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1929\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u5e03\u300a\u4e61\u9547\u81ea\u6cbb\u65bd\u884c\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e03\u3001\u7b2c\u516b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e5d\u6761\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u7b2c\u4e03\u6761\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u4e4b\u8d44\u683c\u9650\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u7537\u5973\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4e61\u9547\u533a\u57df\u5185\uff0c\u5c45\u4f4f\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u6216\u6709\u4f4f\u6240\u8fbe\u4e24\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e74\u6ee1\u4e8c\u5341\u5c81\u201d\uff1b\u800c\u6709\u5de6\u5217\u60c5\u4e8b\u4e4b\u4e00\u8005\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u80fd\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u4e3a\u516c\u6c11\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u3001\u6709\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ecf\u5224\u51b3\u786e\u5b9a\u8005\uff0c\u4e8c\u3001\u8d2a\u5b98\uff0c\u6c61\u540f\uff0c\u571f\u8c6a\uff0c\u52a3\u7ec5\uff0c\u7ecf\u5224\u51b3\u786e\u5b9a\u8005\uff0c\u4e09\u3001\u892b\u593a\u516c\u6743\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u590d\u6743\u8005\uff0c\u56db\u3001\u7981\u6cbb\u4ea7\u8005\uff0c\u4e94\u3001\u5438\u7528\u9e26\u7247\uff0c\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4ee3\u7528\u54c1\u8005\u3002\u201d\u7b2c\u516b\u6761\u5219\u662f\u5ba3\u8a93\u65f6\u7684\u8a93\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u25cb\u25cb\u25cb\u6b63\u5fc3\u8bda\u610f\uff0c\u5f53\u4f17\u5ba3\u8a93\uff1a\u4ece\u6b64\u53bb\u65e7\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u81ea\u7acb\u4e3a\u56fd\u6c11\uff0c\u5c3d\u5fe0\u7aed\u529b\uff0c\u62e5\u62a4\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u4e09\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e94\u6743\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u52a1\u4f7f\u653f\u6cbb\u4fee\u660e\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u5b89\u4e50\uff0c\u63aa\u56fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u6c38\u56fa\uff0c\u7ef4\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u548c\u5e73\uff01\u6b64\u8a93\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u25cb\u25cb\u5e74\u25cb\u25cb\u6708\u25cb\u25cb\u65e5\uff0c\u25cb\u25cb\u25cb\u7b7e\u5b57 \u7acb\u8a93\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5ba3\u8a93\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u4e61\u9547\u516c\u6240\u5c06\u5ba3\u8a93\u4eba\u767b\u8bb0\u4e3a\u4e61\u9547\u516c\u6240\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u9664\u5c06\u516c\u6c11\u540d\u518c\u5448\u62a5\u533a\u516c\u6240\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8a93\u8bcd\u53ca\u516c\u6c11\u540d\u518c\u6c47\u8bf7\u533a\u516c\u6240\u8f6c\u5448\u53bf\u653f\u5e9c\u5907\u6848\u3002[10]<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u5982\u6b64\u96c6\u4e2d\u516c\u5e03\u6709\u5173\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u8db3\u89c1\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u5176\u91cd\u89c6\u4e4b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u800c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6761\u6587\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5373\u53ef\u7aa5\u5f97\u4e00\u6591\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u8a93\u8bcd\u8fd8\u662f\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u2014\u2014\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u53ca\u5176\u5b66\u8bf4\uff1b\u800c\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u2014\u2014\u6269\u5927\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u653f\u6743\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u6811\u7acb\u5357\u4eac\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5408\u6cd5\u7ee7\u627f\u4eba\u7684\u6b63\u7edf\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6b64\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u8fd8\u6709\u591a\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u59821936\u5e746\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u53d1\u5e03\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u5e9f\u6b62\u300a\u4e61\u9547\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u89c4\u5219\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5e02\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u89c4\u5219\u300b\uff0c\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u300a\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u89c4\u5219\u300b[14]\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u5e02\u516c\u6c11\u53ca\u4e61\u9547\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u89c4\u5219\u5408\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u884c\u9881\u5e03\u3002\u5728\u5185\u653f\u90e8\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u300a\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u89c4\u5219\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5f97\u8fdb\u884c\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u4eba\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u4e00 \u80cc\u53db\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u7ecf\u5224\u51b3\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u6216\u5c1a\u5728\u901a\u7f09\u4e2d\u8005\uff1b\u4e8c \u66fe\u670d\u516c\u52a1\u800c\u6709\u8d2a\u6c61\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5224\u51b3\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u6216\u5c1a\u5728\u901a\u7f09\u4e2d\u8005\uff1b\u4e09 \u892b\u593a\u516c\u6743\u8005\uff1b\u56db \u7981\u6cbb\u4ea7\u8005\uff1b\u4e94 \u6709\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u8005\uff1b\u516d \u5438\u7528\u9e26\u7247\uff0c\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u4ee3\u7528\u54c1\u8005\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u6b21\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5305\u62ec\u4e61\u9547\u516c\u6c11\u53ca\u5e02\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u5176\u5404\u5728\u6240\u5728\u5730\uff08\u4e61\u3001\u9547\u516c\u6240\u6216\u574a\u516c\u6240\uff09\u4e3e\u884c\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u5206\u522b\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002[15]\u8fd9\u6b21\u6761\u6587\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u5927\u6982\u4e0e\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7edf\u6cbb\u57fa\u672c\u7a33\u56fa\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u52bf\u529b\u5904\u4e8e\u4f4e\u6f6e\uff0c\u800c\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u5185\u90e8\u5374\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n

