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\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u5404\u5730\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6f14\u5458\u8d29\u5b50\uff0c\u5929\u6d25\u7684\u9a6c\u4e91\u3001\u5bc7\u5927\u3001\u6768\u9ebb\u5b50\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u738b\u8001\u4e94\uff0c\u9752\u5c9b\u7684\u738b\u5347\u5e73\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u6c88\u9633\u3001\u54c8\u5c14\u6ee8\u7b49\u5e02\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u65c5\u793e\u3001\u996d\u5e97\u7684\u7ecf\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u526f\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u5728\u8c03\u67e5\u620f\u66f2\u201c\u9ec4\u725b\u201d\uff08\u5317\u4eac\u53eb\u201c\u7ecf\u52b1\u79d1\u201d\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u53eb\u201c\u9ec4\u725b\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u53eb\u201c\u9080\u5934\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u7ea6\u5934\u201d\u3001\u201c\u620f\u7259\u884c\u201d\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u6d3b\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u5408\u80a5\u5e02\u8d8a\u5267\u56e2\u603b\u52a1\u7afa\u6da3\u94f6\u3001\u798f\u5efa\u7701\u5149\u6cfd\u53bf\u8d8a\u5267\u56e2\u5bfc\u6f14\u8d75\u6b63\u82b3\uff0c\u6c99\u53bf\u8d8a\u5267\u56e2\u56e2\u957f\u5e90\u4fca\u5ddd\u7b49\u4eba\u90fd\u548c\u9ec4\u725b\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5e90\u4fca\u5ddd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6700\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u53bb\u5e74\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u521d\u7531\u798f\u5efa\u7701\u6c99\u53bf\u6587\u6559\u79d1\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\u9080\u7ea6\u6f14\u5458\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5e02\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u5c06\u4ed6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\u6587\u827a\u5de5\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u6599\u4ed6\u5728\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f1a\u8054\u7cfb\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u548c\u9ec4\u725b\u79c1\u81ea\u63a5\u6d3d\uff0c\u63a5\u89e6\u9762\u5341\u5206\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3002\u5728\u534a\u4e2a\u6708\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bcf\u665a\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0e\u5341\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u591a\u65f6\u8fbe\u4e8c\u5341\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u65c5\u9986\u91cc\u8fdb\u884c\u975e\u6cd5\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u805a\u4f17\u8d4c\u535a\u3002\u4ed6\u643a\u6709\u5de8\u6b3e\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4ed6\u770b\u4e2d\u7684\u6f14\u5458\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6309\u624b\u7eed\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u6765\u5386\uff0c\u4e0d\u5ba1\u67e5\u8bc1\u660e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4ed8\u7ed9\u73b0\u6b3e\uff0c\u7b7e\u8ba2\u548c\u7ea6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u9ec4\u725b\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u827a\u4eba\u7a0b\u519c\u9f84\uff0c\u53ea\u51ed\u4e00\u5f20\u5b57\u8ff9\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u4e0a\u865e\u53bf\u79bb\u56e2\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u7ba1\u673a\u5173\u7684\u6838\u51c6\u5370\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u4ed8\u6e05\u4e86\u56db\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u5143\u3002\u8d75\u6b63\u82b3\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u9ec4\u725b\u963f\u7956\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6f14\u5458\u7b7e\u7ea6\u3002[15]<\/p>\n

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\u4e09\u3001\u201c\u6d41\u52a8\u827a\u4eba\u201d\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u5bf9<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9488\u5bf9\u6d41\u52a8\u827a\u4eba\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5730\u65b9\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u51fa\u53f0\u4e0d\u5c11\u6761\u4f8b\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u3002[16]\u4f46\u201c\u6316\u89d2\u201d\u548c\u827a\u4eba\u6d41\u52a8\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u8bf8\u591a\u77db\u76fe\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ee5\u9655\u897f\u7701\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u6240\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u827a\u4eba\u4e89\u7aef\u3001\u77db\u76fe\u53ca\u5176\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u6765\u5207\u5165\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u89c2\u5bdf\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u8fc1\u3002\u9655\u897f\u3001\u7518\u8083\u3001\u65b0\u7586\u7b49\u897f\u5317\u7701\u4efd\u79e6\u8154\u6587\u5316\u90fd\u9887\u4e3a\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u5171\u4eab\u7740\u8bf8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u620f\u66f2\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u3002[17]1949\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u9655\u7518\u4e24\u7701\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9655\u897f\u548c\u65b0\u7586\u4e4b\u95f4\u201c\u6316\u89d2\u201d\u548c\u8df3\u69fd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c42\u51fa\u4e0d\u7a77\uff0c\u201c\u6d41\u52a8\u827a\u4eba\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u5267\u56e2\u548c\u5267\u56e2\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u7701\u4efd\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u77db\u76fe\u548c\u7ea0\u7eb7\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u6743\u529b\u4e3b\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c55\u5f00\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6743\u529b\u535a\u5f08\u3002<\/p>\n

1957\u5e74\u5e74\u521d\u9655\u897f\u7701\u620f\u66f2\u5267\u9662\u9662\u957f\u9a6c\u5065\u7fce\u7ed9\u7701\u59d4\u6587\u6559\u90e8\u6253\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c01\u7535\u62a5\u4e3b\u8981\u53cd\u6620\u5170\u5dde\u65b0\u5149\u5267\u793e\u6316\u8d70\u7701\u620f\u66f2\u5267\u9662\u4e3b\u8981\u6f14\u5458\u5218\u6613\u5e73\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u6316\u89d2\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7ed9\u620f\u66f2\u5267\u9662\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e26\u6765\u5f88\u5927\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u5218\u6613\u5e73\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u201c\u6d41\u52a8\u827a\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u5178\u578b\uff0c\u5218\u6613\u5e73\u539f\u672c\u662f\u5170\u5dde\u65b0\u5149\u5267\u56e2\u7684\u6f14\u5458\uff0c1952\u5e74\u53c2\u52a0\u5168\u56fd\u620f\u66f2\u4f1a\u6f14\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u9655\u897f\u7701\u620f\u66f2\u5267\u9662\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u540c\u884c\uff0c\u7ecf\u539f\u897f\u5317\u884c\u653f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u6279\u51c6\u6b63\u5f0f\u8c03\u52a8\u5230\u9655\u897f\u3002[18]1952\u5e74\u7684\u8fd9\u6b21\u8c03\u52a8\uff0c\u65b0\u5149\u5267\u793e\u7684\u5f20\u65b9\u5e73\u3001\u9ad8\u5e0c\u4e2d\u4e24\u4f4d\u793e\u957f\u90fd\u6b23\u7136\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4f461956\u5e74\u5218\u6613\u5e73\u56de\u7518\u8083\u63a2\u4eb2\uff0c\u5374\u7559\u5728\u4e86\u65b0\u5149\u5267\u56e2\u4e0d\u518d\u56de\u9655\u3002\u9a6c\u5065\u7fce\u7ed9\u7701\u59d4\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u62b1\u6028\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6625\u8282\u524d\uff0c\u5218\u6613\u5e73\u63a5\u65b0\u5149\u5267\u56e2\u6765\u7535\uff0c\u8bf4\u5176\u5c0f\u5b69\u6709\u75c5\uff08\u5c0f\u5b69\u5728\u65b0\u5149\u5267\u56e2\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u9662\u51c6\u5047\u8ba9\u8be5\u540c\u5fd7\u53bb\u770b\u671b\u3002\u88ab\u8be5\u5267\u56e2\u633d\u7559\u6f14\u51fa\u3002\u6211\u9662\u6d3e\u4eba\u53bb\u63a5\uff0c\u5176\u5267\u56e2\u8bf4\uff1a\u5218\u6613\u5e73\u539f\u672c\u662f\u4ed6\u793e\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u662f\u5230\u6211\u9662\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5e94\u8be5\u7559\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u90a3\u91cc\u3002[19]<\/p>\n

