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1945\u5e7410\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u4e3e\u884c\u516c\u6c11\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u670990%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u8d5e\u6210\u72ec\u7acb\u3002[8]\u4f46\u6b64\u6b21\u5168\u6c11\u516c\u6295\u5e76\u975e\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5168\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u516c\u51b3\uff0c\u636e\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6863\u6848\u9986\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u6295\u7968\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u5e74\u9f84\u572818\uff5e45\u5c81\u7684\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9009\u7968\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u65e0\u8bb0\u540d\uff0c\u9700\u6309\u8981\u6c42\u586b\u5199\u6295\u7968\u4eba\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u6027\u522b\u3001\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u4f4f\u5740\u7b49\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u6295\u53cd\u5bf9\u7968\u3002[9]\u6240\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5ba3\u5e03\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u7ed9\u4e88\u5916\u4ea4\u627f\u8ba4\u3002[10]<\/p>\n

1946\u5e741\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u53d1\u8868\u516c\u544a\u6b63\u5f0f\u627f\u8ba4\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u72ec\u7acb\u3002[11]\u968f\u4e4b\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5185\u90e8\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e3b\u5f20\u627f\u8ba4\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u30021946\u5e741\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u526f\u79d1\u957f\u8d56\u65af(Rice)\u7ed9\u79d1\u957f\u5e84\u83b1\u5fb7(Drumright)\u7684\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u4e2d\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u8d1f\u8d23\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u9274\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5df2\u5bf9\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u72ec\u7acb\u4e88\u4ee5\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e5f\u5e94\u7ed9\u4e88\u627f\u8ba4\u3002\u201d[12] 1949\u5e74\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u60c5\u62a5\u673a\u6784\u5bf9\u5185\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8d70\u5411\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e86\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u5185\u8499\u53e4\u72ec\u7acb\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u653f\u6cbb\u519b\u4e8b\u72b6\u51b5\u3001\u82cf\u8054\u5728\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u519b\u4e8b\u5f71\u54cd\u7b49\u3002[13]\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u56fd\u9645\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u65b0\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u4e8e1953\u5e742\u670825\u65e5\u5ba3\u5e03\u5e9f\u96641945\u5e74\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u82cf\u53cb\u597d\u540c\u76df\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u636e\u6b64\u4e0d\u518d\u627f\u8ba4\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u72ec\u7acb\u3002[14]\u9762\u5bf9\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u91cd\u65b0\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u201d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u8868\u5b98\u65b9\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u827e\u68ee\u8c6a\u5a01\u5c14\u653f\u5e9c\u65f6\u671f\u66fe\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u5730\u9f13\u52b1\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bb0\u8005\u3001\u5b66\u8005\u5230\u8499\u53e4\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u8457\u540d\u8bb0\u8005\u54c8\u91cc\u68ee\u00b7\u7d22\u5c14\u5179\u4f2f\u91cc(Harrison Salisbury)\u5c31\u66fe\u4e8e1959\u5e74\u30011961\u5e74\u4e24\u6b21\u8fdb\u5165\u8499\u53e4\u8003\u5bdf\u3002[15]1960\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u66fe\u5f97\u5230\u6388\u6743\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u5b98\u5458\u4ea4\u5f80\u3002\u540c\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u51fa\u53f0\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8ff0\u8bc4\u201d\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u8499\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u524d\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u8499\u53e4\u653f\u7b56\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u53ca\u5f53\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5185\u90e8\u5bf9\u8499\u53e4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u82cf\u8054\u9996\u5148\u516c\u7136\u541e\u5e76\u4e86\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u5510\u52aa\u56fe\u74e6\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u533a\u57281921\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u51c6\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u7ee7\u4e4b\u82cf\u8054\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u65bd\u538b\u8feb\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u627f\u8ba4\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u65e0\u529b\u4fdd\u6709\u5510\u52aa\u56fe\u74e6\uff0c\u4f46\u8d77\u521d\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u72ec\u7acb\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u62b5\u5236\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u201d\u6587\u4ef6\u627f\u8ba4\uff1a\u201c\u4e8c\u6218\u671f\u95f4\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6025\u4e8e\u5f15\u8bf1\u82cf\u8054\u53c2\u52a0\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u82cf\u8054\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u8981\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u540c\u610f\u4fdd\u6301\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u73b0\u72b6\u2014\u2014\u5373\u627f\u8ba4\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u201d\u6587\u4ef6\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u7acb\u573a\u662f\uff1a\u5b83\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u662f\u82cf\u8054\u7684\u5080\u5121\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u5176\u52a0\u5165\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u4efb\u4f55\u516c\u5171\u53ca\u79c1\u7acb\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u201d\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd8\u9610\u660e\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u89c6\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53f0\u6e7e\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6b63\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u5bf9\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u5ba3\u5e03\u5e9f\u96641945\u5e74\u4e2d\u82cf\u6761\u7ea6\u4e0d\u4e88\u7f6e\u8bc4\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u5efa\u7acb\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u8868\u8ff0\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0e\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u5efa\u7acb\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd7\u90bb\u654f\u611f\u5730\u533a\u7684\u76d1\u542c\u7ad9\uff0c\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5730\u533a\u6b63\u5728\u8e81\u52a8\u7740\u53cd\u6297\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u70ed\u6f6e\uff0c\u4e0d\u96be\u60f3\u8c61\u7531\u6b64\u5c06\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u7c7b\u63a8\u8fdb\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u6216\u79d8\u5bc6\u884c\u52a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u627e\u5230\u9f13\u52b1\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u5206\u5b50\u524a\u5f31\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u6311\u8d77\u4e2d\u82cf\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8106\u5f31\u5730\u533a\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u3002\u201d[16]\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd8\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u8499\u53e4\u5f62\u52bf\u53d1\u5c55\u5bf9\u4e2d\u82cf\u8fb9\u5883\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u7f8e\u8499\u5efa\u4ea4\u7684\u5229\u5f0a\u5f97\u5931\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u76f4\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u6267\u653f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ecd\u7136\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u5efa\u4ea4\u5f0a\u5927\u4e8e\u5229\uff0c\u5c1a\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u4ea7\u751f\u6253\u5f00\u8499\u53e4\u5916\u4ea4\u5927\u95e8\u3001\u5229\u7528\u8499\u53e4\u5f62\u52bf(\u5982\u51fa\u73b0\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u503e\u5411\u7b49)\u5bf9\u4e2d\u82cf\u8fb9\u5883\u5b89\u5168\u751a\u81f3\u4e2d\u82cf\u5173\u7cfb\u65bd\u52a0\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6218\u7565\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5df2\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u5efa\u4ea4\u5c06\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5230\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u65f6\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba4\u771f\u8003\u8651\u7f8e\u8499\u5efa\u4ea4\u95ee\u9898\u3002[17]<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u542f\u52a8\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u5efa\u4ea4<\/strong><\/p>\n

