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Eynard)\u5f15\u6e21\u5218\u82f1\uff0c\u540e\u516c\u5e03\u5176\u7f6a\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u52ab\u6740\u5546\u65c5\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u9075\u7167\u60e9\u6cbb\u76d7\u532a\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u5904\u4ee5\u6b7b\u5211\u201d\u30028\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u5218\u82f1\u88ab\u67aa\u51b3\u3002\u65c5\u6caa\u9102\u4eba\u6297\u8bae\u738b\u5360\u5143\u8bec\u544a\u6ee5\u6740\uff0c\u5e76\u81f4\u4fe1\u6cd5\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\uff0c\u6307\u8d23\u6cd5\u65b9\u201c\u8fdd\u53cd\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u4f8b\uff0c\u5f15\u6e21\u653f\u6cbb\u72af\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u4e8b\u56e0\u738b\u5360\u5143\u4e0b\u91ce\u800c\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e86\u4e4b\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u6cd5\u65b9\u540c\u610f\u5f15\u6e21\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e8b\u540e\u575a\u79f0\u6cd5\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u201c\u53d7\u8d3f\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e8b\u53d1\u65f6\u672a\u89c1\u6709\u8206\u8bba\u63d0\u53ca\u6b64\u4e8b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5218\u82f1\u5371\u5bb3\u516c\u5171\u5b89\u5168\u6216\u5f15\u6e21\u8981\u6c42\u65e0\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u771f\u76f8\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5acc\u72af\u7a76\u7adf\u5c5e\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u5211\u4e8b\u72af\u6291\u6216\u7279\u6b8a\u653f\u6cbb\u72af\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u5bf9\u8bc1\u636e\u548c\u65f6\u5c40\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5728\u5411\u8b66\u4e88\u5f15\u6e21\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u6c49\u53e3\u603b\u9886\u4e8b\u7684\u9646\u516c\u5fb7\u88ab\u63a8\u4e0a\u98ce\u53e3\u6d6a\u5c16\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9646\u516c\u5fb7(Georges Eug\u00e8ne Lecomte)\u751f\u4e8e1871\u5e74\uff0c\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u5df4\u9ece\u4e1c\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u4e3b\u4fee\u6c49\u8bed\uff0c1897\u5e748\u6708\u88ab\u6cd5\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u6d3e\u5f80\u5317\u4eac\u4efb\u89c1\u4e60\u7ffb\u8bd1(\u00e9l\u00e8ve-interpr\u00e8te)\u30021900\u5e748\u6708\u4e1c\u5357\u4e92\u4fdd\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u9646\u516c\u5fb7\u88ab\u6d3e\u5f80\u4e0a\u6d77\u534f\u52a9\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u76f8\u7ee7\u5728\u6c49\u53e3\u3001\u5929\u6d25\u548c\u53a6\u95e8\u4efb\u804c\u3002\u9646\u516c\u5fb7\u81ea1912\u5e74\u8d77\u957f\u671f\u5728\u6c49\u53e3\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c1916\u5e7412\u6708\u4efb\u6c49\u53e3\u9886\u4e8b\u30021924\u5e74\u9646\u516c\u5fb7\u8981\u6c42\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u5411\u6c49\u53e3\u589e\u6d3e\u4eba\u624b\u548c\u9a7b\u519b\u672a\u679c\u800c\u6e10\u751f\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u4e8e1925\u5e743\u6708\u8fd4\u56de\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u514b\u6765\u6885(PaulKremer)\u63a5\u4efb\u6c49\u53e3\u9886\u4e8b\u30021925\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u201c\u4e3a\u8865\u507f\u4ed6\u7684\u52c7\u6c14\u548c\u51b3\u5fc3\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u9646\u516c\u5fb7\u4ece\u4e8c\u7b49\u9886\u4e8b\u8854\u5347\u81f3\u603b\u9886\u4e8b\u8854\u300211\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u514b\u6765\u6885\u75c5\u901d\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u4e94\u5345\u8fd0\u52a8\u540e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u53cd\u5e1d\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u518d\u6b21\u8d77\u7528\u9646\u516c\u5fb7\u30021926\u5e743\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u201c\u9646\u516c\u5fb7\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8bf7\u6c42\u7559\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u88ab\u6d3e\u56de\u5230\u6c49\u53e3\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5317\u4f10\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u9646\u516c\u5fb7\u8fce\u6765\u5728\u534e\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6311\u6218\u30021926\u5e7411\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fc1\u90fd\u6b66\u6c49\