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\u81ea12\u670816\u65e5\u6218\u6597\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u5728\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u4e61\u6751\u5c0f\u8def\u548c\u6ce5\u6cde\u7684\u539f\u91ce\u4e2d\u524d\u8fdb\u4e86100\u5343\u7c73\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u4e0a\u78be\u788e\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u6562\u4e8e\u963b\u6321\u4ed6\u4eec\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u7f8e\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u654c\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u58eb\u6c14\u88ab\u4e25\u91cd\u5730\u52a8\u6447\u4e86\uff0c\u201d\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u5e08\u957f\u8fc8\u56e0\u62c9\u5fb7\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u52b3\u8d6b\u7279(Meinrad von Lauchert)\u4e0a\u6821\u57281944\u5e7412\u670822\u65e5\u665a\u95f4\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8bfa\u7ef4\u5c14\uff08Noville\uff09\u7684\u6218\u6597\u4e2d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u906d\u9047\u4e86\u5fae\u5f31\u62b5\u6297\u2014\u2014\u5728\u7c89\u788e\u654c\u519b\u62b5\u6297\u540e\u9884\u671f\u5f88\u5feb\u5c06\u653b\u5360\u9a6c\u5c14\u4ec0\u6602\u6cd5\u6885\u8bb7\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u8fc8\u56e0\u62c9\u5fb7\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u52b3\u8d6b\u7279\u4e0a\u6821\u662f\u5fb7\u519b\u6700\u597d\u7684\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u5e08\u957f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u963f\u767b\u6218\u5f79\u6253\u54cd\u524d\u4e00\u5929\u624d\u63a5\u624b\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u5e08\u957f\u804c\u52a1\u3002\u6218\u540e\u4ed6\u57281965\u5e74\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u8457\u540d\u7535\u5f71\u300a\u5766\u514b\u5927\u51b3\u6218\u300b\uff08Battle of the Bulge\uff09\u4e2d\u62c5\u4efb\u4e86\u7279\u522b\u987e\u95ee\u3002\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\u7684\u5fb7\u65b9\u4e3b\u89d2\uff0c\u7531\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u8096(Robert Shaw)\u9970\u6f14\u7684\u5fb7\u519b\u88c5\u7532\u90e8\u961f\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u6d77\u65af\u52d2[Martin Hessler]\u4e0a\u6821\u663e\u7136\u6709\u52b3\u8d6b\u7279\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u3002\u8fc8\u56e0\u62c9\u5fb7\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u52b3\u8d6b\u7279\u4e8e1987\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u524d\uff0c\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u7ed9\u81ea\u4fe1\u6ee1\u6ee1\u7684\u7f8e\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u707e\u96be\u6027\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u59cb\u4e8e1944\u5e7412\u670816\u65e5\u51cc\u6668\uff0c\u7531\u7cbe\u6311\u7ec6\u9009\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u7a81\u51fb\u961f\u6084\u6084\u5730\u6e21\u8fc7\u5fb7\u56fd\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u4e4c\u5c14\uff08Our\uff09\u6cb3\uff0c\u5728\u591c\u5e55\u548c\u6d53\u96fe\u7684\u63a9\u62a4\u4e0b\u6e17\u900f\u8fdb\u6beb\u65e0\u9632\u5907\u7684\u7f8e\u519b\u9635\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c15\u4e2a\u5fb7\u519b\u4f5c\u6218\u5e08\u6570\u4ee5\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u540c\u6837\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u8fdb\u5165\u963f\u767b\u524d\u7ebf\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6218\u6597\u6253\u54cd\u540e\u7f8e\u519b\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u6253\u4e86\u4e2a\u63aa\u624b\u4e0d\u53ca\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5fb7\u519b\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u7684\u5766\u514b\u548c\u7a81\u51fb\u70ae\u5f00\u8fc7\u4e34\u65f6\u642d\u5efa\u7684\u6865\u6881\u3002\u5728\u8ddd\u5362\u68ee\u5821\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u8fb9\u5883\u4e0d\u52305\u5343\u7c73\u7684\u5c0f\u6751\u9a6c\u5c14\u7eb3\u8d6b\uff08Marnach\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u78be\u788e\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u652f\u7f8e\u519b\u6d3e\u6765\u5bf9\u4ed8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u88c5\u7532\u90e8\u961f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u593a\u53d6\u514b\u83b1\u97e6(Clerv\u00e9)\u6cb3\u4e0a\u7684\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u8fd9\u5ea7\u6865\u6881\u4f4d\u4e8e7\u5343\u7c73\u5916\u7684\u514b\u83b1\u6c83\uff08Clervaux\uff09\u3002\u5728\u653b\u52bf\u5f00\u59cb\u540e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6218\u6597\u4e2d\u51fb\u6bc1\u4e8660\u8f86\u7f8e\u519b\u4e2d\u578b\u548c\u8f7b\u578b\u5766\u514b\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u81ea\u8eab\u4ec5\u635f\u5931\u4e86\u6700\u591a4\u8f86\u5766\u514b\u3002\u8bd5\u56fe\u6b7b\u5b88\u514b\u83b1\u6c83\u7684\u7f8e\u519b\u7b2c28\u6b65\u5175\u5e08110\u56e2\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u519b\u8986\u6ca1\uff0c\u8be5\u56e2\u56e2\u957f\u8d6b\u5c14\u5229\u00b7\u5bcc\u52d2\uff08Hurley Fuller\uff09\u4e0a\u6821\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u7f8e\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u4e00\u8d77\u505a\u4e86\u4fd8\u864f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u77ed\u77ed48\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\uff0c\u4ece\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u4ee5\u6765\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u4ece\u80dc\u5229\u8d70\u5411\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u9646\u519b\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u6253\u8499\u4e86\uff0c\u58eb\u6c14\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5175\u60ca\u9b42\u5931\u63aa\u5730\u5411\u897f\u56db\u6563\u5954\u9003\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u5766\u514b\u7eb5\u961f\u5728\u540e\u9762\u7d27\u8ffd\u4e0d\u820d\uff0c\u6d82\u7740\u94c1\u5341\u5b57\u7684\u6218\u8f66\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u6218\u80dc\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u51b2\u5f97\u6700\u524d\u7684\u5fb7\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u5c31\u662f\u8fc8\u56e0\u62c9\u5fb7\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u52b3\u8d6b\u7279\u4e0a\u6821\u7684\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u653b\u7b2c3\u5929\uff0c\u7f8e\u519b\u7b2c9\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u6295\u5165\u9884\u5907\u961f\u8bd5\u56fe\u6321\u4f4f\u5fb7\u519b\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u6218\u6597\u4e2d\u7f8e\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u51e0\u4e4e\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u6bc1\u706d\u3002\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u7559\u4e0b45\u8f86\u718a\u718a\u71c3\u70e7\u7684\u201c\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u201d\u5766\u514b\u6b8b\u9ab8\uff0c\u4fa5\u5e78\u9003\u8131\u7684\u7f8e\u519b\u5766\u514b\u614c\u5fd9\u64a4\u9000\u3002\u7f8e\u519b\u9635\u4ea1\u5b98\u5175\u4e2d\u751a\u81f3\u5305\u62ec\u7b2c2\u5766\u514b\u8425\u8425\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u665a\uff0c\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u4f4d\u4e8e\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u4ee5\u897f4\u82f1\u91cc\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u635f\u5931\u3002\u7f8e\u519b\u53c8\u4ece\u5df4\u987f\u5c06\u519b\u7684\u7b2c3\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u6d3e\u51fa\u7b2c10\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u524d\u6765\u653b\u51fb\u5fb7\u519b\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u4fa7\u7ffc\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5386\u65f6\u4e24\u5929\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u5766\u514b\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u652f\u7f8e\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u4e5f\u8d25\u4e0b\u9635\u6765\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u8f86\u5766\u514b\u6b8b\u9ab8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u6218\u6597\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8bfa\u7ef4\u5c14\uff0c\u5df4\u65af\u6258\u6d85\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6751\u3002\u5728\u51fb\u8d25\u7f8e\u519b\u7b2c10\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6218\u6597\u7fa4\u540e\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u4ee5\u80dc\u5229\u8005\u7684\u59ff\u6001\u8fdb\u5165\u8bfa\u7ef4\u5c14\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5357\u4e0b\u593a\u53d6\u5df4\u65af\u6258\u6d85\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5fb7\u519b\u6307\u6325\u90e8\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\u51af\u00b7\u52b3\u8d6b\u7279\u7684\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u6709\u7740\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u95ea\u7535\u653b\u52bf\u7684\u77db\u5934-\u572840\u82f1\u91cc\u4ee5\u897f\u7684\u9a6c\u65af\u6cb3\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u6865\u5934\u5821\u3002\u4e00\u4efd1944\u5e7412\u670820\u65e5\u7684\u5fb7\u519b\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u79f0\u201c\u654c\u519b\u6b63\u9003\u5411\u897f\u8fb9\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u519b\u7b2c3\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u548c\u7b2c84\u6b65\u5175\u5e08\u8bd5\u56fe\u5728\u6602\u65e5\u8499\u963b\u6321\u5fb7\u519b\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\uff0c\u4f46\u6fc0\u6218\u8fc7\u540e\u8fd9\u4e24\u652f\u7f8e\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u88ab\u8feb\u64a4\u9000\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u52bf\u4e0d\u53ef\u6321\u7684\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u5de6\u7ffc\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5f17\u5229\u8328\u00b7\u62dc\u5c14\u83b1\u8335\u5c11\u5c06\u7684\u88c5\u7532\u6559\u5bfc\u5e08\u3002\u53f3\u4fa7\u662f\u5fb7\u519b\u7b2c116\u201c\u7070\u72d7\u201d\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\uff0c\u548c\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u652f\u90e8\u961f\u5411\u84b8\u6c7d\u538b\u8def\u673a\u4e00\u6837\u5411\u524d\u7a81\u8fdb\uff0c\u6cbf\u8def\u78be\u788e\u4efb\u4f55\u7f8e\u519b\u62b5\u6297\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c116\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u540c\u6837\u5728\u4e00\u5468\u5185\u524d\u8fdb\u4e8660\u82f1\u91cc\u3002\u66f4\u4e1c\u8fb9\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4e2a\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u4e5f\u5728\u524d\u8fdb\uff0cSS\u7b2c2\u201c\u5e1d\u56fd\u201d\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u548cSS\u7b2c9\u201c\u970d\u4ea8\u65af\u9676\u82ac\u201d\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u3002\u5f53\u8fdb\u653b\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fb7\u519b\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc7400\u8f86\u5766\u514b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d2\/3\u662fV\u53f7\u8c79\u5f0f\u5766\u514b-\u8fd9\u79cd\u5766\u514b\u7684\u706b\u529b\u548c\u88c5\u7532\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e8e\u897f\u7ebf\u76df\u519b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u5766\u514b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u592a\u9633\u5347\u8d77\u65f6\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u79d1\u4ea8\u8c6a\u68ee\u5728\u6602\u65e5\u8499\u7b49\u5f85\u7740\uff0c\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u5c06\u4ee5\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u8def\u7a0b\u5f00\u8fc7\u51b0\u96ea\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u5e73\u539f\u51b2\u5411\u8fea\u5357\uff08Dinant\uff09\u7684\u9a6c\u65af\u6cb3\u6865\u6881\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u636e\u6b64\u4ec5\u4ec5\u76f8\u969425\u82f1\u91cc\uff0c\u8def\u4e0a\u4ec5\u6709\u8584\u5f31\u7684\u76df\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u628a\u5b88\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u9884\u8ba1\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0812\u670823\u65e5\uff09\u5c31\u80fd\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u300212\u670822\u65e5\u665a\uff0c\u5e08\u957f\u52b3\u8d6b\u7279\u5145\u6ee1\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5730\u5411\u519b\u90e8\u62a5\u544a\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5e08\u4e3b\u529b\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u524d\u8fdb…\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5360\u9886\u7b56\u52d2\u65af\u548c\u5b54\u8339\uff08Conjoux\uff09\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u5728\u6602\u65af\u96f7\u59c6(Anseremme)\u6e21\u8fc7\u9a6c\u65af\u6cb3\u3002”<\/p>\n

