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\u5360\u535c\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u5e55\u50da\u8d75\u70c8\u6587(1832\uff5e1893)\u5bf9\u5360\u535c\u5f88\u6709\u9020\u8be3\uff0c\u5176\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5360\u535c\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u6240\u5360\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u65f6\u5c40\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u7b49\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5360\u5019\uff0c\u5176\u9884\u8a00\u5c61\u6b21\u83b7\u5f97\u8bc1\u660e\u3002(11)\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d75\u7684\u5360\u535c\u9020\u8be3\uff0c\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u76f8\u5f53\u5668\u91cd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u591a\u6b21\u5207\u78cb\u5360\u535c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8d75\u4e5f\u591a\u6b21\u4e3a\u66fe\u5360\u535c\u65f6\u5c40\u4e0e\u5065\u5eb7\u30021867\u5e747\u670821\u65e5\u665a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u65f6\u5c40\u3002\u8d75\u6839\u636e\u5360\u535c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6e05\u671d\u8986\u706d\u6050\u6015\u4e0d\u51fa\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u3002\u66fe\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u8d75\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u4e88\u4ee5\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002\u4ece\u8d75\u70c8\u6587\u65e5\u8bb0\u770b\uff0c\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u5360\u535c\u7684\u3002\u8d75\u70c8\u6587\u7b03\u4fe1\u5360\u535c\u9884\u8a00\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u88ab\u9547\u538b\u4e0b\u53bb\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u5230\u5e38\u719f\u53bb\u505a\u4e86\u9690\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e24\u5e7f\u603b\u7763\u53f6\u540d\u741b(1807\uff5e1859)\u70ed\u8877\u6276\u4e69\u3002\u5176\u7236\u53f6\u5fd7\u8bdc(1779\uff5e1863)\u6df1\u597d\u6276\u4e69\u4e4b\u672f\uff0c\u53f6\u540d\u741b\u4e3a\u7236\u4eb2\u5728\u603b\u7763\u8859\u95e8\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u6625\u4ed9\u9986\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u796d\u7940\u5415\u6d1e\u5bbe\u3001\u674e\u592a\u767d\u4e8c\u4ed9\u3002\u53f6\u540d\u741b\u4e00\u5207\u519b\u4e8b\u884c\u52a8\u90fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5360\u8bed\u3002\u5f53\u90e8\u4e0b\u544a\u77e5\u82f1\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u653b\u5360\u5e7f\u5dde\u4e1c\u90ca\u4e00\u5e26\u70ae\u53f0\u3001\u653b\u5360\u5e7f\u5dde\u5bf9\u5cb8\u70ae\u53f0\uff0c\u4ed6\u90fd\u4e0d\u52a8\u58f0\u8272\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u5927\u4ed9\u7684\u4e69\u8bed\u8fdb\u884c\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e7f\u5dde\u88ab\u82f1\u519b\u653b\u7834\uff0c\u4ed6\u6210\u4e86\u4fd8\u864f\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u540e\u6094\u81f3\u6781\uff0c\u8fde\u79f0\u201c\u4e24\u5927\u4ed9\u8bef\u6211\u201d\u3002(12)<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u90ed\u5d69\u7118(1818\uff5e1891)\u3001\u51af\u6842\u82ac(1809\uff5e1874)\uff0c\u5bf9\u582a\u8206\u5747\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\uff0c\u90ed\u5230\u6e58\u4e61\u4e3a\u66fe\u9009\u62e9\u5893\u5730\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u4e2d\uff0c\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u957f\u6c99\u9644\u8fd1\u4e00\u5904\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u4e4b\u5b50\u66fe\u7eaa\u6cfd(1839\uff5e1890)\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4fe1\u98ce\u6c34\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u6d89\u7236\u4eb2\u9634\u5b85\u5927\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u4ece\u4fd7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u540c\u610f\u4e86\u90ed\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u90ed\u5d69\u7118\u7684\u5893\u5730\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u524d\u62e9\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u51af\u6842\u82ac\u7684\u582a\u8206\u672f\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u58eb\u5927\u592b\u4e2d\u9887\u6709\u540d\u6c14\u3002\u4ed6\u7236\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u5893\u5730\uff0c\u5747\u7531\u4ed6\u9009\u5b9a\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u4ee3\u5176\u82cf\u5dde\u540c\u4e61\u3001\u540f\u90e8\u4f8d\u90ce\u6bb7\u5146\u955b(1806\uff5e1883)\u9009\u5b9a\u5176\u592b\u4eba\u7a0b\u6c0f\u7684\u5893\u5730\u3002\u6bb7\u5146\u955b\u592b\u4eba\u53bb\u4e16\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u8bf7\u98ce\u6c34\u5e08\u6765\u9009\u5893\u5730\uff0c\u51af\u6842\u82ac\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u610f\u89c1\u76f8\u5de6\u3002\u6bb7\u5bb6\u6700\u7ec8\u91c7\u7eb3\u4e86\u51af\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u6bb7\u5bb6\u5bf9\u51af\u7684\u582a\u8206\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u76f8\u4fe1\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u98ce\u6c34\u5e08\u3002(13)\u51af\u6842\u82ac\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5360\u5366\u30021861\u5e74\uff0c\u592a\u5e73\u519b\u7b56\u5212\u8fdb\u653b\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e61\u7ec5\u98ce\u58f0\u9e64\u5533\u3002\u51af\u6842\u82ac\u7b56\u5212\u8bf7\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u6d3e\u5175\u6765\u6551\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e0a\u6d77\u57ce\u5e02\u547d\u8fd0\u535c\u4e86\u4e00\u5366\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c06\u5360\u535c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u7ed3\u679c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u201c\u6b64\u5409\u8bfe\u4e5f\u201d\u3002(14)<\/p>\n

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\u66f4\u665a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u9648\u70bd\u3001\u674e\u76db\u94ce\u7b49\uff0c\u5bf9\u98ce\u6c34\u90fd\u5f88\u76f8\u4fe1\u3002\u9648\u70bd(1855\uff5e1900)\u662f\u665a\u6e05\u8457\u540d\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e3e\u4eba\u51fa\u8eab\uff0c\u5386\u4efb\u5211\u90e8\u7ae0\u4eac\u3001\u519b\u673a\u5904\u7ae0\u4eac\u7b49\uff0c\u66fe\u4e0e\u5eb7\u6709\u4e3a\u7b49\u53d1\u8d77\u5f3a\u5b66\u4f1a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f1a\u957f\u3002\u4ed61896\u5e74\u66fe\u81f4\u4fe1\u5176\u6c5f\u897f\u540c\u4e61\u674e\u76db\u94ce\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee\u6709\u5173\u98ce\u6c34\u4e8b\u5b9c\u3002\u4fe1\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u70bd\u4eca\u5c81\u5357\u65cb\uff0c\u8425\u529e\u846c\u4e8b\uff0c\u5411\u6709\u5c71\u5730\u4e00\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u820d\u4e1c\u4e00\u91cc\u4e4b\u9065\uff0c\u7cfb\u4e00\u53cb\u5468\u67d0\u6240\u62e9\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f62\u52bf\u8bba\uff0c\u4f3c\u975e\u865a\u5047\u3002\u60df\u5468\u541b\u5df2\u4f5c\u53e4\u4eba\u3002\u70bd\u4e8e\u5ce6\u5934\uff0c\u7565\u66fe\u7a76\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e8e\u7406\u6c14\u61f5\u65e0\u6240\u8bc6\uff0c\u5c71\u5730\u5173\u7cfb\u5229\u5bb3\uff0c\u4e0e\u5e73\u9633(\u539f)\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u53c8\u7956\u9057\u5c71\u5e84\u7834\u65e7\uff0c\u73b0\u987b\u7565\u52a0\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u987b\u8bf7\u9ad8\u660e\u6307\u6388\uff0c\u59cb\u53ef\u52a8\u5de5\u3002\u5174\u56fd\u5730\u5e08\u867d\u591a\uff0c\u80fd\u8005\u4ea6\u5c11\u3002\u95fb\u5e9c\u4e0a\u524d\u6b64\u6240\u5ef6\u67d0\u541b\uff0c\u5b66\u95ee\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5747\u8d85\u6211\u8f88\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u582a\u8206\u8bba\uff0c\u4ea6\u6768\u66fe\u4e4b\u4e9a\u4e5f\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u8bc6\u6b64\u541b\u4eca\u5728\u4f55\u65b9?\u80fd\u5426\u5e74\u91cc\u5ef6\u8bf7\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f00\u8305\u585e\u800c\u51b3\u7fa4\u7591\u3002\u627f\u543e\u5f1f\u6267\u7231\u903e\u6052\uff0c\u53ef\u5426\u4e5e\u8d39\u5fc3\u4ee3\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e66\u5546\u8ba2\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60e0\u7136\u80af\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u5f53\u4ee5\u5e08\u793c\u4e8b\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u4f5c\u5bfb\u5e38\u6b3e\u5f85\u4e5f\u3002(18)<\/p>\n

\u4fe1\u4e2d\u900f\u9732\u56db\u70b9\u4e0e\u98ce\u6c34\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u9648\u70bd\u76f8\u4fe1\u98ce\u6c34\u76f8\u5f53\u8654\u8bda\uff1b\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u9648\u70bd\u5bf9\u98ce\u6c34\u7565\u6709\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u7cbe\u901a\uff1b\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u674e\u76db\u94ce\u5bb6\u65cf\u4ea6\u4fe1\u98ce\u6c34\uff1b\u5176\u56db\uff0c\u5174\u56fd\u4e00\u5e26\u5730\u5e08(\u98ce\u6c34\u5e08)\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u674e\u76db\u94ce(1859\uff5e1934)\uff0c\u6c5f\u897f\u5fb7\u5316(\u4eca\u4e5d\u6c5f\u5e02)\u4eba\uff0c\u53f7\u6728\u658b\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u8fdb\u58eb\uff0c\u6388\u7ff0\u6797\u4fee\u7f16\u3002\u5386\u4efb\u51fa\u4f7f\u65e5\u672c\u5927\u81e3\u3001\u5185\u9601\u4f8d\u8bfb\u5b66\u58eb\u3001\u987a\u5929\u5e9c\u5e9c\u4e1e\u3001\u51fa\u4f7f\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u5927\u81e3\u3001\u5c71\u897f\u5de1\u629a\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5149\u7eea\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u8bfb\u4e66\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u547d\u7406\u6709\u4e00\u7fa4\u4f53\u6027\u4e8b\u4f8b\uff1a\u676d\u5dde\u6587\u98ce\u79d1\u7b2c\uff0c\u672c\u6765\u7532\u4e8e\u4e00\u7701\uff0c\u81ea\u5609\u3001\u9053\u800c\u540e\uff0c\u6e10\u4e0d\u5982\u7ecd\u5174\uff1b\u81f3\u54b8\u3001\u540c\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u590d\u4e0d\u5982\u5b81\u6ce2\u3002\u6df1\u901a\u582a\u8206\u7684\u676d\u5dde\u5e9c\u5b66\u751f\u5458\u4e01\u4e19\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5e9c\u5b66\u98ce\u6c34\u6240\u81f4\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5149\u7eea\u5143\u5e74\u4e61\u8bd5\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u7ecf\u4e0a\u7ea7\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5b98\u5458\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u5c06\u5e9c\u5b66\u95e8\u5f84\u671d\u5411\u4f5c\u4e86\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u53c8\u5c06\u4e94\u9b41\u4ead\u9970\u800c\u65b0\u4e4b\u3002\u7ae3\u5de5\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u4ead\u524d\u71c3\u53cc\u54cd\u70ae30\u679a\uff0c\u4ee5\u632f\u6587\u6c14\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e74\u4e61\u8bd5\u53d1\u699c\uff0c\u676d\u5dde\u4e00\u5e9c\u6b63\u526f\u699c\u5171\u4e2d30\u4eba\u3002\u6b64\u4e8b\u5f15\u8d77\u8f70\u52a8\uff0c\u54b8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u98ce\u6c34\u7075\u9a8c\u3002\u8bb0\u8ff0\u6b64\u4e8b\u7684\u9648\u5176\u5143\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u582a\u8206\u4e4b\u9a8c\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u89e3\u4e5f\u3002\u201d(20)<\/p>\n