\u9a6c\u5065\u7fce\u8bd5\u56fe\u5411\u7701\u6587\u6559\u90e8\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5218\u6613\u5e73\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u5f0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u52a8\u5230\u9655\u897f\uff0c\u65b0\u5149\u5267\u793e\u4e5f\u660e\u786e\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u5374\u88ab\u4ee5\u8bd3\u9a97\u3001\u8f6f\u786c\u517c\u65bd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6316\u56de\u53bb\uff0c\u7ed9\u620f\u66f2\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u635f\u5931\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u987e\u7eaa\u5f8b\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u6d41\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u620f\u66f2\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5e0c\u671b\u8bf7\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u51fa\u9762\u5c06\u4eba\u627e\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u5bf9\u201c\u6d41\u52a8\u827a\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u5fc3\u6709\u4f59\u800c\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a1957\u5e74\u9655\u897f\u7701\u5404\u4e2a\u5267\u56e2\u827a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u62c9\u89d2\u8df3\u69fd\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u5218\u6613\u5e73\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u800c\u5df2\u30021957\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7ba1\u7406\u4e4b\u4e0b\u5267\u56e2\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u60c5\u51b5\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u756a\u5341\u5206\u60b2\u89c2\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5916\u5730\u5267\u56e2\u6765\u6211\u7701\u62c9\u6f14\u5458\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4ec51956\u5e74\u5185\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u897f\u5b89\u5c1a\u53cb\u793e\u652f\u63f4\u672c\u7701\u65b0\u5174\u5de5\u4e1a\u57fa\u5730\u6587\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6f14\u5458\u5de6\u65b0\u4e49\u88ab\u7518\u8083\u9152\u6cc9\u4e03\u4e00\u5267\u56e2\u6d3e\u82cf\u6c38\u6c11\u6765\uff0c\u4e58\u673a\u62c9\u53bb\u3002\u54b8\u9633\u4eba\u6c11\u5267\u56e2\u652f\u63f4\u9ad8\u9675\u5267\u56e2\u7684\u6f14\u5458\u6768\u7389\u7ea2\uff0c\u88ab\u7518\u8083\u6b66\u5a01\u5267\u56e2\u62c9\u53bb\u3002\u897f\u5b89\u5e02\u4e09\u610f\u793e\u6f14\u5458\u82cf\u7231\u5170\uff0c\u674e\u4e91\u4e1c\uff0c\u88ab\u7518\u8083\u5929\u6c34\u4eba\u6c11\u5267\u56e2\u62c9\u53bb\u3002\u6b66\u529f\u4eba\u6c11\u5267\u56e2\u6f14\u5458\u5b89\u6b63\u6c11\u3001\u97e9\u5316\u4fd7\u88ab\u7518\u8083\u9152\u6cc9\u7941\u8fde\u5267\u56e2\u62c9\u8d70\u3002\u6c49\u4e2d\u5929\u6c49\u5267\u56e2\u6f14\u5458\u9ec4\u65b0\u8bed\uff0c\u88ab\u7518\u8083\u79e6\u8154\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5267\u56e2\u62c9\u8d70\u3002\u4e09\u539f\u65b0\u827a\u5267\u793e\u5f20\u79c0\u4e91\u3001\u8463\u5efa\u950b\u3001\u7126\u5fd7\u654f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u88ab\u7518\u8083\u6b66\u5a01\u5267\u56e2\u548c\u9752\u6d77\u897f\u5b81\u65b0\u5267\u56e2\u62c9\u53bb\u3002\u5404\u56e2\u56e0\u6f14\u5458\u88ab\u62c9\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u53d7\u5230\u5f88\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6211\u5c40\u591a\u6b21\u53bb\u7518\u8083\u548c\u9752\u6d77\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u672a\u679c\u3002[20]<\/p>\n

\u9655\u7518\u4e4b\u95f4\u201c\u62c9\u89d2\u201d\u548c\u6f14\u5458\u6d41\u52a8\u60c5\u51b5\u6cdb\u6ee5\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u7684\u5c61\u6b21\u8c03\u67e5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ee5\u201c\u672a\u679c\u201d\u544a\u7ec8\u3002\u5267\u56e2\u548c\u6f14\u5458\u89c6\u653f\u5e9c\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u4e3a\u65e0\u7269\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u9ad8\u85aa\u8bf1\u60d1\u3001\u79c1\u4eba\u62c9\u62e2\u548c\u968f\u610f\u8bb8\u8bfa\uff0c\u5267\u56e2\u4e2d\u66f4\u662f\u4eba\u5fc3\u6d6e\u52a8\uff0c\u65f6\u5e38\u9677\u5165\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56f0\u5883\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u8feb\u505c\u6f14\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u79cd\u79cd\u6df7\u4e71\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u675f\u624b\u65e0\u7b56\uff0c\u6124\u6012\u7684\u8bed\u8c03\u4e2d\u5939\u6742\u7740\u4e9b\u8bb8\u65e0\u5948\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5e74\u6625\u8282\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7518\u8083\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5267\u56e2\u6765\u6211\u7701\u62c9\u89d2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5982\u5929\u6c34\u4eba\u6c11\u5267\u56e2\u66f9\u5bb6\u798f\uff0c\u548c\u6b66\u5a01\u5267\u56e2\u5bf9\u6f14\u5458\u9ad8\u85aa\u8bf1\u60d1\u5916\uff0c\u7adf\u516c\u7136\u58f0\u79f0\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u5230\u4e86\u7518\u8083\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6237\u53e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u53e6\u62a5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e26\u9752\u5e74\u56e2\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u53e6\u5165\u56e2\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u6210\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u6f84\u57ce\u53bf\u5267\u56e2\u4e3b\u8981\u6f14\u5458\u8463\u827a\u541b\uff0c\u6e2d\u5357\u65b0\u793e\u91cd\u8981\u6f14\u5458\u767d\u73cd\u745c\u88ab\u7518\u8083\u5929\u6c34\u4eba\u6c11\u5267\u56e2\u62c9\u8d70\u3002\u6b66\u529f\u53bf\u4eba\u6c11\u5267\u56e2\u674e\u666f\u82b3\u3001\u8d75\u4ed9\u5a25\u3001\u5f20\u5bff\u5c71\u3001\u5e38\u53d1\u624d\u7b49\u88ab\u7518\u8083\u7389\u95e8\u7389\u5149\u5267\u56e2\u62c9\u8d70\u3002\u6cfe\u9633\u53bf\u4eba\u6c11\u5267\u56e2\u5f20\u65b0\u7389\u3001\u8bb8\u6625\u6842\u88ab\u7518\u8083\u9152\u6cc9\u5267\u56e2\u62c9\u53bb\u3002\u4e09\u539f\u65b0\u827a\u5267\u56e2\u4e3b\u8981\u6f14\u5458\u738b\u5efa\u5a25\u3001\u9773\u5efa\u7434\u3001\u738b\u7389\u4e3d\u3001\u59dc\u79e6\u7389\u3001\u5f20\u8f85\u5e73\u3001\u77f3\u632f\u6c11\u7b49\u5206\u522b\u88ab\u7518\u8083\u4e03\u4e00\u5267\u56e2\u548c\u7389\u5149\u5267\u56e2\u62c9\u8d70\u3002\u62c9\u89d2\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5c1a\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u6f84\u57ce\u53bf\u3001\u6b66\u529f\u53bf\u5267\u56e2\u56e0\u4e3a\u5931\u53bb\u4e3b\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8feb\u505c\u6f14\uff0c\u5168\u56e2\u751f\u6d3b\u6210\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u574f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6f14\u5458\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u968f\u4fbf\u8d70\u4e86\u5c31\u8d70\u4e86\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u7518\u8083\u5267\u56e2\u80fd\u6454\u4e2a\u5927\u4ef7\u94b1\uff0c\u8bbe\u5907\u53c8\u597d\u3002\u60c5\u7eea\u6ce2\u52a8\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u7247\u7d27\u5f20\u5f62\u52bf\u3002[21]<\/p>\n

