charles H.Riggs\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u6797\u67e5\u7406\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u91cc\u9ed8\u3001\u9f50\u5146\u660c\u3001\u987e\u4fca\u4eba\u3001\u9648\u5d58\u7b49\u4eba\u62c5\u4efb\u7d27\u6025\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u3002\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u9662\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6821\u4ea7\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u7d27\u6025\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n

\u968f\u7740\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u897f\u8fc1\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u4ee3\u7406\u9662\u957f\u90d1\u7956\u7a46\u4e5f\u4f5c\u51fa\u5173\u95ed\u533b\u9662\uff0c\u5458\u5de5\u968f\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u64a4\u79bb\u5357\u4eac\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u533b\u9662\u7f8e\u7c4d\u5458\u5de5\u51fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u5c06\u624b\u5934\u8bb8\u591a\u75c5\u4eba\u8f6c\u79fb\u6216\u629b\u5f03\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5173\u95e8\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u6536\u90a3\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u7167\u6599\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0e\u4ee5\u90d1\u7956\u7a46\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4e2d\u65b9\u5458\u5de5\u5728\u5173\u95ed\u533b\u9662\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u51b3\u5b9a\u5458\u5de5\u4ee5\u81ea\u613f\u65b9\u5f0f\u9009\u62e9\u53bb\u7559\u3002\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u3001\u5185\u79d1\u533b\u751fC.S.\u7279\u91cc\u9ed8(Clifford S.Trimmer\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u5c48\u7a46\u5c14)\u3001\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u67cf\u777f\u5fb7(Richard F.Brady\uff0c\u53c8\u8bd1\u4e3a\u5e03\u83b1\u8fea\u3001\u5e03\u96f7\u8fea\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u88f4\u777f\u5fb7)\u3001\u683c\u857e\u65af\u00b7\u9c8d\u5c14(Grace Bauer\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u9c8d\u6069\u5178)\u3001\u4f0a\u5a03\u00b7\u6d77\u56e0\u5179\uff08Iva Hynds\uff0c\u53c8\u8bd1\u4e3a\u6d77\u56e0\u8328\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u97e9\u5e94\u5fb7\uff09\u7b49\u4e94\u540d\u7f8e\u7c4d\u5458\u5de5\u53ca\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u56fd\u5458\u5de5\u9009\u62e9\u7559\u5728\u5357\u4eac\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5458\u5de5\u6216\u968f\u4ee3\u7406\u9662\u957f\u90d1\u7956\u7a46\u643a\u5e26\u90e8\u5206\u533b\u7597\u7269\u8d44\u64a4\u79bb\u5357\u4eac\uff0c\u6216\u8f9e\u804c\u79bb\u9662\u30021937\u5e7411\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u90d1\u7956\u7a46\u5e26\u9886\u90e8\u5206\u5458\u5de5\u53ca\u8bbe\u5907\u64a4\u79bb\u5357\u4eac\u3002<\/p>\n

12\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65e5\u519b\u5411\u5357\u4eac\u8fdb\u72af\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u5458\u5de5\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u533b\u9662\uff0c\u201c\u6700\u5148\u79bb\u5f00\u7684\u662f\u90a3\u4f4d\u8425\u517b\u5e08\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u4e24\u4f4d\u5e2e\u52a9\u8fc7\u5979\u7684\u89c1\u4e60\u62a4\u58eb\u4e5f\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u90fd\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5458\u5de5\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u53f6\u53e4\u548c\u4e00\u4f4d\u82e6\u529b\u5916\u90fd\u8d70\u4e86\uff1b\u6574\u4e2a\u836f\u623f\u3001\u51fa\u7eb3\u5ba4\u3001\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u90fd\u8d70\u4e86\uff1b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u533b\u751f\u9664\u4e862\u4eba\u5916\u90fd\u8d70\u4e86\uff1b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u62a4\u58eb\u9664\u4e864\u4eba\u5916\u90fd\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u90e8\u95e8\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u57c3\u7c73\u8389(Emily)\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u56fd\u5458\u5de5\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u770b\u89c1\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u8981\u8d70\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u51b3\u5b9a\u79bb\u5f00\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5357\u4eac\u6ca6\u9677\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u56e0\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5458\u5de5\u64a4\u79bb\u6216\u8f9e\u804c\uff0c\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u9662\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u7f3a\u4f4d\u548c\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u4ece\u5168\u9762\u6297\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u768421\u4eba\u51cf\u81f32\u4eba\uff0c\u5373\u5185\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u7279\u91cc\u9ed8\u548c\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u51b3\u5b9a\u8058\u8bf7\u533b\u9662\u7684\u5408\u529e\u65b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u57fa\u7763\u4f1a\u7684\u7267\u5e08\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u9ea6\u5361\u4f26\uff08James