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4f0a\u65af\u5766\u5e03\u5c14\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u8428\u6d1b\u5c3c\u5361\u3001\u53d1\u7f57\u62c9\uff08\u963f\u5e03\u7f57\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff09\u3001\u4f69\u7279\u96f7\u3001\u57c3\u8fea\u5c14\u5185\u3001\u5e03\u5c14\u8428\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e1d\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014Halil \u0130nalc\u0131k, \u201cFoundations of Ottoman-Jewish Cooperation\u201d in Jews, Turks, Ottomans: A Shared History, Fifteenth through the Twentieth Century, ed. Avigdor Levy (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2002), 7.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u585e\u6cd5\u8fea\u201d\uff08Sepharad\uff09\u5728\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u201d\uff0c\u585e\u6cd5\u8fea\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u6765\u81ea\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u585e\u6cd5\u8fea\u72b9\u592a\u7684\u548c\u963f\u4ec0\u80af\u7eb3\u5179\u72b9\u592a\u540c\u6e90\u3002\u4e0a\u6587\u5df2\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5d1b\u8d77\u540e\uff0c\u5357\u6b27\u548c\u4e2d\u6b27\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u72b6\u51b5\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u8d70\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4f0a\u6bd4\u5229\u4e9a\u534a\u5c9b\u8fd9\u652f\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u585e\u6cd5\u8fea\u72b9\u592a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u897f\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u8870\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u897f\u54e5\u7279\u738b\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u4e86\u4f0a\u6bd4\u5229\u4e9a\u534a\u5c9b\uff0c\u5e76\u7688\u4f9d\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u4ece\u9ea6\u52a0\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u7edf\u4e00\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u534a\u5c9b\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u5916\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u62dc\u5360\u5ead\u5e1d\u56fd\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4e22\u6389\u4e86\u5317\u975e\u548c\u9ece\u51e1\u7279\u5730\u533a\u3002\u81f38\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5e1d\u56fd\u502d\u739b\u4e9a\u738b\u671d\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u67cf\u67cf\u5c14\u4eba\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5316\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u5317\u975e\uff0c\u4e0e\u897f\u54e5\u7279\u738b\u56fd\u9694\u6d77\u76f8\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>711\u5e74\uff0c\u502d\u739b\u4e9a\u519b\u8d81\u897f\u54e5\u7279\u738b\u56fd\u5185\u90e8\u6743\u529b\u4e89\u6597\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u6e21\u8fc7\u76f4\u5e03\u7f57\u9640\u6d77\u5ce1\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u74dc\u8fbe\u83b1\u7279\u6218\u5f79\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4ee5\u5c11\u80dc\u591a\uff0c\u897f\u54e5\u7279\u56fd\u738b\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u8d35\u65cf\u9635\u4ea1\uff0c\u897f\u54e5\u7279\u738b\u56fd\u540d\u5b58\u5b9e\u4ea1\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u502d\u739b\u4e9a\u519b\u8fc5\u901f\u5411\u5317\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u81f3718\u5e74\u57fa\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u6574\u4e2a\u4f0a\u6bd4\u5229\u4e9a\u534a\u5c9b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img0.baidu.com\/it\/u=2337549705,1036203788&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=120&amp;f=JPEG?w=500&amp;h=500\" alt=\"\u4ece\u79d1\u5c14\u591a\u74e6\u4e3b\u6559\u5802\u770b\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7684\u524d\u4e16\u4eca\u751f\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/img1.baidu.com\/it\/u=4096258981,2636098898&amp;fm=253&amp;fmt=auto&amp;app=138&amp;f=JPEG?w=500&amp;h=653\" alt=\"\u79d1\u5c14\u591a\u74e6\u6559\u5802:\u5386\u53f2\u5efa\u7b51\u5947\u8ff9\" 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src=\"https:\/\/aisearch.cdn.bcebos.com\/fileAsset\/kZgWNV1BwEyanvVXGcCGIQ\/1793581279925wmX37n.png?authorization=bce-auth-v1%2F7e22d8caf5af46cc9310f1e3021709f3%2F2026-11-02T01%3A01%3A21Z%2F86400%2Fhost%2F65edc1529a58293edbccdb73c52163bdf83fb7ecf56c00efda93d5fa231e10dd\" 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