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1927\u5e74\u201c\u4e8c\u516d\u653f\u53d8\u201d\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e91\u5357\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u7fa4\u4f17\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u9f99\u4e91\u8b66\u60d5\u3002\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u5f00\u59cb\u201c\u6e05\u515a\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u9f99\u4e91\u9042\u9547\u538b\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e91\u5357\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5b8b\u65b9\u548c\u6d66\u5149\u5b97\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u9f99\u4e91\u5b9e\u65bd\u201c\u4e94\u00b7\u5341\u4e00\u201d\u5927\u902e\u6355\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u8bb8\u591a\u7fa4\u4f17\u9769\u547d\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u8f6c\u5165\u534a\u79d8\u5bc6\u6216\u79d8\u5bc6\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u3002[8]<\/p>\n

\u6297\u6218\u524d\u9f99\u4e91\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u654c\u89c6\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4f8b\u53ef\u89c1\u3002\u4e00\u662f1929\u5e74\u521d\u6606\u660e\u5317\u95e8\u8857\u53d1\u751f\u706b\u836f\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u4f24\u4ea1\u60e8\u91cd\uff0c\u9f99\u4e91\u9042\u5c06\u6b64\u6848\u8d23\u4efb\u63a8\u5230\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u501f\u6b64\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u79e6\u7f8e\u7b49\u516b\u4eba\u67aa\u51b3\u3002\u4e8c\u662f1930\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e91\u5357\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u9646\u826f\u53bf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u66b4\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u4e91\u5357\u7701\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u517c\u5efa\u8bbe\u5385\u957f\u5f20\u90a6\u7ff0\u5728\u7701\u52a1\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u201c\u5171\u515a\u6848\u5904\u7406\u592a\u8f7b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u66b4\u4e71\u53e0\u8d77\uff01\u4e0d\u6740\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5236\u6b62\u66b4\u4e71\u201d\uff0c\u9f99\u4e91\u9042\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5230\u7701\u515a\u90e8\u518d\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u88ab\u6355\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u5218\u5e73\u6977\u88ab\u67aa\u6740\u3002[9]<\/p>\n

\u9f99\u4e91\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u4ea6\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e89\u53d6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eb2\u81ea\u5ba1\u8baf\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e91\u5357\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u738b\u5fb7\u4e09\u548c\u675c\u6d9b\u7b49\u4eba\u3002\u636e\u9f99\u4e91\u5e55\u50da\u9a6c\u5b50\u534e\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u738b\u5fb7\u4e09\u88ab\u5173\u65f6\u66fe\u7ed9\u9f99\u4e91\u5199\u4fe1\uff0c[10]\u201c\u529d\u544a\u9f99\u4e91\u8d70\u9769\u547d\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u9f99\u4e91\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u5c01\u4fe1\uff0c\u6df1\u4e3a\u611f\u52a8\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b64\u4eba\u624d\u534e\u51fa\u4f17\uff0c\u4e0d\u6127\u662f\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7269\u201d\uff0c\u4fbf\u5728\u6df1\u591c\u5230\u4e94\u534e\u5c71\u9762\u5ba1\u738b\u5fb7\u4e09\uff0c\u7136\u738b\u5fb7\u4e09\u4e0d\u4e3a\u6240\u52a8\u3002[11]\u9f99\u4e91\u8fd8\u201c\u60ac\u8d4f\u5927\u6d0b\u4e09\u5343\u5143\u6349\u62ff\u675c\u6d9b\u201d\uff0c\u675c\u6d9b\u88ab\u53d8\u8282\u8005\u544a\u53d1\u540e\u4e8e1928\u5e7410\u6708\u88ab\u6355\uff0c\u4e8e\u6b21\u5e745\u6708\u727a\u7272\u3002[12]\u6d66\u5149\u5b97\u5fc6\u8ff0\uff0c\u201c\u9f99\u4e91\u4eb2\u81ea\u5ba1\u8baf\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u9f99\u4e91\u8bf4\u2018\u4f60\u4eec\u5e72\u9769\u547d\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4f55\u5728\uff1f\u2019\u6d9b\u7b54\u2018\u9996\u5148\u8981\u6253\u5012\u4f60\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u519b\u9600\u2019\u201d\u3002[13]\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u5c06\u9f99\u4