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class=\"textAlignCenter\"><img class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w750_h1004_ablur_q90_webp\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/2703ACA78C2E1F4A62CCE442359D857288C66B02_size224_w750_h1004.jpeg\" data-lazyload=\"https:\/\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/2703ACA78C2E1F4A62CCE442359D857288C66B02_size224_w750_h1004.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u8bb2\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u4eba\uff08meddah\uff09\u5728\u5967\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u570b\u7684\u4e00\u5bb6\u5496\u5561\u9986\u91cc\u300215\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e16\u754c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u5496\u5561\u9986\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u738b\u671d\u82cf\u4e39\u82cf\u83b1\u66fc\u6267\u653f\u671f\u95f4\u76841554\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u9996\u90fd\u4f0a\u65af\u5766\u5e03\u5c14\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb6\u5496\u5561\u9986\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5496\u5561\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5177\u6709\u7a00\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u996e\u6599\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u676f\u5496\u5561\uff0c\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u300216\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5728\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u5723\u5730\u9ea6\u52a0\u548c\u9ea6\u5730\u90a3\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5927\u90fd\u5e02\u5f00\u7f57\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u4eec\u4e3a\u505a\u793c\u62dc\u524d\u5f80\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u996e\u7528\u5496\u5561\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5728\u4f0a\u65af\u5766\u5e03\u5c14\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb6\u5496\u5561\u9986\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u662f\u4ece15\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4e2d\u53f6\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u996e\u7528\u5496\u5561\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u5df2\u7ecf\u6269\u5927\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u3002\u6709\u5173\u5496\u5561\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u60f3\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u5f88\u96be\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u90fd\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u731c\u6d4b\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7684\u662f\u6709\u5173\u5496\u5561\u9986\u7684\u5e74\u8868:<\/p>\n<p>15\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u4eca\u5929\u4e5f\u95e8\u7684\u82cf\u83f2\u6559\u56e2\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u591c\u95f4\u4fee\u884c\u6d88\u9664\u5026\u610f\u996e\u7528\u5496\u5561;<\/p>\n<p>1454\u5e74\u5728\u4e9a\u4e01(\u73b0\u4e5f\u95e8)\u996e\u7528\u5496\u5561\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5141\u8bb8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u666e\u53ca\u8d77\u6765;<\/p>\n<p>1511\u5e74\u5728\u5f00\u7f57(\u57c3\u53ca)\u7684\u827e\u8d44\u54c8\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u996e\u7528\u5496\u5561(\u5496\u5561\u9986\u7684\u524d\u8eab);<\/p>\n<p>1530\u5e74\u5728\u5927\u9a6c\u58eb\u9769(\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a)\u6709\u996e\u7528\u5496\u5561\u8bb0\u8f7d;<\/p>\n<p>1532\u5e74\u5728\u963f\u52d2\u9887(\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a)\u6709\u996e\u7528\u5496\u5561\u8bb0\u8f7d;<\/p>\n<p>1554\u5e74\u5728\u4f0a\u65af\u5766\u5e03\u5c14(\u571f\u8033\u5176)\uff0c\u5496\u5561\u9986\u8bde\u751f;<\/p>\n<p>1645\u5e74\u5728\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af(\u610f\u5927\u5229)\u7684\u5496\u5561\u9986\u5f00\u5f20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u540e\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5404\u56fd\u5f97\u5230\u666e\u53ca:<\/p>\n<p>1650\u5e74\u725b\u6d25\uff0c\u201c\u96c5\u5404\u5496\u5561\u9986\u201d(\u82f1\u56fd);<\/p>\n<p>1652\u5e74\u4f26\u6566\uff0c\u201c\u5496\u5561\u5e10\u7bf7(\u73ab\u7470\u7ea2\u5496\u5561\u9986)\u201d(\u82f1\u56fd);<\/p>\n<p>1666\u5e74\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39(\u8377\u5170);<\/p>\n<p>1671\u5e74\u9a6c\u8d5b(\u6cd5\u56fd);<\/p>\n<p>1679\u20141687\u5e74\u6c49\u5821(\u5fb7\u56fd);<\/p>\n<p>1683\u5e74\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3(\u5965\u5730\u5229);<\/p>\n<p>1686\u5e74\u5e03\u62c9\u683c(\u6377\u514b)\u3001\u7ebd\u4f26\u5821(\u5fb7\u56fd);<\/p>\n<p>1689\u5e74\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u201c\u5496\u5561Le Procope\u201d(\u6cd5\u56fd);<\/p>\n<p>1694\u5e74\u7ebd\u7ea6(\u7f8e\u56fd)\u3001\u83b1\u6bd4\u9521(\u5fb7\u56fd)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u82f1\u56fd\u7248\u5496\u5561\u9986\u7684\u8bde\u751f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w875_h598_q90_webp\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/436E637566482EFE282F18E63CDBE62ACD1B69DE_size149_w875_h598.jpeg\" data-lazyload=\"https:\/\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/436E637566482EFE282F18E63CDBE62ACD1B69DE_size149_w875_h598.