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\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5174\uff0c1938\u5e74\u5965\u5730\u5229\u88ab\u5e76\u5165\u5e1d\u56fd\u7248\u56fe\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u5c14\u57ce\u5821\u4ea6\u88ab\u7eb3\u7cb9\u653f\u5e9c\u5f81\u7528\u30021940\u5e74\u57ce\u5821\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e0e\u70df\u8349\u5371\u5bb3\u5f00\u6218\u8054\u76df\u201d\uff08Deutsche Allianz zur Bek\u00e4mpfung der Gefahren des Tabaks\uff09\u5965\u5730\u5229\u652f\u90e8\u7684\u529e\u516c\u573a\u6240\u3002\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5d07\u5c1a\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u4e2a\u4eba\u536b\u751f\u73af\u5883\u6574\u6d01\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e00\u81f4\u4e00\u5f8b\u3002\u4e0e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u538c\u6076\u62bd\u70df\u559d\u9152\uff0c\u515a\u536b\u519b\u4eba\u4ee5\u5143\u9996\u662f\u77bb\uff0c\u8eab\u4f53\u529b\u884c\uff0c\u7387\u5148\u7981\u70df\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e4\u602a\u7684\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u3002\u4e0d\u96be\u63e3\u6469\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u518d\u8ba9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u591a\u52aa\u529b\u5e72\u4e0a\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u628a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u6d88\u706d\u5149\u4e86\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u8f6e\u5230\u70df\u6c11\u8fdb\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u4e86\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e1d\u56fd\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u65e0\u70df\u8349\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\uff08das erste Tabakfree- Reich\uff09\u30021942\u5e74\uff0c\u57ce\u5821\u88ab\u515a\u536b\u519b\u63a5\u7ba1\uff0c\u6b21\u5e74\u6839\u636e\u5e0c\u59c6\u83b1\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u88ab\u6539\u5efa\u6210\u76d1\u72f1\uff0c\u5f52\u5c5e\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u8fd1\u90ca\u7684\u8fbe\u8c6a\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\uff08KZ Dahau\uff09\u8f96\u7406\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u5173\u62bc\u4ece\u6b27\u6d32\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u6293\u6765\u7684\u9ad8\u7aef\u72af\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u519b\u4e8b\u7edf\u5e05\uff0c\u653f\u8981\u7684\u4eb2\u5c5e\uff0c\u4f53\u80b2\u660e\u661f\u7b49\uff0c\u515a\u536b\u519b\u5185\u90e8\u4e0d\u4f26\u4e0d\u7c7b\u5730\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u5c0a\u8d35\u56da\u72af\u201d\uff08Ehrenh\u00e4ftlinge\uff09\uff0c\u5230\u4e8c\u6218\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u57ce\u5821\u4e2d\u5171\u5173\u62bc\u670914\u540d\u5c0a\u8d35\u56da\u72af\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u62bc\u5728\u57ce\u5821\u7684\u5c0a\u8d35\u56da\u72af\u4e2d\u6709\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u8fbe\u62c9\u7b2c\uff08\u00c9douard Daladier 1884 – 1970 \uff09\u548c\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u96f7\u8bfa\uff08Paul Reynaud 1878 – 1966\uff09\u3002\u8fbe\u62c9\u7b2c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5949\u6301\u7ee5\u9756\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u5408\u4f19\u641e\u4e86\u300a\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u534f\u5b9a\u300b\uff0c\u7eb5\u5bb9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u8086\u8650\uff0c\u51fa\u5356\u76df\u53cb\u800c\u540d\u5782\u9752\u53f2\u3002\u96f7\u8bfa\u5219\u662f\u8fbe\u62c9\u7b2c\u7684\u653f\u654c\uff0c\u53cd\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u9c9c\u660e\u30021940\u5e743\u6708\u96f7\u8bfa\u4e34\u5371\u53d7\u547d\u51fa\u4efb\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u6cd5\u56fd\u6297\u51fb\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u519b\u4e8b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u5e2e\u732a\u961f\u53cb\u5f04\u5f97\u4e00\u8d25\u6d82\u5730\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u6218\u8d25\u5df2\u4e0d\u53ef\u633d\u56de\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u96f7\u8bfa\u5e2e\u52a9\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\u9003\u53bb\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u7ec4\u5efa\u81ea\u7531\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u6297\u51fb\u7eb3\u7cb9\uff0c\u5f3a\u786c\u642d\u4e58\u82f1\u7f8e\u987a\u98ce\u8f66\uff0c\u4f53\u9762\u6536\u590d\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u6218\u540e\u6324\u8fdb\u4e86\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4e94\u5f3a\uff0c\u603b\u7b97\u4e3a\u6cd5\u56fd\u591a\u5c11\u633d\u56de\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u9762\u5b50\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u6218\u8d25\u6295\u964d\u540e\uff0c\u96f7\u8bfa\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u5357\u90e8\u906d\u9047\u8f66\u7978\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6765\u5f97\u53ca\u9003\u51fa\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u5148\u88ab\u8d1d\u5f53\u7684\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8f6f\u7981\uff0c\u540e\u53c8\u88ab\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u62d8\u6355\uff0c\u5173\u62bc\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u8428\u514b\u68ee\u8c6a\u68ee\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\