e91\u770b\u4f5c\u9636\u7ea7\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u89c6\u5176\u4e3a\u5e94\u88ab\u7fa4\u4f17\u6253\u5012\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u6297\u6218\u524d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e91\u5357\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u201c\u7696\u5357\u4e8b\u53d8\u201d\u540e\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4e91\u5357\u7701\u5de5\u59d4\u59d4\u5458\u5218\u6e05\u6307\u51fa\uff0c1939\u5e741\u6708\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5357\u65b9\u5c40\u5bf9\u65e9\u671f\u4e91\u5357\u5730\u65b9\u515a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u662f\u201c\u6bd4\u8f83\u66b4\u9732\u201d\u3002[14]\u5b8b\u65b9\u548c\u6d66\u5149\u5b97\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u76f2\u52a8\u5de6\u503e\u4e0d\u65ad\u7ed9\u4e91\u5357\u515a\u5e26\u6765\u635f\u5931\u201d\u3002[15]<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u9700\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4e91\u5357\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u591a\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5b66\u5386\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u4fe1\u4ef0\u575a\u5b9a\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9f99\u4e91\u9547\u538b\u9769\u547d\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5c0a\u91cd\u6709\u6c14\u8282\u7684\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u800c\u9119\u89c6\u53d8\u8282\u8005\u3002[16]\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9f99\u4e91\u5141\u8bb8\u738b\u5fb7\u4e09\u5728\u72f1\u4e2d\u7ed9\u5bb6\u4eba\u5199\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u738b\u5fb7\u4e09\u7684\u201c\u72f1\u4e2d\u9057\u4e66\u201d\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5bb6\u4eba\u53ca\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u5c01\u4fe1\u7684\u4eba\u5f97\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u9769\u547d\u8005\u7684\u5fc3\u8def\u5386\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u4e3a\u9769\u547d\u8d74\u6b7b\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002[17]\u800c\u5bf9\u53d8\u8282\u8005\u738b\u7ecd\u7337\uff0c\u5f53\u9f99\u4e91\u5f97\u77e5\u4ed6\u5728\u897f\u5c71\u7ba1\u7406\u91c7\u77f3\u72af\u4eba\u65f6\uff0c\u8d2a\u6c61\u56da\u7cae\uff0c\u997f\u6b7b\u72af\u4eba\uff0c\u4fbf\u7acb\u5373\u67aa\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u70c2\u8d3c\u201d(\u9f99\u4e91\u539f\u8bdd)\u3002[18]<\/p>\n

\u81f330\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5bf9\u5ddd\u8d35\u4e24\u7701\u7684\u8695\u98df\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u63a7\u5236\u4e91\u5357\u7684\u4f01\u56fe\u65e5\u76ca\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u9f99\u4e91\u5bf9\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u7531\u4eb2\u8fd1\u8f6c\u4e3a\u9632\u8303\u3002[19]\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u9f99\u4e91\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5f00\u59cb\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5951\u673a\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u662f\u9f99\u4e91\u4e0e\u7ea2\u519b\u5c06\u9886\u7f57\u70b3\u8f89\u4e8e1935\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u7f57\u70b3\u8f89\u6d3e\u4eba\u7ed9\u9f99\u4e91\u9001\u6765\u5bc6\u4fe1\u3002\u9f99\u4e91\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4fe1\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff1a\u8fd9\u6b21\u7ea2\u519b\u957f\u5f81\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5317\u4e0a\u6297\u65e5\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u8def\u8fc7\u4e91\u5357\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u610f\u6765\u5230\u6606\u660e\uff0c\u53eb\u6211\u5c3d\u7ba1\u653e\u5fc3\uff1b\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u7684\u519b\u961f\u4e0d\u8981\u622a\u5835\u6253\u6218\uff0c\u8ba9\u7ea2\u519b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u5dde\u53bf\u6e21\u8fc7\u6c5f\u53bb\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u62d6\u4f4f\u848b\u519b\u7684\u540e\u817f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8ba9\u4ed6\u5c3e\u8ffd\u7ea2\u519b\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u770b\u6b64\u4fe1\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u653e\u5fc3\u548