1940\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u57ce\u5e02\u8272\u4e39\u8fc5\u901f\u6e21\u8fc7\u9a6c\u65af\u6cb3\uff0c\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u4ee5\u95ea\u7535\u822c\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u76df\u519b\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u8fd9\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u901a\u5f80\u82f1\u5409\u5229\u6d77\u5ce1\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u8fdc\u5f81\u519b\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u72fc\u72c8\u5730\u5728\u6566\u523b\u5c14\u514b\u901a\u8fc7\u6d77\u8def\u64a4\u9000\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u56db\u5e74\u534a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u5373\u5c06\u91cd\u590d\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u8d8a\u8fc7\u9a6c\u65af\u6cb3\uff0c\u76df\u519b\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5168\u4f53\u64a4\u5230\u9a6c\u65af\u6cb3\u897f\u5cb8\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u88ab\u5207\u65ad\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5fb7\u519b\u7b2c5\u548c\u7b2c6\u88c5\u7532\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u80fd\u591f\u51b2\u5230\u5b89\u7279\u536b\u666e\u6e2f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u82f1\/\u52a0\u519b\u7b2c21\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u7fa4\u3001\u7f8e\u519b\u7b2c1\u548c\u7b2c9\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u4f1a\u88ab\u5207\u65ad\u5728\u5317\u65b9\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u53d6\u5f97\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u751a\u81f3\u8ba91940\u5e74\u897f\u7ebf\u6218\u5f79\u7684\u8f89\u714c\u90fd\u9eef\u7136\u5931\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n

1944\u5e7412\u670822\u65e5\u665a\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8fea\u5357\u7684\u82f1\u519b\u7b2c3\u7687\u5bb6\u5766\u514b\u56e2\u63a5\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u51c6\u5907\u64a4\u5f80\u9a6c\u65af\u6cb3\u897f\u5cb83\u82f1\u91cc\u5916\u7684\u5723\u70ed\u62c9\u5c14\uff08Saint-G\u00e9ard\uff09\u3002\u901a\u5411\u9a6c\u65af\u6cb3\u7684\u5927\u8def\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f7b\u5e95\u4e3a\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff1f\u5728\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7b2c6\u4e2a\u5e74\u5934\uff0c\u81ea\u4ece\u76df\u519b\u5728\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u767b\u9646\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u51b2\u80dc\u5229\u8d70\u5411\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u89e3\u653e\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u6cd5\u56fd\u3002\u6574\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u90fd\u5728\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

1944\u5e74\u672b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u4f9b\u5e94\u7d27\u5f20\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u663e\u8457\u5730\u53d7\u5230\u8425\u517b\u8865\u7ed9\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd-\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u7d20\u8d28\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\u6709\u7740\u957f\u671f\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u6548\u679c\u3002\u52a3\u8d28\u9999\u70df\u3001\u5496\u5561\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\uff0c\u4eba\u9020\u7ea4\u7ef4\u5236\u9020\u7684\u519b\u670d\u65e2\u4e0d\u8010\u7528\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4fdd\u6696\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f3a\u9677\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e00\u540c\u7ed9\u5fb7\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u672b\u65e5\u4e34\u5934\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7f8e\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u6bd4\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u652f\u519b\u961f\u7684\u8865\u7ed9\u90fd\u8981\u5145\u8db3\u3002\u6700\u4f73\u54c1\u8d28\u7684\u9999\u70df\uff0c\u7eaf\u6b63\u7684\u5496\u5561\uff0c\u8d28\u91cf\u6700\u597d\u7684\u519b\u670d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u767e\u6218\u4f59\u751f\u7684\u5fb7\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u5f3a\u3002\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u7684\u7ea6\u963f\u897f\u59c6\u00b7\u53e4\u7279\u66fc\uff08Joachim Gutmann\uff09\u56de\u5fc6\u52301944\u5e7412\u6708\u5fb7\u519b\u58eb\u6c14\u9ad8\u6602-\u751a\u81f3\u201c\u6bd4\u6218\u4e89\u521d\u671f\u66f4\u9ad8\u201d\u3002B\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u7fa4\u7684\u8d56\u5e0c\u9ed1\u5c14\u59c6(Reichhelm)\u4e2d\u6821\u5728\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u519b\u7ea7\u548c\u5e08\u7ea7\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u4e9b\u56e2\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u51e0\u5929\u68c0\u67e5\u540e\u4e5f\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\u201c\u8fdb\u653b\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u58eb\u6c14\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6602\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u548c\u6240\u6709\u5fb7\u56fd\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u7532\u56e2\u3001\u4e24\u4e2a\u88c5\u7532\u63b7\u5f39\u5175\u56e2\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u70ae\u5175\u56e2\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5175\u8425\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5766\u514b\u70ae\u8425\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u70ae\u8425\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8425\u3002\u8be5\u5e08\u5728\u6218\u6597\u6253\u54cd\u524d\u768412\u670814\u65e5\u670914400\u4eba\uff0c28\u8f86\u2163\u53f7\u5766\u514b\u300159\u8f86\u8c79\u5f0f\u5766\u514b\u30015\u8f86\u8c79\u5f0f\u5766\u514b\u6307\u6325\u578b\u300147\u8f86\u2162\u53f7\u7a81\u51fb\u70ae\u30011\u8f86\u2163\u53f7\u5766\u514b\u6b7c\u51fb\u8f66\u30014\u8f86\u56db\u7ba120\u6beb\u7c73\u81ea\u884c\u9ad8\u70ae\u30014\u8f8637\u6beb\u7c73\u81ea\u884c\u9ad8\u70ae\u30013\u8f8638\uff08t\uff09\u81ea\u884c\u9ad8\u70ae\u30013\u8f86\u70ae\u5175\u89c2\u5bdf\u5766\u514b\u300134\u8f86\u8f7b\u578b\u534a\u5c65\u5e26\u8f66\u3001165\u8f86\u4e2d\u578b\u534a\u5c65\u5e26\u8f66\u300110\u95e8\u8f7b\u578b\u69b4\u5f39\u70ae\u548c5\u95e8\u4e2d\u578b\u69b4\u5f39\u70ae\u3002\u800c\u66fc\u6258\u83f2\u5c14\u6574\u4e2a\u7b2c5\u88c5\u7532\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u4ec5\u6709212\u8f86\u5766\u514b\uff08125\u8f86\u201c\u9ed1\u8c79\u201d\u300187\u8f86\u2163\u53f7\u5766\u514b\uff09\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u519b\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u8fd8\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5415\u7279\u7ef4\u8328\u5c06\u519b\u7684\u7b2c47\u88c5\u7532\u519b\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u7b2c5\u88c5\u7532\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u7684\u6700\u5357\u7aef\uff0c\u4e4c\u5c14\u6cb3\u4e1c\u5cb8\u7684\u524d\u7ebf\u957f\u8fbe6\u82f1\u91cc\u3002\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8fbe\u65af\u5821\uff08Dasburg\uff09\u7684\u6e21\u6cb3\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u88c5\u7532\u6559\u5bfc\u5e08\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7a0d\u5fae\u9760\u5357\u7684Obereisenbach\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u519b\u7684\u4e00\u652f\u8001\u724c\u52b2\u65c5\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u6253\u54cd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5929\u5c31\u53c2\u52a0\u6218\u6597\u30021940\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u5f53\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u519b\u961f\u5728\u897f\u7ebf\u53d1\u52a8\u95ea\u7535\u6218\u65f6-\u8fd9\u652f\u90e8\u961f\u5728\u7ef4\u5b89\u767b\uff08Vianden\uff09\u6e21\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e4c\u5c14\u6cb3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\u56db\u5e74\u534a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u51c6\u5907\u7740\u8de8\u8fc7\u540c\u4e00\u6761\u6cb3\u6d41\u8fdb\u884c\u65b0\u7684\u201c\u897f\u7ebf\u6218\u5f79\u201d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba11944\u5e74\u590f\u5929\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u635f\u5931\u60e8\u91cd\uff0c\u4f46\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5b9e\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51af\u00b7\u66fc\u9640\u83f2\u5c14\u57281944\u5e7412\u670816\u65e5\u5bf9\u8be5\u5e08\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u662f\u201c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u8fdb\u653b\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u201d\u5e08\u957f\u662f\u66fc\u9640\u83f2\u5c14\u4eb2\u81ea\u4efb\u547d\u768439\u5c81\u7684\u8fc8\u56e0\u62c9\u5fb7\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u52b3\u8d6b\u7279\u4e0a\u6821\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ed6\u4e3a\u201c\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u4e1c\u7ebf\u6218\u573a\u6218\u6597\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002\u201d\u52b3\u8d6b\u7279\u5728\u5f00\u6218\u7684\u5f53\u5929\u5c31\u5728\u524d\u7ebf\u6218\u6597\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52b3\u8d6b\u7279\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c4\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u8425\u957f\u53c2\u52a0\u4e861940\u5e745\u6708\u7684\u897f\u7ebf\u8fdb\u653b\u6218\u5f79\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4e1c\u7ebf\u6218\u573a\u670d\u5f79\u4e86\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6a61\u53f6\u9970\u9a91\u58eb\u5341\u5b57\u52cb\u7ae0\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d44\u6df1\u88c5\u7532\u90e8\u961f\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c1943\u5e74\u590f\u5929\u4ed6\u6307\u6325\u7740\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u8c79\u5f0f\u5766\u514b\u56e2\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u5e93\u5c14\u65af\u514b\u6218\u5f79\u30021944\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u6210\u529f\u5730\u6307\u6325\u7740\u4e00\u652f\u4e34\u65f6\u62fc\u51d1\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u4e1c\u666e\u9c81\u58eb\u9632\u5fa1\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u52b3\u8d6b\u7279\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u5728\u963f\u767b\u653b\u52bf\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u8fdb\u653b\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u5929\u624d\u63a5\u4efb\u4e86\u5e08\u957f\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e92\u76f8\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fd8\u6bd4\u8f83\u964c\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u58eb\u5175\u548c\u519b\u5b98\u7684\u4f18\u79c0\u7d20\u8d28\u80fd\u591f\u5f25\u8865\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u540e\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5e74\u9f84\u4e0d\u5c0f\u7684\u56e2\u957f\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u7f8e\u519b\u7b2c8\u519b\u5728\u5fb7\u519b\u6700\u521d\u7684\u653b\u52bf\u4e2d\u6700\u5177\u8fdc\u89c1\u7684\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u7b2c110\u6b65\u5175\u56e2\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5347\u7ea7\u4e3a\u56e2\u7ea7\u6218\u6597\u90e8\u961f\uff08110RCT\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5305\u62ec\u5766\u514b\u5728\u5185\u7684\u652f\u63f4\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u6574\u652f\u90e8\u961f\u6709\u8d85\u8fc75000\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u6807\u51c6\u7f8e\u519b\u6b65\u5175\u56e2\u53ea\u67093000\u4eba\u591a\u70b9\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u65b0\u5175\u52a0\u5165\u90e8\u961f\u8865\u5145\u4e4b\u524d\u906d\u53d7\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u4f46\u8865\u5145\u7684\u65b0\u5175\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u5c31\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u8ba9\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bcc\u52d2\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u8eab\u540e15\u82f1\u91cc\u5916\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u53eb\u5df4\u65af\u6258\u6d85\u7684\u5c0f\u9547-\u8fd9\u662f\u901a\u5411\u9a6c\u65af\u6cb3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9053\u8def\u67a2\u7ebd\u3002\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u62ff\u4e0b\u5df4\u65af\u6258\u6d85\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u843d\u5728\u4e86\u5415\u7279\u7ef4\u8328\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u88c5\u7532\u519b\u80a9\u4e0a\u3002\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5df4\u65af\u6258\u6d85\u4e1c\u5317\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u9762\u524d\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u7f8e\u4e3d\u800c\u5e73\u5766\u7684\u519c\u7530\u30021940\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u6b63\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u7528\u95ea\u7535\u6218\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u897f\u6b27\u3002<\/p>\n

