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src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileAsset\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1790723083863P4v2T8.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-09-29T23%3A04%3A44Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F2c4fd635a4694bcfcfdef1bd8b043e25183eb09f885417b24887976c1930b9f3\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u5b66\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileAsset\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1790723122126cXKM12.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-09-29T23%3A05%3A22Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F8ad877d16e8b9d5bd1cdac1c04725ba69b97b9c46f40555382ca37d8ecdf6a02\" 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Dall\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf7\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4e09\u95e8\u7cfb\u7684\u5316\u77f3\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u79cd\u5c5e\uff1b\u8fd8\u4e0e\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5b66\u4f1a\u7684\u79d8\u4e66\u3001\u8457\u540d\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u675c\u5229\u7279\u5c14\u00b7\u6c83\u5c14\u79d1\u7279\uff08Charles Doolittle Walcott\uff09\u4f1a\u9762\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u901a\u8fc7\u6c83\u5c14\u79d1\u7279\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u7ebd\u7ea6\u62dc\u8bbf\u7f8e\u56fd\u81ea\u7136\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986\u9986\u957f\u5965\u65af\u670b\uff08Henry Fairfield Osborn\uff09\u3002\u4e8b\u4e0d\u51d1\u5de7\uff0c\u5965\u65af\u670b\u5f53\u65f6\u4e0d\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u672a\u80fd\u8c0b\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u4e4b\u540e\u4e24\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u901a\u4fe1\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u81ea\u7136\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u62dc\u8bbf\u4e86\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u9a6c\u4fee\uff08William Diller Matthew\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\u5927\u8857\u7684\u66fc\u54c8\u987f\u5bbe\u9986\u81f4\u4fe1\u5965\u65af\u670b\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5730\u8d28\u8c03\u67e5\u6240\u7684\u6982\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u8c08\u5230\u4e86\u7b79\u5efa\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4fe1\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u5148\u751f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u5730\u8d28\u8c03\u67e5\u6240\u7ea6\u4e09\u5e74\u524d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6709\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u4f4d\u5458\u5de5\u548c\u4e00\u5ea7\u5730\u8d28\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u4f0a\u59cb\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u611f\u5230\u5f53\u52a1\u4e4b\u6025\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u5ea7\u4e13\u4e1a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u7531\u4e8e\u6218\u4e89\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u4e0d\u4fbf\u662f\u6781\u5927\u7684\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6218\u4e89\u7ec8\u4e8e\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8feb\u4e0d\u53ca\u5f85\u5730\u5411\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u673a\u6784\u6c42\u52a9\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684Smith\u535a\u58eb\u4e0eWalcott\u535a\u58eb\u5df2\u7ecf\u7b54\u5e94\u5c06\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u9f50\u5168\u5730\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5bc4\u4e00\u5957\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u671f\u5f85\u60a8\u4e0d\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u7ed9\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u60a8\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u9886\u57df\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u5982\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u8bba\u8457\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u5f88\u6b22\u8fce\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u4f1a\uff0c\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u8d74\u6b27\u7684\u65c5\u9014\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u4e8b\u8bf7\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5317\u4eac\u5730\u8d28\u8c03\u67e5\u6240\u4ee3\u7406\u6240\u957f\u7fc1\u6587\u704f\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5148\u6b64\u81f4\u8c22\uff01\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u656c\u4e0a<br 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Gunnar 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and the Peace of the