{"id":8534,"date":"2024-05-17T11:34:50","date_gmt":"2024-05-17T03:34:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=8534"},"modified":"2024-05-17T11:34:50","modified_gmt":"2024-05-17T03:34:50","slug":"%e5%8f%8d%e7%96%ab%e8%8b%97%e8%bf%90%e5%8a%a8%ef%bc%9a%e6%9d%a5%e8%87%aa%e4%b8%a4%e4%b8%aa%e4%b8%96%e7%ba%aa%e7%9a%84%e6%80%80%e7%96%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.danran1967.com\/?p=8534","title":{"rendered":"\u53cd\u75ab\u82d7\u8fd0\u52a8\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6000\u7591"},"content":{"rendered":"
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2019\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u65b0\u51a0\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u7ea61\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08WHO\uff09\u5c31\u5c06\u201c\u75ab\u82d7\u72b9\u8c6b<\/b>\u201d\u5217\u4e3a\u5341\u5927\u5065\u5eb7\u5a01\u80c1\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002WHO\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5bf9\u63a5\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u72b9\u8c6b\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u9884\u9632\u75be\u75c5\u65b9\u9762\u5df2\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6210\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u9006\u8f6c\uff08\u5012\u9000\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u88ab\u5f3a\u5236\u63a5\u79cd\u7684\u5929\u82b1\u75ab\u82d7<\/p>\n

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\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u533b\u836f\u62a5\u300b\u6587\u7ae0\u8bf4\uff0c\u636e\u53f2\u4e66\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u6cd5\u514d\u75ab\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u75d8\uff0c\u5373\u5929\u82b1\u60a3\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u63a5\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u56db\u79cd\uff1a\u300c\u75d8\u8863\u6cd5\u300d\u3001\u300c\u75d8\u6d46\u6cd5\u300d\u3001\u300c\u65f1\u82d7\u6cd5\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6c34\u82d7\u6cd5\u300d\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u800c\u5728\u5929\u82b1\u75ab\u82d7\u51fa\u73b0\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u59cb\u7ec8\u5bf9\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u529f\u6548\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u611f\u5230\u62c5\u5fe7\u300219 \u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u8d85 8 \u4e07\u540d\u75ab\u82d7\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u56e0\u82f1\u56fd\u51fa\u53f0\u7684\u5f3a\u5236\u300a\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u6cd5\u300b\u800c\u4e3e\u884c\u6e38\u884c\u793a\u5a01\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e4b\u58f0\u8513\u5ef6\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u8fd9\u573a\u201c\u53cd\u5929\u82b1\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u662f\u5728\u5929\u82b1\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4e0b\u5f97\u4ee5\u5e73\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u5148\u9a71\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u7434\u7eb3 (Edward Jenner) \u548c\u4e24\u540d\u540c\u4e8b\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u9001\u8d70\u4e09\u540d\u53cd\u5bf9\u63a5\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\uff0c\u6b7b\u8005\u8eba\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u811a\u4e0b\uff081808 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aI Cruikshank\/Wellcome Images\/Wikimedia Commons\uff0cCC BY-SA\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u8fdb\u5165 20 \u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u75ab\u82d7\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u5747\uff0c\u5929\u82b1\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7206\u53d1\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u975e\u6d32\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u30021967 \u5e74\uff0cWHO\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u4e3a\u671f\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u6839\u9664\u5929\u82b1\u5f3a\u5316\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u662f\u5728\u00a01980 \u5e74 5 \u6708 8 \u65e5\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u5c4a\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u5927\u4f1a\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u5e03\uff1a\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u6839\u9664\u4e86\u5929\u82b1\u3002\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

\u5229\u76ca\u9a71\u4f7f\u7684\u5f25\u5929\u5927\u8c0e<\/p>\n

1988 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u7bc7\u520a\u767b\u5728\u300a\u67f3\u53f6\u5200\u300b\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5c06\u9ebb\u75b9-\u816e\u817a\u708e-\u98ce\u75b9\uff08MMR\uff0c\u9ebb\u816e\u98ce\uff09\u8054\u5408\u75ab\u82d7\u4e0e\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u5173\u8054\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u53c8\u5c06\u53cd\u5bf9\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u63a8\u5411\u9ad8\u6f6e\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u533b\u751fAndrew Wakefield \u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86 12 \u540d\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u201c\u666e\u904d\u53d1\u80b2\u969c\u788d\u201d\uff0c\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u7167\u4e14\u6837\u672c\u91cf\u5f88\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08Andrew Wakefield\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u8bb0\u8005 Brain Deer \u53d1\u73b0 Wakefield \u6301\u6709\u591a\u9879\u4e3a\u7533\u62a5\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\uff1b\u800c Brain Deer \u516c\u5e03\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u540e\uff0cWakefield \u5c1d\u8bd5\u900f\u8fc7\u4e2d\u4ecb\u5411 Brain Deer \u884c\u8d3f\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u64a4\u56de\u62a5\u5bfc\u3002<\/p>\n