1944\u5e7412\u670816\u65e5\u51cc\u6668\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u51e0\u4e2a\u753180\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7a81\u51fb\u8fde\u5c06\u6a61\u80f6\u51b2\u950b\u821f\u63a8\u8fdb\u4e4c\u5c14\u6cb3\u51b0\u51b7\u7684\u6cb3\u6c34\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u5b89\u9759\u7684\u6e17\u900f\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u58eb\u5175\u6765\u81ea\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e0838\u5de5\u5175\u8425\u548c\u7b2c304\u88c5\u7532\u63b7\u5f39\u5175\u56e22\u8425\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u7531\u4e8e\u5b9e\u529b\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8fc7\u4e8e\u60ac\u6b8a\uff0c\u201cDutch\u201d\u79d1\u5854(Cota)\u5c11\u5c06\u7684\u7b2c28\u6b65\u5175\u5e08\u5728\u8702\u62e5\u800c\u6765\u7684\u5fb7\u519b\u9762\u524d\u663e\u5f97\u6447\u6447\u6b32\u5760\u3002\u7b2c112\u6b65\u5175\u56e2\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5929\u52c9\u5f3a\u6321\u4f4f\u4e86\u7b2c560\u56fd\u6c11\u63b7\u5f39\u5175\u5e08\u548c\u7b2c116\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\u3002<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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1944\u5e7412\u670816\u65e5\u5728\u827e\u8d39\u5c14\u5730\u533a\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u6218\u6597\u662f\u6570\u91cf\u5904\u4e8e\u7edd\u5bf9\u52a3\u52bf\u7684\u7f8e\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u5728\u4f18\u52bf\u5fb7\u519b\u9762\u524d\u575a\u51b3\u62b5\u6297\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u5fb7\u519b\u9884\u671f\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u4e22\u76d4\u5f03\u7532\u5730\u4ed3\u7687\u9003\u7a9c\u3002\u7f8e\u519b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5c42\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5fb7\u519b\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u53cd\u51fb\u53cd\u5e94\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u9519\u8fc7\u4e86\u6295\u5165\u589e\u63f4\u90e8\u961f\u62b5\u6321\u5fb7\u519b\u8fdb\u653b\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u673a\u300216\u65e5\u665a\uff0c\u7b2c5\u88c5\u7532\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u8fbe\u65af\u5821\u548c\u6d1b\u897f\u59c6-\u683c\u62c9\u672c\uff08Losheimer-Graben\uff09\u8fbe\u6210\u6218\u5f79\u7a81\u7834\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6fc0\u6218\u4e4b\u540e\u88ab\u6467\u6bc1\u7684\u7f8e\u519b\u8f66\u8f86\uff0c\u5de6\u8fb9\u662f\u4e00\u8f86M3\u534a\u5c65\u5e26\u88c5\u7532\u8f66\uff0c\u53f3\u4fa7\u662f\u4e00\u8f86\u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279\u5766\u514b<\/p>\n

1944\u5e7412\u670817\u65e5\u7684\u5929\u6c14\u6bd4\u524d\u4e00\u5929\u597d\u4e9b\uff0c\u4e91\u5c42\u4f9d\u65e7\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6e29\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u96f6\u4e0a2-3\u5ea6\uff0c\u96fe\u6c14\u6d88\u6563\uff0c\u96e8\u96ea\u4ea4\u52a0\u3002\u7b2c116\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u7684\u65bd\u7279\u51e1(Stephan)\u6218\u6597\u7fa4\uff08\u88c5\u7532\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8425\u3001\u70ae\u5175\u8425\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u70ae\u8fde\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u706b\u7bad\u70ae\u8fde\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u2162\u53f7\u7a81\u51fb\u70ae\u8fde\uff09\u53d7\u547d\u5357\u4e0b\u5728\u8fbe\u65af\u5821\u6e21\u6cb3\uff0c\u8ddf\u5728\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u7684\u540e\u65b9\u524d\u8fdb\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u98ce\u666f\u5982\u753b\u7684\u5362\u68ee\u5821\u5c0f\u9547\u514b\u83b1\u6c83\u4f4d\u4e8e\u514b\u83b1\u97e6\u6cb3\u6cb3\u8c37\u7684\u9ad8\u5c71\u68ee\u6797\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6cb3\u6d41\u8f6c\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2aU\u578b\u6025\u5f2f\u3002\u5f2f\u66f2\u7684\u6cb3\u6d41\u73af\u7ed5\u7740\u5c0f\u9547\u4e2d\u592e\u5dcd\u5ce8\u7684\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u57ce\u5821\u3002\u514b\u83b1\u97e6\u6cb3\u6cb3\u4e0a\u6709\u51e0\u5ea7\u575a\u56fa\u7684\u6865\u6881\uff0c\u9547\u91cc\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u706b\u8f66\u7ad9\uff0c\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5357\u5317\u67a2\u7ebd\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u7f8e\u519b\u51b3\u5b9a\u575a\u5b88\u3002\u5bcc\u52d2\u4e0a\u6821\u7b80\u77ed\u5730\u4e0b\u4ee4\u4e0d\u60dc\u4e00\u5207\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5b88\u4f4f\u5c0f\u9547\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u54c8\u52d2\u65af\u00b7B\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3(Harles\u00b7B\u00b7MacDonald)\u79f050\u5c81\u7684\u5bcc\u52d2\u4e0a\u6821\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u574f\u813e\u6c14\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u52a0\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7684\u8001\u5175\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u767b\u9646\u65e5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\u4e0a\u5cb8\uff0c\u6307\u6325\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b65\u5175\u56e2\u3002\u4f46\u5341\u5929\u4e4b\u540e\u4ed6\u5374\u56e0\u4e3a\u672a\u80fd\u8fbe\u6210\u8fdb\u653b\u76ee\u6807\u800c\u88ab\u89e3\u804c\u4e86\u3002\u76f4\u52301944\u5e7411\u6708\u4ed6\u624d\u518d\u6b21\u5f53\u4e0a\u56e2\u957f\uff0c\u6307\u6325\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u2019Dutch\u2019\u79d1\u5854\u7684\u7b2c28\u6b65\u5175\u5e08\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7684\u7b2c110\u6b65\u5175\u56e2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6253\u7b97\u575a\u5b88\u514b\u83b1\u6c83\u7684\u5bcc\u52d2\u56e2\u957f\u624b\u4e0b\u7684\u5175\u529b\u5b9e\u529b\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u961f\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u51dd\u805a\u529b\uff1a\u65e9\u4e0a\u906d\u9047\u6218\u4e2d\u5e78\u5b58\u76842\u8f86\u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279\u5766\u514b\u3001\u7b2c707\u5766\u514b\u8425\u548c\u7b2c110\u56e2\u7ea7\u6218\u6597\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u6b8b\u4f59\u90e8\u961f\u3001\u7b2c630\u5766\u514b\u6b7c\u51fb\u8425\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u65b0\u5230\u6765\u7684\u7b2c9\u88c5\u7532\u5e082\u8425B\u8fde\u768419\u8f86\u201c\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u201d\u5766\u514b\u3002\u5e08\u957f\u79d1\u5854\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f3a\u8c03\u6b7b\u5b88\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u751a\u81f3\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u201c\u4e0d\u8bb8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u9003\u56de\u6765\uff01\uff08No one comes back!\uff09\u201d\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u6b63\u662f\u540e\u6765\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5199\u7167\u3002<\/p>\n