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"textAlignCenter\">Interior of a London coffee house c.1705<\/p>\n<p>\u725b\u6d25\u5750\u843d\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u7a0d\u9760\u897f\u5317\u7684\u5185\u9646\u5927\u5b66\u57ce\u3002\u8c01\u80fd\u60f3\u5230\u8fd9\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u4f1a\u548c\u6d77\u76d7\u626f\u4e0a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u6700\u65e9\u5f00\u59cb\u559d\u5496\u5561\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u540d\u95e8\u8d1d\u5229\u5965\u5c14\u5b66\u9662\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\u662f\u574e\u7279\u4f2f\u96f7\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5362\u5fb7\u4ece\u514b\u91cc\u7279\u5c9b\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u5c06\u5496\u5561\u5e26\u5230\u4e86\u725b\u6d25\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5362\u5fb7\u4efb\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5496\u5561\u4ece\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u4f20\u64ad\u8fc7\u6765\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5496\u5561\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6d77\u8fd0\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u662f\u5362\u5fb7\u5927\u4e3b\u6559\u5229\u7528\u548c\u6d77\u76d7\u878d\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u201c\u5192\u9669\u5546\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u8239\uff0c\u5c06\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u5496\u5561\u4e00\u8d77\u5e26\u5230\u4e86\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5496\u5561\u65f6\u4ee3\u6b63\u5f0f\u5230\u8bbf\u82f1\u56fd\u662f\u572817\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u534a\u671f\uff0c\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u7acb\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002\u5496\u5561\u4eba\u6c14\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0a\u5347\u662f\u572817\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u800c\u5496\u5561\u9986\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u671f\u5219\u8981\u7b49\u523018\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e86\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5496\u5561\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u5e02\u5185\u7684\u5496\u5561\u9986\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u7e41\u8363\u666f\u8c61\u30021650\u20141750\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u5e02\u5185\u653e\u773c\u5373\u662f\u5496\u5561\u9986\uff0c\u6700\u76db\u671f\u65f6\u6709\u8d85\u8fc73000\u5bb6\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5496\u5561\u9986\u6324\u6ee1\u4e86\u5927\u8857\u5c0f\u5df7\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u8fd8\u770b\u5230\u6709\u6587\u732e\u8bb0\u8f7d\u572818\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\u671f\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5468\u8fb9\u5730\u533a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5171\u67098000\u591a\u5bb6\u7684\u5496\u5561\u5e97\u3002\u4f26\u6566\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u5496\u5561\u4e4b\u90fd\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u5c31\u8fde\u5728\u5965\u65af\u66fc\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e5f\u662f\u76db\u540d\u5353\u8457\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f26\u6566\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5496\u5561\u9986\u57281650\u5e74\u8bde\u751f\u4e8e\u725b\u6d25\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u57ce\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u5e02\u5185\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb6\u5219\u662f\u5728\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\u76841652\u5e74\u5f00\u4e1a\u3002\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u51fa\u8eab\u7684\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u96c5\u514b\u5e03\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u5f00\u7684\u5496\u5561\u9986\uff0c\u77ac\u95f4\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u57ce\u91cc\u7684\u5496\u5561\u6587\u5316\u767e\u82b1\u7efd\u653e\u3002\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u9769\u547d(1642\u20141649\u5e74)\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u6d3e\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u6d3e\u4e4b\u95f4\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6597\u4e89\u53d1\u5c55\u4e3a\u5185\u6218\u3002\u4e3a\u7ed3\u675f\u8fd9\u573a\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u8bae\u4f1a\u6d3e\u57281649\u5e74\u5904\u51b3\u4e86\u56fd\u738b\u67e5\u7406\u4e00\u4e16\u3002\u9886\u5bfc\u8bae\u4f1a\u6d3e\u7684\u5965\u5229\u5f17\u00b7\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