\u9655\u897f\u7701\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u201c\u7518\u8083\u7701\u5404\u4e2a\u5267\u56e2\u7684\uff0c\u51e1\u672a\u7ecf\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u95e8\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4e0d\u6309\u7167\u624b\u7eed\u7684\u62c9\u8d70\u7684\u6f14\u5458\uff0c\u4e00\u5f8b\u4e0d\u5f97\u7559\u7528\uff0c\u4fc3\u5176\u8fc5\u901f\u8fd4\u56de\u539f\u56e2\u201d\u3002[22]\u4f46\u7518\u8083\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u4e3a\u4e86\u672c\u5730\u5267\u56e2\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u91c7\u53d6\u63a8\u3001\u62d6\u3001\u9634\u5949\u9633\u8fdd\u3001\u7f6e\u82e5\u7f54\u95fb\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u201c\u6d41\u52a8\u827a\u4eba\u201d\u8868\u793a\u9ed8\u8bb8\u548c\u652f\u6301\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7518\u8083\u7701\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u63a8\u8131\u62e6\u963b\uff0c\u9655\u897f\u7701\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u591a\u6b21\u4ea4\u6d89\u672a\u679c\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u505a\u51fa\u9000\u8ba9\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u201c\u6316\u89d2\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0d\u505a\u8ffd\u7a76\uff0c\u53ea\u5e0c\u671b\u8981\u56de\u5f71\u54cd\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6f14\u5458\u3002[23]<\/p>\n

\u9488\u5bf9\u9655\u7518\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u6587\u5316\u90e81958\u5e745\u6708\u7684\u6761\u4f8b\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u8981\u4ee5\u9655\u897f\u7701\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u548c\u7518\u8083\u7701\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u534f\u540c\u89e3\u51b3\u79e6\u8154\u6d41\u52a8\u6f14\u5458\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u3002[24]\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u201c\u534f\u540c\u89e3\u51b3\u201d\u57fa\u672c\u6d41\u4e8e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c1959\u5e74\u4e24\u7701\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u201c\u6d41\u52a8\u827a\u4eba\u201d\u7ea0\u7eb7\u4ecd\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5927\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e86\u4e4b\u30021959\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u5174\u5e73\u53bf\u59d4\u7ed9\u9655\u897f\u7701\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u62b1\u6028\uff0c\u5174\u5e73\u53bf\u8bf8\u591a\u5267\u56e2\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6f14\u5458\u88ab\u62c9\u8d70\uff0c\u800c\u7518\u8083\u7701\u767d\u94f6\u5e02\u5de5\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3001\u6587\u6559\u5c40\u5c40\u957f\u5bc7\u6765\u5bbe\u4eb2\u81ea\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u6b64\u4e00\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e72\u90e8\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u4e0e\u201c\u6316\u89d2\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u5728\u5c11\u6570\uff0c\u4ec5\u7518\u8083\u4e00\u5730\uff0c\u5170\u5dde\u3001\u767d\u94f6\u3001\u7389\u95e8\u3001\u5f20\u6396\u3001\u9152\u6cc9\u7b49\u5730\u7684\u884c\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u9886\u5bfc\u90fd\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u6b64\u7c7b\u79c1\u6d3e\u4eba\u5458\u62c9\u62e2\u6f14\u5458\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002[25]\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u660e\u77e5\u4e0b\u5c5e\u5267\u56e2\u60c5\u51b5\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e00\u7b79\u83ab\u5c55\uff0c\u7231\u83ab\u80fd\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n

1959\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u9655\u897f\u7701\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u7ed9\u7518\u8083\u7701\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\uff0c\u4fe1\u4e2d\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u518d\u73b0\u4e86\u51e0\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u8270\u96be\u4ea4\u6d89\u548c\u7eb7\u4e89\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6e05\u6670\u770b\u5230\u201c\u6d41\u52a8\u827a\u4eba\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u6781\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7518\u8083\u7701\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5267\u56e2\u968f\u4fbf\u62c9\u89d2\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e25\u52a0\u7981\u6b62\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5f80\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6574\u98ce\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u62c9\u89d2\uff0c\u66f4\u8981\u4e25\u8083\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6f14\u5458\u4e00\u5f8b\u56de\u5230\u539f\u6765\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\u6765\u897f\u5b89\u6f14\u51fa\u7684\u7518\u8083\u5f20\u6396\u4e13\u533a\u4e03\u4e00\u5267\u56e2\uff0c1956\u5e74\uff0c\u62c9\u8d70\u6211\u7701\u6f14\u5458\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u4eba\u545816\u4eba\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5b9d\u9e21\u5e02\u79e6\u5267\u56e2\u3001\u4e09\u539f\u6c11\u827a\u5267\u56e2\u3001\u4e09\u539f\u65b0\u827a\u5267\u56e2\u3001\u6e2d\u5357\u5267\u56e2\u7b49\u3002\u6709\u5173\u53bf\u5267\u56e2\u5747\u591a\u6b21\u6d3e\u4eba\u5230\u5f20\u6396\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c\u5747\u672a\u83b7\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6211\u5c40\u5148\u540e\u81f4\u5f20\u6396\u6587\u6559\u5c4018\u6b21\u51fd\uff0c\u672a\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u7279\u6d3e\u6211\u5c40\u4eba\u5458\u524d\u5f80\u7518\u8083\u6587\u6559\u5c40\u89e3\u51b3\u62c9\u89d2\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ee5\u5f80\u6240\u62c9\u6f14\u5458\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b63\u5f0f\u652f\u63f4\u7518\u8083\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u8ffd\u7a76\u3002\u5c11\u6570\u6f14\u5458\u5f71\u54cd\u539f\u5267\u56e2\u5927\uff0c\u5e94\u5f52\u56e2\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5de6\u65b0\u6613\u3001\u6768\u57f9\u6797\u3001\u79e6\u514b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u6b21\u5f20\u6396\u5267\u56e2\u6765\u9655\u6f14\u51fa\uff0c\u5404\u4e13\u53bf\u7eb7\u7eb7\u6301\u51fd\u6765\u5c40\uff0c\u529e\u7406\u4ea4\u6d89\u3002\u6211\u5c40\u4e3a\u7167\u987e\u4e24\u7701\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e03\u4e00\u5267\u56e2\u6f14\u51fa\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u4e88\u4ee5\u529d\u963b\u3002\u5728\u4e13\u53bf\u5267\u56e2\u8feb\u5207\u8981\u6c42\u4e0b\u3002\u6211\u5c40\u6d3e\u4eba\u534f\u5546\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8be5\u56e2\u515a\u652f\u90e8\u4e66\u8bb0\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5c06\u5de6\u65b0\u6613\u3001\u6768\u57f9\u6797\u3001\u79e6\u514b\u4e2d\u3001\u5f20\u5bcc\u5e73\u7b49\u56db\u4eba\u6682\u65f6\u7559\u4e0b\u3002\u5f85\u53cc\u65b9\u534f\u8bae\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5b9a\u53bb\u8def\u3002\u62df\u8bf7\u7518\u8083\u7701\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u6279\u590d\u3002[26]<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u5f20\u6396\u4e03\u4e00\u5267\u56e2\u6316\u89d2\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u9655\u897f\u7701\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u548c\u5f20\u6396\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u524d\u540e\u516c\u51fd\u4ea4\u6d8918\u6b21\u4e4b\u591a\u4ecd\u672a\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u9655\u897f\u60f3\u8981\u56de\u56db\u4f4d\u91cd\u8981\u6f14\u5458\u4ecd\u7136\u9762\u5bf9\u6781\u5927\u963b\u529b\uff0c\u987b\u8bf7\u7518\u8083\u7701\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u51fa\u9762\u8c03\u505c\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u201c\u4e03\u4e00\u5267\u56e2\u201d\u62c9\u89d2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u867d\u5c0f\uff0c\u5374\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5267\u56e2\u4e0e\u5267\u56e2\u3001\u53bf\u4e0e\u53bf\u3001\u7701\u4e0e\u7701\u4e4b\u95f4\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u90e8\u95e8\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u5c3d\u7ba1\u51fa\u53f0\u4e86\u6d41\u52a8\u827a\u4eba\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u6761\u4f8b\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5374\u5145\u6ee1\u6469\u64e6\u548c\u9f83\u9f89\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6743\u529b\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u8ba9\u653f\u7b56\u65e0\u6cd5\u843d\u5b9e\u3002\u4ec51958\u5e74\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5404\u7701\u201c\u6316\u89d2\u201d\u544a\u72b6\u4fe1\u4e0a\u767e\u5c01\uff0c\u5341\u56db\u4e94\u4e2a\u7701\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u5267\u56e2\u90fd\u5411\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u53cd\u6620\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u5730\u65b9\u4e0e\u5730\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u7701\u4e0e\u7701\u4e4b\u95f4\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u7ea0\u7eb7\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7ea0\u7eb7\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u201c\u672a\u83b7\u89e3\u51b3\u201d\u3002[27]<\/p>\n