c\u9ad8\u5174\u201d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7167\u529e\u201d\u3002[20]\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u9f99\u4e91\u5411\u5b59\u6e21\u9762\u6388\u673a\u5b9c\uff0c\u201c\u6b64\u6b21\u51fa\u5f81\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u8981\u50bb\uff0c\u4e0d\u6d88\u548c\u7ea2\u519b\u786c\u5e72\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u727a\u7272\u4e9b\u90e8\u961f\u5212\u4e0d\u7740\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u5c3e\u8ffd\u5230\u4e91\u5357\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e2d\u8ba1\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u8981\u5c3e\u8ffd\u7ea2\u519b\uff0c\u628a\u5ba2\u4eba\u9001\u8fc7\u91d1\u6c99\u6c5f\u53bb\u5c31\u7b97\u4e86\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u83ab\u8ba9\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u6765\u6606\u660e\u201d\u3002[21]<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e8c\u662f\u9f99\u4e91\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9ad8\u5c42\u5468\u6069\u6765\u3001\u6731\u5fb7\u548c\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u4e8e1937\u5e74\u6709\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u5c31\u6297\u6218\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u534f\u5546\u5728\u6606\u660e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u7535\u53f0\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u674e\u7fa4\u6770\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c1937\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u9f99\u4e91\u79bb\u6ec7\u51fa\u5e2d\u6700\u9ad8\u56fd\u9632\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u4e2d\u5171\u4ee3\u8868\u5468\u6069\u6765\u3001\u6731\u5fb7\u3001\u53f6\u5251\u82f1\u7b49\u4e0e\u9f99\u4e91\u540c\u673a\u7531\u897f\u5b89\u62b5\u8fbe\u5357\u4eac\u3002\u201d[22]\u5173\u4e8e\u6b64\u4e8b\uff0c\u9f99\u4e91\u5fc6\u8ff0\uff1a\u201c\u5468\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u89c1\u9762\uff0c\u6731\u548c\u53f6\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u7684\u5148\u540e\u540c\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u201c\u4e00\u89c1\u5982\u6545\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u4eb2\u70ed\u201d\u3002[23]\u9a6c\u5b50\u534e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u9762\u4f7f\u9f99\u4e91\u201c\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u6709\u4e86\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u548c\u4e2d\u5171\u9ad8\u5c42\u9886\u5bfc\u5f7c\u6b64\u53d6\u5f97\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u201d\u3002[24]\u9f99\u4e91\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5730\u4e0b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

\""\u4e91\u5357\u738b"\u9f99\u4e91\u59bb\u5b50\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6837\u8c8c,\u7709\u773c\u6e29\u5a49,\u88ab\u79f0\u4e91\u5357\u4e00\u53f7\u5927\u7f8e\u4eba!\"<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6297\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u9f99\u4e91\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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1945\u5e7410\u67083\u65e5\u201c\u6606\u660e\u4e8b\u53d8\u201d\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u6d3e\u675c\u807f\u660e\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u903c\u8feb\u9f99\u4e91\u4e0b\u53f0\uff0c10\u67086\u65e5\u9f99\u4e91\u88ab\u8feb\u79bb\u5f00\u6606\u660e\u98de\u5f80\u91cd\u5e86\u3002\u5728\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u9f99\u4e91\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u72b9\u5982\u53bb\u9664\u4e00\u5757\u5fc3\u75c5\u3002[54]10\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u201c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u53ec\u96c6\u4e86\u5f20\u6cbb\u4e2d\u3001\u90b5\u529b\u5b50\u3001\u5f20\u7fa4\u3001\u738b\u4e16\u6770\u5ea7\u8c08\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u60f3\u542c\u542c\u5173\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u9f99\u4e91\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u201d\uff0c\u90b5\u529b\u5b50\u7b54\u9053\uff0c\u9f99\u4e91\u201c\u52a8\u8eab\u90a3\u5929\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u4e91\u5357\u4eba\u4e0d\u987e\u6212\u4e25\uff0c\u5728\u8857\u94fa\u95e8\u53e3\u6216\u7a97\u53