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\u4ee5\u6700\u9ad8\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6e05\u671d\u5386\u4ee3\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u65e0\u4e0d\u91cd\u89c6\u98ce\u6c34\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u8fd8\u517c\u4fe1\u5360\u535c\u3002\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u5c31\u65e2\u4fe1\u582a\u8206\uff0c\u53c8\u4fe1\u5360\u535c\u3002\u5179\u4e3e\u56db\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ef6\uff0c\u82f1\u5e74\u5448\u9890\u548c\u56ed\u5f00\u94bb\u5c71\u95e8\u6876\u7b49\u5de5\u62e9\u5f97\u52a8\u571f\u5174\u4fee\u5409\u65e5\u5409\u65f6\u5355\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u5974\u624d\u82f1\u5e74\uff0c\u8c28\u770b\u5f97\u542c\u9e42\u9986\u6b63\u6bbf\u4e4b\u897f\uff0c\u987a\u5c71\u6bbf\u897f\u5c71\u524d\u5eca\uff0c\u5f00\u94bb\u5c71\u95e8\u6876\u4e00\u5ea7\uff1b\u987a\u897f\u6cca\u5cb8\uff0c\u5411\u5357\u6dfb\u4fee\u722c\u5c71\u8e0f\u8dfa\u4e00\u5ea7\uff1b\u94bb\u5c71\u95e8\u5916\uff0c\u6dfb\u5b89\u6728\u5f71\u58c1\u4e00\u5ea7\uff1b\u7cfb\u8f9b\u65b9\u8292\u79cd\u540e\u6708\u5fb7\u5408\u5728\u8f9b\uff0c\u5b9c\u4fee\u9020\u897f\u5317\u7ef4\u3002\u8c28\u62e9\u4e8e\u4e94\u6708\u5341\u516d\u58ec\u8fb0\u65e5\uff0c\u5b9c\u7528\u660e\u5802\uff0c\u4e59\u5df3\u65f6\u52a8\u571f\u5174\u4fee\u5409\u3002(23)<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u5e74\u5c31\u662f\u6148\u79a7\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u98ce\u6c34\u5e08\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u6c49\u519b\u6b63\u767d\u65d7\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u8d21\u751f\u8003\u53d6\u7b14\u5e16\u5f0f\uff0c\u7d2f\u8fc1\u90ce\u4e2d\u517c\u62a4\u519b\u53c2\u9886\u3002\u4ed6\u672c\u4e3a\u5bd2\u58eb\uff0c\u4ee5\u5924\u7f18\u674e\u83b2\u82f1\u8f88\uff0c\u4e3a\u9890\u548c\u56ed\u5185\u5404\u79cd\u8bbe\u65bd\u770b\u98ce\u6c34\uff0c\u5148\u5f97\u5185\u4f8d\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u201c\u51e1\u5bab\u4e2d\u6240\u6b32\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u7686\u8fce\u5408\u61ff\u65e8\uff0c\u6545\u5f97\u8fdb\u8eab\u201d\u3002(24)\u65e5\u540e\u5347\u81f3\u5de5\u90e8\u4f8d\u90ce\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u89c9\u751f\u5bfa\u98ce\u6c34\u4e4b\u4e89\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u521d\u5e74\uff0c\u5185\u52a1\u5e9c\u5927\u81e3\u5e86\u6797\u3001\u8302\u6797\u5144\u5f1f\uff0c\u6b46\u6155\u89c9\u751f\u5bfa\u4e00\u5e26\u98ce\u6c34\u5b9d\u5730\uff0c\u8d3f\u8d42\u5bfa\u5e99\u7684\u4e3b\u50e7\uff0c\u8d2d\u5730\u82e5\u5e72\u4ea9\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u8314\u5730\u3002\u5176\u5730\u662f\u671d\u5ef7\u8bbe\u575b\u7948\u96e8\u5723\u5730\u3002\u65f6\u503c\u5149\u7eea\u4e8c\u3001\u4e09\u5e74\u664b\u3001\u8c6b\u5927\u9965\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u7948\u96e8\u5c61\u4e0d\u5e94\u3002\u4e8b\u4e3a\u5fa1\u53f2\u6240\u53c2\u3002\u671d\u5ef7\u6d3e\u5927\u81e3\u67e5\u529e\uff0c\u5c5e\u5b9e\uff0c\u5e86\u3001\u8302\u7686\u9769\u804c\uff0c\u53d1\u519b\u53f0\uff0c\u50e7\u4ea6\u5224\u7f6a\u3002(27)<\/p>\n

\u5176\u56db\uff0c\u505c\u6b62\u5e9f\u9664\u5149\u7eea\u3001\u53e6\u7acb\u65b0\u541b\u4e4b\u4e3e\u30021899\u5e74\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u56e0\u607c\u6012\u5149\u7eea\u7687\u5e1d\u91cd\u7528\u5eb7\u6709\u4e3a\u63a8\u884c\u65b0\u653f\uff0c\u62df\u5c06\u5176\u5e9f\u9edc\uff0c\u53e6\u7acb\u65b0\u541b\uff0c\u5e76\u81f4\u7535\u5404\u7701\u7763\u629a\uff0c\u5f81\u8be2\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u4e24\u6c5f\u603b\u7763\u5218\u5764\u4e00\u81f4\u7535\u6e05\u5ef7\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201c\u541b\u81e3\u4e4b\u5206\u5df2\u5b9a\uff0c\u5929\u4e0b\u4e4b\u53e3\u96be\u9632\u201d\u3002\u8363\u7984\u6536\u5230\u5218\u5764\u4e00\u7535\u62a5\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u907d\u594f\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u6148\u79a7\u56de\u5fc3\u8f6c\u610f\uff0c\u4fbf\u5229\u7528\u547d\u7406\u4e4b\u8bf4\u4ee5\u963b\u5176\u4e8b\u3002\u65f6\u5730\u5b89\u95e8\u5185\u6709\u4e00\u77bd\u8005\uff0c\u59d3\u8d75\uff0c\u5584\u6885\u82b1\u6613\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u4eac\u57ce\u9887\u6709\u540d\u6c14\u3002\u6148\u79a7\u66fe\u6d3e\u4eba\u5411\u5176\u95ee\u5409\u51f6\u3002\u8363\u7984\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4fbf\u6d3e\u4eba\u5230\u5173\u5e1d\u5e99\u6c42\u4e00\u7b7e\uff0c\u53c8\u5230\u8d75\u67d0\u5904\u5360\u4e86\u4e00\u5366\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6000\u7b7e\u5165\u671d\u3002\u6148\u79a7\u95ee\u8d77\u5404\u5730\u7763\u629a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e9f\u7acb\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u8363\u7984\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u5404\u5730\u590d\u7535\u8fdf\u8fdf\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u5974\u624d\u4e5f\u65f6\u65f6\u6302\u5ff5\u3002\u6628\u5929\u5230\u5173\u5e1d\u5e99\u6c42\u7b7e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5409\u3002\u518d\u5230\u8d75\u778e\u5b50\u90a3\u91cc\u95ee\u535c\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u5409\uff0c\u9887\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5fe7\u3002\u6148\u79a7\u95ee\u5176\u8bcd\u4f55\u5982\uff0c\u8363\u7984\u4ece\u6000\u91cc\u53d6\u51fa\u7b7e\u6587\u5448\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u610f\u7686\u4e91\u4e0d\u53ef\u5984\u52a8\uff0c\u52a8\u5219\u6709\u6094\u3002\u6148\u79a7\u9ed8\u4e4b\u3002\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e24\u5929\uff0c\u5979\u6536\u56de\u4e86\u5e9f\u7acb\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002(28)<\/p>\n

