{"id":76547,"date":"2026-09-23T16:35:10","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T08:35:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=76547"},"modified":"2026-09-23T16:35:10","modified_gmt":"2026-09-23T08:35:10","slug":"%e7%9a%87%e5%9b%bd%e4%b9%8b%e7%bf%b0%e5%b1%8f%ef%bc%9f%e6%b0%91%e6%97%8f%e5%9b%bd%e5%ae%b6%e4%b9%8b%e5%a4%96%e7%9a%84%e7%90%89%e7%90%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=76547","title":{"rendered":"\u201c\u7687\u56fd\u4e4b\u7ff0\u5c4f\u201d\uff1f\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u7409\u7403"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6765\u6e90\u4e28\u6f8e\u6e43\u65b0\u95fb\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u6587\u4e28\u674e\u51ef\u822a<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u572819\u300120\u4e16\u7eaa\u8f6c\u6298\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9886\u571f\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u3001\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u7b49\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5c9b\u5c7f\u65bd\u884c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u9886\u571f\u5360\u9886\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u4ee5\u62d3\u5c55\u5e02\u573a\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u7387\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u95e8\u6237\u5f00\u653e\u201d\u3001\u201c\u673a\u4f1a\u5747\u7b49\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u5217\u5f3a\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u4f01\u56fe\u5355\u72ec\u5360\u9886\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u529b\u91cf\u4e5f\u65e5\u76ca\u9ad8\u6da8\u30021898\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u53cd\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8054\u76df\u201d\uff08Anti-imperialist league\uff09\uff0c\u62b5\u5236\u7f8e\u897f\u541e\u5e76\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7fcc\u5e74\u8fd8\u662f\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\u7f8e\u83f2\u6218\u4e89\uff081899-1902\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u4e3e\u867d\u7136\u8feb\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u627f\u8ba4\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u8fd8\u662f\u4ee5\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e3a\u7531\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u5360\u9886\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4eca\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u72ec\u7acb\u6743\u529b\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u5217\u5b81\uff08Vladimir Lenin\uff0c1870-1924\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u51b3\u201d\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6297\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u603b\u7edf\uff08Thomas Woodrow Wilson\uff0c1856-1924\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u5341\u56db\u70b9\u548c\u5e73\u539f\u5219\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u548c\u7ea6\u7684\u8bae\u5b9a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u5341\u56db\u70b9\u539f\u5219\u201d\u4e5f\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5360\u9886\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65b0\u83b7\u5f97\u201c\u72ec\u7acb\u6743\u529b\u201d\u7684\u975e\u6b27\u6d32\u5730\u533a\uff08\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u6ee1\u8db3\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u6cbb\u201d\u6761\u4ef6\u624d\u53ef\u6700\u7ec8\u83b7\u5f97\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u8bf1\u5bfc\u3001\u89c4\u8bad\u975e\u6b27\u6d32\u5730\u57df\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1790152114903rdt8WL.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-09-23T08%3A28%3A37Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F48fe4c074fd1c148239a629d815e942cfed2d6735d00b6ae03ddc7cbf385ba68\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u4e0e\u5217\u5b81<\/p>\n<p>\u65e9\u57281868\u5e74\uff0c\u897f\u5468\uff081829-1897\uff09\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u300a\u4e07\u56fd\u516c\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u6b64\u516c\u6cd5\u5e76\u975e\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5168\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u897f\u6d0b\u8bf8\u56fd\u5728\u63a5\u89e6\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u65f6\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u662f\u5426\u670d\u4ece\u5176\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u4e14\u76f8\u4e92\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u62e5\u6234\u5176\u6743\u76ca\u6839\u672c\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u9075\u5b88\u591a\u5c11\u6027\u7406\u516c\u6cd5\u7684\u6761\u89c4\u201d\u800c\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u300a\u4e07\u56fd\u516c\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u6309\u7167\u798f\u6cfd\u8c15\u5409\uff081835-1901\uff09\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u534a\u91ce\u86ee\u201d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u4e0e\u897f\u6d0b\u5217\u5f3a\u7684\u4ea4\u6d89\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u9886\u4e8b\u88c1\u5224\u6743\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4e16\u754c\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u53c8\u5f88\u5feb\u5229\u7528\u300a\u4e07\u56fd\u516c\u6cd5\u300b\u91cd\u65b0\u5851\u9020\u5bf9\u5916\u79e9\u5e8f\u30021879\u5e74\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7409\u7403\u56fd\u201c\u65e5\u6e05\u4e24\u5c5e\u201d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5185\u52a1\u5927\u81e3\u517c\u201c\u7409\u7403\u85e9\u201d\u5904\u5206\u5b98\u677e\u7530\u9053\u4e4b\uff081839-1882\uff09\u5c31\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\uff08\u6b64\u72b6\u6001\uff09\u96be\u5bb9\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u82e5\u6211\u56fd\u5f03\u4e4b\u4e0d\u95ee\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u635f\u4e8e\u6211\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u989c\u9762\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e07\u56fd\u516c\u6cd5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u201d\uff0c\u65ad\u7136\u65bd\u884c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u7409\u7403\u5904\u5206\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u4e60\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5e38\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6982\u5ff5\u201c\u7409\u7403\u5904\u5206\u201d\u5728\u6218\u524d\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6d41\u4f20\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u660e\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u4f01\u56fe\u5c06\u201c\u541e\u5e76\u7409\u7403\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7eb3\u5165\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5efa\u6784\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u610f\u5730\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e0e\u6a21\u7cca\u7409\u7403\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