12\u670817\u65e5\u65e9\u4e0a9:30\uff0c\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u7684\u8fdb\u653b\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u3002\u7b2c38\u88c5\u7532\u6b7c\u51fb\u84251\u8fde\u76846\u8f86\u2162\u53f7\u7a81\u51fb\u70ae\u572830\u8f86\u88c5\u7532\u8fd0\u8f93\u8f66\u642d\u8f7d\u7684\u88c5\u7532\u63b7\u5f39\u5175\u7684\u4f34\u968f\u4e0b\u4ece\u5c0f\u9547\u5357\u65b9\u957f\u6ee1\u6742\u8349\u7684\u4e0b\u5761\u8def\u51b2\u5411\u514b\u83b1\u6c83\u3002\u5f53\u5929\u80fd\u89c1\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u8b66\u62a5\u540e\uff0c\u7b2c707\u5766\u514b\u8425\u76845\u8f86\u5728\u72ed\u7a84\u5f2f\u9053\u540e\u65b9\u5360\u636e\u4f0f\u51fb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u201c\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u201d\u5766\u514b\u8f66\u7ec4\u8fc5\u901f\u4f5c\u597d\u6218\u6597\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e24\u8f86\u2162\u53f7\u7a81\u51fb\u70ae\u5f88\u5feb\u88ab\u51fb\u4e2d\u8d77\u706b\u3002\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7a81\u51fb\u70ae\u8f66\u7ec4\u8fc5\u901f\u8fd8\u51fb\uff0c\u6253\u63893\u8f86\u201c\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u201d\u5766\u514b\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u51fb\u6bc1\u7684\u8f66\u8f86\u5f7b\u5e95\u6321\u4f4f\u4e86\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u5fb7\u519b\u51b3\u5b9a\u7ed5\u5230\u5c0f\u9547\u5317\u8fb9\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c0f\u9547\u5317\u90e8\u706b\u8f66\u7ad9\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6865\u6881\u8fdb\u653b\u5c0f\u9547\u3002\u4f46\u5fb7\u519b\u53c8\u5728\u534a\u8def\u8fce\u5934\u649e\u4e0a\u4e86\u7b2c9\u88c5\u7532\u5e082\u8425B\u8fde\u7684\u201c\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u201d\u5766\u514b\u548c\u7b2c630\u5766\u514b\u6b7c\u51fb\u8425\u7684\u53cd\u5766\u514b\u70ae\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6218\u6597\u4e00\u5ea6\u9677\u5165\u50f5\u5c40\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u8d76\u6765\u7684\u7b2c3\u88c5\u7532\u56e22\u8425\u4e24\u4e2a\u6392\u7684\u2163\u53f7\u5766\u514b\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5c40\u52bf\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6218\u6597\u529b\u4e0d\u5982\u91cd\u88c5\u7532\u7684\u8c79\u5f0f\u5766\u514b\uff0c\u4f46\u8001\u800c\u5f25\u575a\u7684\u2163\u53f7\u5766\u514b\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u6218\u6597\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u6297\u7f8e\u519b\u5927\u91cf\u88c5\u5907\u7684M4\u201c\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u201d\u4e2d\u578b\u5766\u514b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u514b\u83b1\u6c83\u7684\u6218\u6597\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u88ab\u51fb\u6bc1\u7684\u2162\u53f7\u7a81\u51fb\u70ae\u548c\u201c\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u201d\u5766\u514b<\/p>\n

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\u62c2\u6653\u65f6\u5206\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7684\u63b7\u5f39\u5175\u8d70\u4e0b\u5bc6\u5e03\u6811\u6797\u7684\u5c71\u5761\u6765\u5230\u706b\u8f66\u7ad9\u7684\u4e1c\u8fb9\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5728\u51b0\u51b7\u7684\u6cb3\u6c34\u4e2d\u6d89\u6c34\u8fc7\u6cb3\u8fdb\u653b\u5bf9\u5cb8\u7684\u706b\u8f66\u7ad9\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5219\u51b2\u4e0a\u6cb3\u6d41\u4e0a\u7684\u6865\u6881\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6b21\u8fdb\u653b\u5b8c\u5168\u51fa\u4e4e\u5b88\u519b\u610f\u6599\uff0c\u706b\u8f66\u7ad9\u548c\u6865\u6881\u5f88\u5feb\u843d\u5165\u5fb7\u519b\u4e4b\u624b\u3002\u63b7\u5f39\u5175\u4eec\u7acb\u5373\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u901a\u77e5\u540e\u65b9\u7684\u2163\u53f7\u5766\u514b\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5766\u514b\u5c31\u5f00\u4e0b\u5c71\u5761\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u521a\u521a\u62ff\u4e0b\u7684\u6865\u6881\u8fc7\u6cb3\u4e86\u3002\u2163\u53f7\u5766\u514b\u7fa4\u7ee7\u7eed\u6cbf\u7740Grand Rue\u5927\u8857\u51b2\u5411\u57ce\u9547\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u4e0a\u67aa\u70ae\u9f50\u9e23\uff0c\u706b\u529b\u5168\u5f00\u3002\u5728\u6765\u81ea\u8eab\u540e\u7684\u6253\u51fb\u4e0b\uff0c\u731d\u4e0d\u53ca\u9632\u7684\u5b88\u519b\u77ac\u95f4\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7528\u4e00\u540d\u7f8e\u519b\u8001\u5175\u54c8\u52d2\u65af\u00b7B\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\u201c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5728\u4e34\u65f6\u62fc\u51d1\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c11\u89c1\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u58eb\u5175\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u90e8\u961f\u5fe0\u8bda\u5ea6\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u5c0f\u9547\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u6865\u6881\u4e5f\u843d\u5165\u5fb7\u519b\u4e4b\u624b\u3002\u5bcc\u52d2\u4e0a\u6821\u7684\u6307\u6325\u90e8\u6b63\u597d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5728\u706b\u8f66\u7ad9\u65c1\u8fb9\uff0c\u773c\u89c1\u5f62\u52bf\u5371\u6025\u4ed6\u7acb\u5373\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u7ed9\u5e08\u957f\u79d1\u5854\u5c11\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u64a4\u9000\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5168\u519b\u8986\u6ca1\uff0c\u4f46\u8bf7\u6c42\u88ab\u5426\u51b3\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

