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data-size=\"normal\"><img class=\"origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/pic1.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-b46bb0188e63a764db3283bb7207ddd4_720w.jpg\" width=\"640\" data-caption=\"\" data-size=\"normal\" data-rawwidth=\"640\" data-rawheight=\"583\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic1.zhimg.com\/v2-b46bb0188e63a764db3283bb7207ddd4_r.jpg\" data-actualsrc=\"https:\/\/pic1.zhimg.com\/v2-b46bb0188e63a764db3283bb7207ddd4_b.jpg\" data-lazy-status=\"ok\" \/><\/figure>\n<p 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data-size=\"normal\"><img class=\"origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-590f4d42f55bfa9f3aa12a2d7d981d05_720w.jpg\" width=\"640\" data-caption=\"\" data-size=\"normal\" data-rawwidth=\"640\" data-rawheight=\"451\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/v2-590f4d42f55bfa9f3aa12a2d7d981d05_r.jpg\" data-actualsrc=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/v2-590f4d42f55bfa9f3aa12a2d7d981d05_b.jpg\" data-lazy-status=\"ok\" \/><\/figure>\n<p data-pid=\"uYBgRhgc\">\u81f3\u4e8e\u8499\u53e4\u5f13\u9a91\u5175\u7bad\u5c04\u51fa\u53bb\u4e71\u98d8\uff0c\u4e8b\u540e\u594f\u660e\u4e86\u671d\u5ef7\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6e05\u67e5\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u5728\u5927\u6e05\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u6e38\u7267\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b9a\u5c45\u5728\u5404\u65d7\u5404\u76df\uff0c\u9047\u707e\u9760\u671d\u5ef7\u6551\u6d4e\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fc1\u5f99\u907f\u707e\uff0c\u8349\u573a\u4e5f\u90fd\u5206\u5272\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u4e89\u593a\u8349\u573a\u7684\u90e8\u65cf\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e9\u65e0\u5f3a\u5f13\u4f5c\u6218\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5e73\u65e5\u53ea\u6253\u6253\u730e\u7528\u4e00\u4e0b\u5f13\u529b\u5f88\u5f31\u7684\u730e\u5f13\uff0c\u65e9\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u8fd8\u4f7f\u5f3a\u5f13\u4e86\uff0c\u5f3a\u5f13\u90fd\u662f\u6253\u4ed7\u624d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u6253\u730e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5f3a\u5f13\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ec4\u7f8a\u72d0\u72f8\u72fc\u8eab\u4e0a\u6ca1\u76d4\u7532\u6ca1\u76fe\u724c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6253\u730e\u7528\u4e0d\u7740\u53d1\u5c04\u7a7f\u7532\u7bad\u7684\u5f3a\u5f13\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u6e05\u6709\u7684\u662f\u5f13\u7bad\u706b\u67aa\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8499\u53e4\u7267\u6c11\u88ab\u738b\u7237\u4eec\u6d3e\u51fa\u65f6\u90fd\u6ca1\u62ff\u81ea\u5df1\u5e73\u65e5\u7528\u7684\u5f13\u7bad\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u4eac\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5374\u90fd\u7528\u4e0d\u5f97\u4ed3\u5e93\u91cc\u4ee5\u524d\u4e3a\u516b\u65d7\u519b\u9884\u7559\u7684\u5f3a\u5f13\u91cd\u7bad\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u4ece\u5404\u5f13\u7bad\u53f7\u91cc\u5f81\u5546\u54c1\u5f13\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f31\u5f13\u8f7b\u7bad\uff0c\u60f3\u7740\u4e5f\u51d1\u5408\u7740\u591f\u7528\uff0c\u8c01\u77e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7bad\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u662f\u7f3a\u7fbd\u7bad\uff0c\u4e24\u8fb9\u7fbd\u6bdb\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c04\u51fa\u540e\u98de\u884c\u8f68\u8ff9\u8be1\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"PEK_CpLW\">\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eac\u57ce\u516b\u65d7\u5b50\u5f1f\u66f4\u65e9\u5c31\u4e5f\u62c9\u4e0d\u5f97\u5f3a\u5f13\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u7231\u73a9\u5f13\uff0c\u73a9\u5f13\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4eac\u57ce\u91cc\u9e21\u9e2d\u9e3d\u5b50\u7cdf\u4e86\u6b83\uff0c\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5185