World\uff09\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u540e\u5370\u6210\u5c0f\u518c\u5b50\u5e7f\u4e3a\u5206\u53d1\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u4e00\u81f4\u8981\u6c42\u5f52\u8fd8\u9752\u5c9b\u3001\u80f6\u5dde\u4e4b\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u57285\u67082\u65e5\u81f4\u7535\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u901a\u62a5\u4e86\u65e5\u672c\u5c06\u7ee7\u627f\u5fb7\u56fd\u5728\u5c71\u4e1c\u4e4b\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u6b64\u4e8b\u6781\u5927\u5730\u5524\u8d77\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u611f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f15\u7206\u4e94\u56db\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5bfc\u706b\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u65f6\u53d7\u5230\u6cd5\u56fd\u5404\u754c\u70ed\u60c5\u4e4b\u63a5\u5f85\uff0c\u5e76\u53c2\u8bbf\u6218\u5730\u3002\u671f\u95f4\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u591a\u7531\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6b27\u6d32\u6570\u6708\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u5bf9\u6881\u6c0f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u6df1\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u66fe\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u201c\u4e2a\u6027\u4ec1\u539a\uff0c\u592a\u91cd\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u201c\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u529b\u6781\u5f3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5fc5\u5b9a\u80fd\u6709\u4e0d\u673d\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u201d\u3002\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u665a\u5e74\u5b66\u672f\u751f\u6daf\u5411\u53f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u7684\u529d\u8bf4\u8d77\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileAsset\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1790723222139XJUpJt.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-09-29T23%3A07%3A02Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F2c5baf422a9d83097384147baabe166f2126aa8348d106e6025e52984c7e5099\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1919\u5e74\uff0c\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u3001\u848b\u767e\u91cc\u3001\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u4e00\u884c\u5728\u5df4\u9ece<\/p>\n<p>\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u6293\u7d27\u673a\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u4e5f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u57281919\u5e744\u67085\u65e5\u7531\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u5b66\u58eb\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u3001\u6c49\u5b66\u5bb6\u9ad8\u8fea\u7231\uff08Henri Cordier\uff09\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u516c\u5171\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u827a\u672f\u90e8\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e0b\u5c5e\u5730\u7406\u90e8\u7684\u79d8\u4e66\u590f\u5c14\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u62c9\u00b7\u9f99\u897f\u57c3\uff08Charles de la Ronci\u00e8re\uff09\u8fd8\u5ba3\u8bfb\u4e86\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f3\u670829\u65e5\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u6cd5\u6587\u4fe1\uff0c\u4fe1\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5730\u8d28\u8c03\u67e5\u6240\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u5730\u56fe\u6d4b\u7ed8\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u7ed3\u8bc6\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5927\u5b66\u5730\u8d28\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u80af\u5c3c\u601d\u00b7\u5229\u601d\uff08Charles Kenneth Leith\uff09\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u4fbf\u63a8\u8350\u5b66\u751f\u5230\u90a3\u91cc\u8fdb\u4fee\u3002\u8fd8\u5f97\u4fbf\u53c2\u89c2\u4e86\u6d1b\u6797\u5730\u533a\u7684\u94c1\u77ff\u4e1a\uff0c\u5e76\u8003\u5bdf\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u3001\u5b89\u8339\uff08Anjou\uff09\u5730\u533a\u7684\u77ff\u4e1a\u548c\u5730\u8d28\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u79bb\u5f00\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u57285\u670824\u65e5\u5357\u4e0b\uff0c\u5230\u8fbe\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u6e2f\u53e3\u57ce\u5e02\u5723\u585e\u5df4\u65af\u8482\u5b89\uff08San Sebastien\uff09\uff0c\u51e0\u5929\u540e\u4fbf\u5230\u82f1\u56fd\u30026\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u3001\u5f90\u65b0\u516d\u3001\u5f20\u541b\u52a2\u548c\u6768\u7ef4\u65b0\u4e00\u884c\u91cd\u8d74\u4f26\u6566\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u518d\u6b21\u76f8\u4f1a\u3002\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u4f5c\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u8c08\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u6027\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6f14\u8bb2\u591a\u7531\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u30026\u670813\u65e5\uff0c\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u3001\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u3001\u5f20\u541b\u52a2\u3001\u6768\u7ef4\u65b0\u7b49\u56db\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u53c2\u89c2\u4e86\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u7684\u6d77\u519b\u9020\u8239\u5382\uff08Rosyth