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u5e03\u5728\u534e\u4e2d\u7acb\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u9a7b\u534e\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u4ee5\u634d\u536b\u6761\u7ea6\u7279\u6743\u4e3a\u5e95\u7ebf\uff0c\u201c\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\uff0c\u5728\u515a\u4e89\u548c\u519b\u9600\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\u4e25\u5b88\u4e2d\u7acb\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u89e6\u6012\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u654f\u611f\u795e\u7ecf\u201d\u30021927\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u6b66\u6c49\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5229\u7528\u6c11\u4f17\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u519b\u8b66\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u4e4b\u9645\u5f3a\u884c\u6536\u56de\u6c49\u53e3\u548c\u4e5d\u6c5f\u82f1\u79df\u754c\uff0c\u53f2\u79f0\u201c\u6c49\u6d54\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u3002\u8eab\u5904\u98ce\u66b4\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u9646\u516c\u5fb7\u4e0e\u6b66\u6c49\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u90e8\u957f\u9648\u53cb\u4ec1\u4e0d\u65ad\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c49\u53e3\u6cd5\u79df\u754c\u514d\u53d7\u51b2\u51fb\u3002\u4e8b\u540e\uff0c\u9646\u516c\u5fb7\u5411\u6cd5\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u5bf9\u6cd5\u56fd\u5728\u534e\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5931\u671b\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u56db\u5206\u4e94\u88c2\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u548c\u201c\u5e03\u5c14\u4ec0\u7ef4\u514b\u5206\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u5c06\u5371\u53ca\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4ed6\u81ea\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u6211\u5c31\u9884\u89c1\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u6cd5\u56fd\u5728\u534e\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u6e83\u9000\uff0c\u6211\u65e2\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0d\u8981\u7f6e\u8eab\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u613f\u626e\u6f14\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3e\u6b65\u7ef4\u8270\u5316\u89e3\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u800c\u6211\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c06\u8981\u626e\u6f14\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u201d\u9646\u516c\u5fb7\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u6e90\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u7acb\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u6b66\u529b\u5e72\u6d89\u5317\u4f10\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4e0e\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4ea4\u6d89\u65f6\u8fdb\u9000\u5931\u636e\u30021927\u5e747\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u9646\u516c\u5fb7\u5411\u6cd5\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u900f\u9732\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u201c\u5f7b\u5e95\u538c\u5026\u201d\uff0c\u81ea1897\u5e74\u8d77\u5c31\u957f\u671f\u5728\u534e\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4ed6\u660e\u786e\u8868\u793a\u201c\u4e0d\u613f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5ea6\u8fc7\u7b2c31\u4e2a\u5e74\u5934\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9646\u516c\u5fb7\u5728\u534e\u671f\u95f4\u5c61\u7ecf\u5927\u4e8b\uff0c\u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u4ea4\u6d89\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u4ed6\u957f\u671f\u62c5\u4efb\u6c49\u53e3\u9886\u4e8b\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6cd5\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u5bf9\u5176\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u9646\u516c\u5fb7\u5bf9\u82cf\u8054\u4eba\u3001\u5317\u6d0b\u519b\u9600\u3001\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5de6\u6d3e\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u90fd\u76f8\u5f53\u53cd\u611f\uff0c\u5bc4\u5e0c\u671b\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u201c\u6e29\u548c\u201d\u52bf\u529b\u626d\u8f6c\u4e71\u5c40\u3002\u9646\u516c\u5fb7\u5728\u5317\u4f10\u521d\u671f\u4fdd\u5168\u4e86\u6c49\u53e3\u6cd5\u79df\u754c\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4f46\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7acb\u653f\u7b56\u4f7f\u6cd5\u56fd\u57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