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\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u665a\u6e05\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u3001\u8bb2\u7a76\u5360\u535c\u3001\u582a\u8206\u3001\u76f8\u9762\u3001\u6276\u4e69\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u666e\u904d\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8bfb\u4e66\u4eba\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u65b0\u5f0f\u8bfb\u4e66\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u7406\u5174\u8da3<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u4ee5\u5e38\u7406\u800c\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u4e49\u7b3c\u7f69\u4e0b\uff0c\u5360\u535c\u4e4b\u7c7b\u547d\u7406\u6587\u5316\u5e94\u8be5\u5168\u65e0\u5e02\u573a\u4e86\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5374\u4e0d\u7136\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u547d\u7406\u6587\u5316\u4f9d\u7136\u76f8\u5f53\u5174\u76db\uff0c\u5360\u535c\u3001\u6276\u4e69\u76db\u884c\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u8881\u6811\u73ca\u3001\u97e6\u5343\u91cc\u3001\u5f90\u4e50\u543e\u7b49\u4e00\u6279\u4ece\u4e8b\u5360\u535c\u7b49\u547d\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u540d\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8bfb\u4e66\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u5360\u535c\u3001\u6276\u4e69\u3001\u582a\u8206\u7b49\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u97e6\u5343\u91cc\u672c\u4eba\u4fbf\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u6587\u5b66\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5206\u4e24\u7c7b\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u5e76\u81ea\u5df1\u53c2\u4e0e\u5360\u535c\u7b49\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u76f8\u4fe1\u5360\u535c\u7b49\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea\u5df1\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u524d\u7c7b\u4eba\u7269\u4ee5\u4e25\u590d\u3001\u5434\u5b93\u3001\u6c88\u6709\u9f0e\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e25\u590d(1854\uff5e1921)\u662f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u63a5\u53d7\u897f\u5b66\u3001\u5f15\u8fdb\u897f\u5b66\u7684\u5148\u9a71\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u547d\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u6df1\u901a\u5360\u535c\u4e4b\u672f\uff0c\u9047\u4e8b\u7231\u535c\uff0c\u535c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u5bb6\u4e8b\u3001\u56fd\u4e8b\u3001\u8d22\u5bcc\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u5b98\u8fd0\u3001\u5a5a\u59fb\u3001\u6d41\u5e74\u3001\u89c1\u5ba2\u7b49\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u535c\u4e5f\u4ee3\u5144\u5f1f\u59ca\u59b9\u535c\u3002\u4ee51911\u5e74\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e74\u4ed6\u89c1\u4e8e\u65e5\u8bb0\u7684\u5360\u535c\u6d3b\u52a8\u5c31\u670920\u6b21\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5360\u8d224\u6b21(\u5305\u62ec\u5f00\u94fa\u3001\u51fa\u5916\u8d38\u6613)\uff0c\u4e3a\u5144\u3001\u5f1f\u3001\u59b9\u535c4\u6b21\u3002\u5179\u4e3e\u51e0\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u6708\u5341\u4e00\u65e5(2\u67089\u65e5)\uff0c\u201c\u5360\u8d22\uff0c\u5927\u6709\u3002\u5bc5\u6728\u8d22\u723b\u6781\u65fa\uff0c\u867d\u7a7a\u4e0d\u7a7a\u3002\u4e16\u723b\u6697\u52a8\uff0c\u5df3\u5b98\u751f\u4e4b\uff0c\u5bc5\u723b\u514b\u4e4b\u3002\u6b64\u5bcc\u8d35\u903c\u4eba\u4e4b\u5366\u4e5f\uff0c\u65ad\u5176\u5fc5\u5f97\u3002\u540e\u679c\u4e8e\u7532\u5bc5\u5b9e\u7a7a\u4e4b\u65e5\u5f97\u4e4b\u3002\u201d(33)<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u6708\u5eff\u4e8c\u65e5(2\u670820\u65e5)\uff0c\u201c\u5360\u5f00\u94fa\uff0c\u5f97\u826e\u4e4b\u660e\u5937\u3002\u5366\u9022\u516d\u51b2\uff0c\u5bc5\u6728\u65fa\uff0c\u5b98\u6301\u4e16\uff0c\u7136\u9047\u65e5\u8fb0\u53d8\u723b\uff0c\u4e24\u91cd\u514b\u5236\uff0c\u8fb0\u571f\u52ab\u723b\uff0c\u53d1\u4e8e\u8427\u5899\u4e4b\u5185\u3002\u6b64\u5360\u5f53\u4e3b\u4e0d\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4eba\u65e0\u5927\u635f\u8033\u3002\u4f46\u5366\u4e2d\u5b50\u6c34\u8d22\u723b\u843d\u7a7a\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e3b\u8d22\u5c3d\u3002\u65f6\u81f3\u79cb\u5929\uff0c\u91d1\u5c3d\u6728\u8870\uff0c\u8bf8\u51f6\u89c1\u77e3\u3002\u201d(34)<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u65e5(3\u670827\u65e5)\uff0c\u201c\u826e\u4e4b\u9890\uff0c\u5360\u5347\u5b98\u3002\u5bc5\u6708\u4e19\u7533\u53e3\u5360\uff0c\u5366\u65fa\u5b98\u4e34\u4e16\uff0c\u5fc5\u4e3b\u5347\u5b98\u3002\u6240\u6068\u7533\u8fb0\u4e00\u4e8c\u723b\u4ec7\u5fcc\u540c\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u5fcc\u795e\u53c8\u5f97\u56de\u5934\u4e4b\u751f\uff0c\u590d\u514b\u4e8e\u65e5\uff0c\u76ee\u4e0b\u6b86\u96be\u5f97\u610f\u3002\u5dee\u559c\u7533\u5b50\u8fb0\u5408\u6210\u751f\u5c40\uff0c\u7136\u987b\u5019\u8fb0\u571f\u51fa\u7a7a\u4e4b\u65e5\uff0c\u5176\u4e09\u6708\u4e4e?\u4e16\u5b98\u7686\u5728\u4e0a\u723b\uff0c\u6240\u4efb\u8005\u5fc5\u5728\u8fdc\u65b9\u4e5f\u3002\u540e\u4e8e\u4e09\u6708\u5347\u4e91\u5357\u4e91\u3002\u201d(35)<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u6708\u5eff\u4e5d\u65e5(3\u670829\u65e5)\uff0c\u201c\u536f\u6708\u7532\u5bc5\u65e5\uff0c\u5360\u98ce\u6c34\uff0c\u56f0\u4e4b\u8282\u3002\u5366\u7531\u516d\u5408\u5316\uff0c\u516d\u5408\u672c\u662f\u5409\u5360\uff0c\u53c8\u5f97\u65e5\u6708\u6276\u690d\u4e4b\uff0c\u65fa\u8d22\u6301\u4e16\uff0c\u800c\u5316\u56de\u5934\uff0c\u751f\u4e4b\u5e94\u723b\uff0c\u751f\u4e4b\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u53ef\u8c13\u7f8e\u6ee1\u77e3\u3002\u201d(36)<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u6708\u521d\u5341\u65e5(6\u67086\u65e5)\u201c\u5360\u5f1f\u88ab\u8bba\u5409\u51f6\uff0c\u5f97\u56f0\u53d8\u6052\u3001\u91d1\u3002\u5348\u9b3c\u6781\u65fa\u800c\u52a8\uff0c\u5316\u5144\u5f1f\u800c\u7528\u723b\uff0c\u53c8\u5316\u9000\u795e\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u6beb\u65e0\u751f\u6276\uff0c\u5176\u51f6\u5fc5\u77e3\u3002\u867d\u5f97\u751f\u4e8e\u65e5\u8fb0\uff0c\u6050\u4e0d\u654c\u4e5f\u3002\u540e\u4e8e\u7533\u5e74\uff0c\u9042\u88ab\u6781\u5211\u3002\u201d(37)<\/p>\n

\u95f0\u516d\u6708\u5eff\u4e00\u65e5(8\u670815\u65e5)\uff0c\u201c\u5360\u5a5a\u800c\u5f97\u65e5\u503c\u4e4b\uff0c\u5144\u5f1f\u6301\u4e16\uff0c\u5366\u7531\u516d\u51b2\u800c\u53d8\u516d\u5408\u3002\u7236\u723b\u53d1\u52a8\u751f\u4e16\uff0c\u5e94\u4e3a\u5fcc\u795e\uff0c\u4e0e\u536f\u6728\u540c\u52a8\uff0c\u5316\u514b\u4e3a\u751f\uff0c\u5f53\u4e3b\u79bb\u800c\u590d\u5408\u3002\u201d(38)<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5360\u535c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e00\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u7559\u610f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u5904\u65e5\u540e\u8865\u8bb0\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u3002\u4ece\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5366\u8c61\u3001\u723b\u8f9e\u7684\u89e3\u8bfb\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e25\u590d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5360\u535c\u76f8\u5f53\u5185\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u7528\u672f\u8bed\u3001\u63a8\u7b97\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u5409\u3001\u51f6\u3001\u751f\u3001\u514b\u3001\u51b2\u3001\u5408\u3001\u52a8\u3001\u5316\u7b49\uff0c\u4e2d\u89c4\u4e2d\u77e9\uff0c\u4e0e\u901a\u884c\u7684\u516b\u5366\u4e94\u884c\u5b66\u7406\u5b8c\u5168\u543b\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u4ee3\u8bfb\u4e66\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e25\u590d\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f8\u4fe1\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fe1\u9b3c\u795e\uff0c\u81ea\u79f0\u201c\u751f\u5e73\u672a\u95fb\u4e00\u9b3c\uff0c\u672a\u9047\u4e00\u72d0\u3002\u4e0d\u4f46\u641c\u795e\u5fd7\u602a\uff0c\u4e00\u4ee5\u8c2c\u60a0\u89c6\u4e4b\uff1b\u5373\u6709\u5148\u8f88\u6240\u8c08\uff0c\u4ea6\u53cd\u590d\u4e8e\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u96be\u4fe1\u201d\u3002(39)\u4f46\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5360\u535c\u7684\u70ed\u8877\u3002<\/p>\n

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1910\u5e74\uff0c\u5434\u5b93\u5373\u5c06\u79bb\u5f00\u9655\u897f\u8001\u5bb6\u8d74\u4eac\u53c2\u52a0\u6e05\u534e\u7559\u7f8e\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5165\u5b66\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u52a8\u8eab\u524d\u4ed6\u5360\u535c\u524d\u7a0b\uff0c\u5366\u8bed\u4e91\uff1a\u201c\u6d77\u6ce2\u4e24\u5934\u9ad8\uff0c\u98de\u84ec\u9a7e\u516d\u9ccc\u3002\u5c45\u4e2d\u80fd\u9a6d\u4f7f\uff0c\u4f55\u6015\u6d89\u98ce\u6d9b?\u201d\u5f53\u65f6\u5434\u5b93\u4e0d\u61c2\u5366\u8bed\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u76f4\u52301919\u5e74\u4ed6\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u5df2\u4e24\u5e74\u591a\uff0c\u8fd8\u5bf9\u5366\u8bed\u8bb0\u5fc6\u72b9\u65b0\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b64\u5366\u7684\u8981\u70b9\u662f\u201c\u5c45\u4e2d\u201d\u4e8c\u5b57\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u5eb8\u201d\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5360\u535c\u4e00\u4e8b\u5f88\u662f\u5728\u5fc3\u3002\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5434\u5b93\u9047\u5230\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u52a8\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u65f6\u5e38\u5360\u535c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e3a\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u5b89\u5371(40)\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u5de5\u4f5c\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002(41)\u5434\u5b93\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u547d\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u547d\u8fd0\u5360\u535c\uff1a<\/p>\n

1937\u5e747\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u65e5\u519b\u98de\u673a\u8f70\u70b8\u5e76\u51c6\u5907\u5360\u9886\u5317\u5e73\uff0c\u5e73\u6d25\u536b\u620d\u53f8\u4ee4\u5b8b\u54f2\u5143\u5c06\u519b\u51b3\u610f\u62b5\u6297\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u5434\u5b93\u3001\u9648\u5bc5\u606a\u5747\u5728\u5317\u5e73\uff0c\u6df1\u4e3a\u5317\u4eac\u4e0e\u6574\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u547d\u8fd0\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002\u5434\u5b93\u4ee5\u300a\u5468\u6613\u300b\u5360\u535c\uff0c\u5f97\u201c\u89e3\u201d\u5366\uff0c\u5176\u8f9e\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u5229\u897f\u5357\uff0c\u65e0\u6240\u5f80\u4e5f\uff0c\u5176\u6765\u590d\u5409\uff0c\u6709\u6538\u5f80\uff0c\u5919\u5409\u3002\u201d\u5366\u6587\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u5929\u5730\u89e3\u800c\u96f7\u96e8\u4f5c\uff0c\u96f7\u96e8\u4f5c\u800c\u767e\u679c\u8349\u6728\u7686\u7532\u577c\uff0c\u89e3\u4e4b\u65f6\u5927\u77e3\u54c9\u3002\u201d\u5434\u5b93\u611f\u5230\u6b64\u5366\u4e0d\u597d\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5360\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u6b64\u4e8b\u4f53\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4e13\u95e8\u8bf7\u6559\u4e86\u9648\u5bc5\u606a(1890\uff5e1969)\u3002\u9648\u5e76\u672a\u9a6c\u4e0a\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u4f1a\uff0c\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u7ed9\u5434\uff0c\u79f0\u201c\u6b64\u662f\u5409\u5366\u201d\u3002(42)\u5434\u5b93\u8212\u4e86\u4e00\u53e3\u6c14\uff0c\u548c\u8863\u800c\u5367\u3002\u5366\u8f9e\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u201c\u897f\u5357\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u5929\u516b\u5366\u4e2d\u662f\u5764\u5366\uff0c\u6545\u4e3a\u5409\u3002\u4ece\u5168\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u547d\u8fd0\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u786e\u6700\u540e\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6297\u6218\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bf4\u662f\u5409\u5366\u4e5f\u6709\u9053\u7406\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5434\u5b93\u5bf9\u6b64\u5366\u662f\u5426\u5409\u5229\u5c06\u4fe1\u5c06\u7591\uff0c\u6b21\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u53c8\u7528\u300a\u6613\u7ecf\u300b\u5360\u535c\uff0c\u5f97\u201c\u664b\u201d\u5366\u4e4b\u516d\u4e8c\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u4ea6\u5409\u3002<\/p>\n