uff0c\u6218\u4e89\u540e\u671f\u88ab\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u4f0a\u7279\u5c14\u57ce\u5821\u5173\u62bc\u3002\u8fbe\u62c9\u7b2c\u548c\u96f7\u8bfa\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u6b7b\u654c\uff0c\u4e0d\u671f\u53c8\u5728\u57ce\u5821\u72ed\u8def\u76f8\u9022\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca6\u4e3a\u5357\u51a0\u5ba2\u9636\u4e0b\u56da\uff0c\u5904\u5883\u90fd\u4e0d\u751a\u4e50\u89c2\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u8fd8\u5728\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u653f\u89c1\u76f8\u4e92\u653b\u8ba6\u8bcb\u6bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1938\u5e74\u300a\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u534f\u5b9a\u300b\u7b7e\u8ba2\u540e\u5404\u65b9\u5408\u5f71\uff0c\u524d\u6392\u5de6\u8d77\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u9996\u76f8\u5f20\u4f2f\u4f26\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u603b\u7406\u8fbe\u62c9\u7b2c\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\uff0c\u58a8\u7d22\u91cc\u5c3c\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5916\u957f\u9f50\u4e9a\u8bfa\u4f2f\u7235<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1940\u5e745\u670818\u65e5\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\u4e0b\u5371\u5728\u65e6\u5915\uff0c\u96f7\u8bfa\uff08\u524d\u5de6\u4e8c\uff09\u91cd\u7ec4\u6218\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5ef6\u63fd\u4e3b\u6218\u6d3e\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\uff08\u53f3\u4e8c\uff09\u5165\u9601\uff0c\u7eb5\u89c2\u6cd5\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u96f7\u8bfa\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u4e00\u8fc7\u6e21\u6027\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u662f\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u5e2e\u52a9\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\u9003\u4ea1\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u6cd5\u56fd\u201d\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u6297\u6218\uff0c\u633d\u6551\u5e76\u91cd\u94f8\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u5728\u6218\u540e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d<\/p>\n

\u96f7\u8bfa\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u732a\u961f\u53cb\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6cd5\u56fd\u6218\u8d25\u7684\u524d\u540e\u4e24\u4efb\u6cd5\u519b\u6218\u65f6\u7edf\u5e05\u7518\u83ab\u6797\u5c06\u519b\uff08Maurice Gamelin 1872-1958\uff09\u548c\u9b4f\u521a\u5c06\u519b\uff08Maxime Weygand 1867-1965\uff09\u4e5f\u88ab\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5173\u5728\u4f0a\u7279\u5c14\u57ce\u5821\u3002\u6cd5\u519b\u7edf\u5e05\u7518\u83ab\u6797\u4e43\u6885\u6bd2\u665a\u671f\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u6885\u6bd2\u4f24\u773c\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u770b\u4e0d\u61c2\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u73a9\u95ea\u7535\u6218\u5f04\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5957\u82b1\u91cc\u80e1\u54e8\u7684\u62db\u6570\uff0c\u8f93\u5f97\u7a00\u91cc\u54d7\u5566\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53f2\u4e0a\u6709\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e8c\u6218\u4e43\u8d25\u4e8e\u6885\u6bd2\u4e4b\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9b4f\u521a\u5219\u4e3a\u4e00\u6218\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u4e00\u6218\u540e\u4efb\u6ce2\u5170\u6bd5\u82cf\u65af\u57fa\u5143\u5e05\u519b\u4e8b\u987e\u95ee\uff0c1920\u5e74\u5927\u8d25\u82cf\u4fc4\u4e8e\u534e\u6c99\u57ce\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u65f6\u540d\u503e\u5929\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u6218\u65f6\u5219\u5ec9\u9887\u8001\u77e3\uff0c\u5c1a\u80fd\u996d\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e72\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u6cd5\u8054\u519b\u6e83\u8d25\u6566\u523b\u5c14\u514b\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e34\u9635\u6613\u5e05\uff0c\u9b4f\u521a\u66ff\u6362\u7518\u83ab\u6797\u63a5\u4efb\u6cd5\u519b\u603b\u53f8\u4ee4\u3002\u5728\u5fb7\u519b\u673a\u68b0\u5316\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u75af\u72c2\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u9510\u5229\u653b\u52bf\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u9b4f\u521a\u7adf\u7136\u8fd8\u7528\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7684\u6218\u6cd5\u5e03\u9632\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u6240\u8c13\u56fa\u82e5\u91d1\u6c64\u7684\u201c\u9b4f\u521a\u9632\u7ebf\u201d\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5f04\u5f97\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u7a7f\u8d8a\u9b4f\u521a\u9632\u7ebf\u65f6\u6709\u70b9\u70e6\uff0c\u70e6\u607c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e00\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6536\u5bb9\u4e89\u5148\u6050\u540e\u7f34\u68b0\u6295\u964d\u7684\u6cd5\u519b\u5b98\u5175\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u8702\u62e5\u800c\u964d\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u5175\u9020\u6210\u9053\u8def\u5835\u585e\uff0c\u5f04\u5f97\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u60f3\u95ea\u7535\u4e5f\u95ea\u4e0d\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5766\u514b\u4e0a\u88c5\u4e0a\u6269\u97f3\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\u6cd5\u56fd\u5175\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