\u6765\u6e90: \u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66<\/p>\n
1952\u5e743\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5e74\u8fd180\u5c81\u7684\u8001\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u53bb\u4e16\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ed6\u662f\u5c06\u201c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u9009\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201cphysics\u201d\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u70b9\u4eae\u4e2d\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u661f\u661f\u4e4b\u706b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u53eb\u738b\u5b63\u70c8\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u738b\u5b63\u70c8(1873-1952)<\/p>\n
\u738b\u5b63\u70c8(1873-1952)\uff0c\u5b57\u664b\u4f59\uff0c\u82cf\u5dde\u5e9c\u957f\u6d32\u53bf\u4eba(\u4eca\u5c5e\u82cf\u5dde\u5e02)\uff0c\u6e05\u5149\u7eea\u7532\u8fb0\uff081904\u5e74\uff09\u79d1\u8fdb\u58eb\uff0c\u4efb\u5b66\u90e8\u90ce\u4e2d\u3001\u4eac\u5e08\u8bd1\u5b66\u9986\u6559\u4e60\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u7b49\u804c\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u4ece\u4e8b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u540d\u8bcd\u6574\u7406\u548c\u6559\u6750\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u540e\u8f6c\u5411\u6606\u66f2\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n
\u738b\u5b63\u70c8\u81ea\u5e7c\u806a\u9896\uff0c\u5e74\u5c11\u65f6\u6fe1\u67d3\u7ecf\u53f2\u5b50\u96c6\u30021899\u5e74\uff0c\u738b\u5b63\u70c8\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u6c5f\u5357\u5236\u9020\u5c40\u7ffb\u8bd1\u9986\u4efb\u8bd1\u4e66\u6587\u5458\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5b66\u548c\u94bb\u7814\u897f\u65b9\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n
1899\u5e74\uff0c\u738b\u5b63\u70c8\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u5085\u5170\u96c5\uff08\uff08John Fryer\uff09\u5408\u4f5c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u83ab\u5c14\u767b\uff08William J. Morton\uff09\u535a\u58eb\u6709\u5173X\u5c04\u7ebf\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300aThe X ray\u2014\u2014Photography of the Invisible and its Value in Surgery\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u901a\u7269\u7535\u5149\u300b\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u8ddd\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u4f26\u74341895\u5e74\u53d1\u73b0X\u5c04\u7ebf\u4e5f\u5c314\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
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1902\u5e74\uff0c\u5f20\u4e4b\u6d1e\u4e0a\u4e66\u4e3e\u8350\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7279\u79d1\u4f1a\u8bd5\u4eba\u5458\u30021902 \u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e94\u672c\u7701\u4e61\u8bd5\u4e2d\u4e3e\u4eba\u30021904 \u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e94\u6bbf\u8bd5\u83b7\u4e8c\u7532\uff0c\u8fdb\u58eb\u51fa\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n
1904\u5e74\uff0c\u738b\u5b63\u70c8\u4efb\u516b\u65d7\u5b66\u5802\u7406\u5316\u6559\u4e60\u30021905\u5e74\uff0c\u53c8\u4efb\u4eac\u5e08\u8bd1\u5b66\u9986\u7406\u5316\u6559\u4e60\u2014\u2014\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
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\n\u6b21\u5b50\u738b\u5b63\u540c\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0e\u673a\u7535\u4e13\u5bb6
\n\u56db\u5b50\u738b\u5b63\u70b9\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4eac\u5e08\u5927\u5b66\u5802\u6559\u6388
\n\u4e94\u5b50\u738b\u5b63\u7eea\uff0c\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u5317\u5927\u6559\u6388
\n\u957f\u5973\u738b\u5b63\u662d\uff0c\u7559\u5b66\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u4e3b\u653b\u751f\u7269
\n\u6b21\u5973\u738b\u5b63\u831d\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388
\n\u4e09\u5973\u738b\u5b63\u7389\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\uff0c\u632f\u534e\u5973\u6821\u6821\u957f
\n\u56db\u5973\u738b\u5b63\u5c71\uff0c\u5b9e\u4e1a\u5bb6\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6
\n\u4e94\u5973\u738b\u5b63\u5e38\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\uff0c\u5b89\u5b9a\u4e2d\u5b66\u521b\u529e\u4eba<\/p>\n
\u770b\u5f97\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u4e2a\u4e2a\u90fd\u662f\u4eba\u624d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u738b\u5b63\u540c(1875-1948)\u75f4\u8ff7\u4e8e\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u520a\u7269\u53d1\u8868\u6570\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u88ab\u5bb6\u4eba\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u76ae\u86cb\u535a\u58eb\u201d\u7684\u738b\u5b63\u831d(1879-1979)\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5316\u5b66\u5973\u535a\u58eb\uff0c1918\u5e74\uff0c\u5979\u5b8c\u6210\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u76ae\u86cb\u548c\u53ef\u98df\u7528\u71d5\u7a9d\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u5316\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u62c5\u4efb\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u738b\u5b63\u70c8\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u8f88\uff0c\u738b\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u7206\u53d1\u4e86\uff0c\u9996\u5f53\u63d0\u738b\u5b63\u540c\u5bb6\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u738b\u5b63\u540c\u5171\u751f12\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d5\u4e2a\u592d\u6298\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b7\u4e2a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u5973\u738b\u6dd1\u8d1e\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5987\u4ea7\u533b\u9662\u521b\u59cb\u4eba
