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\u6700\u521d\u8001\u5a18\u5a46\u6ee1\u5fc3\u7591\u8651\uff0c\u5bb3\u6015\u653f\u5e9c\u4f1a\u7981\u6b62\u5979\u4eec\u63a5\u751f\u3002\u5f53\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\u662f\u6765\u5411\u5979\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u63a5\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u624d\u6162\u6162\u5730\u653e\u677e\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5168\u9762\u800c\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u5404\u79cd\u96be\u4ea7\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u56db\u516d\u98ce\u7684\u9632\u6cbb\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u751f\u52a8\u5730\u8868\u73b0\u4e86\u751f\u80b2\u7684\u5371\u9669\u548c\u519c\u6751\u533b\u7597\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u532e\u4e4f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f53\u5a01\u80c1\u6bcd\u4eb2\u751f\u547d\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u80a2\u89e3\u80ce\u513f\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5219\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u6d88\u6bd2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u56db\u516d\u98ce\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0c\u6b7b\u4e8e\u56db\u516d\u98ce\u7684\u5a74\u513f\u5360\u6b7b\u4ea1\u603b\u6570\u7684\u5c06\u8fd1\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u4e3a38\uff05\uff08195\u4e2a\u5a74\u513f\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff09\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u519c\u6751\u65b0\u751f\u513f\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u5927\u4f53\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002\u8be5\u6751\u51fa\u751f\u7684522\u4e2a\u5a74\u513f\u4e2d\u53ea\u67098\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u65e7\u6cd5\u63a5\u751f\u3002\u57283\u540d\u63a5\u53d7\u201c\u65b0\u6cd5\u63a5\u751f\u201d\u7684\u5987\u5973\u4e2d\u4e00\u4eba\u662f\u65b0\u6cd5\u63a5\u751f\u5458\u7684\u59d0\u59d0\uff0c\u53e6\u4e24\u4eba\u4ece\u5f53\u5730\u5987\u5973\u4ee3\u8868\u90a3\u513f\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u65b0\u6cd5\u63a5\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u5a46\u5a46\u53c8\u592a\u8001\u4e86\uff0c\u6ca1\u6cd5\u63a5\u751f\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6b64\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u8fd98\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u5065\u5eb7\u5730\u6d3b\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6751\u6c11\u4eec\u90fd\u5938\u65b0\u6cd5\u63a5\u751f\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u6ee1\u8179\u72d0\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u8d77\u8349\u4e8e\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u89e3\u653e\u5173\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u521d\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u5408\u4f5c\u5316\u65f6\u671f\u8d2f\u7a7f\u5987\u5973\u536b\u751f\u5de5\u4f5c\u59cb\u7ec8\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u5987\u5973\u536b\u751f\u5de5\u4f5c\u53d1\u7aef\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u5730\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5efa\u56fd\u521d\u671f\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5987\u5973\u536b\u751f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u751f\u80b2\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u800c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u63a5\u751f\u6280\u672f\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u30021950\u5e74\u4e00\u7bc7\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u5927\u6807\u9898\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u6982\u62ec\u4e86\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e00\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u7eb2\u9886\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u201c\u5987\u5a74\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u4e0b\u4e61\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u65e7\u6cd5\u63a5\u751f\u9020\u6210\u5987\u5a74\u75c5\u4ea1\u3002\u987b\u63a8\u5e7f\u65b0\u6cd5\u6539\u9020\u65e7\u4ea7\u5a46\u3002\u201d\u63a5\u751f\u6539\u9769\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6c11\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89e6\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8bba\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u5916\u56fd\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u90fd\u63cf\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bd5\u56fe\u628a\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u5e26\u8fdb\u519c\u6751\u3002Joshua