e3\u76ee\u9001\u9f99\u4e91\u201d\u3002[55]\u5f53\u65f6\u9f99\u4e91\u7684\u8001\u90e8\u4e0b\u6d41\u4f20\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u62a5\u5341\u6708\u4e09\u53f7\u7684\u4ec7(\u4e00\u4e5d\u56db\u4e94\u5e74\u848b\u8d76\u9f99\u4e91\u4e0b\u53f0\u7684\u4e00\u5929)\u662f\u4e2b\u5934\u517b\u7684\u201d\uff0c[56]\u53ef\u89c1\u6ec7\u4eba\u5bf9\u201c\u6606\u660e\u4e8b\u53d8\u201d\u7684\u6124\u6068\u60c5\u7eea\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9f99\u4e91\u7edf\u6cbb\u768418\u5e74\uff0c\u4e91\u5357\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4ed6\u6240\u63d0\u5021\u7684\u4fdd\u5883\u5b89\u6c11\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5821\u5792\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9f99\u4e91\u8d62\u5f97\u4e91\u5357\u767e\u59d3\u7684\u62e5\u6234\uff0c\u800c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5728\u6297\u6218\u80dc\u5229\u540e\u7a81\u7136\u6b66\u529b\u903c\u8feb\u9f99\u4e91\u4e0b\u53f0\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3e\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u5f97\u4eba\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6606\u660e\u4e8b\u53d8\u201d\u540e\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u62b5\u6e1d\u7684\u9f99\u4e91\u60f3\u65b9\u8bbe\u6cd5\u6446\u8131\u88ab\u8f6f\u7981\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u79d8\u5bc6\u63a5\u89e6\u3002\u9f99\u4e91\u5bf9\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u660e\u786e\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u672a\u514d\u8fc7\u5206\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u519b\u53c2\u9662\u9662\u957f\u804c\uff0c\u8bf7\u53e6\u59d4\u8d24\u80fd\u62c5\u4efb\u201d\u3002[57]\u968f\u519b\u4e8b\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u8fc1\u56de\u5357\u4eac\u540e\uff0c\u9f99\u4e91\u53c8\u88ab\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4efb\u547d\u4e3a\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u201c\u6218\u7565\u987e\u95ee\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002[58]\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5c61\u6b21\u8981\u9f99\u4e91\u62df\u51fa\u201c\u527f\u5171\u201d\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u201c\u9f99\u4e91\u4ee5\u62d6\u5ef6\u6765\u5bf9\u6297\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5bf9\u9f99\u4e91\u7684\u7591\u8651\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u201d\u3002[59]<\/p>\n

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\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9f99\u4e91\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u9ad8\u5c42\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u4e5f\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u30021946\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u5468\u6069\u6765\u56de\u5ef6\u5b89\u524d\u5915\u4eb2\u81ea\u5411\u9f99\u4e91\u8f9e\u884c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bb2\uff0c\u201c\u9f99\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u662f\u77e5\u6069\u62a5\u6069\u7684\u3002\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u673a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u6b22\u8fce\u4f60\u5230\u89e3\u653e\u533a\u6765\uff01\u201d\u9f99\u4e91\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u201c\u53bb\u89e3\u653e\u533a\u662f\u6211\u5f88\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u4e8b\u201d\u3002[61]\u5468\u6069\u6765\u4e0e\u9f99\u4e91\u89c1\u9762\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u88ab\u7279\u52a1\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u653e\u677e\u8b66\u60d5\uff0c\u9f99\u4e91\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u8bb0\u8005\u4e13\u8bbf\u65f6\uff0c\u7279\u610f\u63d0\u53ca\u6b64\u4e8b\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u5468\u6069\u6765\u5148\u751f\u4e5f\u66fe\u6765\u7ea6\u89c1\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f46\u6015\u60f9\u8d77\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u800c\u672a\u89c1\u201d\u3002[62]<\/p>\n