a9\u6295\u964d\uff0c\u81ea\u5f8b\u81ea\u7231\uff0c\u6b66\u5668\u8f8e\u91cd\u4e00\u5e72\u7269\u54c1\u9700\u5728\u9053\u8def\u81ea\u884c\u6574\u9f50\u6709\u5e8f\u7801\u653e\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u9053\u8def\u7545\u901a\uff0c\u4e00\u5e72\u4eba\u7b49\u5219\u81ea\u89c9\u56de\u5bb6\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u7b11\u67c4\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u519b\u524d\u7edf\u5e05\u7518\u83ab\u6797\u5c06\u519b\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u4e0e\u96f7\u8bfa\u88ab\u89e3\u6551\u540e\u5728\u88ab\u635f\u6bc1\u7684\u56da\u5ba4\u4e2d\u5408\u5f71\uff0c\u72fc\u85c9\u4e00\u7247\u4e2d\uff0c\u56da\u5ba4\u7684\u8212\u9002\u60ec\u610f\u4ecd\u6e05\u6670\u53ef\u89c1<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u9b4f\u521a\u5c06\u519b\u9f0e\u76db\u65f6\u671f\u4e3a\u300a\u65f6\u4ee3\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u5c01\u9762\u4eba\u7269<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u5c71\u4e0d\u5bb9\u4e8c\u864e\uff0c\u51b5\u4e14\u90fd\u662f\u8d25\u843d\u5e73\u9633\u4e4b\u864e\uff0c\u9b4f\u521a\u4e0e\u7518\u83ab\u6797\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u5171\u6234\u5929\uff0c\u800c\u8fbe\u62c9\u7b2c\u548c\u96f7\u8bfa\u5219\u4e0d\u5f85\u89c1\u9b4f\u521a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6307\u6325\u6253\u70c2\u4ed7\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u9b4f\u521a\u4e0e\u8d1d\u5f53\u5143\u5e05\u4e00\u8d77\u7b56\u5212\u4e86\u706b\u7ebf\u505c\u6218\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5411\u5fb7\u56fd\u6295\u964d\uff0c\u505c\u6218\u540e\u9b4f\u521a\u51fa\u4efb\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4efb\u56fd\u9632\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u5730\u4f4d\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6c6a\u4f2a\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5468\u4f5b\u6d77\uff0c\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u79f0\u4e4b\u5373\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5978\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9b4f\u521a\u5728\u57ce\u5821\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f85\u89c1\u4ea6\u987a\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5de5\u4f1a\u9886\u8896\uff0c1951\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u548c\u5e73\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u83b1\u6602\u00b7\u5112\u5965\uff08L\u00e9on Jouhaux 1879 – 1954\uff09\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u6218\u524d\u53f3\u7ffc\u706b\u5341\u5b57\u515a\u9886\u8896\u5f17\u6717\u7d22\u74e6\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u62c9\u7f57\u514b\uff08Fran\u00e7ois de La Rocque 1885 – 1946\uff09\u4e5f\u540c\u88ab\u5173\u5728\u57ce\u5821\uff0c\u800c\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e0e\u706b\u5341\u5b57\u515a\u751f\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u52bf\u4e0d\u4e24\u7acb\u4e92\u76f8\u6253\u6740\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u56fd\u5de5\u8fd0\u9886\u8896\u83b1\u6602\u00b7\u5112\u5965\u88ab\u89e3\u6551\u540e\u63a5\u53d7\u7f8e\u519b\u65b0\u95fb\u90e8\u95e8\u91c7\u8bbf<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u56fd\u53f3\u7ffc\u706b\u5341\u5b57\u515a\u9886\u8896\u5f17\u6717\u7d22\u74e6\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u62c9\u7f57\u514b\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u7406\u5ff5\u6709\u5929\u7136\u597d\u611f\uff0c\u4e8c\u6218\u6cd5\u56fd\u6218\u8d25\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u62c9\u7f57\u514b\u8fd8\u5728\u548c\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5957\u8fd1\u4e4e\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u7eb3\u7cb9\u6293\u8fdb\u4e86\u57ce\u5821<\/p>\n

\u7f51\u7403\u660e\u661f\uff0c\u201c\u5df4\u65af\u514b\u98de\u4eba\u201d\u8ba9\u00b7\u6ce2\u7f57\u7279\u62c9\uff08Jean Borotra 1898 – 1994\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u5c0a\u8d35\u56da\u72af\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6ce2\u7f57\u7279\u62c9\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7f51\u7403\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5929\u5206\u8fc7\u4e8e\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u8d38\u7136\u53c2\u653f\uff0c\u8d9f\u6d51\u6c34\u5f53\u4e86\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u4f53\u80b2\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u7528\u6c49\u8bed\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u9644\u9006\u201d\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4ed7\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u6253\u5b8c\uff0c\u5148\u88ab\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u6293\u4e86\u5173\u8fdb\u4f0a\u7279\u5c14\u57ce\u5821\uff0c\u4ed7\u6253\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u53c8\u88ab\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u56e0\u4e3a\u53db\u56fd\u7f6a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5978\u60e9\u529e\uff0c\u5dee\u70b9\u88ab\u67aa\u6bd9\uff0c\u65b9\u77e5\u5f53\u5b98\u548c\u6253\u7f51\u7403\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u642d\u5b50\u4e8b\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u56da\u72af\u4e4b\u95f4\u654c\u610f\u592a\u6df1\uff0c\u52a0\u4e4b\u6d0b\u4eba\u8fdb\u9910\u4e0d\u8c19\u7af9\u7b77\uff0c\u559c\u7528\u5200\u53c9\u7b49\u5c16\u9510\u5229\u5668\uff0c\u57ce\u5821\u7684\u515a\u536b\u519b\u770b\u5b88\u4e3a\u907f\u514d\