H.McCallum\uff0c\u53c8\u8bd1\u4e3a\u9ea6\u5361\u52d2\u59c6\uff09\u62c5\u4efb\u533b\u9662\u7684\u884c\u653f\u603b\u7ba1\uff0c\u201c\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u533b\u9662\u91cc\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4e1a\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u7ef4\u6301\u533b\u9662\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u6682\u65f6\u5173\u95ed\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u548c\u95e8\u8bca\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u8c03\u6574\u5206\u914d\u5c97\u4f4d\u3002\u636e\u9ea6\u5361\u4f26\u65e5\u8bb0\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u7559\u5b88\u5458\u5de5\u5f80\u5f80\u8eab\u517c\u6570\u804c\uff0c\u5982\u539f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5458\u9c8d\u6069\u5178\u9664\u517c\u4efb\u533b\u9662\u51fa\u7eb3\u5e76\u534f\u52a9\u603b\u52a1\u5ba4\u5de5\u4f5c\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u53a8\u623f\uff1b\u5185\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u7279\u91cc\u9ed8\u62c5\u4efb\u4ee3\u7406\u9662\u957f\uff0c\u9664\u8d1f\u8d23\u5185\u79d1\u75c5\u4eba\u548cX\u5149\u79d1\u5ba4\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u63a5\u7ba1\u533b\u9662\u7684\u836f\u623f\uff1b\u6d77\u56e0\u5179\u5219\u62c5\u4efb\u62a4\u58eb\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u4e8c\u3001\u6ca6\u9677\u521d\u671f\u533b\u9662\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0e\u56f0\u5883<\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u7531\u4e0a\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u6ca6\u9677\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u9662\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u8d44\u91d1\u77ed\u7f3a\u3001\u7269\u8d44\u532e\u4e4f\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u8fd8\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u65e5\u519b\u5f53\u5c40\u5bf9\u5176\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u4fb5\u5bb3\u53ca\u654c\u89c6\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5904\u5904\u63a3\u8098\u3001\u6392\u6324\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u4e09\u3001\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u9662\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9762\u5bf9\u524d\u8ff0\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ecf\u8d39\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0d\u8db3\u548c\u65e5\u519b\u4fb5\u6270\u7b49\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u4ec5\u9760\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u9662\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4f7f\u533b\u9662\u5728\u5357\u4eac\u6ca6\u9677\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ef4\u6301\u8fd0\u884c\u5e76\u5f00\u5c55\u6551\u52a9\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u9662\u53ca\u7559\u5728\u5357\u4eac\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u58eb\u79ef\u6781\u52a0\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u9014\u5f84\u7834\u89e3\u533b\u9662\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u9662\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u534e\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u672c\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u534f\u52a9\u53ca\u6240\u5c5e\u6559\u4f1a\u5dee\u4f1a\u63f4\u52a9\u662f\u5176\u5728\u201c\u975e\u5e38\u65f6\u671f\u201d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53cd\u5e94\u30021937\u5e7412\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u7559\u5728\u5357\u4eac\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u65e5\u672c\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u81f4\u7535\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u4e0a\u6d77\u603b\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u8981\u6c42\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5411\u5357\u4eac\u6d3e\u9063\u5916\u4ea4\u4ee3\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u81f4\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u4e0a\u6d77\u603b\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u7535\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u95ee\u9898\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u6025\u9700\u5728\u5357\u4eac\u6d3e\u9a7b\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u5c40\u52bf\u65e5\u76ca\u4e25\u5cfb\u3002\u8bf7\u901a\u77e5\u5927\u4f7f\u548c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u3002\u7b7e\u540d\uff1a\u8d1d\u8328\uff0c\u9c8d\u5c14\uff0c\u83f2\u5947\uff0c\u798f\u65af\u7279\uff0c\u6d77\u56e0\u5179\uff0c\u9a6c\u5409\uff0c\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\uff0c\u9ea6\u5361\u52d2\u59c6\uff0c\u91cc\u683c\u65af\uff0c\u65af\u8fc8\u601d\uff0c\u7d22\u6069\uff0c\u7279\u91cc\u9ed8\uff0c\u6c83\u7279\u6797\uff08\u91d1\u9675\u5973\u5b50\u6587\u7406\u5b66\u9662\u7f8e\u7c4d\u6559\u6388\u9b4f\u7279\u7433\u2014\u2014\u5f15\u8005\u6ce8\uff09\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u3002<\/p>\n