6\uff1a30\uff0c\u6307\u6325\u90e8\u4e2d\u7684\u7f8e\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u53c8\u770b\u89c1\u53e6\u4e00\u5927\u7fa4\u5fb7\u519b\u5766\u514b-\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u662f\u7b2c3\u88c5\u7532\u56e21\u8425\u7684\u8c79\u5f0f\u5766\u514b-\u6b63\u5f00\u5411\u514b\u83b1\u6c83\uff0c\u4ed6\u518d\u6b21\u62e8\u901a\u7b2c28\u6b65\u5175\u5e08\u6307\u6325\u90e8\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u8bf7\u6c42\u64a4\u9000\uff0c\u4f46\u79d1\u5854\u7684\u53c2\u8c0b\u957f\u6770\u897f\u00b7L\u00b7\u5409\u5e03\u5c3c(Jesse L. Gibney)\u4e0a\u6821\u53ea\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u4e86\u79d1\u5854\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u4eba\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5bcc\u52d2\u60f3\u8d77\u4e861835-1836\u5e74\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u4f20\u5947\u822c\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u83ab\u4e4b\u6218\u3002\u5f53\u65f6200\u4eba\u7684\u7f8e\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u5728\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u7279\u62c9\u7ef4\u65af(William Travis)\u4e2d\u6821\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u5bf9\u62972000\u4eba\u7684\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u4e86\u6574\u657413\u5929\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bcc\u52d2\u540e\u6765\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\u201c\u6211\u544a\u8bc9\u5409\u5e03\u5c3c\u4e0a\u6821\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u8f6c\u544a\u6211\u5c06\u519b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u522b\u65e0\u9009\u62e9\u53ea\u80fd\u2018\u6b7b\u5b88\u5230\u5e95\u2019\u3002\u6211\u544a\u77e5\u4ed6\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u548c100\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u8eab\u5904\u963f\u62c9\u83ab\u7684\u7279\u62c9\u7ef4\u65af\u4e2d\u6821\u4e00\u6837\u2018\u6211\u4eec\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u64a4\u9000\u6216\u6295\u964d\u3002\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u8fd8\u6ca1\u7b49\u5bcc\u52d2\u8bf4\u5b8c\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u53c8\u8d77\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6b63\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7ee7\u7eed\u901a\u8bdd\u65f6\uff0c\u5916\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u8f86\u5fb7\u519b\u5766\u514b\u671d\u6307\u6325\u90e8\u8fde\u5f00\u4e09\u70ae\uff0c\u70ae\u5f39\u98de\u8fdb\u6211\u697c\u4e0b\u7684S-1\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd9\u8f86\u5766\u514b\u6b63\u505c\u5728\u6307\u6325\u90e8\u524d\u65b915\u82f1\u5c3a\u5904\u3002\u53c2\u8c0b\u957f\u5fd9\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7206\u70b8\u58f0\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u56de\u4e8b\u3002\u6211\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ed6\u7acb\u523b\u7528\u5361\u8f66\u5c06G\u8fde\u9001\u5230Eselborn\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u6211\u5c06\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6c47\u5408\uff0c\u53c2\u8c0b\u4eba\u5458\u5c06\u5e26\u9886\u4ed6\u4eec\u524d\u5f80\u6211\u60f3\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u53c2\u8c0b\u957f\u8fd8\u60f3\u8bf4\u4e9b\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u65f6\u95f4\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4e86\u968f\u540e\u6302\u65ad\u7535\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u547d\u4ee4\u63a5\u7ebf\u5458\u8054\u7cfb2\u8425\u8425\u90e8\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u673a\u67aa\u5b50\u5f39\u5c04\u5165\u6211\u7684\u623f\u95f4\uff0c\u5b50\u5f39\u6253\u5728\u5929\u82b1\u677f\uff0c\u5899\u7070\u56db\u5904\u6563\u843d\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5766\u514b\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5916\u9762\u5f00\u706b\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u6211\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u901a\u7535\u8bdd\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5bcc\u52d2\u4e0a\u6821\u7684\u6307\u6325\u90e8\u8bbe\u5728H\u00f4tel Le Claravallis\uff0c\u8fd9\u680b\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u9762\u5bf9\u7740\u514b\u83b1\u97e6\u6cb3\u6cb3\u897f\u5cb8\u3002\u5bcc\u52d2\u548c\u5c11\u6570\u7f8e\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u8df3\u51fa\u65c5\u9986\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7a97\u6237\u9003\u8dd1\u3002\u968f\u540e\u4ed6\u4eec\u9762\u524d\u662f\u51e0\u4e4e\u5782\u76f4\u8fd1150\u82f1\u5c3a\u7684\u9661\u5ced\u60ac\u5d16\uff0c\u5ced\u58c1\u4e0a\u51ff\u6709\u53ef\u4f9b\u6500\u767b\u7684\u5c0f\u5751\uff0c\u5bcc\u52d2\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u8270\u96be\u5730\u722c\u4e0a\u60ac\u5d16\uff0c\u7d2f\u5f97\u7b4b\u75b2\u529b\u5c3d\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u542c\u89c1\u5c0f\u9547\u4e2d\u7684\u67aa\u70ae\u58f0\u6e10\u6e10\u5e73\u606f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u5fb7\u519b\u8c79\u5f0f\u5766\u514b\u5f00\u8fdb\u5c0f\u9547\u4e2d\u5fc3\u540e\uff0c\u5468\u56f4\u597d\u51e0\u5904\u623f\u5c4b\u8fd8\u5728\u71c3\u70e7\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5b88\u519b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6295\u964d\u4e86\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5fb7\u519b\u8fd8\u6467\u6bc1\u6216\u7f34\u83b7\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7f8e\u519b\u91cd\u88c5\u5907\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u57ce\u5821\u91cc\u8fd8\u6709\u5927\u7ea6100\u540d\u7f8e\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u5728\u7b2c110\u56e2\u7ea7\u6218\u6597\u90e8\u961f\u4fe1\u53f7\u5b98\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u827e\u80af(John\u00b7Aiken)\u4e0a\u5c09\u548c\u56e2\u6307\u6325\u90e8\u8fde\u8fde\u957f\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u00b7\u9ea6\u57fa(Clark\u00b7Mackey)\u4e0a\u5c09\u7684\u6307\u6325\u4e0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u6218\u6597\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u53c8\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u8fd1\u4e00\u5929\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7f8e\u519b\u53ef\u4ee5\u671d\u4efb\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u514b\u83b1\u6c83\u7684\u5fb7\u519b\u8f66\u8f86\u5f00\u706b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u6709\u88c5\u7532\u8f66\u8f86\u624d\u80fd\u6beb\u53d1\u65e0\u635f\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5fb7\u519b\u5927\u91cf\u88c5\u5907\u7684\u88c5\u7532\u8fd0\u5175\u8f66\u662fSdkfz 251\u578b\u534a\u5c65\u5e26\u8f66\uff0c\u88c5\u7532\u6700\u539a\u5904\u670914.5\u6beb\u7c73\uff0c\u8db3\u591f\u62b5\u8fbe\u8f7b\u6b66\u5668\u5c04\u51fb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f66\u8f86\u9876\u90e8\u655e\u5f00\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6562\u5192\u7740\u57ce\u5821\u5185\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u706b\u529b\u5750\u7740\u534a\u5c65\u5e26\u88c5\u7532\u8f66\u901a\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u519b\u5728\u514b\u83b1\u6c83\u4e4b\u6218\u4e2d\u635f\u5931\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u51c6\u786e\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5bcc\u52d2\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u79f0\u7b2c110\u56e2\u7ea7\u6218\u6597\u90e8\u961f\u5728\u6700\u521d\u7684\u51e0\u5929\u5185\u635f\u5931\u4e862750\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u662f\u5728\u514b\u83b1\u6c83\u635f\u5931\u7684\u672a\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c103\u6218\u6597\u5de5\u5175\u8425B\u8fde\u4f24\u4ea1\u7387\u9ad8\u8fbe100%\uff0c\u5168\u519b\u8986\u6ca1\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c109\u91ce\u6218\u70ae\u5175\u8425\u635f\u5931\u4e86\u7ea6100\u4eba\u3002\u7b2c110\u56e2\u7ea7\u6218\u6597\u90e8\u961f\u8fd8\u635f\u5931\u4e86\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8f66\u8f86\u548c6\u95e8\u70ae\u5175\u8fde\u7684\u69b4\u5f39\u70ae\u3002\u7b2c630\u5766\u514b\u6b7c\u51fb\u8425\u572812\u670817\u65e5\u635f\u5931\u4e86\u539f\u670936\u95e8\u53cd\u5766\u514b\u70ae\u4e2d\u768430\u95e8\u3002<\/p>\n

12\u670817\u65e5\u65e9\u4e0a\u7b2c707\u5766\u514b\u8425\u539f\u670934\u8f86\u201c\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u201d\u548c18\u8f86\u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279\u5766\u514b\uff0c24\u5c0f\u65f6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7b2c707\u5766\u514b\u8425\u7684A\u3001B\u548cD\u8fde\uff08C\u8fde\u672a\u53c2\u52a0\u548c\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u7684\u6218\u6597\uff09\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b6\u8f86\u53d7\u635f\u7684\u5766\u514b\uff0c\u8fd8\u67095\u8f86\u5766\u514b\u6b7c\u51fb\u8f66\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b8b\u4f59\u8f66\u8f86\u8fc5\u901f\u64a4\u5230\u5357\u65b9\u7684\u7ef4\u5c14\u8328\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c9\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u7b2c2\u5766\u514b\u8425B\u8fde\u540c\u6837\u635f\u5931\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u635f\u5931\u4e8614\u8f86\u201c\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u201d\u548c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8f66\u7ec4\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u963f\u767b\u6218\u5f79\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5766\u514b\u6218\u8ba9\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u7f8e\u519b\u635f\u5931\u4e86\u8fd160\u8f86\u5404\u578b\u5766\u514b\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u53ea\u635f\u5931\u4e864\u8f86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u548c\u5c0f\u80a1\u58eb\u5175\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5bcc\u52d2\u4e0a\u6821\u7a7f\u8fc7\u6811\u6797\u548c\u539f\u91ce\u8bd5\u56fe\u56de\u5230\u53cb\u519b\u9632\u7ebf\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e00\u58ee\u4e3e\uff0c\u547d\u8fd0\u7ed9\u8fd9\u540d\u8001\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u56e2\u957f\u5b89\u6392\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e76\u4e0d\u5149\u5f69\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40\uff1a\u4e24\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u7fa4\u53c8\u7d2f\u53c8\u997f\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u5bc6\u6797\u4e2d\u95ef\u8fdb\u4e00\u5904\u5fb7\u519b\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u7684\u5bbf\u8425\u5730\u3002\u5bcc\u52d2\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540e\u8111\u52fa\u53d7\u4e86\u91cd\u91cd\u4e00\u51fb\uff0c\u5f53\u9192\u6765\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f53\u4e86\u4fd8\u864f\u3002<\/p>\n