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u5728\u5171\u540c\u7528\u9910\u65f6\u4e92\u76f8\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5c0f\u9910\u5385\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7f51\u7403\u660e\u661f\uff0c\u201c\u5df4\u65af\u514b\u98de\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u7ef4\u5e0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u4f53\u80b2\u90e8\u957f\u8ba9\u00b7\u6ce2\u7f57\u7279\u62c9<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\u7684\u59d0\u59d0\u739b\u4e3d\uff08Marie-Agnes\uff09\u548c\u59d0\u592b\u4e5f\u662f\u57ce\u5821\u91cc\u7684\u5c0a\u8d35\u56da\u72af\uff0c\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u4e3e\u65d7\u6297\u5fb7\uff0c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5c31\u6293\u4ed6\u7684\u4eb2\u5c5e\u641e\u682a\u8fde\u62a5\u590d\uff0c\u6216\u6cc4\u6124\u6216\u8bb9\u8bc8\uff0c\u6b64\u4e43\u90aa\u6076\u653f\u6743\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u6837\u5f0f\u822c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56fe\u4e3a\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\u59d0\u59d0\u59d0\u592b\u88ab\u89e3\u6551\u540e\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u4eba\u81f4\u8c22<\/p>\n

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\u6218\u4e89\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u65e5\u76ca\u5403\u7d27\uff0c\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u660e\u663e\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u7535\u529b\u4f9b\u5e94\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u987b\u7528\u8721\u70db\u7167\u660e\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u5728\u5bf9\u7528\u8721\u70db\u7167\u660e\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u7126\u8651\u7684\u662f\u524d\u9014\u672a\u535c\uff0c\u6027\u547d\u582a\u5fe7\u7684\u5f53\u4e0b\u5904\u5883\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u524d\u603b\u7406\uff0c\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u59cb\u4f5c\u4fd1\u8005\u201c\u8001\u864e\u201d\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u5c0f\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\uff08Michel Clemenceau 1873 – 1964\uff09\u7ea6\u4e86\u96f7\u8bfa\uff0c\u7518\u83ab\u6797\uff0c\u5bf9\u57ce\u5821\u76d1\u6240\u957f\u5b98\uff0c\u515a\u536b\u519b\u4e0a\u5c09\u585e\u5df4\u65af\u63d0\u5b89\u00b7\u7ef4\u9ed8\u5c14\uff08Sebastian Wimmer 1902 – 1952\uff09\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u5439\u98ce\u4f1a\u3002\u5c0f\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\u4f1a\u8bb2\u5fb7\u8bed\uff0c\u5728\u5439\u98ce\u4f1a\u4e0a\u65e2\u662f\u56da\u72af\u4ee3\u8868\u4e5f\u662f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u56da\u72af\u65b9\u9664\u4e86\u62b1\u6028\u7528\u8721\u70db\u7167\u660e\u7684\u4e0d\u4fbf\u5916\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5bf9\u7ef4\u9ed8\u5c14\u6311\u660e\uff0c\u57ce\u5821\u56da\u72af\u7684\u5b89\u5371\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u4ed6\u6218\u540e\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u673a\u7075\u7684\u7ef4\u9ed8\u5c14\u5219\u8868\u793a\u57ce\u5821\u56da\u72af\u5982\u679c\u53d7\u5230\u4f24\u5bb3\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u8c08\u8bdd\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7ed9\u4e86\u60f6\u60f6\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ec8\u65e5\u7684\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u4e9b\u8bb8\u5b89\u6170\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7518\u83ab\u6797\uff08\u5de6\u4e00\uff09\uff0c\u5c0f\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\uff08\u5de6\u4e8c\uff09\u548c\u96f7\u8bfa\uff08\u53f3\u4e00\uff09\u88ab\u89e3\u6551\u540e\u5728\u635f\u6bc1\u7684\u57ce\u5821\u4e2d\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5175\u5408\u5f71<\/p>\n

\u5c0f\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\u6210\u4e3a\u5c0a\u8d35\u56da\u72af\uff0c\u88ab\u5173\u8fdb\u4f0a\u7279\u5c14\u57ce\u5821\u7740\u5b9e\u6709\u4e9b\u83ab\u540d\u5176\u5999\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u53d7\u5176\u7236\u8001\u864e\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\uff08Georges Clemenceau 1841-1929\uff09\u7684\u682a\u8fde\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u6df1\u7a76\u6050\u6015\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u4e4c\u9f99\u3002\u8001\u864e\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\u4e00\u8d2f\u53cd\u5fb7\u4ec7\u5fb7\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u7684\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u548c\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\u662f\u201c\u56db\u5de8\u5934\u201d\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u575a\u5b9a\u8981\u5e72\u6b7b\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u56b7\u56b7\u7740\u8981\u8ba9\u5fb7\u56fd\u8d54\u51fa\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a6c\u514b\uff0c\u662f\u6781\u4e3a\u82db\u523b\u5201\u94bb\u7684\u300a\u51e1\u5c14\u8d5b\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u63a8\u624b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4e3a\u65e5\u540e\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u57cb\u4e0b\u4e86\u7978\u6839\u3002\u8001\u864e\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u5c0f\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\u5c3d\u7ba1\u662f\u9ad8\u5e72\u5b50\u5f1f\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5751\u7239\u7684\u5b98\u4e8c\u4ee3\u3002