1937\u5e7412\u670820\u65e5\u53d1\u7ed9\u65e5\u672c\u9a7b\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u6d77\u519b\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u7ad9\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002 \u2014\u2014M.S.\u8d1d\u8328<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e0e\u65e5\u65b9\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c1938\u5e741\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u4e09\u7b49\u79d8\u4e66\u963f\u5229\u68ee\uff08John Moore Allison\uff09\u4e00\u884c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u8fd4\u56de\u5357\u4eac\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u65e5\u519b\u5360\u9886\u5357\u4eac\u540e\u9996\u6279\u83b7\u51c6\u8fdb\u5165\u5357\u4eac\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u8fd4\u56de\u5357\u4eac\u540e\uff0c\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u9662\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u963f\u5229\u68ee\u7b49\u4e0e\u65e5\u65b9\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5916\u4ea4\u9014\u5f84\u89e3\u51b3\u5305\u62ec\u8d2d\u4e70\u71c3\u6599\u3001\u6d3e\u9063\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u5230\u5357\u4eac\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

1938\u5e741\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u65af\u8fc8\u601d\u81f4\u4fe1\u963f\u5229\u68ee\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u5176\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u6765\u5357\u4eac\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u963f\u5229\u68ee\u79ef\u6781\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u9886\u4e8b\u4ea4\u6d89\u6d3e\u9063\u533b\u751f\u6216\u62a4\u58eb\u6765\u5357\u4eac\u4e8b\u5b9c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ea4\u6d89\u5e76\u4e0d\u987a\u5229\u3002\u5728\u5c61\u906d\u65e5\u519b\u5f53\u5c40\u62d2\u7edd\u548c\u963b\u6320\u540e\uff0c1938\u5e741\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u963f\u5229\u68ee\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u65e5\u519b\u5f53\u5c40\u62d2\u7edd\u7f8e\u56fd\u533b\u751f\u524d\u5f80\u5357\u4eac\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u67d0\u4e9b\u65e5\u672c\u5e73\u6c11\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u6765\u5357\u4eac\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u961f\u9700\u8981\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u52b3\u529b\u548c\u5f00\u5c0f\u5546\u5e97\uff1b\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u4e8b\u5f53\u5c40\u521a\u521a\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u9662\u8981\u6c42\u8ba9\u4e24\u4f4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u533b\u751f\u6765\u5357\u4eac\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u8ba9\u5e73\u6c11\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u800c\u5357\u4eac\u73b0\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u533b\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

1938\u5e742\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\uff0c\u7ecf\u7f8e\u65e5\u5916\u4ea4\u4ea4\u6d89\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u5f53\u5c40\u5141\u8bb8\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u9662\u5916\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u67cf\u777f\u5fb7\u8fd4\u56de\u5357\u4eac\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u6765\u5357\u4eac\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7559\u5b88\u5357\u4eac\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u591a\u6b21\u81f4\u4fe1\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u5916\u4ea4\u9014\u5f84\u89e3\u51b3\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u30021938\u5e743\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81f4\u4fe1\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u8981\u9650\u5236\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u5357\u4eac\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u662f\u79fb\u52a8\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u7531\u201d\uff0c\u201c\uff08\u5357\u4eac\uff09\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u522b\u662f\u516c\u5171\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u592a\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u4e0e\u65e5\u65b9\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c\u5c3d\u5feb\u53d6\u6d88\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u8fd4\u56de\u5357\u4eac\u7684\u9650\u5236\u30023\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u7f8e\u7c4d\u6559\u6388\u8d1d\u8328\u518d\u6b21\u81f4\u4fe1\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u6d3e\u9063\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u6765\u5357\u4eac\uff1a\u201c\u7ed9\u533b\u751f\u3001\u62a4\u58eb\u4eec\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e94\u8be5\u6765\u81ea\u829c\u6e56\u7684\u76d6\u5c14\uff08Gale\uff09\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u5c06\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u9700\u8981\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u6d3e\u4e0a\u7528\u573a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u533b\u7597\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u5f7b\u5e95\u6e83\u8d25\u7684\u3002\u201d\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76f4\u81f33\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u56fd\u9645\u6551\u6d4e\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Nanking International Relief