\u5916\u57ce\u90fd\u662f\u6028\u58f0\u8f7d\u9053\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u540e\u6765\u5f13\u7bad\u53f7\u505a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7ed9\u5f31\u5f13\u7528\u7684\u7bad\uff0c\u5168\u662f\u4e00\u4fa7\u63ea\u4e86\u70b9\u6bdb\u7684\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u6765\u6253\u4ed7\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7ed9\u516b\u65d7\u5b50\u5f1f\u4eec\u73a9\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u5c04\u90a3\u4e48\u51c6\u5e72\u5565\uff1f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7bad\uff0c\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u9662\u5b50\u91cc\u7acb\u4e2a3-5\u7c73\u7684\u9776\u5c04\u7740\u73a9\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u8fdc\u4e86\u523010\u7c73\u5c31\u4e0d\u51c6\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea2\u4e08\u5185\u6709\u51c6\u5934\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u8fd9\u4eac\u57ce\u91cc\u9e21\u5440\uff0c\u9e2d\u5440\uff0c\u9e3d\u5b50\u5440\u5c31\u4e22\u7684\u5c11\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u671d\u5ef7\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u5e95\u7ec6\u5440\uff0c\u770b\u7740\u5404\u5f13\u7bad\u53f7\u7684\u8f7b\u7bad\u90fd\u5145\u8db3\u7740\u5462\uff0c\u5c31\u4e70\u4e0b\u4e86\uff0c\u7ed9\u90a3\u4e9b\u8499\u53e4\u9a91\u5175\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\u54ea\u5c04\u7684\u4e2d\u98de\u5954\u800c\u6765\u7684\u8054\u519b\u9a91\u5175\u5440\uff1f<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"R44qXqT0\">\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u7bad\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8054\u519b\u9a91\u5175\u8fd8\u6ca1\u5230\uff0c\u6cd5\u519b\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u8986\u706d\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8054\u519b\u7684\u523a\u77db\u9a91\u5175\u60f3\u51fb\u8d25\u5f13\u9a91\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u4e86\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5f31\u5f13\u53ea\u8981\u7bad\u5c04\u51fa\u53bb\u4e0d\u4e71\u98d8\uff0c\u8054\u519b\u7684\u523a\u77db\u9a91\u5175\u4e5f\u662f\u63a5\u8fd1\u5230\u523a\u6740\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6e3a\u832b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6551\u4e0d\u4e86\u6cd5\u519b\u6b65\u5175\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f97\u642d\u4e0a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e00\u5757\u5b8c\u86cb\u3002\u5f13\u9a91\u5175\u4e0d\u662f\u5f00\u73a9\u7b11\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u80fd\u7528\u5f3a\u5f13\u91cd\u7bad\uff0c\u90a3\u82f1\u6cd5\u8054\u519b\u9047\u5230\u5f13\u9a91\u5175\u7ed5\u5c04\u4e09\u4e0b\u4e94\u9664\u4e8c\u5c31\u5168\u6b7b\u5149\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"AA183mBD\">\u6ee1\u6d32\u5f13\u662f\u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u590d\u5408\u5f13\uff0c\u5f31\u5f13\u5a01\u529b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c0f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f30~35\u78c5\u529b\u7684\u6ee1\u6d32\u5f31\u5f13\u51fb\u7a7f\u5a01\u529b\u4e5f\u60ca\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u8981\u662f\u7bad\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8054\u519b\u7684\u9a91\u5175\u5728\u516b\u91cc\u6865\u4e00\u6837\u8981\u5b8c\u86cb\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8054\u519b\u9a91\u5175\u6ca1\u76d4\u7532\uff0c20\u7c73\u5185\u4e2d\u7bad\u80af\u5b9a\u88ab\u5c04\u4e2a\u900f\u5fc3\u7a7f\uff0c100\u7c73\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e0a\u7edd\u5bf9\u81f4\u547d\uff01\uff01\uff0130~35\u78c5\u662f\u672a\u7ecf\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u5b50\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5f13\u529b\uff0c\u5f31\u5f13\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f13\u529b\u7684\u5f13\u3002<\/p>\n<figure data-size=\"normal\"><img