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\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u9f99\u4e91\u652f\u6301\u5f20\u51b2\u201c\u6295\u5171\u53cd\u848b\u201d\u3002\u9f99\u4e91\u7ed9\u5230\u5357\u4eac\u53c2\u52a0\u201c\u56fd\u5927\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7acb\u59d4\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u5f20\u51b2\u8bbe\u5bb6\u5bb4\uff0c\u5168\u529b\u652f\u6301\u5f20\u51b2\u8ba1\u5212\u6295\u5954\u5ef6\u5b89\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u9a6c\u5b50\u534e\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u9f99\u53eb\u5f20\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u5411\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u8bf4\u660e\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u793a\u5f20\u51b2\u4eb2\u81ea\u5230\u4e1c\u5317\u7b56\u52a8\u6ec7\u519b\u8d77\u4e49\u201d\u3002[66]1947\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u5f20\u51b2\u5230\u8fbe\u89e3\u653e\u533a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u516c\u5e03\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u201c\u540c\u65f6\u5f20\u51b2\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5230\u4e1c\u5317\u6253\u5185\u6218\u7684\u6ec7\u519b\u505a\u4e86\u5e7f\u64ad\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5927\u4e3a\u9707\u6012\uff0c\u56e0\u5f20\u51b2\u662f\u9f99\u4e91\u8001\u90e8\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u9f99\u4e91\u66f4\u52a0\u63d0\u9632\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u9f99\u4e91\u66f4\u52a0\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5904\u5883\u9669\u6076\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u60f3\u6cd5\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u906d\u5230\u848b\u7684\u6bd2\u624b\u201d\u3002[67]\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7b56\u53cd\u65e7\u90e8\u5c06\u9886\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u9f99\u4e91\u5df2\u4e0e\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5f7b\u5e95\u51b3\u88c2\uff0c\u5728\u5185\u5fc3\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u4e0a\u201c\u62e5\u5171\u53cd\u848b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5916\u754c\u90fd\u5728\u63e3\u6d4b\u9f99\u4e91\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8d70\u5411\uff0c\u9f99\u4e91\u611f\u89c9\u9700\u8981\u5411\u5916\u754c\u660e\u786e\u8868\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7acb\u573a\u30021949\u5e744\u670811\u65e5\u4ed6\u53ec\u5f00\u8bb0\u8005\u4f1a\uff0c\u516c\u5f00\u4e86\u4ed6\u81f4\u674e\u5b97\u4ec1\u548c\u4f55\u5e94\u94a6\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\uff0c\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u987b\u5144\u7b49\u6bc5\u7136\u51b3\u7136\u52c7\u6562\u63a5\u53d7\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6240\u63d0\u516b\u9879\u539f\u5219\u201d\u3002[77]\u5f53\u65f6\u9500\u5f80\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u5e7f\u5dde\u62a5\u520a\u300a\u65f6\u4e8b\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\u4ee5\u5927\u5b57\u6807\u9898\u5199\u9053\u300a\u9f99\u4e91\u5012\u848b\u4eb2\u5171\u300b\u3002[78]<\/p>\n

1949\u5e748\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u9f99\u4e91\u4e0e\u9ec4\u7ecd\u7ad1\u3001\u5218\u6590\u7b4944\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u7b7e\u7f72\u8054\u5408\u5ba3\u8a00\u300a\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0e\u4e3b\u5f20\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e\u6b21\u65e5\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u300a\u5927\u516c\u62a5\u300b\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u5ba3\u8a00\u58f0\u660e\uff1a\u62e5\u62a4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u6240\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u65b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u3002[79]\u65f6\u4efb\u56fd\u6c11\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5e38\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u3001\u674e\u5b97\u4ec1\u7684\u673a\u8981\u79d8\u4e66\u7a0b\u601d\u8fdc\u5c31\u6b64\u4e8b\u8bc4\u8bba\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u5fc3\u5411\u80cc\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u662d\u7136\u82e5\u63ed\u4e86\u201d\u3002[80]\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u9f99\u4e91\u5f7b\u5e95\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u9769\u547d\u5316\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8ffd\u968f\u65b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n

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