1942\u5e742\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u5185\u653f\u90e8\u53c8\u516c\u5e03\u300a\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u6682\u884c\u529e\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u53ca\u8a93\u8bcd\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u5176\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u51e1\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u7537\u5973\uff0c\u5728\u53bf\u533a\u57df\u5185\uff0c\u5c45\u4f4f\u516d\u4e2a\u6708\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6216\u6709\u4f4f\u6240\u8fbe\u4e00\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u6ee1\u4e8c\u5341\u5c81\u8005\u4e3a\u53bf\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u4f9d\u672c\u529e\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u3002\u201d[16]\u8a93\u8bcd\u4ea6\u53d8\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u25cb\u25cb\u25cb\u8a93\u4ee5\u81f3\u8bda\u5949\u884c\u4e09\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u62e5\u62a4\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u670d\u4ece\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u5e05\uff0c\u5c65\u884c\u516c\u6c11\u5e94\u5c3d\u4e4b\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5206\u62c5\u6297\u6218\u5efa\u56fd\u4e4b\u5927\u4e1a\uff01\u8c28\u8a93\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u25cb\u25cb\u5e74\u25cb\u25cb\u6708\u25cb\u25cb\u65e5\uff0c\u25cb\u25cb\u25cb\u7b7e\u5b57\u76d6\u7ae0\u7acb\u8a93\u3002[17]<\/p>\n