2005 \u5e74 10 \u6708\uff0cCochrane \u603b\u7ed3\u4e86 31 \u9879\u6709\u5173\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u548c\u9ebb\u816e\u98ce\u4e09\u8054\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u672a\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\u9ebb\u816e\u98ce\u4e09\u8054\u75ab\u82d7\u4e0e\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u6709\u5173\u30022010 \u5e74 2 \u6708\uff0c\u300a\u67f3\u53f6\u5200\u300b\u6b63\u5f0f\u5e9f\u9664\u57281998\u5e74\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u7684\u62a5\u5bfc\u3002<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u6570\u5b57\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\u8c0e<\/p>\n

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\u4f46\u6570\u5b57\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\u8c0e\uff1a\u725b\u75d8\u75ab\u82d7\u6839\u9664\u4e86\u4ec5\u5728 20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u5c31\u6740\u6b7b\u4e86 3 \u4ebf\u4eba\u7684\u5929\u82b1\uff1b\u767e\u767d\u7834\u75ab\u82d7\u62ef\u6551\u4e86\u8d85\u8fc7 6000 \u4e07\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff1b\u9ebb\u816e\u98ce\u4e09\u8054\u75ab\u82d7\u6bcf\u5e74\u633d\u6551\u4e0a\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u547d\uff0c\u622a\u6b62 2017 \u5e74\u7d2f\u8ba1\u62ef\u6551\u8d85\u8fc7 1.2 \u4ebf\u4eba\u3002<\/b><\/p>\n

\u6b63\u5982\u300a\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0e\u6050\u60e7\u4e4b\u95f4\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u9762\u5bf9\u761f\u75ab\uff08\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\uff09\u8fd9\u79cd\u6ce2\u53ca\u8303\u56f4\u5e7f\u4e14\u4e0d\u65ad\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u75ab\u82d7\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6709\u76ee\u5171\u7779\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u62ef\u6551\u4e86\u65e0\u6570\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u9884\u9632\u81f4\u547d\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\uff08Michael Kinch,\u300a\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0e\u6050\u60e7\u4e4b\u95f4\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n

\u75ab\u82d7\u72b9\u8c6b\u539f\u56e0\u6240\u5728<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u4e16\u536b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u514d\u75ab\u3001\u75ab\u82d7\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5236\u54c1\u53f8\u9ad8\u7ea7\u987e\u95ee\u675c\u514b\u6d1b\uff08Philippe Duclos\uff09\u66fe\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u201c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u2018\u75ab\u82d7\u72b9\u8c6b\u2019\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u75ab\u82d7\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u533b\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u536b\u751f\u4fdd\u5065\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u3001\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8a00\u8bba\u3001\u8d39\u7528\u8f83\u9ad8\u3001\u5730\u57df\u969c\u788d\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u63a5\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\u9700\u8981\u957f\u9014\u8dcb\u6d89<\/b>\u2026\u2026\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5404\u7c7b\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6216\u8005\u62d2\u7edd\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u8005\u5b69\u5b50\u63a5\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f25\u5408\u514d\u75ab\u5dee\u8ddd\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6784\u6210\u65e5\u8d8b\u4e25\u5cfb\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u62ef\u6551\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u514d\u75ab\u63a5\u79cd\uff1b\u6bcf\u5e74\u4f30\u8ba1\u6709 150 \u4e07\u513f\u7ae5\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u6709\u75ab\u82d7\u5b8c\u5168\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u9632\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u800c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u2026\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90: Tolga Akmen\/AFP\/Getty Images\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u5f53\u4f60\u5185\u5fc3\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u6253\u75ab\u82d7\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u98ce\u9669\u6df1\u4fe1\u4e0d\u7591\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u4e0a\u7f51\u641c\u7d22\u75ab\u82d7\u662f\u5426\u5371\u9669\u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5168\u90fd\u662f\u786e\u8ba4\u4f60\u5148\u5165\u4e3a\u4e3b\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u75ab\u82d7\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u548c\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u6b63\u786e\u770b\u5f85\u75ab\u82d7\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n

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