1961\u5e741\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u5c31\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u30022\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5448\u7ed9\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u653f\u7b56\u201d\u6587\u4ef6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u627f\u8ba4\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u540e\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e0d\u5229\u4e4b\u5904\u8981\u5927\u4e8e\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u597d\u5904\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u7ee7\u7eed\u53cd\u5bf9\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u52a0\u5165\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6700\u7b26\u5408\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u201d[18]\u8fd9\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u5efa\u4ea4\u5f0a\u5927\u4e8e\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u814a\u65af\u514b\u8868\u793a\u5728\u7ed9\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u51fa\u653f\u7b56\u5efa\u8bae\u4e4b\u524d\u5c06\u5bf9\u5f62\u52bf\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002[19]<\/p>\n

\u5728\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4f30\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u8499\u53e4\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u53d1\u51fa\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u5efa\u4ea4\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u30025\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u534e\u76db\u987f\u90ae\u62a5\u300b\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u5e03\u70ed\u6d25\u65af\u57fa(Zbigniew Brezezinski)\u5728\u5c31\u4efb\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u987e\u95ee\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\uff1a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u627f\u8ba4\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u9635\u8425\u5185\u90e8\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u751f\u957f\u3002\u201d\u201c\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u5c06\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u4e2d\u4e9a\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\u5730\u5e26\u591a\u4e00\u4e2a\u76d1\u542c\u7ad9\u3002\u201d[20] 5\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u4e00\u4efd\u4e3b\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0e\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5efa\u7acb\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8bc4\u4f30\u6587\u4ef6\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u4e0e\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u8fbe\u6210\u534f\u8bae\u3001\u5728\u4e4c\u5170\u5df4\u6258\u8bbe\u7acb\u4f7f\u9986\u5e76\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e0e\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5efa\u4ea4\u7b26\u5408\u7f8e\u56fd\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u201d[21]\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5df2\u6539\u53d8\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u5efa\u4ea4\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u30025\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u814a\u65af\u514b\u5c06\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5bf9\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u8bc4\u4f30\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u5448\u4ea4\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u7279\u522b\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4e4c\u5170\u5df4\u6258\u4f7f\u9986\u7684\u60c5\u62a5\u4ef7\u503c\uff1a\u201c\u4e4c\u5170\u5df4\u6258\u5c06\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u6709\u7528\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u4ece\u90a3\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u82cf\u8054\u4e0e\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u6b67\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u548c\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u201d\u814a\u65af\u514b\u5411\u603b\u7edf\u6c47\u62a5\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u4e0e\u540c\u76df\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u78cb\u5546\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u6301\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u540c\u610f\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0a\u627f\u8ba4\u5916\u8499\u53e4\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5c31\u8bbe\u7acb\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f7f\u9986\u4e0e\u5bf9\u65b9\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u5efa\u8bae\u6388\u6743(\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u82cf\u4f7f\u9986)\u6c64\u666e\u68ee(Thompson)\u5927\u4f7f\u5728\u4e0e\u540c\u76df\u56fd\u6c9f\u901a\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u544a\u77e5\u82cf\u8054\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8be5\u65b9\u6848\u544a\u77e5\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u9a7b\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5927\u4f7f\u3002\u201d[22]\u8fd9\u662f\u81ea\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5ba3\u5e03\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u8499\u53e4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