Goldstein\u5728\u5176\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u57f9\u8bad\u63a5\u751f\u5458\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u201c\u628a\u5987\u5973\u751f\u80b2\u884c\u4e3a\u4ece\u5730\u65b9\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\u8131\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\u800c\u5c06\u5176\u91cd\u6784\u4e8e\u65b0\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u5c01\u5efa\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bf9\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u5b55\u671f\u4fdd\u5065\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u88ab\u52a8\u5458\u8d77\u6765\u53bb\u5c4f\u9664\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u60ef\u4f8b\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u56fd\u5bb6\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u5987\u5973\u300b\u4e0a\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u8bb8\u591a50\u5e74\u4ee3\u6587\u7ae0\u90fd\u628a\u519c\u6751\u4ea7\u5a46\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u201c\u5c01\u5efa\u3001\u8ff7\u4fe1\u3001\u843d\u540e\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u5e94\u62db\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4ea7\u5a46\u4e5f\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u63cf\u7ed8\u6210\u5c01\u5efa\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65e0\u5fc3\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u5987\u8054\u5de5\u4f5c\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u7ed9\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u6765\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e7\u4ea7\u5a46\u88ab\u4e11\u5316\u6210\u5371\u5bb3\u5987\u5a74\u7684\u6076\u52bf\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

Delia Davin\u5bf9\u65e7\u4ea7\u5a46\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u7a0d\u5fae\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u800c\u65e7\u4ea7\u5a46\u5949\u732e\u4e86\u8f9b\u52e4\u6c57\u6c34\u3002\u201c\u8bb8\u591a\u2018\u5b66\u5458\u2019\u662f\u4e61\u6751\u4ea7\u5a46\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u810f\u624b\u548c\u957f\u6307\u7532\u611f\u67d3\u4e86\u65e0\u6570\u7684\u5987\u5973\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u4eec\u6709\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff1b\u4e00\u65e6\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u4e00\u70b9\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u80fd\u5e72\u7684\u533b\u7597\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u201d\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4f55\u8005\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136\uff1a\u65e0\u77e5\u7684\u4ea7\u5a46\u5fc5\u987b\u63a5\u53d7\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5979\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u5987\u5973\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u8ba8\u8bba\u90fd\u5f88\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u786e\u6279\u5224\u65e7\u4ea7\u5a46\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u91cd\u65b0\u57f9\u8bad\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u5979\u4eec\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6211\u5374\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u80b2\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u5c01\u5efa\u611a\u6627\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u4ea4\u950b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5374\u53c8\u6696\u6627\u4e0d\u660e\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u5404\u79cd\u8fd0\u52a8\u8bed\u6c47\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u6982\u5ff5\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u6355\u6349\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u63a5\u751f\u5458\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u571f\u6539\u751a\u81f3\u5a5a\u59fb\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u65e7\u4ea7\u5a46\u6ca1\u6709\u906d\u5230\u8bbd\u523a\u6253\u51fb\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u53d7\u5230\u6392\u6324\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u6c47\u62a5\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u8fd8\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f3a\u5316\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u662f\u7ed3\u5408\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ba8\u4f10\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u519c\u6751\u5987\u5a74\u536b\u751f\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e7\u4ea7\u5a46\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u91cd\u8981\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u76f4\u523050\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9655\u897f\u519c\u6751\u5987\u5973\u8fd8\u4e60\u60ef\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u751f\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8bb8\u591a\u662f\u7531\u53d7\u8fc7\u521d\u7ea7\u590d\u8bad\u7684\u65e7\u4ea7\u5a46\u63a5\u751f\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u89e3\u653e\u524d\u5c31\u63a5\u751f\u7684\u4ea7\u5a46\u751a\u81f3\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u89e3\u653e\u540e\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u63a5\u751f\u5458\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u52a0\u5f3a\u63a5\u751f\u5a46\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u6d3e\u51fa\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4ea7\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u4e3a\u519c\u6751\u63a5\u751f\u5a46\u8bb2\u8bfe\u3002[\u56fe\u6e90\uff1am.thepaper.cn]<\/p>\n