\n\u56db\u5b50\u738b\u5b88\u7ade\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u6559\u6388
\n\u4e94\u5973\u738b\u660e\u8d1e\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388
\n\u4e03\u5973\u738b\u5b88\u74a8\uff0c\u7559\u5b66\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u7269\u7406\u6587\u732e\u7ffb\u8bd1
\n\u4e5d\u5b50\u738b\u5b88\u878d\uff0c\u7cbe\u5bc6\u673a\u68b0\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u5357\u5f00\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388
\n\u5341\u5b50\u738b\u5b88\u6b66\uff0c\u5fae\u7535\u5b50\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\u9662\u58eb
\n\u5341\u4e8c\u5b50\u738b\u5b88\u89c9\uff0c\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u7535\u5b50\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\u9662\u58eb<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u738b\u5b63\u540c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5bb6\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u90e8\u4ece\u4e8b\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\u56db\u5b50\u738b\u5b88\u7ade(1904-1984)\uff0c1928\u5e74\u83b7\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u5317\u5927\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb(1931-1933)\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bfb\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u65f6\uff0c\u6b63\u503c\u6b27\u6d32\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f53\u65f6\u7814\u7a76\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5bfc\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u61c2\u5f97\u6bd4\u4ed6\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u8fd8\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u7f8e\u56fd\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5174\u8da3\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff08\u5de61\u4e3a\u738b\u5b88\u7ade\uff0c\u53f31\u4e3a\u8bfa\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005I. I. Rabi\uff09<\/p>\n
\u738b\u5b88\u6b66(1919-2014)\u548c\u738b\u5b88\u89c9(1925-2016)\u5144\u5f1f\u4fe9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u548c\u5fae\u7535\u5b50\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fe9\u90fd\u57281980\u5e74\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u738b\u5b88\u6b66(1919-2014)<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u738b\u5b88\u89c9(1925-2016)<\/p>\n
\u738b\u6dd1\u8d1e(1899-1991)\u4ece\u7ea6\u7ff0-\u970d\u5e03\u91d1\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u83b7\u5f97\u533b\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u5987\u4ea7\u79d1\u5b66\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e0e\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6797\u5de7\u7a1a\u533b\u751f\u5e76\u79f0\u201c\u5357\u738b\u5317\u6797\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u738b\u6dd1\u8d1e(1899-1991)<\/p>\n
\u738b\u660e\u8d1e(1906-2010)\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u8457\u540d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4c\u4f26\u8d1d\u514b\uff08\u6ca1\u9519\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0e\u6208\u5fb7\u65bd\u5bc6\u7279\u4e00\u8d77\u63d0\u51fa\u7535\u5b50\u81ea\u65cb\u7684\u90a3\u4f4d\uff09\u7684\u95e8\u4e0b\uff0c1955\u5e74\u56de\u56fd\u4efb\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u662f\u6e05\u534e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u738b\u660e\u8d1e(1906-2010)<\/p>\n
\u5ac1\u5165\u4f55\u5bb6\u7684\u56db\u5973\u738b\u5b63\u5c71\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e7c\u5973\u4f55\u6cfd\u745b\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u690d\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5927\u5973\u513f\u90fd\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4f55\u6021\u8d1e(1910-2008)\u548c\u4f55\u6cfd\u6167(1914-2011)\uff0c\u59ca\u59b9\u4e8c\u4f4d\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u91cd\u91cf\u7ea7\u4eba\u7269\u2014\u2014\u845b\u5ead\u71e7\u548c\u94b1\u4e09\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
1937\u5e74\u7684\u4f55\u6021\u8d1e\u4e0e\u4f55\u6cfd\u6167<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u4f55\u5bb6\u4e09\u59d0\u59b9\u7684\u5408\u5f71\uff0c\u6444\u4e8e1962\u5e74\uff08\u4f55\u6021\u8d1e(\u5de6)\u3001\u4f55\u6cfd\u6167\u548c\u4f55\u6cfd\u745b(\u53f3)\uff09<\/p>\n