u5185\u5730\uff08\u672c\u571f\u56db\u5c9b\uff09\u5e9f\u85e9\u7f6e\u53bf\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u201c\u7409\u7403\u5904\u5206\u201d\u5e76\u975e\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u7528\u8bed\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u541e\u5e76\u7409\u7403\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u57281872\u5e74\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u7409\u7403\u738b\u56fd\u201d\u6539\u4e3a\u201c\u7409\u7403\u85e9\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u7eb3\u5165\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u8f96\uff0c\u518d\u57281879\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5e9f\u85e9\u7f6e\u53bf\u201d\uff0c\u6539\u201c\u7409\u7403\u85e9\u201d\u4e3a\u201c\u51b2\u7ef3\u53bf\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7409\u7403\u85e9\u5904\u5206\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u6b63\u5982\u68ee\u5ba3\u96c4\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7409\u7403\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u65f6\u901a\u884c\u7684\u300a\u4e07\u56fd\u516c\u6cd5\u300b\u91cd\u65b0\u201c\u5321\u6b63\u201d\u4e2d\u65e5\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u5e76\u975e\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u5404\u201c\u85e9\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u677e\u7530\u9053\u4e4b\u624d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u201c\u7409\u7403\u5904\u5206\u201d\u53d6\u4ee3\u201c\u7409\u7403\u85e9\u5904\u5206\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1790152165459UPX4w4.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-09-23T08%3A29%3A27Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F0ef25a5555f16635d07ca08b808d7703c0c0411c46b7b5dce3d160ba8ffabf7a\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2\u897f\u5468\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u300a\u4e07\u56fd\u516c\u6cd5\u300b<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u660e\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u5bf9\u662f\u5426\u8981\u201c\u541e\u5e76\u7409\u7403\u201d\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u8428\u6469\u85e9\u5728\u5f81\u670d\u7409\u7403\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u9ed8\u8bb8\u7409\u7403\u7ee7\u7eed\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u85e9\u5c5e\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7409\u7403\u7684\u4e2d\u8f6c\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u989d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5bf9\u8428\u6469\u85e9\u6700\u540e\u80fd\u591f\u9886\u5bfc\u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0\uff0c\u63a8\u7ffb\u5e55\u5e9c\u7edf\u6cbb\u8d77\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8428\u6469\u85e9\u4ecd\u7136\u820d\u4e0d\u5f97\u5931\u53bb\u8fd9\u6761\u5229\u76ca\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5047\u82e5\u771f\u7684\u5c06\u7409\u7403\u7eb3\u5165\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7248\u56fe\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u660e\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4ece\u5185\u5730\u6d3e\u9063\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u6559\u5e08\u3001\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u7b49\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u884c\u653f\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521a\u521a\u5efa\u7acb\u653f\u6743\u7684\u660e\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7b14\u5de8\u989d\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u58eb\u65cf\u53db\u4e71\uff08\u897f\u5357\u6218\u4e89\uff09\u3001\u519c\u6c11\u8d77\u4e49\u7b49\u7b49\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u518d\u6709\u4f59\u529b\u5192\u7740\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\u7834\u88c2\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u541e\u5e76\u7409\u7403\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u76f4\u81ea\u8be9\u4e3a\u201c\u7687\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5bf9\u63a5\u53d7\u201c\u86ee\u5937\u201d\u7409\u7403\u4eba\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4eba\u79cd\u4e0a\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u5916\u52a1\u7701\u63d0\u51fa\u5c06\u7409\u7403\u56fd\u738b\u5217\u5165\u65e5\u672c\u201c\u534e\u65cf\u201d\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u5173\u7684\u5de6\u9662\u56de\u590d\u66f0\uff0c\u201c\u7409\u7403\u56fd\u738b\u4e43\u7409\u7403\u4e4b\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u76f8\u4e92\u6df7\u6dc6\u201d\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u7ee7\u7eed\u4fdd\u6301\u7409\u7403\u7684\u201c\u5c5e\u56fd\u201d\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u660e\u6cbb\u9ad8\u5c42\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u5426\u8ba4\u4e86\u201c\u7409\u7403\u4eba\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u81f3\u5c11\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u9688\u91cd\u4fe1\uff081838-1922\uff09\u3001\u6728\u6237\u5b5d\u5141\uff081833-1877\uff09\u3001\u4f0a\u85e4\u535a\u6587\uff081841-1909\uff09\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1790152195409wSQFqR.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-09-23T08%3A29%3A57Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2Fba9ca0d0142ba428b4be715913d76dc7c675ac8efda6dde3febc9001b47e6d3b\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b21903\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u962a\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u56de\u56fd\u5185\u529d\u4e1a\u535a\u89c8\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u7409\u7403\u4eba\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u52a3\u7b49\u4eba\u79cd\u201d\u4f9b\u5c55\u89c8<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9762\u5bf9\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u65e5\u672c\u6700\u540e\u8fd8\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u541e\u5e76\u7409\u7403\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u56fd\u9632\u7684\u8003\u8651\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u65f6\u4efb\u9646\u519b\u5927\u8f85\u7684\u5c71\u53bf\u6709\u670b\uff081838-1922\uff09\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7409\u7403\u867d\u7136\u571f\u5730\u72ed\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5730\u4f4d\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u672c\u571f\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u53ca\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u662f\u6d77\u4e0a\u4ea4\u901a\u8981\u5730\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65e5\u672c\u4e0d\u53bb\u541e\u5e76\u7409\u7403\uff0c\u897f\u6d0b\u5217\u5f3a\u6050\u6015\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5360\u9886\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5bf9\u6b64\u5730\u4e5f\u65e9\u6709\u89ca\u89ce\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cFrederic