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\u4e24\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u7b56<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u5c31\u8bad\u7ec3\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u63a5\u751f\u5458\u548c\u65e7\u4ea7\u5a46\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5927\u591a\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u4e0a\u9636\u5c42\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u591a\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u63a5\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e61\u6751\u63a5\u751f\u5e76\u5728\u6570\u91cf\u4e0a\u5927\u5927\u8d85\u8fc7\u524d\u8005\u3002Charlotte Furth\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c1930\u5e7420\u4e16\u7eaa\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u6539\u9769\u5bb6Marion Yang\u4f30\u8ba1\u5927\u7ea6\u670920\u4e07\u65e7\u4ea7\u5a46\u9700\u8981\u590d\u8bad\u3002\u201d\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u4eca\u540e\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u5e74\u91cc\u65e7\u4ea7\u5a46\u4ecd\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u4eec\u7684\u63a5\u751f\u65b9\u6cd5\u5374\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u6279\u5224\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u62a5\u9053\u798f\u5efa\u4ea7\u5a46\u7528\u725b\u7caa\u6577\u8110\u5e26\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u60b2\u60e8\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u201c\u54c0\u53f9\u8bb8\u591a\u4ea7\u5a46\u6ca1\u6709\u638c\u63e1\u73b0\u4ee3\u533b\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u57f9\u8bad\u73ed\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u9a6c\u4e0a\u56de\u5230\u8001\u529e\u6cd5\u4e0a\u53bb\u4e86\u201d\u30021928\u5e74Marion Yang\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u63a5\u751f\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u5e45\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u7167\u7247\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5987\u5973\u5750\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6876\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u62ac\u6876\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u7ad9\u5728\u5979\u65c1\u8fb9\uff0c\u800c\u7167\u7247\u8bf4\u660e\u8ba9\u4eba\u4e00\u8eab\u51b7\u6c57\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u65e7\u4ea7\u5a46\uff08\u5750\u5728\u6876\u91cc\uff09\u3002\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u53cc\u624b\u548c\u819d\u76d6\u722c\u884c\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u5979\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u59ff\u52bf\u76f4\u8d77\u8eab\u6765\uff0c\u7528\u8863\u895f\u64e6\u64e6\u624b\uff0c\u6ca1\u518d\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u6e05\u6d01\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u624b\u6307\u76f4\u63a5\u4f38\u8fdb\u4e86\u9634\u9053\u3002\u201d\u5341\u51e0\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u751f\u6d3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u5987\u5973\u6307\u5bfc\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5728\u6297\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u6c5f\u897f\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53bf\u57f9\u517b\u4e00\u540d\u52a9\u4ea7\u58eb\u514d\u8d39\u63a5\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u8c34\u8d23\u65e7\u4ea7\u5a46\u662f\u201c\u6700\u6b8b\u5fcd\u7684\u201d\u3002\u65e7\u4ea7\u5a46\u662f\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u8bcb\u6bc1\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u4ee3\u533b\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u53cd\u9762\u6765\u754c\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u5979\u4eec\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u674e\u5ef7\u5b89\u57281935\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u519c\u6751\u536b\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u91cc\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u519c\u6c11\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u65b0\u6cd5\u63a5\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u4e3a\u671f\u4e09\u5468\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u655910\u540d\u4ea7\u5a46\u5b66\u4e60\u7528\u5f00\u6c34\u6d17\u624b\uff0c\u6d88\u6bd2\u526a\u5200\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u628a\u526a\u5200\u653e\u5728\u84b8\u9505\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u526a\u8110\u5e26\u65f6\u526a\u5200\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u5e72\u51c0\uff0c\u201c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5bf9\u5f85\u65e7\u4ea7\u5a46\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e94\u662f\u56e2\u7ed3\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u9010\u6e10\u6539\u9020\u5979\u4eec\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5632\u7b11\u3001\u8bbd\u523a\u3001\u6253\u51fb\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u53cd\u590d\u57f9\u8bad\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n

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20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5987\u5e7c\u4fdd\u5065\u7ad9\u3002[\u56fe\u6e90\uff1am.thepaper.cn]<\/p>\n

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