5\u670829\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u63a5\u5230\u767d\u5bab\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u540c\u610f\u901a\u8fc7\u9a7b\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5927\u4f7f\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\u542f\u52a8\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u5efa\u4ea4\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5411\u82cf\u8054\u901a\u544a\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002[23]\u4e8e\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u6388\u6743\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u544a\u77e5\u8499\u53e4\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u51c6\u5907\u4e0e\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5efa\u7acb\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u8bbe\u7acb\u5916\u4ea4\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u52a0\u5165\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u3002[24]\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u814a\u65af\u514b\u7ed9\u9a7b\u82cf\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u53d1\u7535\u660e\u786e\u6307\u793a\u4f7f\u9986\u4e0e\u9a7b\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u8499\u53e4\u5927\u4f7f\u63a5\u6d3d\u5546\u8c08\u8499\u7f8e\u5efa\u4ea4\u4e8b\u5b9c\u3002[25]<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u5230\u534e\u76db\u987f\u6307\u793a\u540e\uff0c\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\u5f88\u5feb\u4e0e\u82cf\u8054\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u3001\u8499\u53e4\u9a7b\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u53d6\u5f97\u8054\u7cfb\u30025\u670831\u65e5\uff0c\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\u7ed9\u814a\u65af\u514b\u56de\u7535\u62a5\u544a\uff1a\u201c\u5df2\u901a\u77e5\u82cf\u65b9\u7f8e\u56fd\u62df\u4e0e\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5c31\u5efa\u7acb\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u63a5\u89e6\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u82cf\u65b9\u56de\u590d\u8bf4\u613f\u610f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u544a\u77e5\uff1a\u201c\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5927\u4f7f\u5f53\u5929\u5df2\u79bb\u5f00\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u201d\uff0c\u6545\u201c\u4f7f\u9986\u51b3\u5b9a\u6b21\u65e5\u7ea6\u89c1\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u9a7b\u82cf\u4e34\u65f6\u4ee3\u529e\u201d\u3002[26]<\/p>\n