\u66fe\u7559\u5b66\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6c88\u6709\u9f0e\u9177\u597d\u5360\u535c\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u6c34\u5e73\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002\u6c88\u6709\u9f0e(1908\uff5e1989)\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u5f00\u62d3\u8005\u3001\u5148\u884c\u8005\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u897f\u5357\u8054\u5408\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6297\u6218\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u897f\u5357\u8054\u5927\u4efb\u6559\u7684\u5434\u5b93\u3001\u94b1\u7a46\u548c\u6c88\u6709\u9f0e\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u4e34\u65f6\u501f\u4f4f\u5728\u4e91\u5357\u8499\u81ea\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u6cd5\u56fd\u533b\u9662\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u4f20\u8a00\u65e5\u519b\u98de\u673a\u8981\u8f70\u70b8\u8be5\u5730\uff0c\u6c88\u6709\u9f0e\u81ea\u8a00\u80fd\u5360\u535c\uff0c\u4f17\u4eba\u9042\u8bf7\u5176\u8bd5\u5360\u3002\u94b1\u7a46\u8bb0\u5176\u4e8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u67d0\u591c\uff0c\u4f17\u8bf7\u6709\u9f0e\u8bd5\u5360\uff0c\u5f97\u8282\u4e4b\u4e5d\u4e8c\uff0c\u7ffb\u4e66\u68c0\u4e4b\uff0c\u7adf\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u51fa\u95e8\u5ead\u51f6\u201d\u4e94\u5b57\u3002\u4f17\u5927\u60ca\u3002\u9042\u5b9a\u6bcf\u6668\u8d77\uff0c\u65e9\u9910\u540e\u5373\u51fa\u95e8\uff0c\u62e9\u91ce\u5916\u6797\u77f3\u80dc\u5904\uff0c\u6216\u5750\u6216\u5367\uff0c\u5404\u51fa\u6240\u643a\u4e66\u9605\u4e4b\u3002\u968f\u5e26\u9762\u5305\u706b\u817f\u725b\u8089\u4f5c\u5348\u9910\uff0c\u70ed\u6c34\u74f6\u4e2d\u88c5\u8336\u89e3\u6e34\uff0c\u4e0b\u5348\u56db\u65f6\u540e\u59cb\u5f52\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6570\u65e5\u540e\uff0c\u654c\u673a\u679c\u6765\uff0c\u4e43\u8bef\u70b8\u57ce\u4e2d\u5e02\u533a\uff0c\u591a\u5904\u88ab\u8f70\u70b8\uff0c\u53d7\u7978\u60e8\u70c8\u3002\u800c\u57ce\u5916\u4ec5\u53d7\u865a\u60ca\uff0c\u7a7a\u519b\u57fa\u5730\u65e0\u6059\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u533b\u9662\u4ea6\u65e0\u6059\u3002(43)<\/p>\n

\u6c88\u6709\u9f0e\u7684\u5360\u535c\u5728\u897f\u5357\u8054\u5927\u540d\u6ee1\u6821\u56ed\u3002\u4ed6\u7528\u7eb8\u679a\u4ee3\u66ff\u84cd\u8349\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5468\u6613\u5360\u535c\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u897f\u5357\u8054\u5927\u4e00\u666f\u3002\u95fb\u4e00\u591a\u6709\u8bd7\u4e91\uff1a\u201c\u60df\u6709\u54f2\u5b66\u6700\u8be1\u6062\uff0c\u91d1\u516c\u773c\u7f69\u90d1\u516c\u676f\u3002\u541f\u8bd7\u9a6c\u4e8c\u8bc4\u7ea2\u8896\uff0c\u5360\u535c\u5197\u4e09\u7528\u7eb8\u679a\u3002\u201d(44)\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u53e5\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u7684\u6c88\u6709\u9f0e\u5360\u535c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540e\u4e00\u7c7b\u4eba\u7269\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u5179\u4ee5\u7a46\u85d5\u521d\u3001\u4e01\u798f\u4fdd\u3001\u94b1\u7a46\u3001\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u7b49\u4eba\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7a46\u85d5\u521d(1876\uff5e1943)\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\uff0c1909\u5e74\u7559\u5b66\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u5728\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u661f\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u4f0a\u5229\u8bfa\u4f0a\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u519c\u5de5\u4e13\u4fee\u5b66\u6821\u5b66\u4e60\u519c\u79d1\u3001\u7eba\u7ec7\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\uff0c1914\u5e74\u83b7\u519c\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u662f\u6c11\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u5b9e\u4e1a\u5bb6\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u5546\u90e8\u5e38\u52a1\u6b21\u957f\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u62bd\u7b7e\u4e0e\u770b\u98ce\u6c34\u90fd\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002<\/p>\n

1920\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u7a46\u85d5\u521d\u4e0e\u848b\u68a6\u9e9f(1886\uff5e1964)\u540c\u6e38\u5317\u4eac\u5587\u561b\u5e99\uff0c\u5728\u5173\u5e1d\u795e\u524d\u5404\u6c42\u4e00\u7b7e\u3002\u5176\u65f6\u5317\u5927\u6b63\u95f9\u5b66\u6f6e\uff0c\u848b\u68a6\u9e9f\u4ee3\u7406\u6821\u957f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u848b\u6b32\u8be2\u5927\u5b66\u4e4b\u524d\u9014\uff0c\u7a46\u5219\u8be2\u4e00\u751f\u4f11\u548e\u3002\u7a46\u85d5\u521d\u5f97\u7b7e\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u81ea\u79f0\u7b7e\u8bed\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5fc3\u4e2d\u6240\u76f8\u4e4b\u4e8b\u4e00\u4e00\u543b\u5408\uff0c\u848b\u68a6\u9e9f\u6240\u5f97\u7b7e\u8bed\u4e0e\u4ed6\u6240\u6c42\u4e4b\u4e8b\u4e5f\u5f88\u543b\u5408\u3002\u7a46\u85d5\u521d\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u8fe8\u68c0\u9605\u7b7e\u4e66\uff0c\u4f59\u7b49\u4e0d\u89c9\u6bdb\u9aa8\u609a\u7136\u3002\u4f59\u6240\u5f97\u4e4b\u7b2c\u4e03\u5341\u516b\u7b7e\u4e91\uff1a\u201c\u5bb6\u9053\u4e30\u8174\u81ea\u9971\u6e29\uff0c\u4e5f\u987b\u809a\u91cc\u7acb\u4e7e\u5764\uff1b\u8d22\u591a\u5bb3\u5df1\u541b\u5f53\u7701\uff0c\u798f\u6709\u80da\u80ce\u7978\u6709\u95e8\u3002\u201d\u848b\u541b\u6240\u5f97\u4e4b\u7b2c\u516d\u5341\u4e00\u7b7e\u4e91\uff1a\u201c\u5578\u805a\u5c71\u6797\u51f6\u6076\u4fe6\uff0c\u5584\u826f\u65e0\u4e8b\u82e6\u714e\u5fe7\uff1b\u4e3b\u4eba\u5927\u7b11\u51fa\u95e8\u53bb\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u5e72\u6208\u76d7\u8d3c\u4f11\u3002\u201d\u6b64\u4e8c\u7b7e\u4e66\u4e0a\u6240\u4e91\uff0c\u4f59\u4e8e\u848b\u541b\u6240\u9047\uff0c\u786e\u6709\u6b64\u60c5\u3002\u4e00\u82e5\u9ed8\u77e5\u4f59\u4e4b\u6350\u8d44\u52a9\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u4f59\u575a\u51b3\u4e3a\u6b64\uff1b\u4e00\u5219\u6307\u793a\u5317\u5927\u98ce\u6f6e\uff0c\u4e0d\u96be\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u4e0d\u53ca\u4e24\u6708\uff0c\u67d0\u7cfb\u5931\u52bf\uff0c\u8f69\u7136\u5927\u6ce2\u7adf\u6307\u65e5\u8361\u5e73\u3002\u751a\u77e3\uff0c\u51a5\u51a5\u662d\u662d\u4e4b\u6beb\u53d1\u65e0\u95f4\u4e5f\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u3002(45)<\/p>\n

\u7a46\u85d5\u521d\u7528\u201c\u6bdb\u9aa8\u609a\u7136\u201d\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u8db3\u89c1\u523a\u6fc0\u4e4b\u5f3a\u70c8!<\/p>\n

1923\u5e74\uff0c\u7a46\u85d5\u521d\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u68c9\u7eba\u7ec7\u4e1a\u4ece\u9ad8\u5cf0\u8dcc\u5165\u4f4e\u8c37\u3002\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf7\u98ce\u6c34\u5e08\u8c08\u517b\u543e\u6765\u5bb6\u91cc\u5bdf\u770b\u98ce\u6c34\u3002\u8c08\u6c0f\u79f0\u5176\u56ed\u5185\u6c7d\u8f66\u4e4b\u8def\u3001\u56ed\u5899\u94c1\u95e8\u6321\u4f4f\u4e86\u8d22\u6c14\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5357\u79fb\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5c3a\u3002\u7a46\u85d5\u521d\u7acb\u5373\u901a\u77e5\u5efa\u7b51\u516c\u53f8\u5982\u6cd5\u6539\u9020\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ecf\u6b64\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u4f01\u4e1a\u679c\u7136\u5426\u6781\u6cf0\u6765\u3002\u7a46\u85d5\u521d\u7531\u6b64\u5bf9\u98ce\u6c34\u6df1\u4fe1\u4e0d\u7591\uff0c\u6bcf\u6708\u6d25\u8d34\u8c08\u517b\u543e\u4e94\u5341\u5143\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5176\u6240\u4f5c\u98ce\u6c34\u4e66\u5199\u5e8f\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u542c\u4fe1\u8c08\u517b\u543e\u4e4b\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u65e0\u9521\u8d2d\u5893\u5730\u4e00\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u6253\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5b98\u53f8\u3002\u4ed6\u65e5\u540e\u5728\u82cf\u5dde\u5584\u4eba\u6865\u4e00\u5e26\u6240\u8d2d\u7f6e\u7684\u5bff\u8314\uff0c\u4ea6\u7cfb\u8c08\u517b\u543e\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7a46\u85d5\u521d\u4e4b\u5b50\u56de\u5fc6\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u7fcc\u5e74\u5c81\u6b21\u7532\u5b50\u5143\u65e6\uff0c\u7eb1\u5e03\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u4e94\u4f4d\u5927\u80a1\u4e1c\u8e0f\u4e0a\u6b64\u65b0\u8def\u800c\u5165\u6211\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u679c\u7136\u5426\u6781\u6cf0\u6765\uff0c\u5409\u4eba\u5929\u76f8\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a8\u58f0\u8272\u5e73\u5b89\u5ea6\u8fc7\u96be\u5173\u3002\u6211\u7236\u56e0\u4ee5\u6df1\u4fe1\u98ce\u6c34\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c08\u67d0\u6709\u597d\u611f\u3002\u6b32\u6df1\u9020\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f9b\u4e4b\u540c\u597d\u8005\uff0c\u6bcf\u6708\u6d25\u8d34\u8c08\u4e94\u5341\u5143\u751f\u6d3b\u8d39\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e13\u653b\u6b64\u672f\u3002\u4e14\u591a\u65b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e8e\u4eba\uff0c\u8c08\u67d0\u7adf\u8f9e\u53bb\u7535\u62a5\u5c40\u4e4b\u7ec8\u751f\u804c\u3002\u5176\u65f6\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u7559\u7f8e\u65f6\u540c\u5b66\u5bc4\u6765\u4e00\u5c01\u82f1\u6587\u4fe1\uff0c\u529d\u6211\u7236\u52ff\u4fe1\u98ce\u6c34\u3002\u6211\u7236\u4e4b\u5fc3\u5df2\u575a\uff0c\u4e0d\u7eb3\u5176\u529d\u3002(46)<\/p>\n