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\u7eb5\u89c2\u5357\u4eac\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u6cd5\u4ee4\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u5386\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u5f80\u5f80\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u4ee5\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u8fd9\u5145\u5206\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8be5\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u89c6\u4e3a\u5357\u4eac\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5c61\u6b21\u91cd\u65b0\u63a8\u884c\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u63a8\u884c\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee5\u6c5f\u82cf\u7701\u4e3a\u4e2a\u6848\u4f5c\u4e00\u7b80\u5355\u5206\u6790\u3002[21]<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u63a8\u884c\u53ca\u6548\u679c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5357\u4eac\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u9996\u90fd\u6240\u5728\u5730\uff0c\u6c5f\u82cf\u7701\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u653f\u5e9c\u9881\u5e03\u300a\u4e61\u9547\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u89c4\u5219\u300b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u6c5f\u82cf\u7701\u62df\u901a\u996c\u5404\u53bf\u53bf\u957f\u4ece\u901f\u8fa8\u7406\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u3002\u201d[22]\u636e\u5f53\u65f6\u5949\u8d24\u53bf\u53bf\u957f\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u81ea\u9075\u7167\u5185\u653f\u90e8\u6240\u9881\u300a\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u89c4\u5219\u300b\uff0c\u5949\u8d24\u5728\u524d\u53bf\u957f\u4efb\u5185\uff0c\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u529e\u7406\u3002\u6211\u63a5\u4efb\u540e\uff0c\u590d\u4e25\u52a0\u7763\u4fc3\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u8d76\u529e\u3002\u81f3\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e090\u5e74\u5341\u4e00\u6708\uff0c\u5168\u53bf\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u201d[23]\u518d\u5982\u6ea7\u9633\u53bf\u201c\u5168\u53bf\u8ba1\u5206\u4e5d\u533a\uff0c\u5404\u8bbe\u533a\u516c\u6240\uff0c\u533a\u957f\u7387\u7cfb\u533a\u957f\u8bad\u7ec3\u73ed\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\u5206\u522b\u6d3e\u5145\uff1b\u4e61\u9547\u603b\u6570343\uff0c\u5404\u8bbe\u4e61\u9547\u516c\u6240\uff0c\u4e61\u9547\u957f\u526f\u5747\u7ecf\u94e8\u59d4\u3002\u95fe\u90bb\u7f16\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u5df2\u7ae3\u4e8b\uff1b\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u79f0\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5404\u533a\u81ea\u6cbb\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u82e5\u8c03\u67e5\u6237\u53e3\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u6ce8\u518c\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u5df2\u79ef\u6781\u4e3e\u529e\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u6210\u7ee9\u3002\u201d[24]\u5357\u4eac\u5e02\u4e3a\u4e86\u8d76\u529e\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u914c\u7ed9\u5404\u533a\u516c\u6240\u4e34\u65f6\u8d39\u4e09\u5341\u5143\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u96c7\u5458\u8d76\u529e\u3002[25]\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u6b21\u6548\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bf8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u672a\u53d6\u5f97\u516c\u6c11\u8d44\u683c\u3002[26]<\/p>\n