14(\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4e60\u671f\u95f4\u6210\u4e3a\u6e05\u6559\u5f92)\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u53d6\u4ee3\u738b\u671d\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5171\u548c\u56fd(\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c1649\u20141660\u5e74)\u3002\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u521a\u6210\u7acb\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u57ce\u91cc\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb6\u5496\u5561\u9986\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1655\u5e74\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u4e07\u7075\u5b66\u9662\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u5496\u5561\u6587\u5316\u6025\u901f\u6e17\u900f\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5496\u5561\u70ed\u6f6e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u4e5f\u88ab\u5377\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5496\u5561\u4eba\u6c14\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u7684\u505c\u6ede\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u4ece\u738b\u671d\u590d\u8f9f(1660\u5e74)\u5230\u5149\u8363\u9769\u547d(1688\u5e74)\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u4e71\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec1665\u5e74\u7684\u9f20\u75ab\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u4f26\u6566\u5e02\u5185\u7684\u5927\u706b\u707e\uff0c\u5496\u5561\u9986\u8fce\u6765\u4e86\u56f0\u96be\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u968f\u7740\u653f\u6cbb\u5b89\u5b9a\u3001\u6218\u80dc\u75c5\u9b54\u3001\u706b\u707e\u540e\u7684\u590d\u5174\uff0c\u5496\u5561\u9986\u4e5f\u5f97\u4ee5\u590d\u82cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5496\u5561\u9986\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u77401650\u5e74\u540e\u5496\u5561\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u3002\u6211\u9700\u8981\u518d\u6b21\u660e\u786e\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5496\u5561\u7684\u8fdb\u53e3\u6781\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ef7\u683c\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b\uff0c\u662f\u8d35\u65cf\u548c\u5bcc\u88d5\u9636\u5c42\u7b49\u6709\u9650\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u82b1\u5927\u4ef7\u94b1\u5230\u624b\u7684\u73cd\u8d35\u7269\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"textAlignCenter\"><strong>\u5496\u5561\u9986\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u5496\u5561\u9986<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"textAlignCenter\"><img class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w828_h617_q90_webp\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/4541753CE2204CF839063122F5EDB5D9B7B9CC94_size97_w828_h617.jpeg\" data-lazyload=\"https:\/\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/4541753CE2204CF839063122F5EDB5D9B7B9CC94_size97_w828_h617.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Edward Lloyd&#8217;s Coffee House\/ National Maritime Museum Public Domain<\/p>\n<p>\u521b\u59cb\u671f\u7684\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u9aa8\u5e72\u548c\u8239\u957f\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u4f8b\u5916\u90fd\u662f\u5927\u6d77\u76d7\u51fa\u8eab\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u8fb9\u559d\u7740\u5496\u5561\u4e00\u8fb9\u8fdb\u884c\u5546\u4e1a\u6d3d\u8c08\u7684\u573a\u6240\u5c31\u662f\u5496\u5561\u9986\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u662f\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u5496\u5561\u9986\u3002\u63d0\u8d77\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8239\u8236\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u5e2d\u5377\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u800c\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5176\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u6d77\u76d7\u4eec\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u5496\u5561\u9986\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9707\u64bc\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u7684\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u7ec8\u4e8e\u7ed3\u675f\u76841648\u5e74\uff0c\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u800c\u5496\u5561\u9986\u7684\u5f00\u5f20\u662f\u57281688\u5e74(\u4e5f\u67091687\u5e74\u4e4b\u8bf4)\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u5feb40\u5c81\u65f6\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u5e02\u5185\u7684\u52a0\u7f57\u97e6\u5496\u5561\u9986\u3001\u4e54\u7eb3\u68ee\u5496\u5561\u9986\u3001\u5a01\u5c14\u65af\u5496\u5561\u9986\u7b49\u540d\u5e97\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c55\u5f00\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u3001\u8239\u957f\u548c\u6295\u8d44\u5bb6\u4eec\u805a\u96c6\u7684\u573a\u6240\u3002\u6d77\u76d7\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u548c\u8239\u957f\u4eec\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5bcc\u88d5\u9636\u5c42\