1961\u5e746\u67083\u20144\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u82cf\u9996\u8111\u5728\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u4f1a\u6664\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5927\u4f7f\u524d\u5f80\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\uff0c\u6545\u7531\u9a7b\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u4f7f\u9986\u4e34\u65f6\u4ee3\u529e\u5f17\u91cc\u5c14\u65af(Freers)\u63a5\u7eed\u8fd9\u4e00\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5f17\u91cc\u5c14\u65af\u4e8e6\u67082\u65e5\u81f4\u7535\u814a\u65af\u514b\uff0c\u6c47\u62a5\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u5927\u4f7f\u4f1a\u6664\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u201c\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u6b22\u8fce\u4efb\u4f55\u653f\u5e9c\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u5e73\u7b49\u53ca\u9075\u5b88\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5baa\u7ae0\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5efa\u7acb\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u201d[27] 6\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u4f7f\u9986\u518d\u6b21\u5411\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u62a5\u544a\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a\u201c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u5728\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u51c6\u5219\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u201d\u201c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u51c6\u5907\u5c31\u5efa\u4ea4\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u4e92\u6d3e\u5916\u4ea4\u4ee3\u8868\u4e8b\u5b9c\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8fdb\u884c\u8c08\u5224\u201d\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u5927\u4f7f\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u81ea1921\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u671f\u76fc\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u201d[28]<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u6e20\u9053\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u4ee3\u8868\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u4e0e\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u4f7f\u9986\u5f80\u6765\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd(MPR)\u201d\u800c\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u79f0\u547c\u3002[29]\u8fd9\u4e00\u79f0\u547c\u4e0a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5bd3\u610f\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u5c06\u8499\u53e4\u770b\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u5efa\u7acb\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u82cf\u8054\u53ca\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u662f\u7f8e\u82cf\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7f13\u548c\u53ca\u82cf\u8054\u56fd\u5185\u653f\u6cbb\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\u5b9e\u884c\u4e86\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7f13\u548c\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5927\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u82cf\u8054\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u5141\u8bb8\u8499\u53e4\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u63a5\u89e6\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u82cf\u5171\u4e8c\u5341\u5927\u540e\u82cf\u4e2d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u5df2\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u60c5\u62a5\u90e8\u95e8\u6240\u6d1e\u6089\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u7a7a\u9699\u52a0\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u3002[30]\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u82cf\u8054\u653f\u5e9c\u9f13\u52b1\u8499\u53e4\u878d\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u652f\u6301\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u5efa\u4ea4\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u82cf\u8054\u60f3\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u79bb\u8499\u53e4\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u8499\u53e4\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u56fd\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u904f\u5236\u4e2d\u56fd\u610f\u6b32\u6536\u590d\u5df2\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002[31]<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u53cd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u8499\u5efa\u4ea4\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u59a5\u534f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u542f\u52a8\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u5efa\u4ea4\u906d\u9047\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u628a\u7f8e\u56fd\u627f\u8ba4\u8499\u53e4\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5165\u8054\u7684\u5e8f\u66f2\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ed9\u4e88\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5916\u4ea4\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5168\u7403\u53cd\u5171\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u9000\u602f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u2018\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u2019\u5b89\u6392\u94fa\u8def\u201d\u3002[32]\u4ece\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6b64\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u884c\u4f7f\u5426\u51b3\u6743\u4fbf\u65e0\u6cd5\u5411\u53f0\u6e7e\u4eba\u6c11\u4ea4\u4ee3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4e2a\u4eba\u58f0\u671b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c89\u91cd\u6253\u51fb\u3002[33]6\u67085\u65e5\u4e0b\u5348\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6240\u8c13\u9a7b\u53f0\u5317\u201c\u5927\u4f7f\u201d\u5e84\u83b1\u5fb7\u81f4\u7535\u814a\u65af\u514b\uff0c\u53d1\u56de\u53f0\u6e7e\u65b9\u9762\u5173\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u610f\u6b32\u91c7\u53d6\u4e0e\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5080\u5121\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u653f\u6743\u5efa\u4ea4\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u4e0d\u660e\u667a\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u4e16\u754c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u826f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u2026\u2026\u53f0\u6e7e\u65b9\u9762\u7edd\u65e0\u53ef\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u672a\u6765\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u8981\u5728\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u6536\u56de\u5927\u9646\u540e\u52a0\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u2014\u2014\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u5e76\u975e\u9884\u793a\u7740\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u2014\u2014\u8868\u793a\u611f\u8c22\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u7b7e\u7f72\u4efb\u4f55\u5efa\u4ea4\u534f\u5b9a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e3a\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u884c\u52a8\u90fd\u65e0\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u4f24\u5bb3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u94ed\u8bb0\u7740\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u63d0\u4ea4\u5165\u8054\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c06\u5728\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u6295\u5f03\u6743\u7968\uff0c\u5e76\u6e38\u8bf4\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u91c7\u53d6\u540c\u6837\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u963b\u6b62\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u83b7\u5f97\u5165\u8054\u5fc5\u9700\u76847\u7968\u3002[34]<\/p>\n

\u5e84\u83b1\u5fb7\u4e5f\u53cd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u5efa\u4ea4\uff0c\u4ed6\u968f\u540e\u53d1\u7ed9\u814a\u65af\u514b\u7684\u7535\u62a5\u79f0\uff1a\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u6000\u7591\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u5426\u660e\u667a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u8c0b\u7565\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u52a8\u975e\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u5206\u5316\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u654c\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c06\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u53cd\u5171\u8054\u76df\u9635\u8425\u4e2d\u5236\u9020\u5206\u88c2\u548c\u6000\u7591\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0e\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5efa\u4ea4\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e9a\u6d32\u53cd\u5171\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c06\u4f1a\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u52a8\u770b\u6210\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u627f\u8ba4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u548c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u4e9a\u6d32\u4e4b\u884c\u6240\u53d1\u8868\u58f0\u660e\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6709\u5229\u5f71\u54cd\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u62b5\u6d88\u3002[35]<\/p>\n