1964\u5e74\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u201d\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f00\u59cb\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u6d41\u52a8\u827a\u4eba\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u3002\u9655\u897f\u548c\u65b0\u7586\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bf9\u6d41\u52a8\u827a\u4eba\u4ed8\u5fd7\u5fe0\u3001\u5b8b\u5468\u592a\u7684\u4e25\u5389\u5904\u7406\u4fbf\u662f\u6b64\u65f6\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6c1b\u56f4\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e4b\u98ce\u5411\u6807\u3002\u4ed8\u5fd7\u5fe0\u548c\u5b8b\u5468\u592a\u4e8c\u4eba\u662f\u9655\u897f\u7701\u5c90\u5c71\u53bf\u5267\u56e2\u6f14\u5458\u3002\u5b8b\u5468\u592a\u57281958\u5e74\u56e0\u4e3a\u7537\u5973\u4f5c\u98ce\u95ee\u9898\u88ab\u5173\u62bc\uff0c\u4ed8\u5fd7\u5fe01959\u5e74\u4e5f\u56e0\u604b\u7231\u95ee\u9898\u9003\u8dd1\u9752\u6d77\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e24\u4eba\u4e8e1962\u5e74\u5148\u540e\u56de\u5230\u5267\u56e2\uff0c\u56e2\u5185\u4e88\u4ee5\u7559\u56e2\u5bdf\u770b\u5904\u5206\u30021964\u5e746\u670818\u65e5\uff0c\u5c90\u5c71\u53bf\u5267\u56e2\u5728\u7518\u8083\u9647\u897f\u8f66\u7ad9\u6f14\u51fa\uff0c\u4ed8\u5fd7\u5fe0\u548c\u5b8b\u5468\u592a\u4e8c\u4eba\u501f\u673a\u9003\u8dd1\uff0c7\u67083\u65e5\u5c90\u5c71\u53bf\u63a5\u5230\u65b0\u7586\u6728\u5792\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u81ea\u6cbb\u53bf\u516c\u5b89\u5c40\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u5f97\u77e5\u8fd9\u4e24\u4eba\u9003\u8dd1\u5230\u6728\u5792\u53bf\u3002\u4e24\u4eba\u620f\u5267\u4e0a\u4e13\u4e1a\u80fd\u529b\u5f88\u5f3a\uff0c\u6728\u5792\u53bf\u5267\u56e2\u4e0d\u4f46\u5b89\u6392\u4e86\u4e24\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed8\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u9ad8\u989d\u62a5\u916c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u9655\u897f\u65f6\u90fd\u662f\u9752\u5e74\u6f14\u5458\uff0c\u539f\u5de5\u8d44\u4e00\u4e2a51\u5143\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a45\u5143\uff0c\u5230\u6728\u5792\u540e\uff0c\u4ed8\u5fd7\u5fe0\u4f5c\u4e86\u5267\u56e2\u6307\u5bfc\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u5b8b\u5468\u592a\u5219\u6210\u4e86\u5bfc\u6f14\uff0c\u6bcf\u4eba\u5de5\u8d44100\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n

1964\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4e24\u4eba\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9655\u897f\u7701\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u81f4\u4fe1\u7ed9\u65b0\u7586\u7ef4\u543e\u5c14\u65cf\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u6587\u5316\u5385\uff0c\u8a00\u8bed\u4e2d\u9887\u6709\u5a01\u80c1\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5199\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u6b63\u5f53\u57ce\u4e61\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u8fd0\u52a8\u6df1\u5165\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u827a\u672f\u56e2\u4f53\u90fd\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u9769\u547d\u5316\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u5267\u56e2\u4e2d\u5f71\u54cd\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u5c90\u5c71\u53bf\u66fe\u4e0e\u4e8c\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u4f5c\u4e86\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5747\u65e0\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7279\u6b64\u8bf7\u534f\u52a9\u50ac\u4fc3\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd4\u56de\u201d[28]\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u4e8b\u51fa\u57281958\u5e74\u6216\u80051960\u5e74\uff0c\u591a\u534a\u4f1a\u50cf\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e89\u7aef\u4e00\u6837\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e86\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f461964\u5e74\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u6597\u4e89\u5df2\u7136\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u793e\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8eab\u4efd\u8fa8\u6790\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u65b0\u7586\u9063\u8fd4\u6d41\u52a8\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5e76\u8feb\u4f7f\u6728\u5792\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u81ea\u6cbb\u53bf\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u51fa\u9762\uff0c\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f5c\u51fa\u89e3\u91ca\u30021965\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u81ea\u6cbb\u53bf\u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5728\u4e24\u4f4d\u201c\u6d41\u52a8\u827a\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u5904\u7406\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e24\u4eba\u4e0e\u6211\u53bf\u6587\u5de5\u56e2\u4e2a\u522b\u4eba\u6709\u65e7\u4ea4\u3002\u7ecf\u5e38\u901a\u4fe1\u5f80\u6765\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u601d\u60f3\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b89\u5fc3\u5728\u539f\u5355\u4f4d\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e8e1964\u5e747\u6708\u6765\u6211\u53bf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u62a5\u544a\u6587\u5316\u5385\uff0c\u7535\u544a\u5c90\u5c71\u53bf\u628a\u4eba\u63a5\u56de\u53bb\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c90\u5c71\u53bf\u6765\u4e86\u4e24\u4f4d\u540c\u5fd7\u52a8\u5458\u4ed6\u4eec\u56de\u53bb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e24\u4eba\u575a\u51b3\u4e0d\u56de\u53bb\u3002\u65e0\u5948\u4ed6\u4eec\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u8981\u6682\u65f6\u628a\u4eba\u5b89\u7f6e\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u53bb\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\uff08\u636e\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5c90\u5c71\u53bf\u6d3e\u6765\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u529d\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u8981\u56de\u53bb\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u6599\u5c90\u5c71\u53bf\u6587\u6559\u5c40\u505a\u4e86\u4e0d\u5b9e\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u5e76\u5f53\u4f17\u901a\u62a5\u4e86\u5c90\u5c71\u53bf\u6587\u6559\u5c40\u5f00\u9664\u4e24\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u968f\u5373\u6309\u81ea\u6d41\u4eba\u5458\u9063\u8fd4\u539f\u7c4d\u52b3\u52a8\u3002[29]<\/p>\n