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6210\u529f\u62db\u63fd\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u987e\u5ba2\uff0c\u5404\u5bb6\u5496\u5561\u5e97\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u52a0\u5165\u5496\u5561\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\uff0c\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u987e\u5ba2\u7684\u591a\u6837\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u63a8\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5e72\u90e8\u548c\u6295\u8d44\u5bb6\u4eec\uff0c\u805a\u96c6\u5230\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u7684\u5496\u5561\u9986\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u201cLloyd\u2019s\u201d\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLloyd\u2019s\u201d\u4e4b\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u7684\u201d\u201c\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u6240\u6709\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u6709\u4e2a\u53eb\u4f5c\u201cLloyd\u2019s\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4e54\u7eb3\u68ee\u3001\u5a01\u5c14\u65af\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u7684\u786e\u662f\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\uff0c\u4f46\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u57281713\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u548c\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u5bb6\u6beb\u65e0\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5404\u5bb6\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u66f4\u6362\u6b64\u5496\u5561\u9986\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6309\u7167\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u7528\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u505a\u5e97\u540d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u201cLloyd\u2019s\u201d\u7684\u5e97\u540d\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u73cd\u60dc\u5e76\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e97\u540d\u7684\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u572818\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u54c1\u724c\u540d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u786e\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u6210\u529f\u4e4b\u94a5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u5174\u65fa\u7684\u6700\u5927\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u58eb\u4ee5\u529e\u516c\u548c\u4f11\u61a9\u7684\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u53ef\u8c13\u662f\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u624b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96f7\u8499\u5fb7\u00b7\u5f17\u62c9\u74e6\u548c\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u65af\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u5386\u53f2\u300a\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u52aa\u529b:<\/p>\n<p>\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u4e3a\u4e86\u5438\u5f15\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u8bbe\u4f11\u606f\u65e5\uff0c24\u5c0f\u65f6\u8425\u4e1a\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u996e\u6599\u4e5f\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u5496\u5561\u3001\u7ea2\u8336\u3001\u5564\u9152\u548c\u675c\u677e\u5b50\u9152\u7b49\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u987e\u5ba2\u9700\u8981\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u98df\u54c1\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8425\u9020\u5546\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u5e97\u5185\u4e00\u89d2\u9884\u5907\u4e86\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u5f88\u73cd\u8d35\u7684\u58a8\u548c\u7eb8\u5f20\uff0c\u5e76\u5c55\u5f00\u4eba\u6d77\u6218\u672f\uff0c\u5728\u5e97\u5185\u65f6\u523b\u5b89\u7f6e5\u540d\u5e97\u54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class=\"textAlignCenter\"><img class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w864_h645_q90_webp\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/266E946F903B617752C24343EC0916BACC30A95A_size96_w864_h645.jpeg\" data-lazyload=\"https:\/\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/266E946F903B617752C24343EC0916BACC30A95A_size96_w864_h645.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"textAlignCenter\">\u4f26\u6566\u7684Lloyd\u2019s\u5496\u5561\u9986\uff0c1798\u5e74<\/p>\n<p>\u773a\u671b\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5496\u5561\u9986\u590d\u539f\u56fe\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u5ba2\u4eba\u4ea4\u6d41\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u5546\u8c08\uff0c\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u5728\u684c\u5b50\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4e0b\u4e86\u529f\u592b\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c06\u53ef\u4f9b\u8c08\u7b11\u7684\u5927\u684c\u5b50\u653e\u5728\u6b63\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u4ece\u5165\u53e3\u8fdb\u6765\u53f3\u4fa7\u65b9\uff0c\u4e3a\u65b9\u4fbf\u79c1\u4eba\