12\u670818\u65e5\u65e9\u6668\uff0c\u5728\u514b\u83b1\u6c83\u897f\u5357\u65b9\u5411\u970d\u8f9b\u6839\u7684\u5fb7\u519b\u7ec8\u4e8e\u7a81\u7834\u7f8e\u519b\u9632\u7ebf\uff0c\u6293\u83b7\u4e86320\u540d\u7f8e\u519b\u4fd8\u864f\u3002\u62dc\u5c14\u83b1\u8335\u5c06\u519b\u7684\u88c5\u7532\u6559\u5bfc\u5e08\u7ec8\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u524d\u8fdb\u4e86\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6b64\u524d\u7f8e\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9887\u4e3a\u987d\u5f3a\u7684\u62b5\u6297\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u58eb\u6c14\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u6253\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u7fa4\u8d25\u5175\u6beb\u65e0\u79e9\u5e8f\u5730\u5411\u897f\u6d8c\u53bb\u3002\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7E\u00b7\u97e6\u5f17(Michael\u00b7E\u00b7Weaver)\u5728\u7b2c28\u6b65\u5175\u5e08\u7684\u6218\u53f2\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5f88\u591a\u58eb\u5175\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u9003\u79bb\u6218\u6597\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u9003\u5f80\u5df4\u65af\u6258\u6d85\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u80fd\u907f\u5f00\u5fb7\u519b\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u7b2c101\u7a7a\u964d\u5e08\u7684\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u4f2f\u5409\u7279(Donald Burgett)\u5217\u5175\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ed6\u9047\u5230\u8d25\u5175\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b65\u4f10\u8e52\u8dda\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u6d51\u8eab\u53d1\u6296\uff0c\u65e0\u795e\u7684\u773c\u775b\u76f4\u76f4\u5730\u77aa\u7740\u524d\u65b9\uff0c\u5634\u91cc\u542b\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\u5730\u5583\u5583\u81ea\u8bed\uff0c\u5c06\u9053\u8def\u6321\u5f97\u6b7b\u6b7b\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4ece\u6ca1\u89c1\u8fc7\u5982\u6b64\u6050\u60e7\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4efd\u7f8e\u519b\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u201c\u51e0\u767e\u540d\u88ab\u6253\u6563\u7684\u8d25\u5175\u5c06\u9053\u8def\u5835\u4f4f\u4e86\u2026\u201d\u4e00\u652f\u70ae\u5175\u90e8\u961f\u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u70ae\u6254\u5728\u9053\u8def\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u519b\u5b98\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u547d\u4ee4\u4ed6\u4eec\u56de\u53bb\u62c9\u8d70\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5927\u70ae\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u519b\u7684\u5927\u6e83\u8d25\u8fd8\u7ed9\u5f53\u5730\u5e73\u6c11\u5e26\u6765\u6050\u614c\u3002\u5e73\u6c11\u4eec\u614c\u5fd9\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d22\u7269\u88c5\u4e0a\u9a6c\u8f66\u548c\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\uff0c\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u8270\u82e6\u8dcb\u6d89\u3002\u96e8\u96ea\u548c\u6d78\u6c34\u7684\u6ce5\u8def\u3001\u5468\u56f4\u79ef\u6c34\u7684\u539f\u91ce\u3001\u70ae\u706b\u7684\u8f70\u9e23\u58f0\u3001\u94c5\u7070\u8272\u7684\u5929\u7a7a\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e00\u666f\u8c61\u5e26\u6765\u60b2\u5267\u6027\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96be\u6c11\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u6751\u5e84\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u60ca\u614c\u5931\u63aa\u5730\u9003\u4ea1\u300212\u670818\u65e5\u8fd9\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u4eba\u7fa4\u6d8c\u8fdb\u4e86\u5df4\u65af\u6258\u6d85\u7684\u8857\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u544a\u8bc9\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u201c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u4f1a\u70e7\u6389\u4ed6\u4eec\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u6751\u5e84\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c5\u88c5\u7532\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u7684\u5357\u7ffc\uff0c\u5728\u51fb\u6e83\u7f8e\u519b\u6700\u521d\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u540e\u5fb7\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u524d\u8fdb\u901f\u5ea6\u52a0\u5feb\u4e86\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540e\u65b9\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u5835\u585e\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u5fb7\u519b\u8fdb\u653b\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u7b2c3\u5929\u540e\uff0c\u79d1\u5854\u5c11\u5c06\u7684\u7b2c28\u6b65\u5175\u5e08\u51e0\u4e4e\u88ab\u6d88\u706d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u7b2c110\u56e2\u7ea7\u6218\u6597\u90e8\u961f\u548c\u7b2c707\u5766\u514b\u8425\u5728\u514b\u83b1\u6c83\u88ab\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6b7c\u706d\u4e86\uff1b\u5de6\u7ffc\u7684\u7b2c112\u6b65\u5175\u56e2\u88ab\u7b2c116\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u903c\u9000\uff0c\u53f3\u7ffc\u7684\u7b2c109\u6b65\u5175\u56e2\u5728\u5411\u540e\u65b9\u64a4\u9000\u3002\u5f53\u79d1\u5854\u5c11\u5c06\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5e08\u90e8\u64a4\u5f80\u540e\u65b9\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u6ca1\u6709\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u5c06\u519b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7f8e\u519b\u9632\u7ebf\u88ab\u6253\u51fa\u7f3a\u53e3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u5415\u7279\u7ef4\u8328\u5c06\u519b\u7684\u7b2c47\u88c5\u7532\u519b\u5982\u6f6e\u6c34\u822c\u6d8c\u5165\u3002\u53f3\u4fa7\u662f\u51af\u00b7\u52b3\u8d6b\u7279\u7684\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u3001\u5de6\u4fa7\u662f\u62dc\u5c14\u83b1\u8335\u7684\u88c5\u7532\u6559\u5bfc\u5e08\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5df4\u65af\u6258\u6d85\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u519b\u7b2c9\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u5e08\u957f\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7W\u00b7\u4f26\u7eb3\u5fb7(John W. Leonard)\u5c11\u5c06\uff0c\u548c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u827e\u68ee\u8c6a\u5a01\u5c14\u548c\u6307\u6325\u7b2c12\u96c6\u56e2\u519b\u7fa4\u7684\u5e03\u83b1\u5fb7\u5229\u4e00\u6837\u662f\u897f\u70b9\u519b\u6821\u7684\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u4f26\u7eb3\u5fb7\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u6b20\u7f3a\u4f5c\u6218\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u7b2c9\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u57281944\u5e7410\u6708\u624d\u5230\u8fbe\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u88ab\u5206\u6563\u5230\u963f\u767b\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u6bb5\u83b7\u53d6\u5b9e\u6218\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f5312\u670816\u65e5\u5fb7\u519b\u53d1\u52a8\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8fdb\u653b\u65f6\uff0c\u7b2c9\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u4e0b\u5c5e\u76843\u4e2a\u6218\u6597\u7fa4\u4e2d\u4ec5\u6709A\u6218\u6597\u7fa4\u7531\u4f26\u7eb3\u5fb7\u5c11\u5c06\u76f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u3002B\u6218\u6597\u7fa4\u88ab\u914d\u5c5e\u7ed9\u7b2c5\u519b\u8fdb\u653b\u9c81\u5c14\u5927\u575d\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u7d27\u6025\u53d7\u547d\u5357\u4e0b\u524d\u5f80\u5723\u7ef4\u7279\uff0c\u542c\u4ece\u7b2c7\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u6307\u6325\u3002<\/p>\n