\u5176\u63aa\u8f9e\u548c\u5904\u7406\u4e4b\u4e25\u5389\uff0c\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u4f5c\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u89c1\u5230\u3002\u6728\u5792\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u81ea\u6cbb\u53bf\u60f3\u65b9\u8bbe\u6cd5\u63a8\u8131\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u6307\u8d23\u5c90\u5c71\u65b9\u9762\u5bf9\u6d41\u52a8\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u66a7\u6627\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\u5728\u793e\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u6574\u4f53\u5927\u5c40\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u6d41\u52a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u7586\u9655\u897f\u5171\u540c\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u201c\u6d41\u52a8\u827a\u4eba\u201d\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u9769\u547d\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u906d\u5230\u4e25\u5389\u6253\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u738b\u7389\u7530\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff1a\u4ece\u6d41\u52a8\u827a\u4eba\u5230\u6587\u9769\u5148\u950b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u7c73\u5c14\u65af\u66fe\u7ecf\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8f68\u8ff9\u548c\u4ed6\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u7740\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e2a\u4f53\u4eba\u751f\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u5e8f\u5217\u5f53\u4e2d\u6f14\u7ece\u51fa\u6765\u3002[30]\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8003\u5bdf\u4e2a\u4f53\u751f\u547d\u5386\u7a0b\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u793e\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u53d8\u8fc1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u53d8\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6863\u6848\u4e2d\u738b\u7389\u7530\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f20\u8bb0\u4e3a\u6fc0\u70c8\u53d8\u9769\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u751f\u52a8\u4f50\u8bc1\uff0c\u5176\u6545\u4e8b\u5341\u5206\u5b8c\u6574\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u52a8\u827a\u4eba\u4ece1950\u5e74\u52301966\u5e74\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8f68\u8ff9\u548c\u5fc3\u8def\u5386\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6e05\u6670\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u4ed6\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u63a2\u8ba8\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u91cd\u73b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u6587\u5316\u53d8\u8fc1\u7684\u8f68\u8f99\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u4e2a\u4f53\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u4e4b\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ea0\u845b\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u798f\u67ef\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u628a\u63e1\u6743\u529b\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u8d70\u7684\u66f4\u8fdc\uff0c\u7a7f\u8d8a\u66f4\u52a0\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4f20\u64ad\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6743\u529b\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5de5\u5177\u3002[31]<\/p>\n

\u738b\u7389\u75301917\u5e74\u751f\u4e8e\u5b89\u5fbd\u829c\u6e56\u5e02\uff0c\u4ece\u5c0f\u79c9\u627f\u5bb6\u4f20\u62dc\u5e08\u5b66\u827a\uff0c\u4ed67\u5c81\u7ec3\u529f\uff0c8\u5c81\u5165\u5b66\uff0c10\u5c81\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c13\u5c81\u5e76\u3001\u62dc\u5f20\u8363\u594e\u3001\u82d7\u80dc\u6625\u7b49\u4e3a\u5e08\uff0c\u4e13\u6f14\u94dc\u9524\u82b1\u8138\u30021939\u5e74\u4ed6\u62dc\u4eac\u5267\u540d\u4f36\u674e\u514b\u660c\u4e3a\u5e08\uff0c\u674e\u514b\u660c\u662f\u91d1\u5c11\u5c71\u5f97\u610f\u5f1f\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u738b\u7389\u7530\u4e5f\u6df1\u5f97\u91d1\u6d3e\u771f\u4f20\u3002\u4ed6\u6f14\u620f\u80fd\u4e0a\u53f0\uff0c\u65e5\u8bed\u80fd\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u6587\u5b57\u4f1a\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u5e76\u7ec3\u5c31\u4e00\u624b\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u4e66\u6cd5\u3002[32]\u4ed6\u572840\u5e74\u4ee3\u53c2\u52a0\u8fc7\u6b66\u6c49\u5e02\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\u3001\u5357\u901a\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\u3001\u8c2d\u5bcc\u82f1\u5267\u56e2\uff0c\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e8e1951\u5e74\u52a0\u5165\u82cf\u5357\u5927\u4f17\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\uff08\u6c5f\u82cf\u7701\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\u7684\u524d\u8eab\uff09\uff0c[33] \u6c5f\u82cf\u7701\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\u8d74\u6caa\u6f14\u51fa\u65f6\uff0c\u534e\u4e1c\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\u56e2\u957f\u5468\u4fe1\u82b3\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u6f14\u51fa\u8d5e\u8d4f\u6709\u52a0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b641954\u5e74\u8c03\u5230\u4e86\u534e\u4e1c\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\uff08\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eac\u5267\u9662\u524d\u8eab\uff09\uff0c\u548c\u5468\u4fe1\u82b3\u540c\u53f0\u6f14\u51fa\u3002[34]1958\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u56e0\u897f\u5b89\u5e02\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u9655\u897f\u7701\u4eac\u5267\u9662\uff0c\u738b\u7389\u7530\u3001\u738b\u91d1\u7490\u3001\u738b\u7199\u6625\u7b49\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eac\u5267\u9662\u7684\u6f14\u5458\uff0c\u5949\u547d\u501f\u8c03\u5230\u897f\u5b89\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u5168\u56fd\u4e00\u76d8\u68cb\u201d\u53f7\u53ec\u65f6\u671f\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u6b63\u5f0f\u88ab\u8c03\u5230\u9655\u897f\u7701\u4eac\u5267\u9662\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u9655\u897f\u7701\u4eac\u5267\u9662\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u7fa4\u82f1\u835f\u8403\u3001\u9635\u5bb9\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u7701\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u6d3e\u6765\u4e86\u201c\u9c81\u827a\u201d\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684\u6587\u827a\u5e72\u90e8\u5d14\u9e3f\u6cbb\u4efb\u56e2\u957f\uff0c\u738b\u91d1\u7490\u4efb\u526f\u56e2\u957f\u517c\u827a\u59d4\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u738b\u7389\u7530\u4efb\u827a\u59d4\u4f1a\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002\u738b\u7389\u7530\u53c2\u6f14\u7684\u300a\u56db\u8fdb\u58eb\u300b\u3001\u300a\u8fde\u73af\u5957\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6768\u5bb6\u5c06\u300b\u7684\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u4eac\u5267\u9662\u7684\u538b\u8f74\u5267\u76ee\u3002[35]<\/p>\n

\""\u6b66\u751f\u5927\u738b"\u595a\u4e2d\u8def:\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eac\u5267\u9662\u591a\u5e74\u6ca1\u620f\u6f14,\u8fd8\u88ab\u5f92\u5f1f\u4f24\u4e86\u5fc3\"<\/p>\n

1959\u5e74\uff0c\u738b\u7389\u7530\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u9002\u5e94\u5317\u65b9\u6c14\u5019\uff0c\u5589\u708e\u548c\u54b3\u55fd\u53cd\u590d\u53d1\u4f5c\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u8bf7\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u75c5\u5047\u56de\u4e0a\u6d77\u4f11\u606f\u30021959\u5e7412\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\uff0c\u4ed6\u79c1\u81ea\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u9547\u6c5f\u5e02\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\uff0c\u6073\u8bf7\u9547\u6c5f\u5e02\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4f53\u8c05\u5176\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u7167\u987e\u4ed6\u539f\u662f\u4ece\u6c5f\u82cf\u8c03\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6536\u5bb9\u4ed6\u7559\u56e2\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u9547\u6c5f\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\u56e0\u4e3a\u6070\u597d\u4e5f\u7f3a\u4eba\uff0c\u672a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6b63\u5f0f\u624b\u7eed\uff0c\u4fbf\u7559\u4e0b\u738b\u7389\u7530\u3002\u738b\u7389\u7530\u4e5f\u5199\u4fe1\u544a\u8bc9\u897f\u5b89\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u6b64\u4e00\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u897f\u5b89\u65b9\u9762\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u738b\u7389\u7530\u5c31\u8eab\u4efd\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u5728\u9547\u6c5f\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\u5f85\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