6\u67089\u65e5\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u7531\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u7ed9\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u5199\u4fe1\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u8499\u5efa\u4ea4\u8868\u793a\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u7f8e\u56fd\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u540c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u6597\u4e89\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5c06\u88ab\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e3a\u201c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u94fa\u8def\u3002[36]\u4e8c\u662f\u7531\u5bf9\u5916\u8054\u7edc\u90e8\u95e8\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u5411\u5a92\u4f53\u53d1\u8868\u58f0\u660e\u9610\u91ca\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b64\u4e3e\u201c\u5f92\u5c06\u52a9\u957f\u4fb5\u7565\u8005\u4e4b\u6c14\u7130\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u4e9a\u6d32\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u53cd\u5171\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u653f\u7b56\u53d1\u751f\u6000\u7591\u3002\u201d\u201c\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e3a\u975e\u72ec\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e14\u66f4\u4e3a\u82cf\u4fc4\u4ece\u4e8b\u5bf9\u5916\u4fb5\u7565\u4e4b\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u201d[37]<\/p>\n

6\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u5e84\u83b1\u5fb7\u7ed9\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u814a\u65af\u514b\u53d1\u7535\u62a5\u5efa\u8bae\u62d6\u5ef6\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u5efa\u4ea4\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002[38]\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u653f\u5e9c\u6001\u5ea6\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u30027 \u670814\u65e5\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u81f4\u4fe1\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7f8e\u56fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u5728\u4e2d\u82cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u6d3e\u9a7b\u5916\u4ea4\u4ee3\u8868\u5728\u6218\u7565\u4e0a\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u8003\u8651\u5230\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6682\u7f13\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u5efa\u4ea4\u201d\u3002[39] 7\u6708\u5e95\u7f8e\u56fd\u6682\u884c\u6401\u7f6e\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u5efa\u4ea4\u4e8b\u5b9c\u3002[40]8\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u544a\u77e5\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\u526f\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9648\u8bda\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u548c\u67cf\u6797\u5f62\u52bf\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u627f\u8ba4\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u6b63\u5728\u7b51\u8d77\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b64\u65f6\u627f\u8ba4\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u4e0d\u5408\u65f6\u5b9c\u3002\u201d[41]\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u814a\u65af\u514b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u53d1\u751f\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u65f6\u4e9a\u6d32\u51fa\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u64a4\u9000\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002[42]8\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u6797\u80af\u00b7\u6000\u7279(Lincoln White)\u5ba3\u5e03\uff1a\u201c\u9274\u4e8e\u4e1a\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5f62\u52bf\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u6682\u505c\u4e0e\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u5efa\u4ea4\u884c\u52a8\u6700\u7b26\u5408\u7f8e\u56fd\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u201d\u6000\u7279\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u7531\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u76f4\u63a5\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u3002[43]8\u670815\u65e5\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u7ed9\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5199\u4fe1\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u8003\u8651\u5230\u53f0\u6e7e\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e86\u4e0e\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5efa\u4ea4\u8c08\u5224\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8d35\u65b9\u4e0d\u5bf9\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054\u7533\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u5426\u51b3\u6743\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u51c6\u5907\u65e0\u9650\u671f\u63a8\u8fdf\u4e0e\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u5efa\u4ea4\u8c08\u5224\u3002[44]\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u591a\u65b9\u53cd\u5e94\u53ca\u8bf8\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u51b3\u5b9a\u6401\u7f6e\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u5efa\u4ea4\u4e8b\u5b9c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u5229\u7528\u4e2d\u60c5\u5c40\u79d8\u5bc6\u901a\u9053\u529d\u963b\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5426\u51b3\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u51b7\u6218\u5f00\u59cb\u540e\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u9635\u8425\u7684\u89d2\u529b\u573a\uff0c\u81ea1950\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5438\u6536\u65b0\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u62d2\u7edd\u8ba9\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u52a0\u5165\u8054\u5408\u56fd\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u5219\u963b\u6b62\u4efb\u4f55\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u52a0\u5165\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6253\u7834\u6b64\u50f5\u5c40\uff0c1955\u5e74\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8054\u5408\u5176\u4ed627\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u4e00\u63fd\u5b50\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8ba918\u4e2a\u63d0\u51fa\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e00\u8d77\u52a0\u5165\u8054\u5408\u56fd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u670913\u4e2a\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c5\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6(\u5305\u62ec4\u4e2a\u4e1c\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd)\u3002\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5927\u4f1a\u6295\u7968\u65f6\u4ee552\u7968\u7684\u538b\u5012\u591a\u6570\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u987e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u538b\u529b\u884c\u4f7f\u5426\u51b3\u6743\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u52a0\u5165\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u57281955\u5e74\u4ee5\u5931\u8d25\u544a\u7ec8\u3002<\/p>\n