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e92\u76f8\u9694\u5f00\u7684\u684c\u6905\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u5de6\u4fa7\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u53ef\u4f9b\u8fdb\u884c\u62cd\u5356\u7684\u7279\u8bbe\u4e00\u89d2\uff0c\u6700\u9760\u91cc\u9762\u5899\u58c1\u7684\u6696\u7089\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u8fd8\u8425\u9020\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u56f4\u7740\u6696\u7089\u5c31\u5ea7\u7684\u653e\u677e\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5e97\u5185\u6bd4\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5bb6\u5496\u5561\u9986\u90fd\u8981\u6e05\u6d01\u300217\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u4f26\u6566\u5e02\u5185\uff0c\u8def\u9762\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u4fee\u6574\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u4e0a\u5806\u79ef\u6ee1\u5c18\u571f\u548c\u6392\u6cc4\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u6563\u53d1\u7740\u6076\u81ed\u7684\u810f\u4e71\u90fd\u5e02\u3002\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u9f20\u75ab\u7684\u8513\u5ef6\uff0c\u60f3\u60f3\u4e5f\u662f\u8ddf\u73af\u5883\u6076\u52a3\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u4e3a\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u58eb\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u8212\u9002\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u987e\u5ba2\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u5f85\u4e0a\u4e00\u6574\u5929\u4e5f\u4e0d\u89c9\u5f97\u4e4f\u5473\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u53ef\u4f9b\u4f11\u61a9\u7684\u89d2\u843d\uff0c\u7cbe\u5fc3\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u4e0d\u65f6\u9080\u8bf7\u8fdc\u6d0b\u822a\u6d77\u5f52\u6765\u7684\u8239\u957f\uff0c\u53ec\u5f00\u6709\u5173\u6d77\u5916\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u6f14\u8bb2\u4f1a\u7b49\uff0c\u4e00\u5fc3\u4e00\u610f\u4e3a\u987e\u5ba2\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u8fd8\u53ec\u5f00\u5546\u54c1\u62cd\u5356\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0b\u53483\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u62cd\u5356\u3002\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u6709\u5229\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bcc\u88d5\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u987e\u5ba2\u4eec\u90fd\u7eb7\u7eb7\u63a5\u8fde\u524d\u5f80\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f00\u4e1a\u540e\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u5e74\u53731691\u5e74\uff0c\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u5496\u5561\u9986\u4ece\u94c1\u5854\u8def\u642c\u8fc1\u5230\u90ae\u5c40\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4f26\u5df4\u7b2c\u8def\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5e97\u9762\u3002\u66f4\u52a0\u5bbd\u655e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u719f\u5ba2\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u4e5f\u66f4\u52a0\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u5730\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u9010\u6e10\u5728\u8bf8\u5bb6\u5496\u5561\u9986\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65b0\u5e97\u94fa\u57281696\u5e74\u4ee5\u6bcf\u5468\u4e24\u6b21\u7684\u9891\u7387\u53d1\u884c\u6709\u5173\u8d38\u6613\u8239\u53ea\u548c\u6d77\u5916\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u62a5\u7eb8\u300a\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\u3002\u7528\u659c\u4f53\u6587\u5370\u5237\u5728\u4e00\u5f20\u7eb8\u7684\u53cc\u9762\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u767b\u8f7d\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u65e0\u4e00\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u719f\u5ba2\u201d\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4eba\u58eb\u4eec\u6240\u900f\u9732\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u65b0\u95fb\u9700\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u68c0\u9605\uff0c\u8fd9\u4efd\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u88ab\u8feb\u4e2d\u6b62\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b63\u89c4\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4fe1\u606f\u62a5\u300a\u52b3\u57c3\u5fb7\u8239\u8236\u65e5\u62a5\u300b(Lloyd\u2019s 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class=\"textAlignCenter\"><img class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/d.ifengimg.com\/w1080_h835_q90_webp\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/E7F8D82818C4C1CFB92AB76B9319BF59362903A4_size219_w1080_h835.jpeg\" data-lazyload=\"https:\/\/x0.ifengimg.com\/res\/2020\/E7F8D82818C4C1CFB92AB76B9319BF59362903A4_size219_w1080_h835.jpeg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>1781\u5e74\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u6587\u5b66\u6d3e\u5bf9\uff0c\u7ea6\u4e66\u4e9a\u00b7\u96f7\u8bfa\u5179\uff08Joshua Reynolds\uff09\u753b\u4f5c\u3002Archive Photos\/Getty 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