class=\"origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-37d7250b924bfbc2c97e59b6ac469989_720w.jpg\" width=\"640\" data-caption=\"\" data-size=\"normal\" data-rawwidth=\"640\" data-rawheight=\"467\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/v2-37d7250b924bfbc2c97e59b6ac469989_r.jpg\" data-actualsrc=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/v2-37d7250b924bfbc2c97e59b6ac469989_b.jpg\" data-lazy-status=\"ok\" \/><\/figure>\n<p data-pid=\"CN4xQlPK\">\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u519b\u961f\u7528\u7684\u67aa\u90fd\u662f\u6ed1\u819b\u67aa\uff0c200\u7801\u8ddd\u79bb\u6253\u4eba\u548c\u6253\u6708\u4eae\u547d\u4e2d\u6982\u7387\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u7528\u6b65\u5175\u5899\u9f50\u5c04\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u8499\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e2a\uff0c\u5bf9\u6297\u9a91\u5175\u6b27\u6d32\u662f\u9760\u523a\u5200\u9635\uff0c\u524d\u6392\u6b65\u5175\u4e0b\u8e72\u628a\u67aa\u630945\u5ea6\u89d2\u652f\u6491\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u540e\u6392\u6b65\u5175\u628a\u523a\u5200\u67aa\u5e73\u7aef\u524d\u633a\u518d\u540e\u6392\u5c31\u662f\u8f6e\u756a\u5c04\u51fb\u7684\u6b65\u5175\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7ec4\u6210\u4e2a\u5706\u5708\u9635\u6216\u65b9\u9635\uff0c\u628a\u5927\u70ae\u6446\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u51b2\u51fb\u578b\u9a91\u5175\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8ddd\u79bb\u8d8a\u8fd1\u5c31\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u706b\u67aa\u6253\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u523a\u5200\u5899\u4e5f\u80fd\u5413\u963b\u6216\u6321\u4f4f\u9a91\u5175\u7684\u51b2\u6740\uff0c\u5982\u9a91\u5175\u88ab\u523a\u5200\u5899\u5413\u7684\u4e0d\u6562\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8eb2\u5f00\uff0c\u6b65\u5175\u523a\u5200\u5899\u5f80\u4e24\u8fb9\u9000\u5f00\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u70ae\u5c31\u9732\u4e86\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u706b\u70ae\u5c31\u80fd\u767d\u6253\u9a91\u5175\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u9635\u52bf\u9047\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u98de\u9a6c\u9a91\u5c04\u7684\u5f13\u9a91\u5175\u7ed5\u5c04\u6709\u4e2a\u5c41\u7528\uff1f\uff1f\uff1f\u4e0d\u4f46\u6ca1\u5c41\u7528\u8fd8\u662f\u5f13\u9a91\u5175\u68a6\u5bd0\u4ee5\u6c42\u7684\u597d\u9776\u5b50\uff0c\u771f\u8981\u662f\u7bad\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c2\u4e2a\u9f50\u5c04\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u9635\u5c31\u57ae\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<figure data-size=\"normal\"><img class=\"origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/80\/v2-11e7c1c54d5b1a43d16c93968a59dea1_720w.jpg\" width=\"640\" data-caption=\"\" data-size=\"normal\" data-rawwidth=\"640\" data-rawheight=\"282\" data-original=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/v2-11e7c1c54d5b1a43d16c93968a59dea1_r.jpg\" data-actualsrc=\"https:\/\/pic2.zhimg.com\/v2-11e7c1c54d5b1a43d16c93968a59dea1_b.jpg\" data-lazy-status=\"ok\" \/><\/figure>\n<p data-pid=\"8WzdCAba\">\u6b27\u5f0f\u65b9\u9635\u5bf9\u6297\u9a91\u5175\u7684\u6218\u672f\u975e\u5e38\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u5c04\u51fb\u578b\u9a91\u5175\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u5806\u8089\u9776\uff0c\u6ed1\u819b\u67aa\u52a0\u523a\u5200\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5bc6\u96c6\u6b65\u5175\u65b9\u9635\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u5c04\u51fb\u578b\u9a91\u5175\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u8fde\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6b65\u5175\u65b9\u9635\u90fd\u4e0d\u5982\uff0c\u8d77\u7801\u90a3\u65f6\u7684\u65b9\u9635\u6b65\u5175\u8fd8\u6709\u76fe\u724c\u6709\u76d4\u7532\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"amQJjweu\">Poundage and speed<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"pxUUI5Nc\">Lt. Col. W.F. Paterson, who had a working example of an antique Manchu bow, was rather impressed by this bow design. He wrote:<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"6Gms6ggX\">\u201cThe force-draw curve is superior to any modern composite and the stored energy, for a given maximum effort, is probably the highest of any bow that has ever been in general use.