\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u5c0f\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\u5229\u7528\u5176\u864e\u7238\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5751\u8499\u62d0\u9a97\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bc8\u9a97\u7f6a\u8fd8\u5403\u4e86\u5b98\u53f8\uff0c\u5f04\u5f97\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u7684\u8001\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\u6781\u4e3a\u5c34\u5c2c\u88ab\u52a8\uff0c\u7236\u5b50\u5173\u7cfb\u56e0\u6b64\u7834\u88c2\u3002\u81f31914\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7206\u53d1\uff0c\u5df2\u5165\u4e0d\u60d1\u4e4b\u5e74\u7684\u5c0f\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\u6168\u7136\u4ece\u519b\uff0c\u4fdd\u5bb6\u536b\u56fd\uff0c\u611f\u52a8\u4e86\u8001\u7236\uff0c\u7236\u5b50\u5173\u7cfb\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u3002\u5c0f\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u5dc5\u5cf0\u662f\u7236\u5b50\u8a00\u5f52\u4e8e\u597d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u864e\u7238\u5728\u67ab\u4e39\u767d\u9732\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u843d\u82f1\u6cb3\u7554\u83ab\u96f7\uff08Moret-Sur-Loing\uff09\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u5ea7\u5b8c\u5168\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6001\u6750\u6599\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u8305\u5c4b\uff0c\u8bf4\u662f\u7528\u6765\u4e3a\u864e\u7238\u517b\u8001\uff0c\u864e\u7238\u5927\u6982\u662f\u6015\u88ab\u513f\u5b50\u518d\u5751\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5165\u4f4f\u8305\u5c4b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u957f\u671f\u4f4f\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u897f\u90e8\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u6cbf\u5cb8\u5176\u5370\u8c61\u6d3e\u753b\u5bb6\u597d\u53cb\u83ab\u5948\u4e3a\u4ed6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u201c\u5370\u8c61\u82b1\u56ed\u201d\u4e2d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8305\u5c4b\uff0c\u5c0f\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\u6b6a\u6253\u6b63\u7740\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5efa\u7b51\u754c\u8d62\u5f97\u540d\u58f0\uff0c\u8305\u5c4b\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u8001\u864e\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8d2d\u7968\u53c2\u89c2\u8005\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8001\u864e\u7684\u751f\u5e73\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8305\u5c4b\u5efa\u7b51\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4e45\u800c\u4e45\u4e4b\uff0c\u843d\u82f1\u6cb3\u7554\u7684\u201c\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\u4e4b\u5bb6\u201d\u6210\u4e86\u5efa\u7b51\u8bbe\u8ba1\u754c\u4f4e\u78b3\u73af\u4fdd\u7406\u5ff5\u8457\u540d\u7684\u524d\u536b\u6807\u6746\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8001\u864e\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e8e1929\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7eb3\u7cb9\u628a\u5c0f\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u8d28\u5173\u62bc\u5176\u5b9e\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u4ee5\u6572\u8bc8\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4f4d\u4eba\u755c\u65e0\u5bb3\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u8d24\u8fbe\u201d\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u6572\u8bc8\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u72ec\u88c1\u653f\u6743\u60ef\u4e8e\u641e\u682a\u8fde\u62a5\u590d\u7684\u9634\u6697\u5fc3\u6001\u548c\u51f6\u6b8b\u672c\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u8001\u864e\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u4e0e\u5370\u8c61\u6d3e\u5927\u5e08\u83ab\u5948\u662f\u83ab\u9006\u4e4b\u4ea4\uff0c\u56fe\u4e3a\u4e24\u4eba\u5728\u5409\u7ef4\u5c3c\u7684\u83ab\u5948\u82b1\u56ed\u4e2d<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u83ab\u5948\u5927\u5e08\u4e3a\u8001\u864e\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u897f\u7aef\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u5cb8\u8fb9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u201c\u5370\u8c61\u82b1\u56ed\u201d\uff0c\u73b0\u4e3a\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986\uff0c\u4e0b\u65b9\u53ef\u89c1\u514b\u83b1\u8499\u68ad\u9752\u94dc\u5934\u50cf<\/p>\n

1945\u5e744\u670830\u65e5\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u81ea\u6740\uff0c\u5e1d\u56fd\u5d29\u6e83\u5728\u5373\u3002\u81ea\u77e5\u7f6a\u5b7d\u6df1\u91cd\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u515a\u536b\u519b\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u9003\u4ea1\uff0c\u4f0a\u7279\u5c14\u57ce\u5821\u56e0\u4e3a\u5730\u5904\u504f\u8fdc\uff0c\u627c\u8fdb\u5165\u963f\u5c14\u5351\u65af\u5c71\u4e4b\u8981\u6d25\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u5bfb\u6c42\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u5e87\u62a4\uff0c\u5411\u610f\u5927\u5229\u9003\u4ea1\u7684\u515a\u536b\u519b\u4eba\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9003\u4ea1\u7684\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7ad9\u3002\u8fbe\u8c6a\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u957f\u5b98\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u7ef4\u7279\uff08Eduard Weiter 1889 – 