1960\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u9655\u897f\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\u5e0c\u671b\u738b\u7389\u7530\u80fd\u591f\u56de\u56e2\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6d3e\u4eba\u4e8b\u5e72\u90e8\u5b5f\u957f\u4e3e\u5230\u9547\u6c5f\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d89\u8981\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u738b\u7389\u7530\u548c\u9547\u6c5f\u65b9\u9762\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u76f4\u63a5\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u767e\u822c\u63a8\u6258\u3002\u5728\u9547\u6c5f\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u738b\u7389\u7530\u4e0a\u8bc9\u5230\u6587\u5316\u90e8\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u80fd\u591f\u4f53\u8c05\u4ed6\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4ed6\u6b63\u5f0f\u8c03\u52a8\u5230\u9547\u6c5f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u7ed9\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u53cd\u590d\u63d0\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u75c5\u60c5\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4ee5\u6b64\u6253\u52a8\u4e0a\u7ea7\u9886\u5bfc\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6211\u79bb\u5f00\u897f\u5b89\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u662f\u6211\u81ea\u53bb\u897f\u5b89\u60a3\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6162\u6027\u5589\u708e\uff0c\u5b83\u59a8\u5bb3\u7740\u6211\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5371\u5bb3\u7740\u6211\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u9010\u6e10\u865a\u5f31\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u53d7\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u523a\u6fc0\u3002\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf43\u5c81\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4f7f\u6211\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e74\u9650\u7b49\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5357\u65b9\u540e\uff0c\u8eab\u4f53\u53c8\u6709\u4e86\u597d\u8f6c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u79bb\u5f00\u897f\u5b89\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u7948\u6c42\u80fd\u56de\u5357\u65b9\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u613f\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5589\u708e\u4e5f\u662f\u6f14\u5458\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u75c5\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fc7\u53bb\u6211\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u75c5\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5357\u65b9\u65f6\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u611f\u89c9\u8fc7\uff0c\u56e0\u5b83\u4ece\u6ca1\u6709\u5a01\u80c1\u8fc7\u6211\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6c5f\u82cf\u7701\u4eac\u5267\u9662\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eac\u5267\u9662\u8c03\u67e5\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5728\u897f\u5b89\u4e00\u5e26\u6f14\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u9664\u590f\u5b63\u611f\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u8212\u7545\u5916\uff0c\u6625\u3001\u79cb\u3001\u51ac\u4e09\u5b63\u662f\u6211\u6700\u611f\u5230\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u754f\u5bd2\u5982\u654c\uff0c\u65e5\u591c\u54b3\u55fd\u4e0d\u6b62\uff0c\u5e38\u5f7b\u591c\u4e0d\u7720\u3002\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u5531\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u6f14\u5458\uff0c\u54b3\u55fd\u591a\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u55d3\u5b50\u53d1\u58f0\uff0c\u5531\u4e0d\u597d\u53c8\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u60c5\u7eea\u4e0d\u597d\u591c\u91cc\u7761\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u7761\u7720\u4e0d\u597d\u53c8\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u56fa\u75be\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53cd\u590d\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u5f88\u96be\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002[36]<\/p>\n

\u738b\u7389\u7530\u7740\u610f\u4e8e\u9648\u8ff0\u6c14\u5019\u4e0d\u9002\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u75c5\u75db\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u75be\u75c5\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u533b\u751f\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u5b89\u548c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5c31\u8bca\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u7684\u4fee\u517b\u5efa\u8bae\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u738b\u7389\u7530\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u5df1\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u8eab\u4f53\u539f\u56e0\u8f6c\u56e2\uff0c\u201c\u4e0d\u6bd4\u539f\u6765\u5355\u4f4d\u591a\u62ff\u4e00\u5206\u94b1\u85aa\u91d1\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5728\u540d\u5229\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u7948\u6c42\u201d\uff0c\u548c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6df7\u8ff9\u4e8e\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u9ad8\u85aa\u8bf1\u60d1\u800c\u8df3\u69fd\u7684\u4eac\u5267\u6f14\u5458\u4e0d\u53ef\u540c\u65e5\u800c\u8bed\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u738b\u7389\u7530\u4e5f\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u79c1\u81ea\u79bb\u5f00\u4e0d\u7ecf\u6279\u51c6\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u8fdd\u53cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7eaa\u5f8b\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u9886\u5bfc\u80fd\u539f\u8c05\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5b69\u5b50\u822c\u201d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u6279\u51c6\u8c03\u52a8\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5408\u6cd5\u201d\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u91c7\u7528\u6653\u4e4b\u4ee5\u7406\u52a8\u4e4b\u4ee5\u60c5\u7684\u6073\u5207\u8a00\u8f9e\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u201c\u6b63\u540d\u201d\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6279\u5224\u7684\u662f\u6211\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u5c0a\u91cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u6211\u5728\u81ea\u6211\u6539\u9020\u65b9\u9762\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u4e0d\u6df1\u4e0d\u900f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u8fd1\u65e5\u6765\u540e\u6094\u83ab\u53ca\uff0c\u7ec8\u65e5\u7126\u707c\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u5927\u5fc3\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u6765\u56e2\u548c\u4e13\u533a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e5f\u52a8\u5458\u8fc7\u6211\u51e0\u6b21\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u56de\u9655\u4eac\u53bb\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u6253\u4e86\u62a5\u544a\u91cd\u7533\u6211\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u672c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u5948\u4f55\u6211\u5b9e\u5728\u65e0\u6cd5\u53bb\u897f\u5b89\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7559\u5728\u5357\u65b9\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6211\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u770b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u51e0\u5e74\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e86\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4ece\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\u6765\u8ffd\u67e5\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u751a\u4e48\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u8877\u5fc3\u5730\u76fc\u671b\u7740\uff0c\u7948\u6c42\u656c\u7231\u7684\u9996\u957f\u80fd\u5426\u4ece\u6211\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u50cf\u539f\u8c05\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u6765\u539f\u8c05\u6211\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff01<\/p>\n

\u6211\u7948\u6c42\u7740\u80fd\u628a\u6211\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8c03\u5230\u9547\u6c5f\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u6211\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u515a\u548c\u9996\u957f\u4eec\u4f1a\u7ed9\u6211\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u72af\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u7559\u5728\u5357\u65b9\u5de5\u4f5c\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u611f\u6fc0\u4e0d\u5c3d\u7684\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u60e9\u7f5a\u6211\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0a\u7ea7\u515a\u548c\u9996\u957f\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u6211\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u897f\u5b89\u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e3b\u8981\u82b1\u8138\uff0c\u6211\u8877\u5fc3\u5730\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u7948\u6c42\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0a\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002[37]<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u60dc\u738b\u7389\u7530\u8a00\u8f9e\u6073\u5207\u7684\u7533\u8bc9\u751f\u4e0d\u9022\u65f6\u30021960\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u620f\u5267\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u5341\u5206\u6cdb\u6ee5\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u201d\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u521a\u521a\u6279\u8f6c\u4e86\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u575a\u51b3\u5236\u6b62\u5267\u56e2\u6316\u89d2\u548c\u53d6\u7f14\u6240\u8c13\u6d41\u52a8\u6f14\u5458\u7684\u6307\u793a\u201d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5267\u56e2\u4e4b\u95f4\u201c\u6316\u89d2\u201d\u548c\u6f14\u5458\u81ea\u7531\u6d41\u52a8\u6070\u597d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u654f\u611f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002[38]\u4e0d\u8bba\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u591a\u4e48\u503c\u5f97\u540c\u60c5\uff0c\u4ece\u653f\u7b56\u7acb\u573a\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6279\u51c6\u738b\u7684\u8c03\u52a8\u7533\u8bf7\u3002\u53cc\u65b9\u8fdb\u4eac\u4e0a\u8bc9\u544a\u72b6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u9655\u897f\u7701\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\u5e26\u8d70\u4e86\u738b\u7389\u7530\uff0c\u9547\u6c5f\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\u88ab\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u79f0\u201c\u9547\u6c5f\u5e02\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u624b\u7eed\u7559\u7528\u4ed6\u56e2\u7684\u6f14\u5458\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u8be5\u56e2\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u5458\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u8ba4\u771f\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u6b21\u9519\u8bef\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u663e\u793a\u901a\u60c5\u8fbe\u7406\u548c\u4e9b\u8bb8\u4eba\u60c5\u5473\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u6279\u8bc4\u6559\u80b2\u738b\u7389\u7530\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5fd8\u53ee\u5631\u9655\u897f\u65b9\u9762\u201c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u55d3\u75be\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u5b9e\u4e8b\u6c42\u662f\u5730\u4e88\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u201d\u3002[39]<\/p>\n