H. Balfour\uff081846-1909\uff09\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u5047\u82e5\u6211\u82f1\u56fd\u5f97\u6b64\uff08\u7409\u7403\uff09\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u5730\u5e03\u5175\u8bbe\u9632\uff0c\u9a7b\u5c6f\u4e8e\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u63d0\u9ad8\u6211\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u4e1c\u6d0b\u4e4b\u5730\u4f4d\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e95\u4e0a\u6bc5\uff081844-1895\uff09\u624d\u4f1a\u547c\u5401\uff0c\u8981\u5c06\u7409\u7403\u6539\u4e3a\u201c\u7687\u56fd\u4e4b\u7ff0\u5c4f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09<\/p>\n<p>1871\u5e74\uff0c\u7409\u7403\u5bab\u53e4\u5c9b\u7684\u5c9b\u6c11\u6f02\u6d41\u81f3\u53f0\u6e7e\uff0c\u88ab\u5f53\u5730\u201c\u751f\u756a\u201d\u6740\u5bb3\u3002\u4e24\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u660e\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u201c\u6740\u5bb3\u7409\u7403\u4eba\u5982\u540c\u6740\u5bb3\u6211\u8428\u6469\u6c11\uff0c\u6211\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u4fdd\u62a4\u6743\u76ca\u4e4b\u8d23\u201d\u4e3a\u501f\u53e3\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u8d54\u507f\u3002\u4f46\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7b54\u590d\u201c\u751f\u756a\u662f\u5316\u5916\u4e4b\u6c11\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u7ba1\u8f96\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u201d\u4ee5\u56de\u907f\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u672a\u66fe\u542c\u95fb\u524d\u5e74\u751f\u756a\u6740\u5bb3\u7409\u7403\u56fd\u4eba\u662f\u8d35\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u7409\u7403\u662f\u6211\u5c5e\u56fd\u201d\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1790152222956wIQTAX.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-09-23T08%3A30%3A25Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2Fbe8b91a6ae833d3711f6db1a763d1b3693b020117b3f8e113a9b3b80d9a213fe\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u6d3e\u9063\u519b\u201d\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u897f\u4e61\u4ece\u9053\u53ca\u5176\u5e55\u50da\u4e0e\u201c\u756a\u4eba\u201d\u5408\u5f71<\/p>\n<p>1874\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4ee5\u201c\u590d\u4ec7\u201d\u4e3a\u540d\u76ee\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u5175\u4fb5\u7565\u53f0\u6e7e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5927\u4e45\u4fdd\u5229\u901a\uff081830-1878\uff09\u4e0e\u5927\u9688\u91cd\u4fe1\u53c2\u594f\u7684\u300a\u53f0\u6e7e\u756a\u5730\u5904\u5206\u8981\u7565\u300b\uff081874\u5e742\u6708\uff09\u6240\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u51fa\u5175\u201d\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5c06\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e1c\u90e8\u201c\u751f\u756a\u201d\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u4e3b\u4e4b\u5730\u201d\u7eb3\u5165\u5e1d\u56fd\u7248\u56fe\u4ee5\u5185\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u79fb\u6c11\u62d3\u6b96\u201d\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u51fa\u5175\u201d\u662f\u201c\u7409\u7403\u5904\u5206\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u9884\u6f14\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u65e5\u519b\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e\u88ab\u759f\u75be\u7b49\u70ed\u5e26\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u6240\u56f0\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u64a4\u5175\uff0c\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u5360\u9886\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u9274\u4e8e\u5317\u65b9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u65e0\u610f\u5728\u5357\u6d77\u5f00\u542f\u6218\u7aef\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u7684\u65a1\u65cb\u4e0b\u540c\u610f\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u540c\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u5927\u4e45\u4fdd\u5229\u901a\u7b49\u8d74\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u4e0e\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\uff081823-1901\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d89\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5360\u9886\u53f0\u6e7e\u65e0\u671b\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u56f4\u7ed5\u7409\u7403\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u4f46\u9976\u6709\u610f\u5473\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u65e5\u6e05\u4e24\u56fd\u4e92\u6362\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u4e0e\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u81ea\u59cb\u81f3\u7ec8\u90fd\u672a\u63d0\u53ca\u201c\u7409\u7403\u201d\u4e8c\u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5927\u4e45\u4fdd\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u51fa\u53d1\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5546\u5b9a\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u7409\u7403\u5730\u4f4d\u672a\u5b9a\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u8d38\u7136\u63d0\u53ca\u201c\u7409\u7403\u201d\u53ea\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e14\u4f7f\u5f97\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u51fa\u5175\u201d\u53d8\u5f97\u540d\u4e0d\u7b26\u5b9e\u3002\u201c\u82e5\u5bf9\u65b9\u8c08\u53ca\uff08\u7409\u7403\uff09\u4e24\u5c5e\u8bba\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u9700\u56de\u987e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5e94\u5176\u8f9e\u4e3a\u4f73\u201d\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u65e5\u65b9\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u5426\u5b9a\u201c\u4e24\u5c5e\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u5bf9\u65e5\u65b9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6210\u529f\u5e76\u975e\u53d6\u5f97\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u8d54\u6b3e\uff08\u4ec5\u4e3a\u5176\u519b\u4e8b\u5f00\u9500\u7684\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u300a\u4e92\u6362\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u4e2d\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u201c\u9047\u5bb3\u8005\u201d\u662f\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u5c5e\u6c11\u201d\u4e00\u8282\u3002\u800c\u6e05\u671d\u5219\u5728\u300a\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u4e2d\u8f7d\u660e\uff0c\u6b64\u8d54\u6b3e\u662f\u4e0b\u8d50\u7ed9\u201c\u9047\u5bb3\u8005\u201d\u9057\u5c5e\u7684\u201c\u629a\u6064\u94f6\u5341\u4e07\u4e24\u201d\uff0c\u6697\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u5b97\u4e3b\u56fd\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6b64\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u7b7e\u8ba2\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6e05\u671d\u627f\u8ba4\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u541e\u5e76\u7409\u7403\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1790152247456ezVmjH.