Dockyard\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u53d7\u9080\u5728\u8239\u4e0a\u5348\u9910\u30027\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u4f26\u6566\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u8054\u76df\u963f\u5c14\u6770\u519c\u00b7\u5f17\u65af\uff08Algernon Firth\uff09\u7235\u58eb\u62db\u5f85\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u5348\u9910\uff0c\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u3001\u5f20\u541b\u52a2\u3001\u5f90\u65b0\u516d\u3001\u6768\u7ef4\u65b0\u548c\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4f4d\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4f5c\u966a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u7ea6\u5230\u4e867\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u4e0e\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u4e00\u884c\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u544a\u522b\uff0c\u800c\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u4e00\u884c\u7ee7\u7eed\u5230\u4f2f\u660e\u7ff0\u3001\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u7b49\u5730\u53c2\u8bbf\u30027\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u5728\u66fc\u57ce\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u8c08\u5230\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6539\u7531\u5f90\u65b0\u516d\u62c5\u5f53\u3002\u4e4b\u524d\u4e24\u65e5\uff0c\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u81f4\u4fe1\u745e\u5178\u81ea\u7136\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986\u7684\u53e4\u690d\u7269\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u8d6b\u52d2\uff08Thore Gustaf Halle\uff09\uff0c\u62df\u4e8e18\u65e5\u79bb\u5f00\u7ebd\u5361\u65af\u5c14\u8d74\u745e\u5178\u3002\u8d6b\u52d2\u66fe\u4e8e1916\u20141917\u5e74\u6765\u534e\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u690d\u7269\u5316\u77f3\u30021919\u5e744\u670824\u65e5\uff0c\u5f53\u8d6b\u52d2\u5f97\u77e5\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u81f4\u4fe1\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u4ed6\u5230\u745e\u5178\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u5230\u8fbe\u745e\u5178\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u62dc\u8bbf\u4e86\u8d6b\u52d2\u548c\u66fe\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5730\u8d28\u8c03\u67e5\u6240\u4efb\u804c\u7684\u745e\u5178\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e01\u683c\u5170\uff08Felix Reinhold Tengengren\uff09\uff0c\u53c2\u89c2\u4e86\u745e\u5178\u5317\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u94c1\u77ff\u57ce\u57fa\u5982\u7eb3\uff08Kiruna\uff09\u3002\u5728\u65af\u5fb7\u54e5\u5c14\u6469\uff0c\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u4e0e\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u5468\u8d5e\u8861\u4ea6\u6709\u5f80\u6765\u3002\u5468\u8d5e\u8861\u539f\u662f\u5730\u8d28\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c1918\u5e748\u6708\u5728\u745e\u5178\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0a\u6d77\u7ecf\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\uff0c\u6765\u5230\u745e\u5178\u81ea\u7136\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u968f\u8d6b\u52d2\u7814\u7a76\u53e4\u690d\u7269\u5b66\u3002\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u548c\u8d6b\u52d2\u66fe\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff0c\u8ba9\u5468\u8d5e\u8861\u7814\u7a76\u8d6b\u52d2\u548c\u5b89\u7279\u751f\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u690d\u7269\u5316\u77f3\u3002\u4f46\u4ee4\u4eba\u610f\u5916\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u88c5\u8f7d\u8d6b\u52d2\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5316\u77f3\u6807\u672c\u7684\u201cPeking\u201d\u53f7\u8f6e\u8239\u5728\u56de\u56fd\u9014\u4e2d\u6c89\u6ca1\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f25\u8865\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u5bf9\u8d6b\u52d2\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u6253\u51fb\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u8ba9\u5468\u8d5e\u8861\u4f9d\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u4e5f\u5316\u4e3a\u4e4c\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileAsset\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1790723259513UBkLDb.