1960\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u738b\u7389\u7530\u5728\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u7684\u8c03\u89e3\u4e0b\u6682\u65f6\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u9655\u897f\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u534a\u5e74\u95f4\u548c\u9655\u897f\u7701\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\u5728\u9655\u7518\u4e00\u5e26\u5de1\u6f14\uff0c\u5589\u75be\u590d\u53d1\uff0c\u4e00\u5ea6\u751a\u81f3\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d1\u58f0\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8bf7\u5047\u4f11\u517b\u30021961\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u738b\u7389\u7530\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u592b\u4eba\u6731\u7cb9\u82f1\u4ee5\u5bb6\u5c5e\u540d\u4e49\uff0c\u53c8\u7ed9\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\uff0c\u65e7\u4e8b\u91cd\u63d0\uff0c\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u738b\u7389\u7530\u534a\u5e74\u6765\u52aa\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ca\u5176\u906d\u53d7\u75be\u75c5\u6298\u78e8\u7684\u82e6\u5883\uff0c\u76fc\u671b\u9886\u5bfc\u80fd\u51fa\u9762\u89e3\u51b3\u5176\u8c03\u52a8\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7389\u7530\u56de\u9655\u8fc4\u5df2\u534a\u8f7d\uff0c\u9655\u56e2\u7ec4\u7ec7\u672a\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u7389\u7530\u8eab\u4f53\u53c8\u590d\u8870\u9893\uff0c\u8f83\u524d\u671f\u5219\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u8fd1\u6765\u53c8\u589e\u52a0\u5750\u9aa8\u795e\u7ecf\u75db\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u75db\u82e6\u96be\u4f38\uff0c\u867d\u627f\u9886\u5bfc\u767e\u822c\u63a8\u7231\uff0c\u5948\u4f55\u4ed6\u5185\u5fe7\u5916\u75c5\u601d\u60f3\u4e0a\u662f\u83ab\u5927\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\u6211\u4ee5\u5bb6\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u76f4\u8a00\u4e0a\u9648\uff0c\u6073\u6c42\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0a\u636e\u5176\u5b9e\u60c5\u8c05\u5bdf\uff0c\u633d\u6551\u4ed6\u7684\u827a\u672f\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u5176\u827a\u672f\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u6b65\u5165\u4e0d\u826f\u4e4b\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u4e5e\u4e88\u51c6\u8c03\u56de\u5357\uff0c\u4e0d\u80dc\u611f\u7977\u4e4b\u81f3\uff0c\u5e76\u76fc\u793a\u590d\u3002[40]<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u767e\u201c\u7fa4\u4f17\u6765\u4fe1\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7fa4\u4f17\u6073\u5207\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u5939\u7f20\u4e8e\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u4eba\u60c5\u4e24\u96be\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u505a\u201c\u8c03\u89e3\u4eba\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4ef2\u88c1\u8005\u201d\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u76ae\u7403\u8e22\u7ed9\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u9655\u897f\u7701\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u548c\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\u201c\u914c\u60c5\u5904\u7406\u201d\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u9547\u6c5f\u5e02\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\u6d3e\u4eba\u5e26\u738b\u7389\u7530\u548c\u9655\u897f\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\u5b5f\u957f\u4e3e\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u8c08\u8fc7\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u5c40\u6d3e\u4eba\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u5546\u8bae\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u201c\u738b\u7389\u7530\u6682\u56de\u9655\u897f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e0d\u9002\u5e94\u5317\u65b9\u6c14\u5019\u7ecf\u5e38\u60a3\u5589\u708e\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u56de\u5357\u65b9\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7531\u9655\u897f\u7701\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\u4f9d\u7167\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u4e88\u4ee5\u59a5\u5584\u89e3\u51b3\u201d\u3002\u73b0\u738b\u7389\u7530\u5df2\u56de\u9655\u5de5\u4f5c\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u636e\u5176\u7231\u4eba\u4fe1\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u8fd8\u672a\u505a\u51fa\u59a5\u5584\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u51fd\u8bf7\u4f60\u5c40\u7814\u7a76\u5904\u7406\u3002[41]<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5c01\u4e0d\u75db\u4e0d\u75d2\u3001\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u7684\u6279\u793a\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b9e\u9645\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u5929\u9ad8\u5730\u8fdc\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u5267\u56e2\u548c\u738b\u7389\u7530\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u9655\u897f\u7701\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\u5bf9\u201c\u59a5\u5584\u89e3\u51b3\u201d\u5145\u8033\u4e0d\u95fb\uff0c\u738b\u7389\u7530\u4e5f\u5e72\u8106\u501f\u7740\u517b\u75c5\u4e4b\u673a\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u9547\u6c5f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57281961\u5e74\u52301963\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u738b\u7389\u7530\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u66a7\u6627\u4e0d\u660e\u7684\u7f1d\u9699\u4e2d\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u518d\u56de\u9655\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u548c\u9655\u897f\u7701\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u4e66\u4fe1\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u6682\u5c45\u9547\u6c5f\u4e5f\u8fd8\u5e2e\u7740\u9655\u897f\u5267\u56e2\u529e\u4e00\u4e9b\u91c7\u8d2d\u3001\u4e70\u884c\u5934\u3001\u9080\u8bf7\u6f14\u5458\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u9655\u897f\u65b9\u9762\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5c61\u6b21\u50ac\u4fc3\u738b\u56de\u6765\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5374\u5e76\u65e0\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eac\u5267\u9662\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u548c\u9655\u897f\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u738b\u7389\u7530\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u9662\u3002\u5404\u65b9\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6253\u7b97\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u6210\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u63a3\u8098\u3001\u62d6\u62d6\u62c9\u62c9\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u80fd\u5728\u534a\u660e\u534a\u6666\u7684\u60c5\u52bf\u4e2d\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n

\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6587\u827a\u754c\u5404\u5355\u4f4d\u6574\u987f\u548c\u6e05\u9000\u6d41\u52a8\u827a\u4eba\u4e5f\u53d8\u5f97\u5f02\u5e38\u4e25\u5389\u3002\u9655\u897f\u7701\u4eac\u5267\u56e2\u56e2\u957f\u5d14\u9e3f\u6cbb\u7ed9\u738b\u7389\u7530\u529e\u4e86\u4e00\u5f20\u79bb\u56e2\u8bc1\uff0c\u5e76\u5631\u5490\u8bf4\uff0c\u540c\u610f\u4ed6\u8c03\u56de\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eac\u5267\u9662\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u56de\u9547\u6c5f\u3002\u4f46\u6070\u597d\u6b64\u65f6\u4e0a\u6d77\u5f00\u59cb\u6574\u987f\u6d41\u52a8\u827a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u63a5\u6536\u738b\u7389\u7530\u56de\u56e2\uff0c\u53bb\u9547\u6c5f\u53c8\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u6b63\u5f0f\u8f6c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u518d\u6b32\u56de\u897f\u5b89\u5d14\u56e2\u957f\u5df2\u7ecf\u7f6e\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7406\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u5168\u56fd\u6574\u987f\u6587\u827a\u754c\u7684\u4e25\u9177\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u738b\u7389\u7530\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u88ab\u60ac\u7f6e\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u4e5f\u66fe\u7ecf\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5230\u626c\u5dde\u5267\u56e2\u7b49\u5730\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u6253\u51fb\u6d41\u52a8\u827a\u4eba\u7684\u6c1b\u56f4\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u90fd\u65e0\u679c\u800c\u7ec8\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u793e\u6559\u8fd0\u52a8\u5ba3\u4f20\u753b<\/p>\n