12\u670818\u65e5\u65e9\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7H\u00b7\u5409\u5c14\u5e03\u96f7\u601d(Joseph H. Gilbreth)\u4e0a\u6821\u7684\u7b2c9\u88c5\u7532\u5e08R\u6218\u6597\u7fa4\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u6765\u963b\u6321\u7b2c47\u88c5\u7532\u519b\u51b2\u5411\u5df4\u65af\u6258\u6d85\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u70b9\u5b9e\u529b\u662f\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14R\u6218\u6597\u7fa4\u7b2c2\u5766\u514b\u8425\u7684B\u8fde\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u524d\u4e00\u5929\u514b\u83b1\u6c83\u7684\u6218\u6597\u4e2d\u4e25\u91cd\u53d7\u635f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96ea\u4e0a\u52a0\u971c\u7684\u662f\uff0c17\u65e5\u665a\u4e0a\u5409\u5c14\u5e03\u96f7\u601d\u4e0a\u6821\u8fd8\u63a5\u5230\u519b\u957f\u7c73\u5fb7\u5c14\u987f(Middleton)\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u865a\u5f31\u7684\u6218\u6597\u7fa4\u5206\u6563\u6210\u4e09\u4e2a\u7279\u9063\u961f\u524d\u5f80\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8feb\u4e8e\u65e0\u5948\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u514b\u83b1\u6c83\u5230\u5df4\u65af\u6258\u6d85\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5730\u5f62\u662f\u7f13\u6162\u8d77\u4f0f\u7684\u539f\u91ce\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6cb3\u6d41\u548c\u5c71\u8109\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5929\u7136\u5c4f\u969c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7c73\u5fb7\u5c14\u987f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bbd\u5730\u9632\u5fa1\u6574\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u3002\u5409\u5c14\u5e03\u96f7\u601d\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u6700\u524d\u65b9\u7684\u662f\u7f57\u65af\u7279\u9063\u961f\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u514b\u83b1\u6c83\u4ee5\u897f5\u82f1\u91cc\u5904\u7684Antonihushof\u3002\u4e00\u7247\u5f00\u9614\u5730\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u4ece\u514b\u83b1\u6c83\u800c\u6765\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u548c\u901a\u5411\u5317\u65b9\u7684\u5723\u7ef4\u7279N12\uff08\u56fd\u905312\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u516c\u8def\u4ea4\u6c47\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u519b\u5224\u65ad\u5fb7\u56fd\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u4f1a\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u51b2\u5411\u5df4\u65af\u6258\u6d85\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5f53\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u7f57\u65af\u7279\u9063\u961f\u4ee5\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u83b1\u5c14\u00b7K\u00b7\u7f57\u65af(Lyle K. Rose)\u4e0a\u5c09\u4e3a\u540d\uff0c\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7b2c2\u5766\u514b\u8425A\u8fde\u768419\u8f86\u201c\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u201d\u5766\u514b\u3001\u7b2c52\u88c5\u7532\u6b65\u5175\u8425C\u8fde\u7684\u6b65\u5175\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u7532\u5de5\u5175\u6392\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f57\u65af\u7279\u9063\u961f\u540e\u65b93\u82f1\u91cc\u5904\uff0c\u5728\u5411\u5357\u7684N12\u516c\u8def\u548c\u5411\u897f\u7684N20\u516c\u8def\u7684\u4ea4\u6c47\u70b9\u90e8\u7f72\u7740\u54c8\u73c0\u7279\u9063\u961f\u3002\u8fd9\u652f\u90e8\u961f\u5305\u62ec\u7b2c2\u5766\u514b\u8425C\u8fde\u548c\u88ab\u6253\u6b8b\u7684B\u8fde\uff08\u6b64\u524d\u5728\u514b\u83b1\u6c83\u635f\u5931\u4e8619\u8f86\u201c\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u201d\u4e2d\u768414\u8f86\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7b2c52\u88c5\u7532\u6b65\u5175\u8425B\u8fde\u7684\u6b65\u5175\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u7b2c2\u5766\u514b\u8425\u957f\u7684\u62c9\u5c14\u592b\u00b7\u54c8\u73c0(Ralph Harper)\u4e2d\u6821\u5c06\u4ed6\u7684\u5766\u514b\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u9053\u8def\u897f\u4fa7\u68ee\u6797\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u51b7\u6749\u6811\u6797\u4e2d\u3002\u6b65\u5175\u5728500\u7801\u5916\u6316\u6398\u6563\u5175\u5751\u3002\u521a\u521a\u4e0b\u8fc7\u4e00\u573a\u96e8\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5175\u4eec\u7528\u94c1\u94f2\u6316\u6398\u6e7f\u6da6\u7684\u6ce5\u571f\u3002\u5f53\u6563\u5175\u5751\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6ce5\u6c34\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u6ca1\u81f3\u811a\u8e1d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u518d\u5f80\u897f2\u52303\u82f1\u91cc\uff0c\u5e03\u65af\u7279\u9063\u961f\u5728Moinet\u6751\u9644\u8fd1\u6f6e\u6e7f\u7684\u5c0f\u5c71\u9632\u5b88\u3002\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5e03\u65af(Robert Booth)\u4e2d\u6821\u662f\u7b2c52\u88c5\u7532\u5de5\u5175\u8425\u8425\u957f\uff0c\u8fd9\u652f\u90e8\u961f\u5305\u62ec\u7b2c52\u88c5\u7532\u5de5\u5175\u8425\u8425\u90e8\u8fde\uff0c\u7b2c52\u88c5\u7532\u5de5\u5175\u8425A\u8fde\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6392\uff0c\u7b2c811\u5766\u514b\u6b7c\u51fb\u8425\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u7684\u5766\u514b\u6b7c\u51fb\u8f66\u3002\u7b2c2\u5766\u514b\u8425D\u8fde\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u7684\u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279\u5766\u514b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u7ea7\u7ed9\u7b2c9\u88c5\u7532\u5e08R\u6218\u6597\u7fa4\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd8\u662f\u8001\u4e00\u5957\u201c\u4e0d\u60dc\u4e00\u5207\u4ee3\u4ef7\u575a\u5b88\u3002\u201d\u7b2c52\u88c5\u7532\u5de5\u5175\u8425\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u58eb\u5175\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\u5e03\u65af\u4e2d\u6821\u5728\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u91cc\u542c\u5230\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u201c\u4f60\u4eec\u662f\u53ef\u727a\u7272\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u5c06\u8981\u4e0d\u60dc\u4e00\u5207\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5b88\u4f4f\u9635\u5730\u3002\u201d\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\uff0cR\u6218\u6597\u7fa4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba-\u4ece\u519b\u5b98\u5230\u666e\u901a\u58eb\u5175-\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5373\u5c06\u5230\u6765\u7684\u5fb7\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u7684\u786e\u5207\u5b9e\u529b\u3002\u4e00\u540d\u519b\u5b98\uff0c\u5c24\u91d1\u00b7A\u00b7\u6c83\u8328(Eugene A. Watts)\u4e8b\u540e\u62b1\u6028\u9053\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u654c\u60c5\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e0e\u654c\u519b\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u524d\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u65b9\u9635\u5730\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\u663e\u793a\u51e0\u8f86\u7b2c506\u91cd\u88c5\u7532\u8425\u7684\u864e\u738b\u5766\u514b\u5728\u4e3a\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u5f00\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u70b9\u5f88\u96be\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002\u5fb7\u65b9\u548c\u7f8e\u65b9\u8d44\u6599\u90fd\u663e\u793a12\u670818\u65e5\u65e9\u4e0a\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u5728\u4ece\u514b\u83b1\u6c83\u6765\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\u51e0\u8f86\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8425\u7684\u88c5\u7532\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8f66\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u519b\u58eb\u5175\u8d76\u7d27\u8df3\u8fdb\u6563\u5175\u5751\uff0c\u53cd\u5766\u514b\u70ae\u7acb\u5373\u5f00\u706b\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u8bd5\u63a2\u6027\u8fdb\u653b\u5f88\u5feb\u88ab\u8f7b\u677e\u6253\u9000\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u7ec6\u96e8\u4e2d\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5175\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f66\u8f86\u6d88\u5931\u5728\u4e00\u5904\u704c\u6728\u4e1b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u2163\u53f7\u5766\u514b\u7fa4\u4e5f\u8d76\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u70df\u96fe\u7684\u63a9\u62a4\u4e0b\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u4fa6\u5bdf\u90e8\u961f\u5408\u5175\u4e00\u5904\u3002\u4f46\u6b64\u65f6\u5fb7\u519b\u4ecd\u7136\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4f34\u968f\u6b65\u5175\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u8d77\u5168\u9762\u8fdb\u653b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u514b\u83b1\u6c83\u7684\u5fb7\u519b\u884c\u519b\u8f66\u961f\u88ab\u5c0f\u9547\u65c1\u8fb9\u5c71\u4e0a\u57ce\u5821\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0f\u80a1\u7f8e\u519b\u4e25\u91cd\u59a8\u788d\u3002\u5230\u4e8618\u65e5\u4e2d\u5348\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u607c\u4eba\u7684\u9489\u5b50\u5fcd\u65e0\u53ef\u5fcd\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u8f86\u8c79\u5f0f\u5766\u514b\u52a0\u901f\u5f00\u4e0a\u5c71\u5761\uff0c\u5982\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u653b\u57ce\u69cc\u4e00\u6837\u649e\u5f00\u57ce\u5821\u7684\u6728\u8d28\u5927\u95e8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57ce\u5821\u5ead\u9662\u91cc\u4e00\u8f86\u5b64\u72ec\u7684\u7b2c707\u5766\u514b\u8425\u7684\u201c\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u201d\u5766\u514b\u8bd5\u56fe\u51fb\u6bc1\u5165\u4fb5\u8005\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u5bf9\u51b3\u4e2d\u201c\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u201d\u5766\u514b\u62a2\u5148\u5f00\u706b\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u70ae\u5f39\u5728\u201c\u9ed1\u8c79\u201d\u7684\u503e\u659c\u88c5\u7532\u4e0a\u5f39\u98de\u4e86\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u201c\u9ed1\u8c79\u201d\u7684\u8fd8\u51fb\u6253\u6210\u5e9f\u94c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u53d175\u6beb\u7c73\u70ae\u5f39\u547d\u4e2d\u201c\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u201d\u7684\u70ae\u5854\u5ea7\u5708\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8f66\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u58f0\u4e2d\u57ce\u5821\u5185\u82f1\u52c7\u7684\u5b88\u536b\u8005\u518d\u4e5f\u575a\u6301\u4e0d\u4e0b\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5728\u7a97\u53e3\u4f38\u51fa\u4e00\u9762\u767d\u65d7\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u8fd9\u7fa4\u7f8e\u519b\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u50cf\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u963f\u62c9\u83ab\u7684\u524d\u8f88\u4e00\u6837\u5168\u5458\u6218\u6b7b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u62d4\u51fa\u540e\u65b9\u7684\u8089\u4e2d\u523a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c18\u65e5\u4e0b\u53483\u70b9\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u52b3\u8d6b\u7279\u4e0a\u6821\u7684\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u7ec8\u4e8e\u805a\u96c6\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u5bf9Antonihushof\u53d1\u52a8\u603b\u653b\u7684\u5175\u529b\u3002\u5fb7\u519b\u5766\u514b\u548c\u7a81\u51fb\u70ae\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6b65\u5175\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u8def\u540c\u65f6\u51b2\u51fb\u7f8e\u519b\u9635\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

75\u6beb\u7c73\u7a7f\u7532\u5f39\u6495\u88c2\u88c5\u7532\u7684\u5de8\u54cd\u58f0\u6b64\u8d77\u5f7c\u4f0f\uff0c7\u8f86\u201c\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u201d\u5766\u514b\u5f88\u5feb\u88ab\u6572\u6389\uff0c\u773c\u89c1\u5df1\u65b9\u7684\u5766\u514b\u53d8\u6210\u5192\u70df\u7684\u6b8b\u9ab8\uff0c\u7f8e\u519b\u6b65\u5175\u5f00\u59cb\u60ca\u614c\u5931\u63aa\u5730\u56db\u6563\u5954\u9003\u3002\u773c\u89c1\u4e0d\u654c\u7684\u7f57\u65af\u4e0a\u5c09\u901a\u8fc7\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u8bf7\u6c42\u64a4\u9000\uff0c\u4f46\u7c73\u5fb7\u5c14\u987f\u4eb2\u81ea\u4e0b\u4ee4\u6b7b\u5b88\u5230\u5e95\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ec6\u96e8\u6726\u80e7\u7684\u94c5\u7070\u8272\u5929\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5f88\u5feb\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u88ab\u6467\u6bc1\u7684\u201c\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u201d\u5766\u514b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u519b\u7528\u8f66\u8f86\u5192\u51fa\u7684\u6d53\u70df\uff0c\u4e00\u56e2\u56e2\u706b\u7130\u5728\u6b8b\u9ab8\u4e0a\u71c3\u70e7\u3002\u800c\u96e8\u70b9\u822c\u7684\u5fb7\u519b\u70ae\u5f39\u8fd8\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u843d\u4e0b\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u573a\u666f\u5982\u56fe\u70bc\u72f1\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u519b\u70ae\u5175\u8fde\u6254\u4e0b\u5927\u70ae\u5f00\u59cb\u6e83\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f57\u65af\u4e0a\u5c09\u77e5\u9053\u5927\u52bf\u5df2\u53bb\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6307\u6325\u7740\u5269\u4e0b\u76845\u8f86\u5766\u514b\u548c\u51e0\u8f86\u81ea\u884c\u706b\u70ae\u64a4\u5411\u5317\u65b9\u7684\u5761\u5730\u3002\u7b2c52\u88c5\u7532\u6b65\u5175\u8425\u7684\u6218\u540e\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u79f0\u201c\u6211\u65b9\u5927\u91cf\u8f66\u8f86\u88ab\u6bc1\uff0c\u4eba\u5458\u4f24\u4ea1\u60e8\u91cd\u3002\u4ec5\u670950%\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5f97\u4ee5\u5f92\u6b65\u6216\u4e58\u5750\u8f66\u8f86\u64a4\u9000\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u52a0\u5165\u54c8\u73c0\u4e2d\u6821\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u5fb7\u519b\u88c5\u7532\u90e8\u961f\u548c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6b65\u5175\u8fd8\u5728\u4e0e\u7f57\u65af\u7279\u9063\u961f\u6fc0\u6218\u65f6\uff0c\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u7684\u88c5\u7532\u4fa6\u5bdf\u8425\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ee7\u7eed\u6cbf\u7740N12\u516c\u8def\u5357\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0b\u53484\uff1a15\u5728Feitsch\u4e0e\u54c8\u73c0\u7279\u9063\u961f\u906d\u9047\u3002\u591c\u5e55\u964d\u4e34\u540e\uff0c\u7b2c3\u88c5\u7532\u56e2\u7684\u5148\u950b\u4e5f\u8d76\u5230\u4e86\u300224\u8f86\u5fb7\u519b\u5766\u514b\u5728\u9053\u8def\u4e1c\u8fb9\u51e0\u767e\u7801\u7684\u539f\u91ce\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0f\u5c71\u9876\u4e0a\u6446\u5f00\u6218\u6597\u961f\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5348\u591c\u65f6\u5206\uff0c\u52b3\u8d6b\u7279\u4e0a\u6821\u4e0b\u4ee4\u8fdb\u653b\u3002\u6218\u540e\u7f8e\u519b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b64\u6218\u5fb7\u519b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5e26\u6709\u591c\u89c6\u88c5\u7f6e\u7684\u8c79\u5f0f\u5766\u514b\u3002\u4f46\u6839\u636e\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u63b7\u5f39\u5175\u56e2\u7ea6\u963f\u897f\u59c6\u00b7\u53e4\u7279\u66fc\u4e0a\u6821\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5fb7\u519b\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u7f8e\u519b\u5766\u514b\u5728\u68ee\u6797\u897f\u4fa7\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u6392\u6210\u4e00\u6392\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u7784\u51c6\u6bd4\u591c\u7a7a\u989c\u8272\u6df1\u7684\u51b7\u6749\u6811\u9876\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u7167\u7269\uff0c\u4e3b\u70ae\u6821\u5c04\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e4\u7279\u66fc\u4e0a\u6821\u8fd9\u6837\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u6597\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5fb7\u519b\u5766\u514b\u59cb\u7ec8\u4fdd\u6301\u673a\u52a8\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f00\u51fa\u4e00\u70ae\u5c31\u5012\u8f66\u9000\u5230\u53cd\u659c\u9762\u540e\u65b9\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u7ed9\u7f8e\u519b\u8c03\u6574\u6821\u5c04\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f86\u7f8e\u519b\u5766\u514b\u88ab\u51fb\u4e2d\uff0c\u71c3\u70e7\u7684\u706b\u7130\u4f1a\u7167\u4eae\u5176\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u654c\u519b\u5766\u514b\u3002\u800c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u4f1a\u88ab\u8000\u773c\u7684\u706b\u5149\u6643\u5f97\u5934\u660f\u773c\u82b1\uff0c\u770b\u4e0d\u6e05\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4ec5\u67093\u8f86\u201c\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u201d\u5766\u514b\u5728\u5fb7\u519b\u2163\u53f7\u548c\u8c79\u5f0f\u5766\u514b\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u7f8e\u519b\u88c5\u7532\u90e8\u961f\u8f70\u6210\u788e\u7247\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u62b5\u6297\u3002\u53e4\u7279\u66fc\u4e0a\u6821\u5199\u9053\u201c10\u5206\u949f\u5185\uff0c24\u8f86\u654c\u519b\u5766\u514b\u88ab\u6253\u6210\u706b\u7403\uff0c\u53e6\u591610\u8f86\u88ab\u6beb\u53d1\u65e0\u635f\u5730\u7f34\u83b7\u3002\u6211\u65b9\u53ea\u635f\u5931\u4e862\u8f86\u5766\u514b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u54c8\u73c0\u7279\u9063\u961f\u88ab\u6467\u6bc1\u7684\u5766\u514b\u548c\u8f66\u8f86\uff0c\u7167\u7247\u6444\u4e8e1945\u5e741\u6708<\/p>\n