1945\uff094\u670830\u65e5\u643a\u5bb6\u4eba\u5230\u8fbe\u4f0a\u7279\u5c14\u57ce\u5821\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u79bb\u5f00\u8fbe\u8c6a\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u65f6\uff0c\u4eb2\u81ea\u4e0b\u4ee4\u5c60\u6740\u4e862000\u591a\u540d\u56da\u5f92\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u8fd8\u6839\u636e\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5728\u8fbe\u8c6a\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u711a\u5c38\u95f4\u5904\u51b3\u4e86\u201c\u5143\u9996\u4eb2\u72af\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u5564\u9152\u9986\u523a\u6740\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u529f\u8d25\u5782\u6210\u7684\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u57c3\u5c14\u745f\u3002\u7ef4\u7279\u5230\u8fbe\u57ce\u5821\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u56da\u72af\u6050\u614c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7ef4\u7279\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7ee7\u7eed\u9003\u4ea1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e24\u5929\u540e\u5728\u57ce\u5821\u4e2d\u83ab\u540d\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u81ea\u6740\u3002\u7ef4\u7279\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u9648\u5c38\u57ce\u5821\uff0c\u57ce\u5821\u957f\u5b98\u7ef4\u9ed8\u5c14\u4e0a\u5c09\u8ba9\u624b\u4e0b\u7684\u770b\u5b88\u628a\u5c38\u4f53\u62ac\u5230\u4f0a\u7279\u5c14\u6751\u5893\u5730\u57cb\u846c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u906d\u5230\u6751\u5e84\u7684\u672c\u5802\u795e\u7236\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u53ea\u80fd\u79c1\u4e0b\u91cc\u968f\u4fbf\u627e\u4e86\u4e00\u5904\u7a7a\u5730\u63a9\u57cb\u4e86\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u8fbe\u8c6a\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u957f\u5b98\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u7ef4\u7279\uff08Eduard Weiter 1889 – 1945\uff09\uff0c\u6b7b\u4e8e\u4f0a\u7279\u5c14\u57ce\u5821<\/p>\n

5\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u519b\u89e3\u653e\u4e86\u897f\u8ddd\u57ce\u582140\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u5965\u5730\u5229\u963f\u5c14\u5351\u65af\u91cd\u9547\u56e0\u65af\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\uff08Innsbruck\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u57ce\u5821\u6240\u5904\u7684\u56e0\u6cb3\u6cb3\u8c37\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5c1a\u6709\u4ece\u5df4\u767b\u548c\u5df4\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\u4e1c\u64a4\u4e8e\u6b64\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u515a\u536b\u519b\u7b2c17\u88c5\u7532\u6b65\u5175\u201c\u845b\u8328\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u4f2f\u5229\u6b23\u6839\u201d\u5e08\uff08\u94c1\u624b\u9a91\u58eb\u5e08\uff09\u5728\u6210\u5efa\u5236\u5730\u62b5\u5fa1\u7f8e\u519b\u7684\u4e1c\u8fdb\u3002\u7ef4\u7279\u4e4b\u6b7b\uff0c\u4f7f\u57ce\u5821\u7b3c\u7f69\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u672b\u65e5\u6c14\u6c1b\uff0c\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u6307\u65e5\u53ef\u5f85\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u80fd\u5426\u9003\u51fa\u751f\u5929\u5c1a\u9700\u8fd0\u6c14\u52a0\u4e0a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

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5\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e18\u514b\u7ef4\u5947\u4e00\u53bb\u4e0d\u8fd4\u6773\u65e0\u97f3\u4fe1\uff0c\u9677\u5165\u614c\u4e71\u7684\u7ef4\u9ed8\u5c14\u4e0a\u5c09\u5bb3\u6015\u4e5f\u50cf\u7ef4\u7279\u90a3\u6837\u6b7b\u5f97\u4e0d\u660e\u4e0d\u767d\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e26\u4e0a\u8001\u5a46\u9003\u4ea1\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u8fd8\u8bf7\u5c0a\u8d35\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u5584\u5f85\u56da\u5f92\uff0c\u4ee5\u5907\u88ab\u7f8e\u519b\u6293\u5230\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u514d\u6b7b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f6f\u79f0\u8ba9\u57ce\u5821\u7684\u515a\u536b\u519b\u770b\u5b88\u4eec\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u5df2\u6b7b\u7684\u7ef4\u7279\uff0c\u770b\u5b88\u4eec\u9042\u4f5c\u9e1f\u517d\u6563\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\u57ce\u5821\u56da\u72af\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u5c31\u88ab\u7f6e\u4e8e\u81ea\u751f\u81ea\u706d\u7684\u5883\u5730\u3002\u9003\u8dd1\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7ef4\u9ed8\u5c14\u88c5\u6a21\u4f5c\u6837\u5730\u5c06\u57ce\u5821\u7684\u6307\u6325\u6743\u79fb\u4ea4\u7ed9\u56e0\u4e3a\u53d7\u4f24\u5728\u57ce\u5821\u4f11\u517b\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u515a\u536b\u519b\u4e0a\u5c09\u65bd\u62c9\u5fb7\uff08Kurt-Siegfried Schrader\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u638c\u57ce\u5821\u6307\u6325\u6743\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u515a\u536b\u519b\u4e0a\u5c09\u65bd\u62c9\u5fb7\uff08Kurt-Siegfried