1961\u5e741\u6708\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u5165\u4e3b\u767d\u5bab\u540e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f00\u59cb\u8003\u8651\u7f8e\u8499\u5efa\u4ea4\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5229\u76ca\u5f71\u54cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6709\u53f0\u6e7e\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u5916\u8499\u724c\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5904\u7406\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u65b0\u6210\u5458\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002[45]1961\u5e742\u6708\u767d\u5bab\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u7ee7\u7eed\u53cd\u5bf9\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u201d\uff0c[46]\u4f46\u5f62\u52bf\u5f88\u5feb\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c4\u6708\u82cf\u8054\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5e2d\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u5e03\u62c9\u67f4\u7ef4\u5c14\u96c6\u56e2(Brazzaville Group)[47]\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e00\u9053\u540c\u82cf\u8054\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u5171\u8bc6\uff1a\u5c06\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054\u4e0e\u6bdb\u91cc\u5854\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5165\u8054\u6346\u7ed1\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4fc3\u52a8\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u540c\u65f6\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e24\u56fd\u5165\u8054\u3002[48]\u7f8e\u56fd\u7531\u6b64\u9677\u5165\u4e24\u96be\u5883\u5730\uff1a\u5018\u82e5\u8499\u53e4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5165\u8054\uff0c\u5219\u82cf\u8054\u5c06\u6295\u7968\u5426\u51b3\u6bdb\u91cc\u5854\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5165\u8054\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6bdb\u91cc\u5854\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5165\u8054\uff0c\u5219\u6cd5\u5c5e\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6d89\u7f8e\u91cd\u5927\u5229\u76ca\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u6297\uff0c\u800c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u5219\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054\u30026\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u5e84\u83b1\u5fb7\u81f4\u7535\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\uff1a\u53f0\u6e7e\u65b9\u9762\u5e0c\u671b\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4fe1\u5b88\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u6295\u5f03\u6743\u7968\uff0c\u5e76\u529d\u8bf4\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u6295\u5f03\u6743\u7968\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u4e0d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u5fc5\u9700\u76847\u7968\u3002\u53f0\u6e7e\u65b9\u9762\u5c06\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u5207\u63aa\u65bd\u963b\u6b62\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054\u3002[49]6\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u7ea6\u65af\u7279(Yost)\u5411\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u6240\u8c13\u9a7b\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u201c\u5927\u4f7f\u201d\u848b\u5ef7\u9efb\u901a\u62a5\u4e86\u8499\u7f57\u7ef4\u4e9a\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u5e03\u62c9\u67f4\u7ef4\u5c14\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u53f0\u6e7e\u65b9\u9762\u5426\u51b3\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u5165\u8054\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u6295\u7968\u53cd\u5bf9\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u3002[50]\u7f8e\u56fd\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u8fdb\u5165\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5e38\u4efb\u7406\u4e8b\u56fd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u58f0\u8a89\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u906d\u5230\u524a\u5f31\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u4fdd\u6301\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5e2d\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4e0e\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u5e76\u65e0\u4e8c\u81f4\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u627f\u8ba4\u8499\u53e4\u653f\u6743\u53ca\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u53cc\u65b9\u4ecd\u5b58\u6709\u6b67\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u529d\u8bf4\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u653e\u5f03\u4f7f\u7528\u5426\u51b3\u6743\u963b\u6b62\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054\uff0c7\u670814\u65e5\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u81f4\u4fe1\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\uff0c\u8bf7\u4ed6\u6d3e\u4e00\u540d\u5168\u6743\u4ee3\u8868\u6765\u534e\u76db\u987f\u4ea4\u6362\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e0e\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u5efa\u4ea4\u884c\u52a8\u3002[51]\u7f8e\u56fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8499\u53e4\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u5165\u8054\uff0c\u540e\u679c\u5c06\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u6cd5\u5c5e\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u591a\u6b21\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u91cd\u7533\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6bdb\u91cc\u5854\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5165\u8054\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u5c4a\u8054\u5927\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u5728\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u62a5\u590d\u3002[52]<\/p>\n