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-09-29T23%3A07%3A40Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F543b83fb1fe571fa9a51568bfb0c896a8af452d4c8b209323310767f7c0b7bb3\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u745e\u5178\u81ea\u7136\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986\u8d6b\u52d2\u6559\u6388\uff081921\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u745e\u5178\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u4e3a\u7b7e\u8bc1\u4e8b\u9887\u8d39\u5468\u6298\uff0c\u66fe\u59d4\u6258\u5468\u8d5e\u8861\u8d74\u4e39\u9ea6\u4f7f\u9986\u529e\u7406\u7b7e\u8bc1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e0d\u662f\u672c\u4eba\u4eb2\u81ea\u529e\u7406\u800c\u906d\u62d2\u30027\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u5468\u8d5e\u8861\u53c8\u4e0e\u4e01\u683c\u5170\u4e00\u8d77\u518d\u6b21\u5230\u4e39\u9ea6\u4f7f\u9986\uff0c\u4f7f\u9986\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7406\u7531\u62d2\u7edd\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u7684\u7b7e\u8bc1\u30027\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u5728\u62c9\u5404\u96f7\u7559\u4e4c\u65af\uff08Axel Lagrelius\uff09\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5728\u4e39\u9ea6\u4f7f\u9986\u5f97\u5230\u5916\u4ea4\u7b7e\u8bc1\uff0c\u5f53\u665a\u4e58\u706b\u8f66\u5230\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u3002\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u66fe\u548c\u62c9\u5404\u96f7\u7559\u4e4c\u65af\u4f1a\u9762\uff0c\u62c9\u6c0f\u4e8e\u5f53\u5e749\u670815\u65e5\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5b89\u7279\u751f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5316\u77f3\u91c7\u96c6\u5de5\u4f5c\u30027\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u4e0e\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e2d\u56fd\u670b\u53cb\u62dc\u8bbf\u4e86\u989c\u60e0\u5e86\uff0c\u989c\u6c0f\u5bf9\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u9887\u6709\u597d\u611f\uff0c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4ed6\u201c\u89c1\u591a\u8bc6\u5e7f\u201d\u3002\u5728\u745e\u4eac\u65f6\uff0c\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u62dc\u4f1a\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6\u65af\u6587\u00b7\u8d6b\u5b9a\uff08Sven Hedin\uff09\uff0c\u56de\u56fd\u4e0d\u4e45\u5373\u57281919\u5e7412\u67082\u65e5\u81f4\u4fe1\u65af\u6587\u00b7\u8d6b\u5b9a\uff0c\u611f\u8c22\u4ed6\u8d60\u9001\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>7\u670830\u65e5\u4e0b\u5348\uff0c\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u5728\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u4e58\u5750\u201c\u8153\u7279\u70c8\u516b\u4e16\u201d\u53f7\u8f6e\u8239\u8d77\u7a0b\u524d\u5f80\u7ebd\u7ea6\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6f2b\u6e38\u4e86\u8fd1\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u5e76\u518d\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u534e\u76db\u987f\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u897f\u90e8\u7684\u77ff\u7269\u5c40\u3002\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u6211\u4eec\u867d\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u901a\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u5730\u8d28\u8c03\u67e5\u6240\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u6000\u7279\uff08David White\uff09\u535a\u58eb\u7684\u5c45\u95f4\u534f\u8c03\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u845b\u5229\u666e\uff08Amadeus William Grabau\uff09\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u5730\u8d28\u8c03\u67e5\u6240\u62c5\u4efb\u9996\u5e2d\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u57f9\u517b\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fce\u6765\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c1919\u5e74\u7684\u5317\u4eac\u4e5f\u8fce\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f71\u54cd\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u7ea7\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u5bb6\u6b65\u8fbe\u751f\uff08Davidson Black\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u6765\u534e\u540e\u62c5\u4efb\u5317\u4eac\u534f\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e3a\u5317\u4eac\u5468\u53e3\u5e97\u53e4\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u624e\u5b9e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u5316\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u968f\u7740\u66f4\u591a\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u5b66\u672f\u520a\u7269\u7684\u521b\u529e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u548c\u53e4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u9010\u6e10\u8d70\u5411\u56fd\u9645\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65b0\u7eaa\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u884c\u5bf9\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u5f71\u54cd\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u5b83\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4ed6\u8fc7\u53bb\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6210\u89c1\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u773c\u5149\u91cc\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7f8e\u672f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6587\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u534a\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u770b\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u94b1\u591a\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89c9\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5ac9\u5992\u5fc3\uff1b\u4e00\u534a\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u7f8e\u672f\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