1936\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba3\u5e03\u53ec\u5f00\u56fd\u5927\uff0c\u9009\u4e3e\u56fd\u5927\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u7ecf\u5ba3\u8a93\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u516c\u6c11\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u4e0e\u88ab\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u518d\u6b21\u6210\u4e3a\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u65e2\u975e\u7ecf\u5ba3\u8a93\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u516c\u6c11\u8bc1\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u516c\u6c11\u6743\uff0c\u5219\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u5e94\u5373\u4e3a\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u5178\u793c\u7684\u4e3e\u884c\u201d\u3002[27]\u5f53\u65b0\u7684\u300a\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u89c4\u5219\u300b\u516c\u5e03\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6c5f\u82cf\u7701\u518d\u6b21\u6380\u8d77\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u70ed\u6f6e\u3002\u5357\u4eac\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9996\u90fd\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u505a\u5168\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u6a21\u8303\u3002[28]\u6839\u636e\u300a\u5357\u4eac\u5e02\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u529e\u6cd5\u300b\u201c\u515a\u653f\u519b\u8b66\u5404\u673a\u5173\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u5c5e\u673a\u5173\u4e3e\u884c\u5ba3\u8a93\u5178\u793c\u201d\u4e4b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c[29]\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u4e00\u6b21\u76f8\u5f53\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u5e38\u719f\u53bf\u66f9\u5e08\u67f3\u5728\u300a\u4f2a\u56fd\u5927\u4ee3\u8868\u9009\u4e3e\u7684\u4e11\u5267\u56de\u5fc6\u300b\u4e2d\u8bb0\u8ff0\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u6c5f\u82cf\u7701\u4f2a\u9009\u4e3e\u603b\u76d1\u7763\u4f59\u4e95\u5858\u5c31\u804c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u53bf\u5373\u4e3e\u529e\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u3002\u5e38\u719f\u53bf\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u516d\u5e74\u516b\u6708\u5341\u4e8c\u65e5\uff0c\u57ce\u53a2\u5341\u56db\u9547\u540c\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e61\u533a\u4e8e\u540e\u4e00\u65e5\u5168\u90e8\u4e3e\u884c\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u4f2a\u53bf\u5e9c\u4ee5\u7b79\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u7d27\uff0c\u9887\u4e3a\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u822c\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u5bf9\u9009\u4e3e\u5e76\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u660e\u771f\u76f8\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u80af\u5ba3\u8a93\u3002\u4f2a\u53bf\u5e9c\u8d23\u4ee4\u5404\u4e61\u9547\u957f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7763\u4fc3\u4f2a\u4fdd\u7532\u957f\u53ca\u9547\u4e01\u7b49\uff0c\u6328\u6237\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u516c\u6c11\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u5fc5\u987b\u5ba3\u8a93\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u516c\u6c11\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u548c\u88ab\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u53c2\u52a0\u9009\u4e3e\u3002\u8fd8\u5b98\u6837\u6587\u7ae0\u5730\u89c4\u5b9a\u5438\u98df\u9e26\u7247\u3001\u53d7\u8fc7\u5211\u4e8b\u5904\u5206\u548c\u892b\u593a\u516c\u6743\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5ba3\u8a93\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5927\u5439\u5927\u64c2\uff0c\u5e7f\u5927\u4eba\u6c11\u8fd8\u662f\u6258\u6545\u89c4\u907f\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u5f53\u65f6\u9009\u4e3e\u4eba\u540d\u518c\uff0c\u65e9\u7ecf\u9020\u5c31\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6839\u672c\u662f\u5f20\u4e09\u674e\u56db\u80e1\u4e71\u586b\u5199\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u2018\u5ba3\u8a93\u2019\uff0c\u6b21\u65e5\u5373\u5ba3\u5e03\u57ce\u53a2\u6709\u4e09\u4e07\u591a\u4eba\u767b\u8bb0\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5728\u65e7\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5c4a\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6beb\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\u7684\u3002\u201d\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65e0\u9521\u3001\u5434\u53bf\u7b49\u5730\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u53ea\u6709\u5341\u4e4b\u516d\u4e03\u5230\u573a\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8865\u884c\u5ba3\u8a93\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u513f\u620f\u4e00\u822c\u3002[30]<\/p>\n

\u6297\u6218\u5168\u9762\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u6c5f\u82cf\u5168\u5883\u5f88\u5feb\u6ca6\u9677\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u6682\u65f6\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u540e\u5728\u6c6a\u4f2a\u653f\u5e9c\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a8\u884c\uff0c1941\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u6c6a\u4f2a\u5185\u653f\u90e8\u9881\u53d1\u300a\u5e02\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u6682\u884c\u529e\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c1930\u5e749\u6708\u6240\u9881\u300a\u5e02\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u89c4\u5219\u300b\u5e76\u65e0\u4e8c\u81f4\uff0c\u8a93\u8bcd\u5185\u5bb9\u7a0d\u6709\u53d8\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u25cb\u25cb\u25cb\u6b63\u5fc3\u8bda\u610f\uff0c\u5f53\u4f17\u5ba3\u8a93\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u53bb\u65e7\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u81ea\u7acb\u4e3a\u56fd\u6c11\uff0c\u5c3d\u5fe0\u7aed\u529b\uff0c\u62e5\u62a4\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u4e09\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e3b\u6743\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u52a1\u4f7f\u56fd\u6cbb\u4fee\u660e\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u5b89\u4e50\uff0c\u63aa\u56fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u6c38\u56fa\uff0c\u7ef4\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u548c\u5e73\u3002[31]<\/p>\n