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-09-23T08%3A30%3A50Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F0995c1e7c17df01bc51f2b221cc8b26d31d168345abb387efe1c6194a3871525\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2\u677e\u7530\u9053\u4e4b\u4e0e\u5c1a\u6cf0<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u53f0\u6e7e\u51fa\u5175\u201d\u6700\u7ec8\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6536\u573a\u3002\u4f46\u65e5\u672c\u6697\u5730\u91cc\u5728\u7409\u7403\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u539f\u672c\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5927\u4e45\u4fdd\u5c31\u5c06\u201c\u7409\u7403\u85e9\u201d\u7684\u7ba1\u8f96\u6743\u4ece\u5916\u52a1\u7701\u79fb\u4ea4\u81f3\u5185\u52a1\u7701\uff0c\u4ee5\u793a\u7409\u7403\u95ee\u9898\u5f52\u5c5e\u65e5\u672c\u5185\u653f\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u4f461875\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u540c\u6cbb\u7687\u5e1d\u9a7e\u5d29\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u7ee7\u4f4d\u3002\u7409\u7403\u56fd\u539f\u6253\u7b97\u9075\u5faa\u671d\u8d21\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u65e7\u5236\uff0c\u6d3e\u9063\u5e86\u8d3a\u4f7f\u8282\u524d\u5f80\u5317\u4eac\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u62c5\u5fe7\u6b64\u4e3e\u4f1a\u5728\u897f\u6d0b\u9a7b\u5916\u4f7f\u8282\u56e2\u9762\u524d\u66b4\u9732\u7409\u7403\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6e05\u56fd\u201c\u85e9\u5c5e\u201d\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6a2a\u52a0\u5e72\u6d89\u3002\u540c\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6d3e\u677e\u7530\u9053\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u8b66\u5bdf\u4e0e\u519b\u961f\u7684\u52a0\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u7409\u7403\u56fd\u9996\u90fd\u90a3\u9738\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a\u201c\u7409\u7403\u5904\u5206\u201d\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u6b66\u529b\u7684\u606b\u5413\u4e0b\uff0c\u7409\u7403\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5c48\u670d\u30021877\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u7409\u7403\u56fd\u738b\u5c1a\u6cf0\uff081843-1901\uff09\u6d3e\u9063\u4ee5\u5411\u5fb7\u5b8f\uff081843-1891\uff09\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u4f7f\u8282\u56e2\u62b5\u8fbe\u798f\u5dde\uff0c\u5411\u798f\u5efa\u603b\u7763\u4f55\u73af\uff081816-1888\uff09\u3001\u5de1\u629a\u4e01\u65e5\u660c\uff081823-1882\uff09\u63a7\u8bc9\u65e5\u672c\u6b66\u529b\u541e\u5e76\u7409\u7403\u7684\u5b9e\u60c5\u3002\u5317\u4eac\u65b9\u9762\u8fd9\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u5c31\u7409\u7403\u5f52\u5c5e\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d89\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1790152273326wO4SyR.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-09-23T08%3A31%3A15Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F38df66cbb8433f8466ad643f8143a0cd5343941046f538fbfdb5b186e79ff075\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b21879\u5e743\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u677e\u7530\u9053\u4e4b\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u52a0\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fdb\u9a7b\u90a3\u9738\u9996\u91cc\u57ce<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u7409\u7403\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\u65e5\u8c08\u5224\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c0f\u718a\u82f1\u4e8c\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u7409\u7403\u5904\u5206\u201d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u7409\u7403\u4eba\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u4e1c\u6b27\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9886\u571f\u7ea0\u7eb7\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5229\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u8207\u90a3\u9738\u6da6\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u67e5\u770b\u4e2d\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u7409\u7403\u5904\u5206\u201d\u7684\u8c08\u5224\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u5173\u4e8e\u7409\u7403\u4eba\u5728\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u4eba\u79cd\u201d\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u201c\u5f88\u5c11\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u201c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1878\u5e749\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u5173\u7409\u7403\u6240\u5c5e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u8c08\u5224\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5916\u52a1\u537f\u5bfa\u5c9b\u5b97\u5219\uff081832-1893\uff09\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u9a7b\u65e5\u516c\u4f7f\u4f55\u5982\u748b\uff081838-1891\uff09\u5c31\u8c08\u5230\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4e07\u56fd\u516c\u6cd5\uff0c\u201c\u571f\u5730\u201d\u7684\u201c\u7ba1\u8f96\u6743\u201d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u201c\u5f81\u7a0e\u201d\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5386\u53f2\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e0a\u8f7d\u6709\u201c\u5c5e\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7edf\u6cbb\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u201c\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8bc1\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bfa\u5c9b\u4e3e\u51fa\u8428\u6469\u85e9\u57281609\u5e74\u5f81\u670d\u7edf\u6cbb\u7409\u7403\u738b\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u65e5\u672c\u5bf9\u7409\u7403\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u7409\u7403\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\uff0c \u5bfa\u5c9b\u5e76\u672a\u6d89\u53ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1790152296581m11MIt.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-09-23T08%3A31%3A38Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F3cd9fce605cfd0a2875f51d7b8a42e1d7dee6373229cbce2663432db436c5991\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2\u5bfa\u5c9b\u5b97\u5219\u4e0e\u4f55\u5982\u748b<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7fcc\u5e741879\u5e747\u670816\u65e5\u5728\u9a7b\u6e05\u516c\u4f7f\u5b8d\u6237\u7391\uff081829-1901\uff09\u5411\u603b\u7406\u8859\u95e8\u901a\u62a5\u65e5\u672c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u201c\u51b2\u7ef3\u53bf\u201d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3e\u51fa\u65e5\u672c\u4e0e\u7409\u7403\u7684\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u5730\u8109\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6587\u5b57\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u3001\u201c\u795e\u6559\u201d\u3001\u201c\u98ce\u4fd7\u201d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u5c9b\u6d25\u5bb6\u4e45\uff081547-1587\uff09\u7684\u7409\u7403\u5f81\u670d\u3002\u5b8d\u6237\u7391\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u7409\u7403\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4eba\u79cd\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u540c\u5e7410\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u6e05\u56fd\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u5916\u52a1\u7701\u7684\u53cd\u9a73\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u5173\u4e8e\u7409\u7403\u6c11\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u57281879\u5e74\uff0c\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u66fe\u59d4\u6258\u6b63\u5728\u73af\u7403\u65c5\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u524d\u603b\u7edf\u683c\u5170\u7279\uff08Ulysses