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"sYMsXd4w\">A well-made 60 pound Manchu bow of all traditional materials will not outperform a well-made 60 pound English longbow. The Yongzheng emperor stated that from 80 pounds and up is enough for the military, so when Wen Chieh offered to make a bow for me I ordered that poundage. It was only when we tested this bow that the facts and figures started to impress again. At 82 pounds its draw weight started to outperform the disadvantage of the weight of its ears, results were impressive. The 82# Manchu bow, made by Wen Chieh, outperformed a well-made 128# yew longbow, shooting the same 1230 grains (80g) military weight arrow a stunning 190fps against 170fps for the longbow. This is exactly the reason why the Manchu bow used to have a bad reputation: People were testing low draw-weights that were too low and found no significant advantage in poundage pulled versus arrow velocity to justify its complex construction. The design really is made for war and hunting, to do damage with heavy arrows. They may not be the fastest bow, butno other bow design can launch an arrow that heavy, that fast.There is another catch though, the high initial draw weight of Manchu bows makes them considerably harder to pull than a longbow of the same draw-weight, but at full draw they feel similar again.<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"Y3Gnhq8a\">\u6ee1\u6d32\u5f13\u7684\u56fd\u5916\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u6ee1\u6d32\u5f13\u7684\u5f13\u529b\u8d8a\u5927\u8d8a\u4f18\u8d8a\uff0c\u5f53\u8fbe\u523080\u78c5\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65f6\u4f18\u52bf\u6700\u660e\u663e\uff0c82\u78c5\u6ee1\u6d32\u5f13\u53d1\u5c0480\u514b\u91cd\u7bad\uff0c\u7bad\u901f\u8fbe\u5230\u60ca\u4eba\u7684190\u82f1\u5c3a\/\u79d2\uff0c\u6bd4128\u78c5\u4f18\u8d28\u7d2b\u6749\u957f\u5f13\u7684\u7bad\u901f170\u82f1\u5c3a\/\u79d2\u8fd8\u9ad8\u7684\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"u77nfGBW\">Historical poundages<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"GXYtwCaA\">In his impressive study &#8220;The Manchu Way&#8221;, professor Mark Elliott writes:<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"ivtjt7eu\">&#8220;In regularly held contests, expertness might be demonstrated by accuracy of aim, length of shot, or strength in drawing. It was the last of these that occasioned the most detailed comments by supervising officers. Bows were graded by &#8220;strength&#8221; from three [40 pounds] to as high as eighteen [240 pounds], according to their stiffness. Ability at strength of six (probably a pull of about 80 pounds) was considered minimal for a grown man, and strength of ten (about 133 pounds) was required for participation in hunts. A 1736 report found that of 3,200 troops at the Hangzhou garrison about 2,200 were able to draw bows of strengths six to ten [80-133], and 80 could handle bow strengths of eleven to thirteen [147-173 pounds]\u2026 \u2026In comparison, the 500 troops at the small Dezhou garrison acquitted themselves with honor, all of them being able to take a five-strength bow [67 pounds], 203 a six-strength [80 pounds], 137 a seven -strength [93 pounds], and 85 a ten-strength bow [133 pounds].<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"u32yEF9N\">And: &#8220;The champion in a 1728 contest between the one hundred top bowmen in the empire won one hundred taels when he hit the bull&#8221;&#8221;&#8221;&#8221;s-eye using an eighteen-strength bow an estimated drawing weight of almost 240 pounds!&#8221;<\/p>\n<p data-pid=\"dzBF6aCx\">\u897f\u65b9\u5728\u5927\u6e05\u5bab\u5ef7\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u96cd\u6b63\u65f6\u671f\u516b\u65d7\u519b\u7684\u5c04\u7bad\u80fd\u529b\u63cf\u8ff0\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<p 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