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\u6211\u662f\u4e2a\u4eac\u5267\u6f14\u5458\uff0c\u515a\u7ed9\u6211\u5341\u51e0\u5e74\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b26\u5408\u515a\u5bf9\u9769\u547d\u827a\u4eba\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6211\u5f88\u75db\u5fc3\uff01\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u884c\u52a8\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8131\u79bb\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6211\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7ed9\u4e86\u8dd1\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u8d70\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u9053\u8def\u7684\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u515a\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u6211\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u80fd\u591f\u83b7\u5f97\u7ee7\u7eed\u9769\u547d\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7ec8\u8eab\u611f\u6fc0\u4e0d\u5c3d\u7684\u3002[42]<\/p>\n

\u8eab\u4e3a\u9655\u897f\u7701\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\uff0c\u8212\u540c\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u662f\u6c89\u9ed8\u548c\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u5bf9\u6b64\u7533\u8bc9\u7f6e\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u4ecb\u5165\u5267\u56e2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7eb7\u4e89\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u4e0d\u4fbf\u4e8e\u76f4\u63a5\u51fa\u9762\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u539f\u5219\u201d\u4e0a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u827a\u4eba\uff0c\u738b\u7389\u7530\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u77f3\u6c89\u5927\u6d77\u3002[43]<\/p>\n

\u9762\u5bf9\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u6c89\u9ed8\uff0c\u738b\u7389\u7530\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u653e\u5f03\u7533\u8bc9\uff0c1964\u5e746\u6708\u81f310\u6708\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fde\u7eed\u7ed9\u8212\u540c\u5199\u4e86\u4e09\u5c01\u4fe1\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u4eff\uff0c\u8bed\u8c03\u5374\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7126\u707c\u548c\u4e56\u623e\uff0c\u4e00\u5c01\u6bd4\u4e00\u5c01\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u7edd\u671b\u611f\u548c\u7d27\u5f20\u6c14\u606f\u3002\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u53ea\u662f\u9648\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u65e0\u8f9c\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u9010\u6e10\u63ed\u9732\u9655\u897f\u7701\u4eac\u5267\u9662\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u201c\u8d70\u8d44\u6d3e\u201d\u6076\u884c\uff0c\u6279\u5224\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u201c\u9634\u8c0b\u201d\u548c\u6253\u51fb\u62a5\u590d\uff0c\u8a00\u8bed\u4e2d\u660e\u663e\u5bcc\u542b\u6587\u9769\u524d\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u785d\u70df\u6c14\u606f\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u7740\u201c\u4f60\u6b7b\u6211\u6d3b\u201d\u5473\u9053\u30021964\u5e74\u768411\u6708\uff0c\u738b\u7389\u7530\u53c8\u4e13\u95e8\u4ece\u4e0a\u6d77\u5230\u897f\u5b89\uff0c\u591a\u6b21\u5230\u7701\u59d4\u5ba3\u4f20\u90e8\u3001\u7701\u6587\u5316\u5c40\uff0c\u7701\u4eac\u5267\u9662\u544a\u72b6\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u662f\u539f\u9655\u897f\u4eac\u5267\u9662\u9662\u957f\u5d14\u9e3f\u6cbb\u6253\u51fb\u62a5\u590d\uff0c\u903c\u4ed6\u79bb\u5f00\u9655\u897f\u4ee5\u81f3\u5931\u4e1a\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u56de\u9655\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6253\u51fb\u62a5\u590d\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002[44]<\/p>\n

\u8212\u540c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u770b\u591a\u4e86\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u548c\u63ed\u9732\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u6c89\u9ed8\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u628a\u95ee\u9898\u629b\u7ed9\u4e86\u9655\u897f\u7701\u6587\u5316\u5c40\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u5bf9\u738b\u7389\u7530\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u67e5\u5904\u7406\u3002\u7701\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u5bf9\u738b\u7389\u7530\u7edd\u975e\u798f\u97f3\u3002\u7ed3\u8bba\u94c1\u677f\u9489\u9489\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u7f6e\u7591\uff1a\u201c\u738b\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u601d\u60f3\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u9ad8\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u4e24\u6b21\u64c5\u81ea\u79bb\u5f00\u9655\u56e2\u5728\u5916\u53c2\u52a0\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u56e0\u81ea\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u5173\u95ed\u53d6\u7f14\uff0c\u4eac\u5267\u6f14\u5458\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u7531\u6d41\u52a8\u800c\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u51b5\u4e14\u4e8b\u9694\u4e09\u5e74\u534a\u4e4b\u4e45\uff0c\u5374\u8bf4\u5c1a\u672a\u8131\u79bb\u9655\u56e2\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4ecd\u662f\u9655\u56e2\u6f14\u5458\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6781\u5176\u8352\u8c2c\u7684\u201d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u5c40\u751a\u81f3\u7ffb\u51fa\u4e86\u738b\u7389\u7530\u201c\u4e00\u8d2f\u53cd\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7eaa\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u738b\u5728\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u5360\u9886\u4e0a\u6d77\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u5f8b\u5e08\u989d\u8d3a\u4e8c\u90ce\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u9ad8\u5c71\u7b49\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u91cd\u7528\u3002\u7ecf\u989d\u8d3a\u4e8c\u90ce\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7ed9\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u65e5\u672c\u8054\u7edc\u5b98\u5b98\u4e8c\u6751\uff0c\u4efb\u5b89\u5fbd\u7701\u6e05\u4e61\u4e13\u5458\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u65e5\u672c\u8d38\u6613\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u62c5\u4efb\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u5230\u6297\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u653e\u540e\uff0c\u738b\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u6f14\u620f\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eac\u5267\u9662\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c1957\u5e74\u53f3\u6d3e\u5206\u5b50\u5411\u515a\u8fdb\u653b\uff0c\u738b\u548c\u53f3\u6d3e\u5206\u5b50\u66f9\u5b5d\u6625\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u8bec\u8511\u515a\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\uff0c\u540c\u610f\u201c\u515a\u5929\u4e0b\u201d\u4e4b\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bf4\u201c\u5916\u884c\u4e0d\u80fd\u9886\u5bfc\u5185\u884c\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u9a6c\u5217\u4e3b\u4e49\u6ca1\u6709\u9a6c\u5c41\u4e3b\u4e49\u5403\u9999\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

1958\u5e74\u8c03\u5230\u6211\u7701\u4eac\u5267\u9662\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8be5\u56e2\u4e3a\u7279\u6d3e\u6f14\u5458\u8bc4\u5b9a\u5de5\u8d44\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u6f14\u5458\u50a8\u91d1\u9e4f\u3001\u7ebd\u627f\u534e\u4e8c\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u4e89\u8bba\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u738b\u4e3a\u7ebd\u627f\u534e\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u529b\u4e89\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u50a8\u91d1\u9e4f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5c0f\u96c6\u56e2\u4e4b\u9996\u201d\u3002\u540c\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u56e2\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8083\u53cd\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u542c\u8bf4\u738b\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u6d0b\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\uff0c\u53c8\u548c\u53f3\u6d3e\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6709\u8d34\u5927\u5b57\u62a5\u8bf4\uff0c\u738b\u662f\u5426\u5f53\u8fc7\u6c49\u5978\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u53f3\u6d3e\u3002\u738b\u4fbf\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9886\u5bfc\u6709\u610f\u6392\u65a5\u4ed6\uff0c\u6253\u51fb\u4ed6\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u73b0\u6d88\u6781\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u4f5c\u98ce\u6563\u6f2b\u3002[45]<\/p>\n

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\u656c\u7231\u7684\u6c5f\u9752\u540c\u5fd7\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u6700\u9ad8\u6307\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u4eec\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u56fd\u5bb6\u5927\u4e8b\uff0c\u8981\u628a\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u8fdb\u884c\u5230\u5e95\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

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\"\u738b\u7389\u7530,\u7537,\u4eac\u5267\u51c0\u89d2.\u751f\u4e8e\u5b89\u5fbd\u829c\u6e56\u5e02\"<\/p>\n

\u4eac\u5267\u5927\u5e08\u738b\u7389\u7530<\/p>\n

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