Schrader\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u591c\u95f4\u83ab\u540d\u5176\u5999\u6210\u4e3a\u57ce\u5821\u53f8\u4ee4\u7684\u65bd\u62c9\u5fb7\u4e0a\u5c09\u65e9\u5c31\u538c\u5026\u4e86\u8fd9\u573a\u65e0\u4e49\u4e4b\u6218\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u770b\u5b88\u4eec\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u8dd1\u8def\uff0c\u65bd\u62c9\u5fb7\u5f53\u7136\u65e0\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u53f8\u4ee4\u3002\u60c5\u6025\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u65bd\u62c9\u5fb7\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u57ce\u5821\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u5e93\uff0c\u5c06\u6b66\u5668\u5206\u53d1\u7ed9\u56da\u72af\u4ee5\u9632\u4e0d\u6d4b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u56da\u72af\u4eec\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u63a5\u7ba1\u4e86\u57ce\u5821\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u6b66\u88c5\u515a\u536b\u519b\u519b\u5b98\uff0c\u65bd\u62c9\u5fb7\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3e\u52a8\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u81ea\u6211\u6551\u8d4e\u30025\u67084\u65e5\u4e2d\u5348\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u4e18\u514b\u7ef4\u9f50\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd4\u56de\u57ce\u5821\uff0c\u7ef4\u9ed8\u5c14\u4ee5\u53ca\u57ce\u5821\u770b\u5b88\u8dd1\u8def\uff0c\u57ce\u5821\u7684\u6377\u514b\u53a8\u5e08\u514b\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\uff08Andreas Krobot\uff09\u9a91\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\u53bb\u6c83\u683c\u5c14\u5bfb\u6c42\u63f4\u6551\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u6c83\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u6df7\u4e71\u4e0d\u582a\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4ecd\u7136\u88ab\u6b66\u88c5\u515a\u536b\u519b\u5360\u9886\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u88ab\u5965\u5730\u5229\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u514b\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u89c1\u5230\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u63b7\u5f39\u5175\u5c11\u6821\u8d5b\u666e\u00b7\u7518\u6208\u5c14\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5fb7\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u7518\u6208\u5c14\u5c11\u6821<\/p>\n

\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u8d5b\u666e\u00b7\u7518\u6208\u5c14\uff08Josef Sepp Gangl 1910 – 1945\uff09\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u5df4\u4f10\u5229\u4e9a\uff0c\u804c\u4e1a\u519b\u4eba\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u65f6\uff0c\u7518\u6208\u5c14\u9a7b\u5b88\u8428\u5c14\u5730\u533a\u5fb7\u6cd5\u5357\u90e8\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u592a\u4e3a\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u662f\uff0c1939\u5e749\u67081\u65e5\u5fb7\u56fd\u5165\u4fb5\u6ce2\u5170\u65f6\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u53e3\u5934\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5fb7\u56fd\u5ba3\u6218\uff0c9\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u4e3a\u51cf\u8f7b\u6ce2\u5170\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u5ba3\u793a\u6cd5\u56fd\u5bf9\u6ce2\u5170\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u6cd5\u519b11\u4e2a\u5e08\u66fe\u8fdb\u51fb\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u7eb5\u6df1\u8fbe8\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u4e09\u5fc3\u4e8c\u610f\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u8fdf\u7591\uff0c\u4e24\u661f\u671f\u4ee5\u540e\u5c31\u88ab\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u8d76\u56de\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u7518\u6208\u5c14\u5728\u6b64\u5f79\u4e2d\u53d7\u4f24\u3002\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u4e2d\u7518\u6208\u5c14\u5747\u5728\u4e1c\u7ebf\u670d\u5f79\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5357\u65b9\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u7fa4\u706b\u7bad\u70ae\u5175\u519b\u5b98\u53c2\u52a0\u57fa\u8f85\u5408\u56f4\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u9a81\u52c7\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u83b7\u9881\u4e00\u7ea7\u4e8c\u7ea7\u94c1\u5341\u5b57\u52cb\u7ae0\u30021944\u5e74\u7518\u6208\u5c14\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7b2c\u4e03\u63b7\u5f39\u5175\u65c5\u8c03\u9632\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c6\u6708\u76df\u519b\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u767b\u9646\uff0c\u7518\u6208\u5c14\u90e8\u53c2\u52a0\u574e\u57ce\u4fdd\u536b\u6218\u540e\u9677\u5165\u76df\u519b\u7684\u6cd5\u83b1\u585e\u5408\u56f4\uff08Kessel von Falaise\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e03\u63b7\u5f39\u5175\u65c5\u4ee5\u6298\u635f\u8fc7\u534a\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7a81\u56f4\u6210\u529f\u3002\u7518\u6208\u5c14\u90e8\u4e4b\u540e\u4e14\u6218\u4e14\u9000\uff0c\u5728\u64a4\u9000\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53c2\u52a0\u963f\u767b\u7a81\u51fa\u90e8\u6218\u5f79\u548c\u8428\u5c14\u5e03\u5415\u80af\u4fdd\u536b\u6218\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7518\u6208\u5c14\u667a\u52c7\u8fc7\u4eba\uff0c1945\u5e743\u6708\u518d\u83b7\u9881\u91d1\u8d28\u94c1\u5341\u5b57\u52cb\u7ae0\u5e76\u88ab\u64e2\u5347\u4e3a\u5c11\u6821\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u7518\u6208\u5c14\u624b\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u706b\u7bad\u70ae\u7b49\u91cd\u578b\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u90e8\u4e0b\u4e5f\u4ec5\u6709\u6570\u5341\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u9000\u5165\u56e0\u6cb3\u6cb3\u8c37\u540e\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u963f\u5c14\u5351\u65af\u5821\u5792\u201d\uff08Alpenfestung\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7518\u6208\u5c14\u5949\u547d\u9a7b\u9632\u6c83\u683c\u5c14\u3002\u7518\u6208\u5c14\u5bf9\u7eb3\u7cb9\u653f\u6743\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u751f\u6b7b\u4e0e\u5171\u7684\