assn\uff0c\u524d\u8eab\u4e3a\u5357\u4eac\u5b89\u5168\u533a\u56fd\u9645\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff09\u8bf7\u6c42\u5b89\u6392\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u540d\u533b\u751f\u548c\u4e24\u540d\u62a4\u58eb\u6765\u5357\u4eac\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4ecd\u7136\u4e00\u76f4\u65e0\u679c\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c3\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u963f\u5229\u68ee\u81f4\u7535\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u636e\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5730\u65b9\u5c42\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u53d6\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u6216\u662f\u4e1c\u4eac\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u4e8e4\u67081\u65e5\u7ed9\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u65e5\u5927\u4f7f\u683c\u9c81\u5982\u4e0b\u6307\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7ed9\u4f60\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6bcf\u4e00\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5357\u4eac\u76ee\u524d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u60c5\u62a5\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u518d\u6b21\u5411\u5916\u52a1\u7701\u8981\u6c42\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u5357\u4eac\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u8fd4\u56de\u5e76\u5446\u5728\u90a3\u5ea7\u57ce\u5e02\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u6570\u76ee\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u516c\u6c11\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u7684\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u683c\u9c81\u4e8e4\u67084\u65e5\u4f1a\u6664\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u5916\u52a1\u7701\u6b21\u5b98\uff0c\u5c31\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5f3a\u70c8\u6297\u8bae\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4ea4\u6d89\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u65e5\u672c\u5f53\u5c40\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u6539\u53d8\u963b\u6270\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u58eb\u8fd4\u56de\u5357\u4eac\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6279\u51c6\u4e24\u540d\u533b\u751f\u548c\u4e24\u540d\u62a4\u58eb\u8fd4\u56de\u5357\u4eac\u30021938\u5e744\u6708\u4e2d\u4e0b\u65ec\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\uff08the American Church\uff09\u7684\u514b\u52b3\u5fb7\u00b7\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u00b7\u674e\uff08Claude Lee\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u674e\u514b\u4e50\uff09\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5357\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\uff08the Southern Presbyterian Mission\uff09\u7684\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u4f0d\u5fb7\uff08James Woods\uff0cJR\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u6797\u539a\u57f9\uff09\u533b\u751f\u3001\u9732\u897f\u00b7\u683c\u745e\u5c14\uff08Lucy Grier\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u845b\u6587\u5a1f\uff09\u62a4\u58eb\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u76d1\u7406\u4f1a(the Southern Methodist Mission)\u7684\u8428\u62c9\u00b7\u683c\u4f26\uff08Sarah Glenn\uff09\u62a4\u58eb\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5f97\u5230\u8fdb\u5165\u5357\u4eac\u7684\u901a\u884c\u8bc1\u3002\u9b4f\u7279\u7433\u57281938\u5e744\u670814\u65e5\u7684\u65e5\u8bb0\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\uff08\u4e24\u540d\u533b\u751f\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u62a4\u58eb\u2014\u2014\u5f15\u8005\u6ce8\uff09\u662f\u81ea4\u4e2a\u6708\u524d\u65e5\u519b\u5360\u9886\u5357\u4eac\u4ee5\u6765\u4ec5\u6709\u7684\u83b7\u51c6\u6765\u5357\u4eac\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u51b3\u5305\u62ec\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u9662\u5728\u5185\u7684\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u7f8e\u7cfb\u6559\u4f1a\u533b\u9662\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u91cd\u8fd4\u533b\u9662\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c1938\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u7559\u5b88\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u5404\u5730\u768445\u540d\u7f8e\u56fd\u533b\u751f\u548c\u62a4\u58eb\u8054\u540d\u7ed9\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u5199\u8bf7\u613f\u4e66\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u533b\u7597\u804c\u4e1a\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u7684\u548c\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u533b\u9662\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u90fd\u662f\u533b\u7597\u6551\u62a4\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff1b\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb5\u4e2a\u6708\u91cc\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7f8e\u56fd\u533b\u751f\u548c\u62a4\u58eb\u4e0d\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u8fd4\u56de\u548c\u5728\u524d\u8ff0\u5730\u533a\u4ece\u4e8b\u533b\u7597\u5de5\u4f5c\u2026\u2026\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7981\u6b62\uff08\u533b\u751f\u8fd4\u56de\uff09\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u533a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u88ab\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u533b\u7597\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7f8e\u56fd\u673a\u6784\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6b64\u7c7b\u6551\u6d4e\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u8981\u6c42\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