\u770b\u8fd9\u957f\u957f\u7684\u9876\u7ea7\u4eba\u624d\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u611f\u89c9\u5f88\u9707\u64bc\u5427\uff01\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd8\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u6b62\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u636e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u82e5\u7b97\u4e0a\u738b\u5bb6\u5b50\u5973\u53ca\u914d\u5076\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u67096\u540d\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u7c7b\u79d1\u6280\u4eba\u624d\u66f4\u662f\u4e3e\u4e0d\u80dc\u4e3e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u738b\u5b63\u70c8\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u57f9\u517b\u51fa\u8fd9\u707f\u82e5\u661f\u6cb3\u822c\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5f53\u7136\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4f20\u627f\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u6765\u81ea\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u806a\u6167\u901a\u8fbe\u3001\u77e5\u4e8b\u660e\u7406\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u5973\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\u738b\u5b63\u70c8\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u80cc\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u738b\u5b63\u70c8\u51fa\u8eab\u4e8e\u4e16\u4ee3\u975e\u5b98\u5373\u5112\u7684\u82cf\u5dde\u83ab\u91d0\u738b\u6c0f\u5bb6\u65cf\uff0c\u83ab\u91d0\u738b\u6c0f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5546\u4e1a\u5de8\u65cf\u3001\u79d1\u4e3e\u4e16\u5bb6\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4e16\u65cf\u548c\u79d1\u6280\u540d\u95e8\u4e8e\u4e00\u8eab\u7684\u6c5f\u5357\u671b\u65cf\u3002\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u83ab\u91d0\u738b\u6c0f\u660e\u6e05\u4e24\u4ee3\u5171\u51fa\u8fdb\u58eb12\u4eba\uff08\u542b\u8fdb\u58eb\u53ca\u7b2c\u4e24\u4eba\uff0c\u72b6\u5143\u548c\u63a2\u82b1\u5404\u4e00\uff09\uff0c\u4e3e\u4eba16\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
\u738b\u5b63\u70c8\u768410\u4e16\u7956\u4e3a\u660e\u671d\u540d\u81e3\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u738b\u93ca\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u6237\u90e8\u5c1a\u4e66\u3001\u6587\u6e0a\u9601\u5927\u5b66\u58eb\u3002\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u738b\u9882\u851a\uff0c\u6e05\u5149\u7eea\u4e94\u5e74\u8fdb\u58eb\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u519b\u673a\u7ae0\u4eac\uff0c\u6d69\u6388\u8d44\u653f\u5927\u592b\u30021890\u5e74\u4efb\u4f1a\u8bd5\u8003\u5b98\u65f6\uff0c\u66fe\u529b\u8350\u8521\u5143\u57f9\u7684\u8003\u5377\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8521\u5143\u57f9\u7684\u6069\u5e08\u3002<\/p>\n
\u738b\u9882\u851a\u63d0\u5021\u201c\u5f00\u8d24\u826f\u3001\u767b\u4fca\u826f\u3001\u8bb2\u6c42\u5b9e\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u58eb\u4eba\u201c\u5b66\u4e60\u6d4b\u91cf\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u5149\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u89c6\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u663e\u7136\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u540e\u4ee3\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u738b\u5b63\u70c8\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u672c\u540d\u8c22\u957f\u8fbe\uff0c\u5b89\u5fbd\u4eba\u6c0f\uff0c\u5ac1\u5165\u738b\u5bb6\u540e\u6539\u592b\u59d3\uff0c\u6545\u53c8\u540d\u738b\u8c22\u957f\u8fbe\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5973\u6743\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u738b\u8c22\u957f\u8fbe(1848-1934)<\/p>\n
1895\u5e74\uff0c\u6e05\u671d\u5728\u7532\u5348\u6d77\u6218\u4e2d\u60e8\u8d25\uff0c\u738b\u9882\u851a\u60b2\u6124\u8fc7\u5ea6\uff0c\u6291\u90c1\u800c\u7ec8\uff0c\u5e74\u4ec548\u5c81\u3002\u5728\u4e08\u592b\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\uff0c\u738b\u8c22\u957f\u8fbe\u79ef\u6781\u6295\u8eab\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5148\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u201c\u653e\u8db3\u4f1a\u201d\u2014\u2014\u53f7\u53ec\u5973\u6027\u6452\u5f03\u7f20\u8db3\u7684\u964b\u4e60\u3002\u5979\u8bf4\u201c\u8def\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u75db\u5feb\u7684\u8d70\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff1f\u201d\uff0c\u5f53\u82cf\u5dde\u653e\u8db3\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u53c8\u5954\u8d74\u82cf\u5357\u548c\u82cf\u5317\u89e3\u6551\u66f4\u591a\u7f20\u8db3\u5987\u5973\u3002<\/p>\n
1915\u5e74\uff0c\u738b\u8c22\u957f\u8fbe\u6210\u7acb\u201c\u5973\u5b50\u516c\u76ca\u56e2\u201d\uff0c\u53f7\u53ec\u5973\u6027\u4e89\u53d6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u5021\u5bfc\u5987\u5973\u91cd\u89c6\u804c\u4e1a\uff0c\u81ea\u5f3a\u81ea\u7acb\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f00\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u5546\u5e97\u3001\u5de5\u5382\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\u5973\u754c\u8c0b\u751f\u5b58\u4e4b\u5e78\u798f\u3002\u636e\u5b59\u5973\u738b\u660e\u8d1e\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u6bcf\u9047\u5230\u5987\u5973\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u516c\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u5979\u633a\u8eab\u800c\u51fa\u6253\u62b1\u4e0d\u5e73\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u66ff\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u544a\u72b6\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u82cf\u5dde\u79f0\u5979\u4e3a\u201c\u738b\u8001\u864e\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
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