\u5fb7\u519b\u88c5\u7532\u90e8\u961f\u7ee7\u7eed\u51b2\u950b\uff0c\u6740\u5411\u5b64\u7acb\u65e0\u63f4\u7684\u7f8e\u519b\u6b65\u5175\uff0c\u8f66\u8f7d\u673a\u67aa\u7684\u66f3\u5149\u5f39\u5c06\u65e0\u88c5\u7532\u7684\u7f8e\u519b\u8f66\u8f86\u6253\u7740\u706b\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u626b\u5c04\u88ab\u706b\u5149\u7167\u4eae\u7684\u7f8e\u519b\u6b65\u5175\u3002\u5f39\u96e8\u4e4b\u4e2d\u65e0\u5904\u53ef\u8eb2\u7684\u7f8e\u519b\u6b65\u5175\u88ab\u6210\u7247\u645e\u5012\uff0c\u9635\u4ea1\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u5305\u62ec\u7279\u9063\u961f\u6307\u6325\u5b98\u3001\u7b2c2\u5766\u514b\u8425\u8425\u957f\u54c8\u73c0\u4e2d\u6821\u548c\u7b2c52\u88c5\u7532\u6b65\u5175\u8425B\u8fde\u8fde\u957f\u5218\u6613\u00b7F\u00b7\u6d77\u65af(Lewie F. Hayse)\u4e0a\u5c09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u5728\u7b2c9\u88c5\u7532\u5e08R\u6218\u6597\u7fa4\u7684\u4e24\u652f\u7279\u9063\u961f\u5148\u540e\u88ab\u6bc1\u706d\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7b2c3\u4e2a\u7279\u9063\u961f-\u4f4d\u4e8eMoinet\u7684\u5e03\u65af\u7279\u9063\u961f-\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u524d\u7ebf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u5b98\u5175\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u80fd\u542c\u89c1\u4e1c\u65b9\u4f20\u6765\u7684\u70ae\u58f0\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u96e8\u591c\u8fd8\u80fd\u770b\u89c1\u6218\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u706b\u5149\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u5bf9\u6218\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u6765\u8bf4\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u7279\u522b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u572820\u5206\u949f\u7684\u4ea4\u706b\u540e\u5fb7\u519b\u64a4\u9000\u4e86\uff0c\u5e03\u65af\u7279\u9063\u961f\u7ee7\u7eed\u64a4\u9000\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u9ed1\u591c\u4e2d\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d70\u9519\u4e86\u8def\uff0c\u8f66\u961f\u5f00\u4e0a\u4e86\u524d\u5f80\u5854\u7ef4\u5c3c\uff08Tavigny\uff09\u7684\u516c\u8def\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u7b2c116\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u7a81\u7136\u906d\u9047\uff0c\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u706d\u9876\u4e4b\u707e\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u7f8e\u519b\u7b2c9\u88c5\u7532\u5e08R\u6218\u6597\u7fa4\u51e0\u4e4e\u88ab\u6b7c\u706d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728Feitsch\/Allerborn\u7684\u6218\u6597\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u7b2c2\u88c5\u7532\u5e08\u6cbf\u7740\u5e03\u65af\u7279\u9063\u961f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e61\u95f4\u5c0f\u8def\u62b5\u8fbe\u5e03\u5c14\u897f\u3002\u4f46\u52b3\u8d6b\u7279\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53bb\u8ffd\u8d76\u5e03\u65af\u7279\u9063\u961f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7ed5\u8fc7\u5df4\u65af\u6258\u6d85\u5c3d\u5feb\u8d76\u5230\u9a6c\u65af\u6cb3\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u5e03\u65af\u548c\u52b3\u8d6b\u7279\u90fd\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u5357\u65b9\u8fd11000\u7801\u5916\u7684\u6717\u7ef4\u91cc\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7f8e\u519b\u7b2c10\u88c5\u7532\u5e08B\u6218\u6597\u7fa4\u5207\u91cc\u7279\u9063\u961f\u8d76\u5230\u5df4\u65af\u6258\u6d85\u4e1c\u5317\u7684\u6717\u7ef4\u91cc\u3002\u7531\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7T\u00b7\u5207\u91cc(Henry T. Cherry)\u4e2d\u6821\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u8fd9\u652f\u90e8\u961f\u4e0b\u5c5e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7b2c3\u5766\u514b\u8425\uff08\u9664\u4e86B\u8fde\u548cD\u8fde\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6392\uff09\u3001\u7b2c20\u88c5\u7532\u6b65\u5175\u8425C\u8fde\u3001\u7b2c609\u5766\u514b\u6b7c\u51fb\u8425\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6392\u3001\u7b2c90\u9a91\u5175\u4e2d\u961f\u3001\u7b2c55\u88c5\u7532\u5de5\u5175\u8425\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5207\u91cc\u7279\u9063\u961f\u7684\u5148\u5934\u90e8\u961f\uff0c\u7b2c3\u5766\u514b\u8425A\u8fde\u768415\u8f86\u201c\u8c22\u5c14\u66fc\u201d\u5766\u514b\u5728\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u5179\u00b7\u6d77\u675c\u514b(Edwards Hyduke)\u4e2d\u5c09\u7684\u6307\u6325\u4e0b\u5728\u5f53\u665a7:20\u62b5\u8fbe\u6717\u7ef4\u91cc\u897f\u8fb9\u5c71\u8c37\u91cc\u7684\u519c\u573a\u3002\u7b2c3\u5766\u514b\u8425\u7684\u5b98\u5175\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u4ece\u80dc\u5229\u8d70\u5411\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u7247\u6df7\u4e71\u666f\u8c61\u65f6\u611f\u5230\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u3002<\/p>\n

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12\u670819\u65e5\u65e9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6717\u7ef4\u91cc\u5df2\u7ecf\u805a\u96c6\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u7f8e\u519b\u90e8\u961f\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5207\u91cc\u7279\u9063\u961f\u5916\uff0c\u524d\u4e00\u5929\u8d76\u5230\u7684\u7b2c9\u88c5\u7532\u5e08R\u6218\u6597\u7fa4\u4e00\u90e8\u3001\u7b2c110\u56e2\u7ea7\u6218\u6597\u90e8\u961f\u64a4\u9000\u7684\u58eb\u5175\u3001\u7b2c630\u5766\u514b\u6b7c\u51fb\u8425\u76844\u95e8\u53cd\u5766\u514b\u70ae\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u4e5f\u62c9\u6765\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u90e8\u961f\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u653b\u5207\u91cc\u3002\u591c\u95f4\uff0c\u88c5\u7532\u6559\u5bfc\u5e08\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u548c\u7b2c26\u56fd\u6c11\u63b7\u5f39\u5175\u5e08\u7b2c77\u63b7\u5f39\u5175\u56e2\u5df2\u7ecf\u62b5\u8fbe\u524d\u6cbf\u9635\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n

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