7\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u767d\u5bab\u5c31\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054\u95ee\u9898\u53ec\u5f00\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u6709\u603b\u7edf\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u3001\u56fd\u52a1\u537f\u814a\u65af\u514b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e84\u83b1\u5fb7\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u52a1\u7279\u522b\u52a9\u7406\u90a6\u8fea\u7b49\u3002\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u6001\u5ea6\u660e\u786e\uff1a\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u4e0d\u80fd\u6295\u5426\u51b3\u7968\u3002\u814a\u65af\u514b\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6bdb\u91cc\u5854\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5165\u8054\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6fc0\u6012\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u6709\u5927\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u201d [53]<\/p>\n

8\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u53d1\u8868\u58f0\u660e\u4e2d\u6b62\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u5efa\u4ea4\u8c08\u5224\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u529d\u8bf4\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u6bdb\u91cc\u5854\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5165\u8054\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5bf9\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054\u6295\u5426\u51b3\u7968\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u540c\u65f6\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u884c\u4f7f\u5426\u51b3\u6743\u6216\u8005\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u6295\u5f03\u6743\u7968\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5728\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u6240\u9700\u76847\u7968\u3002[54]15\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7ed9\u767d\u5bab\u7684\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u8bf4\uff1a\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u6295\u5426\u51b3\u7968\uff0c\u6291\u6216\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u6295\u5f03\u6743\u7968\u5bfc\u81f4\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5165\u8054\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7531\u6b64\u81f4\u82cf\u8054\u5426\u51b3\u6bdb\u91cc\u5854\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5165\u8054\uff0c\u5219\u6cd5\u5c5e\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u4f1a\u5982\u4ece\u524d\u6240\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c4a\u8054\u5927\u5bf9\u6d89\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u91c7\u53d6\u62a5\u590d\u884c\u52a8\u3002[55]\u540c\u65e5\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u81f4\u51fd\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5176\u540c\u610f\u653e\u5f03\u4f7f\u7528\u5426\u51b3\u6743\u3002[56]\u90a6\u8fea\u4e5f\u51fa\u9762\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba4\u771f\u8003\u8651\u7f8e\u56fd\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e0d\u5f97\u5426\u51b3\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054\u7684\u5fe0\u544a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u613f\u610f\u5c3d\u529b\u4e89\u53d6\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u652f\u6301\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u5173\u4e8e\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5e2d\u4f4d\u7684\u6295\u7968\u3002[57]\u4f46\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4ecd\u575a\u79f0\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5426\u51b3\u6743\u963b\u6b62\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054\u3002\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u66fe\u529b\u56fe\u529d\u8bf4\u5e03\u62c9\u67f4\u7ef4\u5c14\u96c6\u56e2\u653e\u5f03\u5176\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u56de\u5e94\u3002[58]<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u51659\u6708\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5927\u4f1a\u53ec\u5f00\u5728\u5373\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0e\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u4ecd\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054\u95ee\u9898\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u30029\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u518d\u6b21\u81f4\u51fd\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\uff1a\u201c\u6b64\u4e8b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6781\u7aef\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u6211\u4eec\u4fdd\u7559\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4ee5\u56fe\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u201d[59] 9\u670819 \u65e5\uff0c\u7b2c\u5341\u516d\u5c4a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5927\u4f1a\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f00\u5e55\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bae\u9898\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u53ca\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u572810\u6708\u521d\u9648\u8bda\u7ed3\u675f\u8bbf\u7f8e\u56de\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4ecd\u672a\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u9042\u63a5\u53d7\u90a6\u8fea\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u6487\u5f00\u6b63\u5e38\u201c\u5916\u4ea4\u201d\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u542f\u7528\u4e2d\u592e\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40\u9a7b\u53f0\u5317\u7ad9\u7ad9\u957f\u514b\u83b1\u6069\u8fd9\u4e00\u79d8\u5bc6\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cc\u65b9\u9ad8\u5c42\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u7ba1\u9053\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u540e\u90a6\u8fea\u4e0e\u514b\u83b1\u6069\u4e4b\u95f4\u5373\u4ee5\u201cSmilax\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u4e0e\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u4e4b\u95f4\u6d89\u201c\u5916\u8499\u6848\u201d\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u78cb\u5546\u3002[60]<\/p>\n