S. Grant\uff0c1822-1885\uff09\u5c31\u7409\u7403\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u65a1\u65cb\u3002\u53cc\u65b9\u539f\u672c\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5206\u5c9b\u30fb\u589e\u7ea6\u65b9\u6848\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u627f\u8ba4\u65e5\u672c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\u6b27\u7f8e\u5217\u5f3a\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5185\u5730\u901a\u5546\u6743\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5141\u8bb8\u7409\u7403\u5728\u5bab\u53e4\u30fb\u516b\u91cd\u5c71\u5c9b\u201c\u590d\u56fd\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u7ea6\u7531\u4e8e\u7409\u7403\u738b\u65cf\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u5377\u5165\u4e0e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5317\u65b9\u9886\u571f\u7ea0\u7eb7\u800c\u88ab\u6401\u7f6e\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u4f46\u5c31\u65e5\u672c\u201c\u8ba9\u6b65\u201d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3e\u63aa\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5c06\u201c\u7409\u7403\u5904\u5206\u201d\u770b\u6210\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u7edf\u5408\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u60f3\u8c61\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u660e\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u541e\u5e76\u7409\u7403\u65f6\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u897f\u6d0b\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\uff08\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u3001\u4eba\u79cd\u8bba\uff09\u6574\u5408\u65e5\u672c\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0c\u65e2\u6709\u201c\u65f6\u4ee3\u9519\u4f4d\u201d\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53c8\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8fc7\u5206\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u897f\u6d0b\u51b2\u51fb\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7f3a\u9677\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/17901523242317Q3ryK.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-09-23T08%3A32%3A06Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F5b569dbe471e26f7a40251b75581c18c7309c1b9fb8762d78860a4a6e426c715\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2\u674e\u9e3f\u7ae0\u5728\u5929\u6d25\u4f1a\u89c1\u683c\u5170\u7279<\/p>\n<p>\u56db<\/p>\n<p>\u201cA State is also distinguishable from a Nation, since the former may be composed of different races of men, all subject to the same supreme authority. Thus the Austrian, Prussian, and Ottoman empires, are each composed of a variety of nations and people. So, also, the same nation or people may be subject to several States, as is the case with the Poles, subject to the dominion of Austria, Prussia, and Russia, respectively.\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u524d\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u670d\u4ece\u540c\u4e00\u4e3b\u6743\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u3001\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u548c\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u90fd\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u65cf\u7fa4\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u6216\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6ce2\u5170\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u5206\u522b\u88ab\u5965\u5730\u5229\u3001\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7edf\u6cbb\uff09\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5bf9\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f15\u81ea\u4ea8\u5229\u30fb\u60e0\u987f\uff08Henry Wheaton\uff0c1785-1848\uff091855\u5e74\u7248\u7684\u300a\u4e07\u56fd\u516c\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Elements of International Law\uff09\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\uff08State\uff09\u4e0e\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\uff08Nation\uff09\u662f\u88ab\u5206\u522b\u7406\u89e3\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u4e8c\u8005\u5e76\u65e0\u6240\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u60e0\u987f\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u50cf\u5965\u5730\u5229\u3001\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u3001\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u571f\u8033\u5176\u5e1d\u56fd\u7b49\u7b49\u662f\u62e5\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u201c\u4eba\u79cd\u201d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\u5185\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u660e\u6cbb\u7ef4\u65b0\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bb9\u6613\u7247\u9762\u5730\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u201c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5316\u201d=\u201c\u897f\u6d0b\u5316\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u897f\u6d0b\u4e16\u754c\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u5c1a\u672a\u786e\u7acb\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u660e\u6cbb\u65e5\u672c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5b83\u662f\u4ee5\u897f\u6d0b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u6a21\u4eff\u5bf9\u8c61\u5bf9\u56fd\u5185\u8d44\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u8bf4\u5b83\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u201cNation State\u201d\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c1877\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u53f8\u6cd5\u7701\u7f16\u8bd1\u60e0\u987f\u7684\u300a\u6d77\u6c0f\u4e07\u56fd\u516c\u6cd5\u300b\u5c31\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u201c\u56fd\u571f\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6c11\u79cd\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u201c\u51e1\u4e00\u56fd\u9886\u571f\u4e4b\u5e7f\u72ed\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u51fa\u81ea\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u4ec5\u5176\u4e2d\u592e\u4e4b\u9886\u571f\u4e3a\u5176\u56fa\u6709\u4e4b\u6240\u5c5e\u3002\u4e00\u6c11\u79cd\u6240\u5c5e\u4e4b\u5730\u53ef\u63a8\u53ca\u81f3\u4f55\u5904\uff0c\u6b64\u53e4\u6765\u672a\u6709\u5b9a\u8bf4\u3002\u4e14\u6c14\u5019\u4e00\u53d8\uff0c\u98ce\u571f\u4e00\u6539\uff0c\u6b64\u6c11\u79cd\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\u4e5f\u662f\u5e38\u6709\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u30021879\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u4e0e\u8f69\u5c3c\u8bd7\u603b\u7763\uff08John P. Hennessy\uff0c1834-1891\uff09\u4f1a\u9762\u7684\u5916\u52a1\u5927\u81e3\u4e95\u4e0a\u6bc5\u66fe\u81f4\u51fd\u4f0a\u85e4\u535a\u6587\uff0c\u79f0\u201c\u6628\u591c\u4e0e\u9999\u6e2f\u9547\u53f0\u540c\u98df\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u6d89\u53ca\u7409\u7403\u4e4b\u8981\u9886\u544a\u77e5\u3002\u5176\u5927\u610f\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5730\u5f62\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4ece\u8bed\u8a00\u98ce\u4fd7\u6765\u770b\uff0c\uff08\u7409\u7403\uff09\u4e43\u65e5\u672c\u5c5e\u5730\u662f\u660e\u786e\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u6b64\u4eba\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u4e86\u89e3\u7409\u7403\u4e4b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd8\u8bf4\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba9\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4e09\u56db\u65e5\u524d\u59d4\u6258\u60a8\u7684\u56de\u590d\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u8c03\u67e5\u540e\u5199\u6210\u3002\u4e14\u5176\u6587\u4e2d\u603b\u8bba\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5730\u5f62\u3001\u98ce\u4fd7\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1790152349710CaEceA.