\u4e01\u798f\u4fdd(1874\uff5e1952)\uff0c\u66fe\u7559\u5b66\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u533b\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u4f5b\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6e05\u672b\u6c11\u521d\u76f8\u5f53\u6709\u540d\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u6587\u5316\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u6df1\u4fe1\u6d4b\u5b57\u5360\u535c\uff0c\u8fd8\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5357\u4eac\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6797\u68ee\u53c2\u4e0e\u5176\u4e8b\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6797\u68ee\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e3a\u4e86\u8c03\u89e3\u56fd\u4e8b\u7ea0\u7eb7\uff0c\u8981\u5230\u798f\u5efa\u53bb\u8d70\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8270\u5de8\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6709\u88ab\u6263\u7559\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u201d\u53bb\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u53bb\uff0c\u6797\u68ee\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e0d\u51b3\u3002\u4e01\u798f\u4fdd\u5efa\u8bae\u6797\u68ee\uff1a\u201c\u4f55\u4e0d\u5230\u6b64\u95f4\u8457\u540d\u6d4b\u5b57\u540d\u5bb6\u4e01\u592a\u708e\u5904\u53bb\u6d4b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u518d\u5b9a\u53bb\u7559\u3002\u201d\u6797\u68ee\u81ea1932\u5e74\u8d77\u63a5\u66ff\u848b\u4e2d\u6b63\u62c5\u4efb\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u62c5\u5fc3\u6d4b\u5b57\u4e4b\u884c\u8e2a\u60f9\u4eba\u77a9\u76ee\uff0c\u4fbf\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u53ef\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u4f4d\u6d4b\u5b57\u5148\u751f\u8bf7\u6765\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4e00\u8c08\u3002\u201d\u4e01\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u5fc5\uff0c\u81ea\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u3002\u201d\u8bf4\u7f62\uff0c\u5c31\u8bf7\u6797\u68ee\u53e3\u5360\u4e00\u5b57\uff0c\u6797\u8bf4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u798f\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4e01\u798f\u4fdd\u4fbf\u8bf7\u9648\u5b58\u4ec1\u5230\u4e01\u592a\u708e\u5904\u4ee3\u4e3a\u6d4b\u5b57\u3002\u9648\u5b58\u4ec1\u9762\u89c1\u4e01\u592a\u708e\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u4ee3\u6797\u68ee\u6d4b\u4e86\u5b57\uff0c\u8fd8\u4ee3\u4e01\u798f\u4fdd\u6d4b\u4e86\u5b57\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u4e58\u4fbf\u6d4b\u4e86\u5b57\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\u4e01\u592a\u708e\u4e3a\u6797\u68ee\u3001\u4e01\u798f\u4fdd\u3001\u9648\u5b58\u4ec1\u4e09\u4eba\u6240\u6d4b\uff0c\u5747\u5f88\u7075\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e09\u4eba\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u5f88\u76f8\u4fe1\u3002(47)<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u7275\u626f\u51fa\u4e0e\u547d\u7406\u6587\u5316\u6709\u5173\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u4e01\u798f\u4fdd\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e01\u592a\u708e\u662f\u6e05\u672b\u6c11\u521d\u547d\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u8457\u540d\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u672b\u5e74\uff0c\u4e01\u592a\u708e\u5728\u4eac\u5e08\u94a6\u5929\u76d1\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6148\u79a7\u592a\u540e\u75c5\u91cd\u65f6\uff0c\u674e\u83b2\u82f1\u5230\u4ed6\u90a3\u91cc\u53bb\u6d4b\u5b57\uff0c\u4ed6\u65ad\u7136\u8bf4\u6240\u6d4b\u4e24\u5b57\u662f\u201c\u4e24\u9f99\u5bbe\u5929\u201d\u4e4b\u5146\u3002\u674e\u65a5\u5176\u8352\u5510\u3002\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u5f00\uff0c\u4e01\u88ab\u62d8\u5165\u72f1\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5149\u7eea\u4e0e\u6148\u79a7\u5148\u540e\u9a7e\u5d29\uff0c\u5e94\u4e86\u4e01\u7684\u9884\u8a00\u3002\u6444\u653f\u738b\u8f7d\u6ca3\u6267\u653f\u540e\uff0c\u4e01\u592a\u708e\u83b7\u91ca\uff0c\u9003\u5230\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u4ee5\u6d4b\u5b57\u4e3a\u4e1a\u3002\u9648\u5b58\u4ec1(1908\uff5e1990)\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e2d\u533b\u4e13\u95e8\u5b66\u6821\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e3a\u8457\u540d\u4e2d\u533b\u3002\u6797\u68ee(1868\uff5e1943)\uff0c\u798f\u5efa\u95fd\u4faf\u4eba\uff0c\u65e9\u5e74\u5728\u6559\u4f1a\u5b66\u6821\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\uff0c1883\u5e74\u8003\u5165\u53f0\u6e7e\u4e2d\u897f\u5b66\u5802\u7535\u79d1\u30021902\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u3001\u6c5f\u897f\u7b49\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u3001\u4e8c\u6b21\u9769\u547d\u7b49\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c1932\u5e74\u51fa\u4efb\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u662f\u8457\u540d\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u3002\u4e01\u798f\u4fdd\u3001\u6797\u68ee\u3001\u9648\u5b58\u4ec1\u90fd\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u65b0\u5f0f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8bfb\u4e66\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e09\u3001\u547d\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7684\u6f14\u53d8<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u6309\u7406\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7981\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e24\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5360\u535c\u4e4b\u7c7b\u547d\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u5e94\u8be5\u9500\u58f0\u533f\u8ff9\u3001\u5168\u65e0\u5e02\u573a\u4e86\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8fdc\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u547d\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u4f9d\u7136\u76f8\u5f53\u6d3b\u8dc3\u30021934\u5e74\uff0c\u9c81\u8fc5\u6279\u8bc4\u547d\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e4b\u7e41\u76db\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97\u4e1c\u4e09\u7701\u6ca6\u4ea1\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u6253\u4ed7\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5728\u53ea\u95fb\u70ae\u58f0\uff0c\u4e0d\u6101\u70ae\u5f39\u7684\u9a6c\u8def\u4e0a\uff0c\u5904\u5904\u5356\u7740\u300a\u63a8\u80cc\u56fe\u300b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u89c1\u4eba\u4eec\u65e9\u60f3\u5f52\u5931\u8d25\u4e4b\u6545\u4e8e\u524d\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002\u4e09\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u534e\u5317\u534e\u5357\uff0c\u540c\u6fd2\u5371\u6025\uff0c\u800c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5374\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u789f\u4ed9\u201d\u3002\u524d\u8005\u6240\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u56fd\u8fd0\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5374\u53ea\u5728\u95ee\u8bd5\u9898\uff0c\u5956\u5238\uff0c\u4ea1\u9b42\u3002\u7740\u773c\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u56fa\u5df2\u8fe5\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u540d\u76ee\u5219\u66f4\u52a0\u51a0\u5195\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u201c\u7075\u4e69\u201d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u7559\u5fb7\u5b66\u751f\u767d\u540c\u541b\u6240\u53d1\u660e\u201d\uff0c\u5408\u4e8e\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u3002\u2026\u2026\u4e94\u56db\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u9648\u5927\u9f50\u5148\u751f\u66fe\u4f5c\u8bba\u63ed\u53d1\u8fc7\u6276\u4e69\u7684\u9a97\u4eba\uff0c\u9694\u4e86\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff0c\u767d\u540c\u5148\u751f\u5374\u7528\u789f\u5b50\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u6276\u4e69\u7684\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u771f\u53eb\u4eba\u4ece\u90a3\u91cc\u8bf4\u8d77\u3002(73)<\/p>\n

\u8457\u540d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u8bb8\u5730\u5c71\u66fe\u5bf9\u6276\u4e69\u4f5c\u8fc7\u4e13\u95e8\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u6df1\u6709\u611f\u89e6\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u53d7\u8fc7\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e8b\u7269\u597d\u50cf\u5e94\u5f53\u6301\u70b9\u79d1\u5b66\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u4e2d\u4eba\u4fe1\u6276\u7b95\u7684\u5374\u5f88\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u53ef\u4e3a\u5b66\u672f\u524d\u9014\u53d1\u4e00\u6d69\u53f9\u3002\u201d(74)<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u547d\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u957f\u76db\u4e0d\u8870\u7684\u539f\u56e0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u524d\u4ee3\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u547d\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u4e0a\u6765\u4ea6\u53ef\u8c13\u957f\u76db\u4e0d\u8870\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ece\u8ba4\u77e5\u5c42\u9762\u770b\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u5e76\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u51b3\u547d\u7406\u5b66\u8bf4\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u201c\u4e94\u56db\u201d\u65f6\u671f\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5b9e\u8bc1\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5b9e\u8bc1\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u8fbe\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u672a\u77e5\u9886\u57df\u6c38\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u5df2\u77e5\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u672a\u77e5\u9886\u57df\u6c38\u8fdc\u5947\u4e8e\u5df2\u77e5\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5df2\u77e5\u9886\u57df\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u672a\u77e5\u9886\u57df\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5df2\u77e5\u9886\u57df\u8d8a\u5947\u5999\uff0c\u672a\u77e5\u9886\u57df\u66f4\u5947\u5999\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u601d\u8bae\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u672a\u77e5\u9886\u57df\u5747\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u5165\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4fe1\u5949\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u4fe1\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u9f13\u5439\u4eba\u5b9a\u80dc\u5929\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u867d\u7136\u53cd\u5bf9\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u6d88\u9664\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u8303\u56f4\u5e7f\u6f20\u65e0\u57a0\uff0c\u5176\u5f62\u6001\u5343\u6b8a\u4e07\u522b\uff0c\u5343\u53d8\u4e07\u5316\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u667a\u80fd\u6240\u53ca\u4e4b\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u8f83\u4e4b\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5168\u90e8\u4e4b\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u6781\u4e3a\u72ed\u9698\uff0c\u800c\u667a\u80fd\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ca\u4e4b\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u6b65\u6781\u5feb\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4fb5\u5165\u547d\u8fd0\u4e4b\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u6269\u5f20\u667a\u80fd\u4e4b\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u7136\u667a\u80fd\u6240\u53ca\u4e4b\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u603b\u4e3a\u667a\u80fd\u4e0d\u53ca\u4e4b\u533a\u57df\u6240\u5305\u56f4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u667a\u80fd\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u867d\u4e0e\u547d\u8fd0\u4e3a\u4ec7\u654c\uff0c\u65e5\u4e0e\u547d\u8fd0\u76f8\u6297\u8861\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea\u7136\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u5b58\u5728\u5b9e\u8bc1\u79d1\u5b66\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ca\u7684\u5e7f\u9614\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u547d\u7406\u4e4b\u8bf4\u4e5f\u5c31\u6c38\u8fdc\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u5176\u751f\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a76\u5fc3\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8bfb\u4e66\u4eba\uff0c\u5b66\u95ee\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u6240\u77e5\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u61c2\u5f97\u4eba\u7c7b\u672a\u77e5\u9886\u57df\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u660e\u767d\u4eba\u7c7b\u672a\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5bf9\u672a\u77e5\u9886\u57df\u8d8a\u53d1\u656c\u754f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u7ed9\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u547d\u7406\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u89e3\u51b3\u6240\u6709\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u6325\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8bda\u5982\u4e25\u590d\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u76d6\u5b66\u672f\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u800c\u4e16\u95f4\u5fc5\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u8005\u5b58\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u957f\u5b58\uff0c\u5219\u5b97\u6559\u7ec8\u4e0d\u5e9f\u3002\u5b66\u672f\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7a77\uff0c\u5219\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u6240\u7531\u8d77\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e5\u7384\u800c\u65e0\u5e9f\u3002(75)<\/p>\n