u4e0b\u5c5e\u4eec\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6d3b\u7740\u56de\u5bb6\u3002\u5728\u6c83\u683c\u5c14\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u4e0d\u60dc\u4e00\u5207\u4ee3\u4ef7\u62b5\u6297\u7f8e\u519b\uff0c\u800c\u57ce\u5185\u7684\u5e73\u6c11\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u758f\u6563\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5f00\u6253\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5de8\u5927\u4f24\u4ea1\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7f8e\u519b\u903c\u8fd1\uff0c\u57ce\u5185\u5c45\u6c11\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5c45\u6240\u7b49\u5efa\u7b51\u4e0a\u6302\u51fa\u767d\u65d7\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u906d\u5230\u7f8e\u519b\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u800c\u6839\u636e\u5e0c\u59c6\u83b1\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u51e1\u662f\u60ac\u6302\u767d\u65d7\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7537\u6027\u5747\u683c\u6740\u52ff\u8bba\u3002\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5bf9\u5e73\u6c11\u65bd\u5bb3\uff0c\u7518\u6208\u5c14\u51b3\u5b9a\u548c\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u53cd\u5fb7\u56fd\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u91cf\u8054\u624b\u4fdd\u62a4\u57ce\u5185\u5c45\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7518\u6208\u5c14\u9047\u5230\u524d\u6765\u6c42\u6551\u7684\u514b\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u8d39\u8e0c\u8e87\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4ed6\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u57ce\u5821\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u826f\u77e5\u903c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u89c1\u6b7b\u4e0d\u6551\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4ed6\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u6551\u63f4\u4f0a\u7279\u5c14\u57ce\u5821\u800c\u4e22\u4e0b\u57ce\u5185\u5c45\u6c11\u4e0d\u987e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u8981\u4fe1\u5b88\u4ed6\u5bf9\u90e8\u4e0b\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6d3b\u7740\u56de\u5bb6\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5b9e\u529b\u9a70\u63f4\u4f0a\u7279\u5c14\u57ce\u5821\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u4ee5\u5375\u51fb\u77f3\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5de8\u5927\u5371\u9669\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u6743\u8861\u518d\u4e09\uff0c\u7518\u6208\u5c14\u4f5c\u51fa\u60ca\u4eba\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7559\u5728\u6c83\u683c\u5c14\u57ce\u5185\uff0c\u4e0e\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u91cf\u4e00\u8d77\u4fdd\u62a4\u5e73\u6c11\uff0c\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u5219\u5e26\u4e8610\u4f59\u540d\u58eb\u5175\u6253\u7740\u767d\u65d7\u5f80\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u7f8e\u519b\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5e93\u592b\u65af\u5766\u6069\uff08Kufstein\uff09\u800c\u53bb\u3002\u7518\u6208\u5c14\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u89e3\u6551\u57ce\u5821\u7684\u56da\u72af\u53ea\u80fd\u6c42\u52a9\u4e8e\u7f8e\u519b\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u5728\u5e93\u592b\u65af\u5766\u6069\uff0c\u7518\u6208\u5c14\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u7531\u7f8e\u519b\u4e0a\u5c09\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6770\u514b\u00b7\u674e\uff08John C. “Jack” Lee\uff09\u7387\u9886\u7684\u7f8e21\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u7fa4\u7b2c12\u5766\u514b\u5e08\u7684\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8fde\u3002\u5728\u7518\u6208\u5c14\u4ecb\u7ecd\u60c5\u51b5\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u547d\u5173\u5929\uff0c\u674e\u7acb\u523b\u51b3\u5b9a\u8f6c\u5411\u4f0a\u7279\u5c14\u57ce\u5821\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u901a\u5f80\u57ce\u5821\u7684\u5c71\u8def\u6865\u6881\u574d\u584c\uff0c\u674e\u4e0a\u5c09\u6700\u7ec8\u53ea\u80fd\u591f\u7387\u9886\u4e00\u8f86\u201c\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u201dM4\u578b\u5766\u514b\uff0c\u4e00\u8f86\u5927\u4f17\u8fd0\u8f93\u8f66\u548c\u4e00\u8f86\u7f8e\u5f0f\u5409\u666e\uff0c\u634e\u4e0a\u7518\u6208\u5c14\u7b49\u5341\u4f59\u540d\u5fb7\u56fd\u5175\u548c\u4e34\u65f6\u641c\u7f57\u5230\u7684\u7f8e\u7b2c36\u6b65\u5175\u5e08\u7684\u5341\u4f59\u540d\u7f8e\u56fd\u5175\uff0c\u4e0d\u987e\u6563\u5e03\u5728\u57ce\u5821\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u6b66\u88c5\u515a\u536b\u519b\u94c1\u624b\u9a91\u58eb\u5e08\u7684\u706b\u529b\u62e6\u622a\uff0c\u5f84\u76f4\u51b2\u8fdb\u57ce\u5821\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\uff08\u9886\u5531\uff09\u4e94\u6708\u521d\u4e94\u5440\u90a3\u4e2a\u6253\u80dc\u4ed7\uff0c<\/p>\n

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\u4ffa\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u4e86\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e2a\u7ec8\u6781\u4e4b\u6218\u5440\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5440\u90a3\u4e2a\u731d\u4e0d\u53ca\u9632\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u7518\u683c\u5c14\u5440\u674e\u5440\u5e26\u5175\u90a3\u4e2a\u5389\u5bb3\u5440\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b50\u628a\u90a3\u4e2a\u94a6\u72af\u5168\u89e3\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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