\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u6c5f\u82cf\u7701\u5404\u533a\u4e13\u7f72\u3001\u5404\u53bf\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u9075\u7167\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u8fdb\u884c\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\uff0c\u5c31\u6c5f\u5b81\u3001\u5357\u901a\u3001\u5434\u53bf\u4e09\u5730\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u770b\uff0c\u6c5f\u5b81\u53bf\u4e8e1946\u5e744\u67083\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\u529e\u7406\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u5feb\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u597d\uff0c[32]\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u5230\u7701\u6c11\u653f\u5385\u7684\u5609\u5956\uff0c\u201c\u8be5\u53bf\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u529e\u7406\u8fc5\u6377\uff0c\u6b8a\u582a\u5609\u5956\uff0c\u60df\u5168\u53bf\u516c\u6c11\u6570\u76ee\u5e94\u4f9d\u6240\u5c5e\u4e61\u9547\u5206\u522b\u7537\u5973\u5217\u8868\u5907\u6848\uff0c\u62df\u6307\u996c\u77e5\u7167\u201d\u3002[33]<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u8fc7\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1<\/p>\n

\u5357\u901a\u5219\u56e0\u4e3a\u53bf\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u201c\u5730\u533a\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u6536\u590d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u4ea6\u6b20\u5b89\u5b9a\u201d\uff0c\u529e\u7406\u8f83\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u5e76\u7533\u8bf7\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u533a\u57ce\u53a2\u516b\u9547\u5148\u884c\u4e3e\u529e\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5404\u533a\u62df\u80af\u51c6\u4e88\u5c55\u7f13\u529e\u7406\u201d\u3002[34]\u5e76\u4e8e7\u670815\u65e5\u524d\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u6536\u590d\u533a\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u4efb\u52a1\u3002[35]<\/p>\n

\u5434\u53bf\u4e8e4\u67085\u65e5\u4e3e\u529e\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\uff0c[36]\u56e0\u4e3a\u5730\u5e7f\u4eba\u591a\uff0c\u529e\u7406\u8fdf\u7f13\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u201c\u7b2c\u4e09\u533a\u4e4b\u897f\u534e\u7b49\u4e94\u4e61\u9547\u5730\u6ee8\u592a\u6e56\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u7279\u6b8a\uff0c\u672a\u53ca\u529e\u7406\u5728\u5377\u201d[37]\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u6258\u52301947\u5e747\u6708\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u505c\u529e\u516c\u6c11\u5ba3\u8a93\u767b\u8bb0\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002[38]<\/p>\n

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\u4ed6\u63a5\u7740\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u5c71\u5148\u751f\u4e4b\u519b\u653f\u3001\u8bad\u653f\u3001\u5baa\u653f\u4e09\u6b65\u8d70\u7684\u5efa\u56fd\u65b9\u7565\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5f88\u5feb\u4fbf\u8fdb\u5165\u8bad\u653f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5176\u8bad\u653f\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u662f\u201c\u8bad\u7ec3\u4eba\u6c11\u884c\u4f7f\u56db\u6743\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u5730\u65b9\u81ea\u6cbb\u201d\uff0c[47]\u800c\u8bad\u653f\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u5374\u662f\u52a0\u5f3a\u515a\u6cbb\uff0c\u4ee5\u515a\u6cbb\u56fd\u30021928\u5e7410\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c4a\u7b2c172\u6b21\u4e2d\u592e\u5e38\u4f1a\u5236\u5b9a\u8bad\u653f\u7eb2\u9886\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u5927\u7eb2\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u9879\uff0c\u5176\u9996\u5148\u8a00\u660e\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e09\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u5efa\u56fd\u5927\u7eb2\u5728\u8bad\u653f\u65f6\u671f\u8bad\u7ec3\u56fd\u6c11\u884c\u4f7f\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u81f3\u5baa\u653f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5f3c\u6210\u5168\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u5de6\u4e4b\u7eb2\u9886\u3002\u201d\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u5171\u5206\u4e3a\u516d\u6761\uff1a<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

1928\u5e7410\u67084\u65e5\u520a\u767b\u5728\u300a\u4e2d\u592e\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u4e0a\u7684\u300a\u8bad\u653f\u7eb2\u9886\u300b<\/p>\n

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