\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u547d\u7406\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u7cbe\u81f4\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u591a\u5728\u7269\u6211\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u591a\u5728\u5929\u4eba\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e25\u590d\u3001\u5434\u5b93\u3001\u7a46\u85d5\u521d\u3001\u6c88\u6709\u9f0e\u7b49\u4eba\u867d\u7136\u9971\u53d7\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u4e49\u718f\u9676\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u6709\u575a\u6301\u547d\u7406\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u4e25\u590d\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u4ed6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u897f\u65b9\u5173\u4e8e\u7075\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u552f\u7269\u8bba\u4e0d\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u6709\u5176\u7279\u522b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4e00\u6982\u65a5\u4e3a\u8ff7\u4fe1\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u795e\u79d8\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u672a\u884c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5f80\u8005\u5b97\u6559\u5174\u76db\uff0c\u5e38\u4fd7\u89c6\u542c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u56fa\u7136\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8bde\u5984\u8ff7\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0e\u4ff1\u6df1\uff0c\u60d1\u4e16\u8bec\u6c11\uff0c\u9042\u4e3a\u57a2\u75c5\u3002\u4e09\u767e\u5e74\u79d1\u5b66\u8087\u5f00\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e25\u5de6\u8bc1\uff1b\u53c8\u77e5\u4e3b\u89c2\u591a\u5984\uff0c\u8033\u76ee\u96be\u51ed\uff1b\u7531\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u6240\u4f20\u90fd\u5f52\u795e\u8bdd\u3002\u5219\u6467\u9677\u5ed3\u6e05\u4e4b\u529f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bec\u4e5f\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e16\u95f4\u4e4b\u5927\uff0c\u73b0\u8c61\u4e4b\u591a\uff0c\u5b9e\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u975e\u79d1\u5b66\u516c\u4f8b\u6240\u80fd\u4f5c\u89e3\u8005\u3002\u4f55\u5f97\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5408\u543e\u4f8b\u7136\u9042\u6307\u4e3a\u865a?\u6b64\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u795e\u79d8\u6240\u4ee5\u6e10\u6210\u4e13\u79d1\uff0c\u800c\u7814\u8ba8\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u7686\u4e8e\u79d1\u54f2\u81f3\u6df1\u3002(76)<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5199\u4fe1\u6559\u80b2\u4ed6\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u5207\u4e0d\u53ef\u52a8\u8f84\u6307\u65a5\u522b\u4eba\u4e3a\u8ff7\u4fe1\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5\u8fc7\u6765\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u5b66\u4e9b\u7b97\u6570\u5f62\u5b66\u4e4b\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5929\u4e0b\u4e8b\u7406\uff0c\u9664\u5374\u8033\u76ee\u53ef\u63a5\uff0c\u7406\u6570\u53ef\u901a\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4f59\u7686\u8ff7\u4fe1\u65e0\u7a3d\uff0c\u6b64\u771f\u5927\u9519\u3002\u5230\u957f\u5927\u8bfb\u4e66\u591a\u3001\u89c1\u4e8b\u591a\u65f6\u5f53\u81ea\u77e5\u4e4b\u8033\u3002\u201d(77)\u4ed6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9610\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u81f3\u4e8e\u8ff7\u4fe1\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u543e\u4eca\u4ea6\u8bf4\u4e0e\u6c5d\u66f9\u77e5\u4e4b\uff1a\u987b\u77e5\u4e16\u95f4\u4e00\u5207\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u81ea\u91ca\u3001\u8001\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u8036\u3001\u56de\uff0c\u72b9\u5927\u3001\u706b\u6559\u3001\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\uff0c\u4e00\u4e00\u7686\u6709\u8ff7\u4fe1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u7591\u4e4b\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u800c\u8db3\uff1b\u5373\u8a00\u5b54\u5b50\uff0c\u7eaf\u7528\u4e16\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f3c\u65e0\u8ff7\u4fe1\u53ef\u8a00\u77e3\uff0c\u800c\u53ca\u8a00\u9b3c\u795e\u4e27\u796d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f26\u7406\u5b66Logic\u8a00\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u4e0d\u901a\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u4f46\u82e5\u4e00\u6982\u4e0d\u4fe1\uff0c\u5219\u7acb\u5730\u6210Materialism\uff0c\u6700\u4e0b\u4e58\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b64\u5176\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e00\u4e5f\u3002\u53c8\u4eba\u751f\u9605\u5386\uff0c\u5b9e\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7eaf\u4ee5\u79d1\u5b66\u901a\u8005\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u6562\u5c06\u5e7d\u51a5\u4e4b\u7aef\uff0c\u4e00\u6982\u62b9\u6740\u3002\u8ff7\u4fe1\u8005\u8a00\u5176\u5fc5\u5982\u662f\uff0c\u56fa\u5dee\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ff7\u4fe1\u8005\u8a00\u5176\u5fc5\u4e0d\u5982\u662f\uff0c\u4ea6\u65e0\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u6545\u54f2\u5b66\u5927\u5e08\uff0c\u5982\u8d6b\u9999\u9ece\u3001\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u8bf8\u516c\uff0c\u7686\u4e8e\u6b64\u4e8b\u8c13\u4e4bUnknowable\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u79f0\u4e3aAgnostic\u3002(78)<\/p>\n

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\u518d\u6b21\uff0c\u4ece\u5b9e\u8df5\u5c42\u9762\u770b\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53\u4fe1\u5949\u547d\u7406\u4e4b\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5b9e\u8bc1\u79d1\u5b66\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u3010\u6ce8\u91ca\u3011<\/p>\n

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\u2461\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\uff1a\u300a\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e00\uff0c\u54b8\u4e30\u4e5d\u5e74\u4e09\u6708\u521d\u516b\u65e5\uff0c\u957f\u6c99\uff1a\u5cb3\u9e93\u4e66\u793e\uff0c1994\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c367\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2462\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\uff1a\u300a\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u65e5\u8bb0\u4e8c\uff0c\u540c\u6cbb\u56db\u5e74\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u5341\u4e09\u65e5\uff0c\u7b2c1206\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2463\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\uff1a\u300a\u81f4\u6f84\u5f1f\u300b\uff0c\u54b8\u4e30\u5341\u5e74\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u5eff\u56db\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u5168\u96c6\u00b7\u5bb6\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u957f\u6c99\uff1a\u5cb3\u9e93\u4e66\u793e\uff0c1985\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c623\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2464\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\uff1a\u300a\u81f4\u6c85\u5f1f\u300b\uff0c\u540c\u6cbb\u4e94\u5e74\u56db\u6708\u521d\u4e09\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u5168\u96c6\u00b7\u5bb6\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c419\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2465\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\uff1a\u300a\u81f4\u6f84\u5f1f\u6c85\u5f1f\u300b\uff0c\u540c\u6cbb\u5341\u5e74\u6b63\u6708\u5341\u4e94\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u5168\u96c6\u00b7\u5bb6\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u5cb3\u9e93\u4e66\u793e\uff0c2011\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c551\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2466\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\uff1a\u300a\u81f4\u6c85\u5f1f\u300b\uff0c\u540c\u6cbb\u4e94\u5e74\u56db\u6708\u521d\u56db\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u5168\u96c6\u00b7\u5bb6\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c409\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2467\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\uff1a\u300a\u81f4\u6c85\u5f1f\u300b\uff0c\u54b8\u4e30\u516b\u5e74\u6b63\u6708\u5341\u4e5d\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u5168\u96c6\u00b7\u5bb6\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c329\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u2468\u8bed\u51fa\u300a\u5c1a\u4e66\u00b7\u6b66\u6210\u300b\uff1a\u201c\u738b\u6765\u81ea\u5546\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e30\uff0c\u4e43\u5043\u6b66\u4fee\u6587\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u2469\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\uff1a\u300a\u81f4\u6f84\u5f1f\u6c85\u5f1f\u5b63\u5f1f\u300b\uff0c\u54b8\u4e30\u516b\u5e74\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u66fe\u56fd\u85e9\u5168\u96c6\u00b7\u5bb6\u4e66\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u518c\uff0c\u7b2c445\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(11)\u8d75\u70c8\u6587\uff1a\u300a\u80fd\u9759\u5c45\u58eb\u65e5\u8bb0\u56db\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u592a\u5e73\u5929\u56fd\u53f2\u6599\u4e1b\u7f16\u7b80\u8f91\u300b\u7b2c3\u518c\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1962\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c148\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(12)\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u5b66\u4f1a\u7f16\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u4e1b\u520a\u300a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u300b\u7b2c1\u518c\uff0c\u7b2c231\u9875\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1979\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

(13)\u6bb7\u5146\u955b\u5bf9\u6b64\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u89c1\u6bb7\u5146\u955b\uff1a\u300a\u6bb7\u8c31\u7ecf\u4f8d\u90ce\u81ea\u53d9\u5e74\u8c31\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u53f0\u6e7e\u6587\u6d77\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1968\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c132\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(14)\u51af\u6842\u82ac\u8349\u7a3f\uff1a\u300a\u4e0e\u66fe\u5927\u5e05\u4e66\u300b\u540e\uff0c\u85cf\u4e0a\u6d77\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8d44\u6599\u5ba4\u3002<\/p>\n

(15)\u5d07\u5f5d\uff1a\u300a\u9053\u54b8\u671d\u91ce\u95fb\u89c1\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u89c1\u5b54\u7965\u5409\uff1a\u300a\u4e0d\u95ee\u82cd\u751f\u95ee\u9b3c\u795e\u2014\u2014\u6e05\u4ee3\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u5360\u535c\u98ce\u6c14\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u535a\u89c8\u7fa4\u4e66\u300b2013\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

(16)\u5192\u9e64\u4ead\uff1a\u300a\u5b7d\u6d77\u82b1\u95f2\u8bdd\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u53e4\u4eca\u534a\u6708\u520a\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c42\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

(17)\u9a6c\u53d9\u4f26\uff1a\u300a\u77f3\u5c4b\u4f59\u6c88\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5efa\u6587\u4e66\u5e971948\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c1984\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c170\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(18)\u9648\u70bd\uff1a\u300a\u81f4\u6728\u658b\u4ec1\u68e3\u51fd\u300b\uff0c\u539f\u7a3f\u672c\uff0c\u8f6c\u89c1\u5b54\u7965\u5409\uff1a\u300a\u82f1\u5e74\u4e0e\u665a\u6e05\u5317\u4eac\u98ce\u6c34\u70ed\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u535a\u89c8\u7fa4\u4e66\u300b2011\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4\u201c\u6768\u66fe\u201d\uff0c\u6307\u6768\u7b60\u677e(834\uff5e900)\u3001\u66fe\u6587\u8fbf(854\uff5e916)\uff0c\u4e8c\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5510\u4ee3\u6c5f\u897f\u8457\u540d\u98ce\u6c34\u5e08\uff0c\u88ab\u540e\u4eba\u5949\u4e3a\u98ce\u6c34\u7956\u5e08\u3002<\/p>\n