10\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u90a6\u8fea\u7ed9\u514b\u83b1\u6069\u7684\u7535\u62a5\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u613f\u610f\u5411\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5143\u5e05\u505a\u79c1\u4e0b\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u963b\u6b62\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u8fdb\u5165\u8054\u5408\u56fd\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c06\u4e0d\u60dc\u4f7f\u7528\u5426\u51b3\u6743\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4f46\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u79c1\u4e0b\u627f\u8bfa\u201d\u3002\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u201c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5bf9\u6b64\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5e84\u83b1\u5fb7\u77e5\u6653(\u6b64\u627f\u8bfa)\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7279\u522b\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u201d\u3002[61]\u514b\u83b1\u6069\u63a5\u5230\u90a6\u8fea\u7535\u62a5\u540e\u4e0e\u848b\u7ecf\u56fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e3a\u671f3\u5929\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u78cb\u5546\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u6240\u8c13\u9a7b\u7f8e\u201c\u5927\u4f7f\u201d\u53f6\u516c\u8d85\u4ea4\u6362\u4e86\u610f\u89c1\uff0c14\u65e5\u7ed9\u90a6\u8fea\u901a\u62a5\u4e86\u53f0\u5317\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6298\u4e2d\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054\u4e0d\u6295\u8d5e\u6210\u7968\uff1b\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u5c06\u5c3d\u5feb\u9002\u65f6\u53d1\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5f00\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u7533\u660e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u76f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5408\u6cd5\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u575a\u51b3\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u8fdb\u5165\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\uff1b\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5916\u4ea4\u201d\u6e20\u9053\u5411\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u505a\u79c1\u4e0b\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u963b\u6b62\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u8fdb\u5165\u8054\u5408\u56fd\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c06\u884c\u4f7f\u5426\u51b3\u6743\uff1b\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5426\u51b3\u6743\u963b\u6b62\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054\u3002\u514b\u83b1\u6069\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u540c\u610f\u6b64\u65b9\u6848\u3002[62]<\/p>\n

10\u670815\u65e5\uff0c\u90a6\u8fea\u5bf9\u65b9\u6848\u7ec6\u8282\u7a0d\u505a\u4fee\u6539\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u51fa\u7ed9\u514b\u83b1\u6069\u4ee3\u7801\u4e3a\u201cSmilax 5\u201d\u7684\u7535\u62a5\uff0c\u4f20\u8fbe\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u540c\u610f\u56de\u590d\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf7\u514b\u83b1\u6069\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002[63]10\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u90a6\u8fea\u901a\u8fc7\u5e84\u83b1\u5fb7\u5411\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u505a\u51fa\u79c1\u4e0b\u627f\u8bfa\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u652f\u6301\u53f0\u6e7e\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7684\u5e38\u4efb\u7406\u4e8b\u56fd\u5730\u4f4d\u3002[64]10\u670821\u65e5\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\u5bf9\u5916\u8054\u7edc\u90e8\u95e8\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u6c88\u660c\u7115\u53d1\u8868\u58f0\u660e\uff1a\u201c\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u505a\u5426\u51b3\u6743\u4e4b\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5e2d\u4f4d\u5c06\u4e43\u6211\u6700\u5927\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8457\u6709\u6210\u6548\u4e4b\u7f13\u8bae\u6848\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u65e2\u5df2\u51b3\u5fc3\u653e\u5f03\uff0c\u6211\u65b9\u53ea\u5f97\u52c9\u5f3a\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u91cd\u8981\u6848\u3002\u201d[65] 24\u65e5\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5730\u533a\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u540c\u610f\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5426\u51b3\u6743\u53cd\u5bf9\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054\u3002[66]<\/p>\n

10 \u670825 \u65e5\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5b89\u7406\u4f1a\u6295\u7968\u4ee59\u7968\u8d5e\u6210\u30010 \u7968\u53cd\u5bf9\u548c1\u7968\u5f03\u6743\u540c\u610f\u8499\u53e4\u8fdb\u5165\u8054\u5408\u56fd\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6295\u4e86\u5f03\u6743\u7968\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u5f53\u5c40\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u52a0\u6295\u7968\u300227\u65e5\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5927\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc71630\u53f7\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u63a5\u7eb3\u8499\u53e4\u52a0\u5165\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u3002[67]\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u4e0e\u6bdb\u91cc\u5854\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c102\u4e2a\u548c103\u4e2a\u4f1a\u5458\u56fd\uff0c[68]\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u6743\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u505a\u51fa\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u5c31\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u8054\u95ee\u9898\u884c\u4f7f\u5426\u51b3\u6743\u3002\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u5728\u5176\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\u65e0\u5948\u559f\u53f9\uff1a\u201c\u6b64\u4e43\u4fc4\u5171\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u6765\u5e76\u541e\u5916\u8499\u653f\u7b56\u4e4b\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u201d[69]<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n

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