u90fd\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4ee5\u524d\u4e5f\u5f88\u53d7\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u770b\u4e0d\u8d77\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u51fa\u54c1\u3002\u76f4\u7b49\u52301919\u5e74\u6211\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u6f2b\u6e38\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u591a\u6708\uff0c\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u79cd\u6210\u89c1\u7684\u53ef\u7b11\uff0c\u624d\u4e86\u89e3\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u7684\u65b0\u548c\u5927\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u53c8\u77e5\u9053\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u2018\u5929\u5e9c\u4e4b\u56fd\u2019\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5730\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7269\u535a\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6ca1\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5929\u4ea7\u5bcc\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u201d\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u7684 \u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\uff08Science\uff09\u6742\u5fd7\u5bf9\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u7684\u8bbf\u7f8e\u6d3b\u52a8\u5c31\u6709\u7b80\u77ed\u62a5\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileAsset\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1790723289394EVHFqD.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-09-29T23%3A08%3A09Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2Fd59a26cebdcd3ab31c3e5d7c0bb299928fbe374931d0f1bc038da032b4f59c2a\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u674e\u5e0c\u970d\u82ac\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b<\/p>\n<p>9\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u4ece\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u5750\u8239\u56de\u56fd\uff0c10\u6708\u5e95\u8fd4\u56de\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u957f\u8fbe\u5341\u4e2a\u591a\u6708\u7684\u6b27\u7f8e\u4e4b\u65c5\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u56de\u56fd\u540e\u5373\u5728\u77ff\u52a1\u53f8\u53f8\u957f\u5f20\u8f76\u6b27\u7684\u50ac\u4fc3\u548c\u7fc1\u6587\u704f\u7684\u8944\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u5168\u5fc3\u6295\u5165\u300a\u5730\u8d28\u6c47\u62a5\u300b\u7b49\u4e66\u520a\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u30021919\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u300a\u5730\u8d28\u6c47\u62a5\u300b\u6b63\u5f0f\u521b\u520a\uff0c\u5728\u521b\u520a\u53f7\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u519c\u5546\u90e8\u603b\u957f\u7530\u6587\u70c8\u3001\u6b21\u957f\u6c5f\u5929\u94ce\u4e0e\u77ff\u52a1\u53f8\u53f8\u957f\u5f20\u8f76\u6b27\u5206\u522b\u5199\u5e8f\u8868\u793a\u795d\u8d3a\u3002\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u4e5f\u5199\u4e86\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u5e8f\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u6587\u5e8f\u7684\u4e00\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u4ed6\u7279\u610f\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u5bb6\u674e\u5e0c\u970d\u82ac\uff08Ferdinand von Richthofen\uff09\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u523a\u6fc0\u548c\u9f13\u52b1\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u540e\u8f88\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u6307\u67d0\u4e00\u540d\u5177\u4f53\u7684\uff09\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u4eba\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b28\u62d9\uff0c\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u4e2a\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7279\u6709\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u89c2\u603b\u5728\u4ed6\u5fc3\u4e2d\u4f5c\u795f\uff1a\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53cc\u811a\u8d70\u8def\u662f\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5149\u5f69\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u800c\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5c0a\u4e25\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u7528\u6765\u6fc0\u52b1\u5e74\u8f7b\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u5b50\u594b\u53d1\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u88ab\u5730\u8d28\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4f20\u9882\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4e5f\u5e38\u88ab\u5b66\u8005\u63d0\u8d77\u3002\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5fb7\u6587\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u4e01\u6587\u6c5f\u8fd8\u7279\u610f\u52a0\u4e86\u7f57\u9a6c\u5267\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6cf0\u4f26\u63d0\u4e4c\u65af\uff08Terence\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u201c\u554a\uff01\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e8b\u90fd\u662f\u53d8\u7684\u201d\uff08Omnium rerum, heus, vicissitudo 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