(19)\u8463\u5bff\u5e73\u7b49\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u6e05\u5b63\u6d2a\u6d1e\u8463\u6c0f\u65e5\u8bb0\u516d\u79cd\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5317\u4eac\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1997\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

(20)\u9648\u5176\u5143\uff1a\u300a\u582a\u8206\u5947\u9a8c\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5eb8\u95f2\u658b\u7b14\u8bb0\u300b\u537712\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1989\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c293\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(21)\u65b9\u5174\u7684\uff1a\u300a\u6e05\u4ee3\u582a\u8206\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u540c\u300b(\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\uff0c2011\u5e74)\u5bf9\u6b64\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

(22)\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u6863\u6848\u9986\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u5149\u7eea\u671d\u6731\u6279\u594f\u6298\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1996\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c627\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(23)\u4e2d\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u6863\u6848\u9986\u85cf\uff1a\u300a\u5149\u7eea\u671d\u6731\u6279\u594f\u6298\u6863\u300b\uff0c\u8f6c\u89c1\u5b54\u7965\u5409\uff1a\u300a\u82f1\u5e74\u4e0e\u665a\u6e05\u5317\u4eac\u98ce\u6c34\u70ed\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u535a\u89c8\u7fa4\u4e66\u300b2011\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

(24)\u5d07\u5f5d\uff1a\u300a\u9053\u54b8\u4ee5\u6765\u671d\u91ce\u6742\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5317\u4eac\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1982\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c24\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(25)\u738b\u7167\u79f0\uff0c\u6b64\u4e8b\u7cfb\u5176\u4e8e1902\u5e74\u6625\u5728\u9187\u4eb2\u738b\u5893\u9644\u8fd1\u4eb2\u81ea\u5411\u6751\u6c11\u8bbf\u95ee\u6240\u6089\uff0c\u6751\u592b\u91ce\u8001\u201c\u5404\u9053\u89c1\u95fb\uff0c\u76f8\u4e0e\u6b37\u6b54\u3002\u6751\u4eba\u5e76\u8a00\u6316\u6839\u65f6\uff0c\u51fa\u5927\u5c0f\u6570\u767e\u5343\u6761\u86c7\uff0c\u8eab\u5927\u8005\u5f84\u5c3a\u4f59\uff0c\u957f\u6570\u4e08\uff0c\u4f65\u66f0\u4e49\u548c\u56e2\u5373\u86c7\u4e4b\u8f6c\u4e16\u62a5\u4ec7\u8005\u201d\u3002\u738b\u7167\u53e3\u8ff0\u3001\u738b\u6811\u67ac\u7b14\u5f55\uff1a\u300a\u5fb7\u5b97\u9057\u4e8b\u300b\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u6392\u5370\u672c\uff0c\u7b2c1\uff5e3\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(26)\u80e1\u601d\u656c\u6240\u8bb0\uff0c\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0e\u738b\u7167\u6240\u8ff0\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u4f53\u60c5\u5f62\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a\u201c\u5175\u90e8\u4f8d\u90ce\u82f1\u5e74\u5584\u582a\u8206\u672f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e5\u6248\u9a7e\u6e38\u9187\u56ed\uff0c\u4ee4\u76f8\u89c6\u56ed\u5730\u5409\u51f6\uff0c\u82f1\u5e74\u9a87\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u662f\u6c14\u5c1a\u65fa\uff0c\u518d\u4e16\u4e3a\u5e1d\u8005\uff0c\u5f53\u4ecd\u5728\u738b\u5bb6\u3002\u2019\u65f6\u5149\u7eea\u5df1\u4ea5\u4e5d\u6708\uff0c\u5df2\u7acb\u6ea5\u4fca\u4e3a\u7687\u5b50\u77e3\u3002\u5b5d\u94a6\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u5929\u4e0b\u5df2\u6709\u6240\u5f52\uff0c\u5f97\u6bcb\u8a00\u4e4b\u5984\u4e4e?\u8bda\u5982\u537f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u4f55\u6cd5\u7834\u4e4b?\u2019\u82f1\u5e74\u987e\u89c6\u5893\u65c1\u6709\u8001\u6978\u4e00\u682a\uff0c\u592d\u77eb\u76d8\u62ff\u4e14\u767e\u5e74\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u6307\u6811\u594f\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u4f10\u6b64\u5219\u6c14\u6cc4\uff0c\u662f\u6216\u53ef\u7834\u4e5f\u3002\u2019\u5b5d\u94a6\u8fd8\u5bab\uff0c\u5373\u9063\u4f7f\u4f10\u6811\u3002\u6811\u575a\u5982\u94c1\uff0c\u65a7\u952f\u4ea4\u65bd\uff0c\u7ec8\u65e5\u4e0d\u80fd\u5165\u5bf8\uff0c\u800c\u8840\u4ece\u6811\u4e2d\u8ff8\u51fa\u3002\u6b21\u65e9\u8d8b\u89c6\uff0c\u65ad\u75d5\u590d\u5408\u5982\u6545\uff0c\u76d1\u5de5\u8005\u60e7\u800c\u8bf7\u6b62\u3002\u5b5d\u94a6\u5927\u6012\uff0c\u81ea\u8be3\u56ed\uff0c\u7763\u6570\u5341\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u5c3d\u4e00\u65e5\u4e4b\u529b\u4ec6\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e2d\u6bd9\u4e00\u5de8\u86c7\uff0c\u5c0f\u86c7\u8815\u8815\u76d8\u4f0f\u65e0\u6570\uff0c\u6025\u805a\u85aa\u711a\u4e4b\uff0c\u81ed\u8fbe\u6570\u91cc\u3002\u540e\u5fb7\u5b97\u85a8\uff0c\u4eca\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7531\u9187\u90b8\u5165\u627f\u5927\u7edf\uff0c\u82f1\u5e74\u4e4b\u8a00\u679c\u9a8c\u3002\u201d\u89c1\u80e1\u601d\u656c\uff1a\u300a\u82f1\u4f8d\u90ce\u76f8\u672f\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u56fd\u95fb\u5907\u4e58\u300b\u53771\u3002<\/p>\n

(27)\u5d07\u5f5d\uff1a\u300a\u9053\u54b8\u4ee5\u6765\u671d\u91ce\u6742\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c17\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(28)\u80e1\u601d\u656c\uff1a\u300a\u56fd\u95fb\u5907\u4e58\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c2007\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c93\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(29)\u65b9\u5174\uff1a\u300a\u6e05\u4ee3\u582a\u8206\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u540c\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\uff0c2011\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c99\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(30)(31)\u5f90\u6da6\uff1a\u300a\u5f90\u611a\u658b\u81ea\u53d9\u5e74\u8c31\u300b\uff0c\u6881\u6587\u751f\u6821\u6ce8\uff0c\u5357\u660c\uff1a\u6c5f\u897f\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2012\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c39\u300142\uff5e43\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(32)\u5f90\u6da6\uff1a\u300a\u5f90\u611a\u658b\u81ea\u53d9\u5e74\u8c31\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c60\uff5e61\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(33)\u738b\u683b\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u4e25\u590d\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c5\u518c\uff0c\u7b2c1506\u9875\u3002\u672b\u53e5\u201c\u540e\u679c\u4e8e\u7532\u5bc5\u5b9e\u7a7a\u4e4b\u65e5\u5f97\u4e4b\u201d\uff0c\u5f53\u7cfb\u4e8b\u540e\u8865\u8bb0\uff0c\u4e3a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6b64\u524d\u6240\u535c\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

(34)(36)(38)\u738b\u683b\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u4e25\u590d\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c5\u518c\uff0c\u7b2c1506\u30011507\u30011510\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(35)(37)\u738b\u683b\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u4e25\u590d\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c5\u518c\uff0c\u7b2c1507\u30011508\u9875\u3002\u672b\u53e5\u5f53\u4e3a\u65e5\u540e\u8865\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n

(39)\u4e25\u590d\uff1a\u300a\u4e0e\u4faf\u6bc5\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u738b\u683b\u4e3b\u7f16\u300a\u4e25\u590d\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c3\u518c\uff0c\u4e66\u4fe1\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1986\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c723\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(40)1939\u5e743\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u5434\u5b93\u5fc3\u795e\u60f6\u6270\u4e0d\u5b81\uff0c\u62c5\u5fe7\u7236\u4eb2\u5728\u897f\u5b89\u9047\u96be\uff0c\u201c\u4e43\u7528\u95ed\u76ee\u5f00\u4e66\uff0c\u624b\u6307\u67d0\u9875\u4e00\u53e5\u4e4b\u6cd5\u5360\u535c\u201d\u3002\u5434\u5b66\u662d\u6574\u7406\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a\u300a\u5434\u5b93\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\u7b2c7\u518c\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u751f\u6d3b\u00b7\u8bfb\u4e66\u00b7\u65b0\u77e5\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c1998\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c10\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(41)1946\u5e747\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u5434\u5b93\u201c\u4ee5\u300a\u84b9\u846d\u697c\u8bd7\u300b\u7977\u535c\u5b93\u672c\u5e74\u5e94\u5728\u6e05\u534e\u6291\u5f80\u6b66\u5927\uff0c\u5f97\u53e5\u4e91\u2018\u4e49\u65b9\u6559\u5b50\u6069\u53ca\u4f84\u2019\u3002\u5b93\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5b50\u6307\u6dd1\uff0c\u4f84\u6307\u514b\u5f3a\uff0c\u6b64\u53e5\u4f3c\u547d\u5b93\u56de\u6e05\u534e\u4e4b\u610f\u201d\u3002\u5434\u5b66\u662d\u6574\u7406\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a\u300a\u5434\u5b93\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c10\u518c\uff0c\u7b2c81\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(42)\u5434\u5b66\u662d\u6574\u7406\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a\u300a\u5434\u5b93\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b\u7b2c6\u518c\uff0c1937\u5e747\u670827\u65e5\uff0c\u7b2c179\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(43)\u94b1\u7a46\uff1a\u300a\u5e08\u53cb\u6742\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u516b\u5341\u5fc6\u53cc\u4eb2\u00b7\u5e08\u53cb\u6742\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u751f\u6d3b\u00b7\u8bfb\u4e66\u00b7\u65b0\u77e5\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c2005\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c208\uff5e209\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(44)\u300a\u4f5c\u8005\u5e74\u8868\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6c88\u6709\u9f0e\u96c6\u300b(\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2006\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c378\u9875)\u3002\u897f\u5357\u8054\u5927\u54f2\u5b66\u7cfb\u7684\u91d1\u5cb3\u9716\u773c\u775b\u6015\u5149\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u6234\u4e00\u526f\u773c\u7f69\u3002\u90d1\u6615\u559c\u6b22\u559d\u9152\u3002\u524d\u4e8c\u53e5\u662f\u6307\u4ed6\u4fe9\u8bf4\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5434\u5b93\u6709\u4e00\u9996\u8bd7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u201c\u76f8\u643a\u7ea2\u8896\u975e\u6625\u610f\u201d\u4e4b\u53e5\uff0c\u51af\u53cb\u5170\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5f88\u5f97\u4f53\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u53e5\u6307\u6b64\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u6c88\u6709\u9f0e\u5360\u535c\u7528\u300a\u5468\u6613\u300b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u7eb8\u679a\u4ee3\u66ff\u84cd\u8349\uff0c\u6545\u4e91\u201c\u5360\u535c\u5197\u4e09\u7528\u7eb8\u679a\u201d\u3002\u4e8b\u89c1\u51af\u53cb\u5170\uff1a\u300a\u4e09\u677e\u5802\u81ea\u5e8f\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u751f\u6d3b\u00b7\u8bfb\u4e66\u00b7\u65b0\u77e5\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c1984\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c100\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(45)\u7a46\u85d5\u521d\uff1a\u300a\u85d5\u521d\u4e94\u5341\u81ea\u8ff0\u300b\uff0c\u7a46\u5bb6\u4fee\u7b49\u7f16\u300a\u7a46\u85d5\u521d\u6587\u96c6(\u589e\u8ba2\u672c)\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c27\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(46)\u7a46\u4f2f\u534e\uff1a\u300a\u5148\u5fb7\u8ffd\u6000\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u672a\u520a\u7a3f\uff0c\u7a46\u85d5\u521d\u66fe\u5b59\u7a46\u4f1f\u6770\u5148\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u987a\u6b64\u81f4\u8c22\u3002<\/p>\n