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-09-23T08%3A32%3A32Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2Fe90ff3ba8bf5e3810e1f794aefe4276702d40eb677d98f4cd50f46669e676b12\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2\u8f69\u5c3c\u8bd7\u4e0e\u4e95\u4e0a\u6bc5<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5904\u8c08\u53ca\u7684\u201c\u56de\u590d\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u4f0a\u85e4\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u9a7b\u6e05\u516c\u4f7f\u5a01\u59a5\u739b\uff08Thomas F. Wade\uff0c1818-1895\uff09\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u7409\u7403\u5904\u5206\u201d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u603b\u7763\u8f69\u5c3c\u8bd7\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e95\u4e0a\u6bc5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u672a\u5c31\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u9886\u571f\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u6743\uff08\u5f81\u7a0e\u3001\u5175\u5f79\u7b49\uff09\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f85\u52a9\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u201c\u5730\u5f62\u3001\u98ce\u4fd7\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u6b64\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4eba\u79cd\u201d\u7684\u8fa8\u522b\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e2d\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u4e94<\/p>\n<p>1873\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u5927\u69fb\u6587\u5f66\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u7409\u7403\u65b0\u5fd7\u300b\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u69fb\u8bf4\u8981\u4e3e\u51fa\u201c\u5341\u9879\u8bc1\u636e\u201d\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u201c\u7409\u7403\u9886\u6709\u201d\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u5730\u52bf\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5f00\u8f9f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4eba\u79cd\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6587\u5b57\u201d\u3001\u201c\u653f\u4f53\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4fdd\u62a4\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5f52\u5316\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5f81\u4f10\u201d\u3001\u201c\u738b\u7edf\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5927\u69fb\u660e\u786e\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u201c\u738b\u7edf\u201d\u624d\u662f\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u201c\u81f3\u8bba\u738b\u7edf\uff0c\u5219\u6240\u8c13\u821c\u5929\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u9547\u897f\u516b\u90ce\u4e4b\u80e4\uff0c\u800c\u5955\u4e16\u7ef5\u3005\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u6b64\u5176\u8a3c\u4e4b\u6700\u786e\u8005\u77e3\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5929\u671d\uff08\u6307\u65e5\u672c\uff09\u65e2\u6555\u4e3a\u85e9\u56fd\u534e\u65cf\uff0c\u6388\u4e4b\u4e00\u7b49\u4e4b\u5b98\uff0c\u5219\u540d\u79f0\u53f7\u4f4d\uff0c\u786e\u7136\u4e00\u5b9a\uff0c\u65e0\u590d\u6240\u5bb9\u7591\u800c\u5df3\u201d\u3002\u5728\u660e\u6cbb\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5927\u529b\u63a8\u884c\u6587\u660e\u5f00\u5316\u98ce\u5c1a\u7684\u660e\u516d\u793e\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5927\u69fb\u6587\u5f66\u7406\u5e94\u662f\u719f\u77e5\u897f\u6d0b\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8bba\u8ff0\u7409\u7403\u5f52\u5c5e\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u672a\u51f8\u663e\u201c\u4eba\u79cd\u201d\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u738b\u6743\u201d\u5728\u201c\u9886\u571f\u201d\u6240\u5c5e\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6743\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u897f\u6d0b\u8fd1\u4ee3\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e1c\u4e9a\u4e16\u754c\u5185\u90e8 \u201c\u534e\u5937\u79e9\u5e8f\u201d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1790152373762Txrm6h.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-09-23T08%3A32%3A55Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2Fbcff985614d16f9b739a48350cde0c4dc5de63339615a3f561cc11bd3a17d256\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2\u5927\u69fb\u6587\u5f66\u4e0e\u300a\u7409\u7403\u65b0\u5fd7\u300b<\/p>\n<p>Gotelind M\u00fcller-Saini\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0e\u897f\u6d0b\u201c\u4eba\u79cd\u578b\u79cd\u65cf\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08racial ethnocentrism\uff09\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u7684\u201c\u6587\u5316\u578b\u79cd\u65cf\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff08cultural ethnocentrism\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u6c49\u65cf\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u201c\u534e\u5937\u79e9\u5e8f\u201d\u91cc\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u66f4\u91cd\u89c6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65cf\u7fa4\u662f\u5426\u63a5\u53d7\u4e2d\u539f\u738b\u671d\u7684\u201c\u5fb7\u5316\u201d\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u5176\u751f\u7406\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u6e05\u738b\u671d\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5f02\u65cf\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u66f4\u662f\u770b\u91cd\u201c\u5fb7\u884c\u6559\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u201c\u8840\u7edf\u51fa\u8eab\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u96cd\u6b63\u5e1d\u520a\u884c\u7684\u300a\u5927\u4e49\u89c9\u8ff7\u5f55\u300b\uff081792\uff09\u5c31\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u201c\u534e\u5937\u201d\u7684\u533a\u5206\u662f\u6839\u636e\u201c\u793c\u4eea\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u201c\u79cd\u65cf\u201d\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u6ee1\u65cf\u3001\u6c49\u65cf\u7b49\u6c11\u65cf\u533a\u522b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5f52\u5c5e\u201c\u516b\u65d7\u201d\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53cd\u5bf9\u201c\u541e\u5e76\u7409\u7403\u201d\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u4e2d\uff0c \u4e5f\u5f88\u5c11\u6d89\u53ca\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4eba\u79cd\u201d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1879\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u608d\u7136\u541e\u5e76\u7409\u7403\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u300a\u7533\u62a5\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u9605\u629a\u6064\u7409\u7403\u96be\u4eba\u6279\u6298\u4e66\u540e\u300b\u793e\u8bba\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u7409\u7403\u4e4b\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u652f\u6d3e\u4e0e\u5426\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e66\u9619\u6709\u95f4\uff1b\u5373\u4f7f\u679c\u7cfb\u652f\u6d3e\uff0c\u5219\u4ea6\u5c82\u6709\u5937\u706d\u5176\u5b97\u652f\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e49\u8005\uff01\u536b\u4faf\u6bc1\u706d\u90a2\uff0c\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u300b\u4e66\u5176\u540d\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u706d\u540c\u59d3\u4e5f\uff1b\u7ecf\u8bad\u6240\u662d\uff0c\u53e4\u4eca\u4e0d\u6613\u3002\u4eca\u4e43\u4ee5\u8d2a\u5176\u571f\u5730\u4e4b\u6545\uff0c\u731d\u7109\u706d\u4e4b\uff1b\u800c\u53cd\u501f\u53e3\u4e8e\u672c\u5c5e\u5b97\u652f\uff0c\u7406\u5b9c\u5f52\u5e76\u3002\u8b6c\u8bf8\u6c11\u95f4\u6709\u593a\u7ee7\u4e4b\u6848\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5144\u5f1f\u3001\u53d4\u4f84\u4e4b\u4ea7\u636e\u4e3a\u5df1\u6709\uff0c\u800c\u66f0\u2018\u672c\u7cfb\u540c\u5b97\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u6518\u593a\u2019\uff1b\u6709\u662f\u7406\u4e4e\uff1f\u592b\u7409\u7403\u855e\u5c14\u5c0f\u56fd\uff0c\u653f\u4e8b\u3001\u5175\u9769\u4ece\u672a\u6574\u987f\uff1b\u4f8b\u4ee5\u2018\u517c\u5f31\u653b\u6627\u2019\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u706d\u4e4b\u4ea6\u4e0d\u4e3a\u8fc7\u3002\u800c\u65e5\u672c\u5fc5\u9970\u4e3a\u5206\u652f\u4e4b\u8bf4\uff0c\u5219\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u89e3\u8005\uff1b\u5f92\u591a\u4e3a\u90bb\u56fd\u4e4b\u53e3\u5b9e\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5f15\u7528\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u300b\u7684\u201c\u536b\u4faf\u6bc1\u706d\u90a2\u201d\u7684\u5178\u6545\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u6d88\u706d\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u59d1\u4e14\u4e0d\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u6d88\u706d\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u201c\u540c\u59d3\u201d\u7684\u201c\u5b97\u652f\u201d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u6781\u5176\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7409\u7403\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u201c\u652f\u6d3e\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5206\u652f\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u53cd\u800c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u5fb7\u201d\u3002\u4ece\u300a\u7533\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u53cd\u9a73\u4e2d\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u7409\u7403\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u738b\u5ba4\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5176\u540c\u59d3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5408\u5e76\u6b63\u5f53\u5316\u7684\u6839\u636e\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u300a\u7533\u62a5\u300b\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u53cd\u800c\u4e0e\u5927\u69fb\u6587\u5f66\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u66f4\u4e3a\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u4e86\u4e2d\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u5bf9\u300a\u4e07\u56fd\u516c\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e0a\u3002\u5f20\u5609\u5b81\u5728\u5bf9\u6bd4\u300a\u4e07\u56fd\u516c\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u6c49\u6587\u3001\u65e5\u6587\u8bd1\u672c\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u4e2d\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u201cthe same supreme authority\u201d,\u201cseveral States\u201d\u7b49\u539f\u672c\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u540c\u4e00\u4e3b\u6743\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8bf8\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u5168\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u4e00\u541b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6570\u541b\u201d\u6216\u201c\u8bf8\u56fd\u4e4b\u541b\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u201csovereign rights\u201d\uff08\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6743\uff09\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u4e5f\u88ab\u91cd\u91ce\u5b89\u7ece\uff081827-1910\uff09\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e4b\u6743\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u610f\u8bc6\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5728\u4e2d\u65e5\u4e24\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u4eba\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd1\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u3001\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u201c\u738b\u6743\u201d\u624d\u662f\u7edf\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u6700\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7528\u6881\u542f\u8d85\uff081873-1929\uff09\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u53ea\u77e5\u6709\u671d\u5ef7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u77e5\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u516d<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u5b9a\u7409\u7403\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\uff081894-1895\uff09\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7531\u4e8e\u5bb3\u6015\u7409\u7403\u4eba\u6697\u4e2d\u652f\u6301\u6e05\u738b\u671d\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u7409\u7403\u7684\u6e21\u6e05\u636e\u70b9\u4e45\u7c73\u6751\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6b66\u529b\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u505a\u597d\u4e86\u70e7\u6740\u4e45\u7c73\u6751\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u7409\u7403\u7684\u5e08\u8303\u9662\u6821\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u5f3a\u884c\u5c06\u5df2\u7ecf\u201c\u51b2\u7ef3\u53bf\u5316\u201d\u4e86\u7684\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u7f16\u5165\u201c\u8ba8\u9006\u519b\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u5bf9\u201c\u975e\u56fd\u6c11\u201d\u8005\u5c55\u5f00\u6740\u622e\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u53f2\u201d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u5982\u6b64\u591a\u7684\u201c\u975e\u56fd\u6c11\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u5efa\u6784\u53f2\u7684\u865a\u4f2a\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u5bf9\u7409\u7403\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5f3a\u5316\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u975e\u56fd\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u201c\u6b67\u89c6\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u660e\u786e\u5730\u88ab\u7409\u7403\u4eba\u6240\u611f\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/17901524024167nycqW.