u2018\u5411\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u51fa\u8ba9\u7f8e\u56fd\u533b\u751f\u548c\u62a4\u58eb\u7acb\u523b\u8fd4\u56de\u4f4d\u4e8e\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u673a\u6784\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e3a\u7684\u662f\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u6025\u9700\u533b\u7597\u6551\u52a9\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u4e0d\u53d7\u963b\u788d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5f97\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5f00\u5c55\u2019\u201d\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u4e0a\u6d77\u603b\u9886\u4e8b\u6d1b\u514b\u54c8\u7279\u544a\u8bc9\u8bf7\u613f\u8005\uff0c\u5df2\u5c06\u8bf7\u613f\u4e66\u62a5\u544a\u7ed9\u4e86\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\uff0c\u5e76\u627f\u8bfa\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u5c06\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u8bf7\u613f\u4e66\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7ee7\u7eed\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u957f\u8fbe\u6570\u6708\u7684\u5bf9\u65e5\u5916\u4ea4\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c1938\u5e746\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u5916\u52a1\u7701\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u5728\u5357\u4eac\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u540d\u5355\u4e3a\u52306\u670810\u65e5\u4e3a\u6b62\u63d0\u51fa\u7533\u8bf7\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd4\u56de\u65e5\u672c\u5360\u9886\u4e0b\u7684\u6cbf\u6c5f\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec26\u4f4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u7684\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f97\u5230\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u4eba\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u533b\u9662\u6709\u5173\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7279\u9c81\uff08G.S.Trew\uff09\u533b\u751f\u7533\u8bf7\u8fd4\u56de\u5357\u4eac\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6279\u51c6\u201d\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u9662\u7b49\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u4f1a\u533b\u9662\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4ea4\u6d89\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u5f53\u5c40\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u9010\u6b65\u653e\u677e\u5bf9\u6b27\u7f8e\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u91cd\u8fd4\u6216\u524d\u5f80\u7f8e\u56fd\u533b\u9662\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u9662\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u7d27\u7f3a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u9010\u6b65\u5f97\u5230\u7f13\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u533b\u9662\u4e0d\u53d7\u65e5\u672c\u58eb\u5175\u4fb5\u6270\uff0c\u65e9\u57281937\u5e7412\u670813\u65e5\u65e5\u519b\u5165\u57ce\u5f53\u5929\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u533a\u56fd\u9645\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u62c9\u8d1d\uff08John H.D.Rabe\uff09\u548c\u79d8\u4e66\u65af\u8fc8\u601d\u5c31\u4e0e\u65e5\u519b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u519b\u5b98\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u8bd5\u56fe\u5411\u519b\u5b98\u89e3\u91ca\u5b89\u5168\u533a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5730\u56fe\u4e0a\u6307\u7ed9\u4ed6\u770b\u201d\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u5b98\u627f\u8bfa\u201c\u53ea\u8981\u6ca1\u4eba\u5411\u65e5\u519b\u5c04\u51fb\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u5c31\u4f1a\u786e\u4fdd\u65e0\u6059\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u7b49\u4eba\u591a\u6b21\u81f4\u51fd\u65e5\u672c\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\uff0c\u6297\u8bae\u65e5\u519b\u5bf9\u533b\u9662\u7684\u4fb5\u6270\u30021937\u5e7412\u670819\u65e5\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u81f4\u4fe1\u65e5\u672c\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\uff0c\u9664\u6297\u8bae12\u670818\u65e5\u65e5\u672c\u58eb\u5175\u5728\u533b\u9662\u5b9e\u65bd\u5f3a\u5978\u3001\u62a2\u52ab\u7b49\u66b4\u884c\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u6240\u533b\u9662\u4ee5\u524d\u66fe\u7ecf\u4eab\u6709\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u533b\u7597\u62a4\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u539f\u5148\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4e3a\uff0c\u533b\u9662\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u514d\u906d\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4fb5\u6270\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6ca1\u6709\u6025\u4e8e\u5411\u65e5\u65b9\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u6c42\u7ed9\u4e88\u7279\u6b8a\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf7\u6c42\u5728\u533b\u9662\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u5904\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5c97\u54e8\uff0c\u6216\u91c7\u53d6\u5176\u4ed6\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u7c7b\u66b4\u884c\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u7ed3 \u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n

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