(47)\u6b64\u4e8b\u9648\u5b58\u4ec1\u5728\u300a\u94f6\u5143\u65f6\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u800c\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u8bb0\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n

(48)(49)\u94b1\u7a46\uff1a\u300a\u516b\u5341\u5fc6\u53cc\u4eb2\u00b7\u5e08\u53cb\u6742\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u751f\u6d3b\u00b7\u8bfb\u4e66\u00b7\u65b0\u77e5\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c1998\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c185\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(50)\u97e6\u5343\u91cc\uff1a\u300a\u5343\u91cc\u547d\u7a3f\u300b\uff0c\u90d1\u5dde\uff1a\u4e2d\u5dde\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1995\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c230\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(51)(52)(54)\u97e6\u5343\u91cc\uff1a\u300a\u5343\u91cc\u547d\u7a3f\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c309\u3001231\u3001\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(53)\u6768\u53d4\u548c\uff1a\u300a\u5343\u91cc\u547d\u7a3f\u5e8f\u300b\uff0c\u97e6\u5343\u91cc\u300a\u5343\u91cc\u547d\u7a3f\u300b\u524d\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n

(55)\u987e\u4e43\u5e73\uff1a\u300a\u5343\u91cc\u547d\u7a3f\u5e8f\u300b\uff0c\u97e6\u5343\u91cc\u300a\u5343\u91cc\u547d\u7a3f\u300b\u524d\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n

(56)\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u5404\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u547d\u7406\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u7e41\u76db\uff1a1934\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5e7f\u5dde\u793e\u4f1a\u5c40\u9886\u6709\u6267\u4e1a\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u7684\u5360\u5366\u7b97\u547d\u4eba\u5458\u6709\u516d\u767e\u591a\u4eba(\u4e8e\u57ce\uff1a\u300a\u5e7f\u4e1c\u65e7\u65f6\u7684\u5360\u5366\u7b97\u547d\u884c\u4e1a\u300b\uff0c\u674e\u79c9\u65b0\u7b49\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c5f\u6e56\u79d8\u95fb\u300b\u4e0b\u518c\uff0c\u77f3\u5bb6\u5e84\uff1a\u6cb3\u5317\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1997\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c135\u9875)\u3002\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u547d\u9986\u5366\u644a\u5145\u65a5\u8857\u5934\u5df7\u5c3e\uff0c\u5185\u4ee5\u5929\u6865\u6700\u591a\u30021915\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u547d\u99868\u5bb6\uff0c\u5366\u644a20\u4f59\u5904\uff0c\u52301918\u5e74\uff0c\u547d\u9986\u589e\u52a0\u523020\u591a\u5bb6\u3002\u4e03\u4e03\u4e8b\u53d8\u540e\uff0c\u547d\u9986\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u5366\u644a\u76f8\u644a\u5374\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u52301949\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u547d\u998620\u4f59\u5904\uff0c\u5366\u644a\u3001\u76f8\u644a\u4e09\u56db\u5341\u5904\uff0c\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u4e00\u767e\u4f59\u4eba(\u80e1\u9053\u751f\uff1a\u300a\u7b97\u5366\u76f8\u9762\u7684\u7bc7\u672f\u300b\uff0c\u674e\u79c9\u65b0\u7b49\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c5f\u6e56\u79d8\u95fb\u300b\u4e0b\u518c\uff0c\u7b2c173\u9875)\u30021949\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u6c88\u9633\u4ece\u4e8b\u5360\u535c\u582a\u8206\u4e1a\u7684\u4faf\u4ef2\u7fb2\uff0c\u6267\u4e1a\u4e09\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u7ef4\u6301\u4e86\u5168\u5bb6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u8fd8\u7f6e\u4e0b20\u591a\u95f4\u623f\u5c4b(\u4faf\u7ef4\u7ff0\uff1a\u300a\u6c88\u9633\u7684\u661f\u547d\u4e1a\u300b\uff0c\u674e\u79c9\u65b0\u7b49\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c5f\u6e56\u79d8\u95fb\u300b\u4e0b\u518c\uff0c\u7b2c165\u9875)\u3002<\/p>\n

(57)\u5f20\u5b81\uff1a\u300a\u674e\u5b97\u4ec1\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u8ff7\u4fe1\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u53f2\u5929\u5730\u300b2014\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

(58)[\u82f1]\u5409\u5c3c\u65af\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u5fc3\u7075\u5b66\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u8d85\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u5f20\u71d5\u4e91\u8bd1\uff0c\u6c88\u9633\uff1a\u8fbd\u5b81\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1988\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c13\uff5e14\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(59)\u674e\u6b23\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7075\u5b66\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u50ac\u7720\u672f\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b2009\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

(60)(61)\u9ec4\u514b\u6b66\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u56fd\u521d\u5e74\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u7075\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u4ee5\u201c\u4e0a\u6d77\u7075\u5b66\u4f1a\u201d\u4e3a\u4f8b\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u96c6\u520a\u300b2007\u5e74\u7b2c55\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

(62)\u674e\u6b23\uff1a\u300a\u4e94\u56db\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7075\u5b66\u4f1a\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0e\u6d3b\u52a8\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u300b2008\u5e74\u7b2c11\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

(63)\u5434\u5149\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u3008\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u3009\u53cd\u5bf9\u9b3c\u795e\u8ff7\u4fe1\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b1981\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\uff1b\u5434\u5149\uff1a\u300a\u7075\u5b66\u00b7\u7075\u5b66\u4f1a\u00b7\u3008\u7075\u5b66\u4e1b\u5fd7\u3009\u7b80\u4ecb\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u300b1983\u5e74\u7b2c10\u671f\uff1b\u90d1\u56fd\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u56fd\u524d\u671f\u8ff7\u4fe1\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\uff1a1912\uff5e1928\u300b\uff0c\u5c71\u4e1c\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\uff0c2003\u5e74\uff1b\u9ec4\u514b\u6b66\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u56fd\u521d\u5e74\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u7075\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u7075\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4f8b\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u96c6\u520a\u300b2007\u5e74\u7b2c55\u671f\uff1b\u674e\u6b23\uff1a\u300a\u4e94\u56db\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7075\u5b66\u4f1a\uff1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0e\u6d3b\u52a8\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c2008\u5e74\u7b2c11\u671f\uff1b\u9ec4\u8273\u98de\uff1a\u300a\u4e94\u56db\u65f6\u671f\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u201c\u9b3c\u795e\u201d\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff1a\u4ee5\u9646\u8d39\u9035\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u534e\u4e1c\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\uff0c2010\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

(64)\u300a\u5415\u7956\u5e08\u8ff7\u4fe1\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u7075\u5b66\u4e1b\u5fd7\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c2\u5377\u7b2c2\u671f\uff0c1918\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c23\uff5e24\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(65)\u9646\u8d39\u9035\uff1a\u300a\u7075\u9b42\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u7075\u5b66\u4e1b\u5fd7\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c1\u5377\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

(66)\u4fde\u590d\uff1a\u300a\u7b54\u5434\u7a1a\u6656\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u7075\u5b66\u4e1b\u5fd7\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c1\u5377\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

(67)\u9648\u72ec\u79c0\uff1a\u300a\u98ce\u6c34\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u539f\u8f7d\u300a\u626c\u5b50\u6c5f\u300b\u7b2c2\u671f\uff0c1904\u5e74\u3002\u89c1\u738b\u5fcd\u4e4b\u7b49\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\u524d\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\u65f6\u8bba\u9009\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\u4e0b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u751f\u6d3b\u00b7\u8bfb\u4e66\u00b7\u65b0\u77e5\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c1960\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c949\uff5e953\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(68)\u9648\u72ec\u79c0\uff1a\u300a\u968f\u611f\u5f55\u00b7\u9634\u9633\u5bb6\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c5\u5377\u7b2c1\u53f7\uff0c1918\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

(69)\u9648\u5927\u9f50\uff1a\u300a\u8f9f\u201c\u7075\u5b66\u201d\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c4\u5377\u7b2c5\u53f7\uff0c1918\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

(70)\u9648\u65b9\u7ade\uff1a\u300a\u6279\u7075\u5b66\u7834\u9b3c\u76f8\uff1a\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u5021\u5bfc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u786c\u4ed7\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u300b2013\u5e74\u7b2c7\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

(71)\u9648\u72ec\u79c0\uff1a\u300a\u968f\u611f\u5f55\u00b7\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u795e\u5723\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u65b0\u9752\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c5\u5377\u7b2c1\u53f7\uff0c1918\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

(72)\u5185\u653f\u90e8\u603b\u52a1\u53f8\u4e8c\u79d1\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u5185\u653f\u6cd5\u89c4\u6c47\u7f16\u300b\u7b2c1\u8f91\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1931\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c766\u9875<\/p>\n

(73)\u9c81\u8fc5\uff1a\u300a\u5076\u611f\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u7533\u62a5\u00b7\u81ea\u7531\u8c08\u300b1934\u5e745\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u540e\u6536\u5165\u300a\u82b1\u8fb9\u6587\u5b66\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

(74)\u8bb8\u5730\u5c71\uff1a\u300a\u6276\u7b95\u8ff7\u4fe1\u5e95\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c1999\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c115\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(75)\u4e25\u590d\uff1a\u300a\u8fdb\u5316\u5929\u6f14\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e25\u590d\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c2\u518c\uff0c\u7b2c319\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(76)\u4e25\u590d\uff1a\u300a\u4e0e\u4fde\u590d\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e25\u590d\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c3\u518c\uff0c\u7b2c725\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(77)(78)\u4e25\u590d\uff1a\u300a\u4e0e\u8bf8\u513f\u4e66\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e25\u590d\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c3\u518c\uff0c\u7b2c825\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(79)\u9ec4\u8273\u98de\uff1a\u300a\u4e94\u56db\u65f6\u671f\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u201c\u9b3c\u795e\u201d\u4fe1\u4ef0\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u9646\u8d39\u9035\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u534e\u4e1c\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\uff0c2010\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c10\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

(80)\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u5929\u8bba\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

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