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-09-23T08%3A33%3A24Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2Fa895b0f57a9b2a8e2e29876b182ae7479b9bfce80b66c9fd4b3df4eacbed6d97\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b2\u6bd4\u5609\u6625\u6f6e\uff1b\u300a\u65e5\u97e9\u5408\u5e76\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u5b98\u62a5<\/p>\n<p>1910\u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u65e5\u97e9\u5408\u5e76\u201d\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u7409\u7403\u7684\u58eb\u65cf\u6bd4\u5609\u6625\u6f6e\uff081883-1977\uff09\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u8005Charles S. Leavenworth\u64b0\u5199The Loochoo Islands\uff081905\uff09\u5076\u7136\u5f97\u77e5\u4e8630\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u201c\u5206\u5c9b\u30fb\u589e\u7ea6\u65b9\u6848\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u7981\u611f\u53f9\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u5206\u5c9b\u65b9\u6848\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u73b0\u5728\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u65e9\u7a3b\u7530\u6821\u957f\u5927\u6ee8\u4fe1\u6cc9\u5148\u751f\uff08\u7409\u7403\u7c4d\uff09\u7b49\u6050\u6015\u662f\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u5427\uff01\u2026\u2026\u4ece\u82f1\u6587\u4e2d\u8bfb\u5230\u6b64\u4e8b\u771f\u7684\u8ba9\u4eba\u611f\u6168\u4e07\u5343\u3002\u201d\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u6bb5\u81ea\u767d\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6bd4\u5609\u6625\u6f6e\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u201c\u5076\u7136\u201d\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u65e5\u672c\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u540e\u6015\u3002\u90a3\u53e5\u201c\u6050\u6015\u662f\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u201d\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u4fa5\u5e78\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5bbd\u6170\u201d\u3002\u800c\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u201c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u201d\u671d\u9c9c\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u5c31\u6446\u5728\u4e86\u773c\u524d\uff0c\u201c\u65e5\u97e9\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u611f\u6168\u4e07\u5343\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6267\u7b14\u3002\u82e5\u60f3\u5f97\u77e5\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u7409\u7403\u53f2\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u3002\u4e16\u4eba\u66f0\uff0c\u7409\u7403\u662f\u957f\u7537\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u662f\u6b21\u7537\uff0c\u671d\u9c9c\u662f\u4e09\u7537\u201d\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u957f\u7537\u4e0e\u4e09\u7537\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u533a\u522b\u3002\u90a3\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u201c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u60b2\u54c0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileManager\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1790152428294s0Uabb.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-09-23T08%3A33%3A50Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F985152fa79de37d986215c1d2719b016caaa92a41506702f5e29674de3d8f071\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u25b21923\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4e61\u519b\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u201c\u81ea\u8b66\u56e2\u201d\uff0c\u8b66\u6212\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u901e\u671d\u9c9c\u4eba\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u5e76\u975e\u6bd4\u5609\u6625\u6f6e\u7684\u81c6\u60f3\u30021923\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u5173\u4e1c\u5927\u5730\u9707\u5927\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u4e1c\u4eac\u5c31\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5c60\u6740\u671d\u9c9c\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8bf4\u5e26\u6709\u671d\u9c9c\u8154\u8c03\u7684\u65e5\u8bed\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u81ea\u53d1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u6c11\u81ea\u8b66\u56e2\u201d\u6740\u5bb3\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u671d\u9c9c\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u3001\u7409\u7403\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8bed\u97f3\u8bed\u8c03\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b80\u964b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u88ab\u8bef\u6740\u7684\u201c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u662f\u65e0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5927\u6749\u8363\uff081885-1932\uff09\u3002\u5927\u5730\u9707\u7206\u53d1\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5609\u6625\u6f6e\u6b63\u597d\u4ece\u7409\u7403\u53bb\u4e1c\u4eac\uff0c\u5728\u6539\u9020\u793e\u62c5\u4efb\u7f16\u8f91\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u6df7\u4e71\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u201c\u4ece\u6740\u622e\u8005\u8eab\u8fb9\u4fa5\u5e78\u9003\u8d70\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u4f84\u513f\u5374\u6b7b\u4e8e\u6b64\u6b21\u5c60\u6740\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5173\u4e1c\u5927\u5730\u9707\u4e2d\u5c60\u6740\u671d\u9c9c\u4eba\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u4e86\u5f53\u5e74\u5728\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u5c60\u6740\u7409\u7403\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u201c\u975e\u56fd\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u7409\u7403\u4eba\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u88ab\u8fd1\u4ee3\u65e5\u672c\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\u62d2\u4e4b\u95e8\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6765\u6e90\u4e28\u6f8e\u6e43\u65b0\u95fb\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u6587\u4e28\u674e\u51ef\u822a \u4e00 \u7f8e\u56fd\u572819\u300120\u4e16\u7eaa\u8f6c\u6298\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9886\u571f\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6,10],"tags":[16960,9322,20905,21522],"views":4,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76547"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=76547"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76547\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":76549,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76547\/revisions\/76549"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=76547"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=76547"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=76547"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}